en.wikipedia.org/La_Belle_Dame_sans_Merci/article.txt

   1 {{For|the 15th-century poem by Alain Chartier|La Belle Dame sans Mercy}}
   2
   3 [[File:John William Waterhouse - La Belle Dame sans Merci (1893).jpg|thumb|[[John William Waterhouse]] – ''La belle dame sans merci'', 1893]]
   4 [[File:Henry Meynell Rheam - La Belle Dame sans Merci.jpg|thumb|''La Belle Dame sans Merci'' by [[Henry Meynell Rheam]], 1901]]
   5 [[File:Arthur Hugues - La belle dame sans merci.jpg|thumb|[[Arthur Hughes (artist)|Arthur Hughes]] – ''La belle dame sans merci'']]
   6 [[File:Dicksee Frank, La Belle Dame Sans Mersi.jpg|thumb|[[Frank Dicksee]] – ''La belle dame sans merci'', c. 1901]]
   7 [[File:La Belle Dame sans Merci - Punch cartoon - Project Gutenberg eText 19105.png|thumb|''[[Punch (magazine)|Punch]]'' magazine cartoon, 1920]]
   8
   9 "'''La Belle Dame sans Merci'''" ("The Beautiful Lady Without Mercy") is a [[ballad]] produced by the [[England|English]] poet [[John Keats]] in 1819. The title was derived from the title of a 15th-century poem by [[Alain Chartier]] called ''[[La Belle Dame sans Mercy]]''.<ref name="symons_2004_title" />
  10
  11 Considered an English classic, the poem is an example of Keats' poetic preoccupation with love and death.<ref name="everest_2002_lovedeath" /> The poem is about a [[fairy]] who condemns a knight to an unpleasant fate after she seduces him with her eyes and singing. The fairy inspired several artists to paint images that became early examples of 19th-century ''[[femme fatale]]'' iconography.<ref name="cooper_1986_fatale" /> The poem continues to be referenced in many works of literature, music, art, and film.
  12
  13 ==Poem==
  14 The poem is simple in structure with twelve [[stanza]]s of four lines each in an ABCB [[rhyme scheme]]. Below is both the original and revised version of the poem.:<ref name="keats_1905_selincourt" /><ref name="Oxford_English_Verse" />
  15
  16 {|
  17 |-
  18 ! The original version, 1819  !!  !! The revised version, 1820
  19 |-
  20 |
  21 O what can ail thee, knight-at-arms,<br />
  22 Alone and palely loitering?<br />
  23 The sedge has withered from the lake,<br />
  24 And no birds sing!<br />
  25 <br />
  26 O what can ail thee, knight-at-arms,<br />
  27 So haggard and so woe-begone?<br />
  28 The squirrel’s granary is full,<br />
  29 And the harvest’s done.<br />
  30 <br />
  31 I see a lily on thy brow,<br />
  32 With anguish moist and fever-dew,<br />
  33 And on thy cheeks a fading rose<br />
  34 Fast withereth too.<br />
  35 <br />
  36 I met a lady in the meads,<br />
  37 Full beautiful, a fairy’s child;<br />
  38 Her hair was long, her foot was light,<br />
  39 And her eyes were wild.<br />
  40 <br />
  41 I made a garland for her head,<br />
  42 And bracelets too, and fragrant zone;<br />
  43 She looked at me as she did love,<br />
  44 And made sweet moan.<br />
  45 <br />
  46 I set her on my pacing steed,<br />
  47 And nothing else saw all day long,<br />
  48 For sidelong would she bend, and sing<br />
  49 A faery’s song.<br />
  50 <br />
  51 She found me roots of relish sweet,<br />
  52 And honey wild, and manna-dew,<br />
  53 And sure in language strange she said—<br />
  54 ‘I love thee true’.<br />
  55 <br />
  56 She took me to her Elfin grot,<br />
  57 And there she wept and sighed full sore,<br />
  58 And there I shut her wild, wild eyes<br />
  59 With kisses four.<br />
  60 <br />
  61 And there she lullèd me asleep,<br />
  62 And there I dreamed—Ah! woe betide!—<br />
  63 The latest dream I ever dreamt<br />
  64 On the cold hill side.<br />
  65 <br />
  66 I saw pale kings and princes too,<br/>
  67 Pale warriors, death-pale were they all;<br/>
  68 They cried—‘La Belle Dame sans Merci<br />
  69 Hath thee in thrall!’<br />
  70 <br />
  71 I saw their starved lips in the gloam,<br />
  72 With horrid warning gapèd wide,<br />
  73 And I awoke and found me here,<br />
  74 On the cold hill’s side.<br />
  75 <br />
  76 And this is why I sojourn here,<br />
  77 Alone and palely loitering,<br />
  78 Though the sedge is withered from the lake,<br />
  79 And no birds sing.
  80  ||  ||
  81 O what can ail thee, wretched wight,<br />
  82 Alone and palely loitering?<br />
  83 The sedge is wither'd from the lake,<br />
  84 And no birds sing.<br />
  85 <br />
  86 Ah, what can ail thee, wretched wight,<br />
  87 So haggard and so woe-begone?<br />
  88 The squirrel’s granary is full,<br />
  89 And the harvest’s done.<br />
  90 <br />
  91 I see a lily on thy brow,<br />
  92 With anguish moist and fever-dew,<br />
  93 And on thy cheek a fading rose<br />
  94 Fast withereth too.<br />
  95 <br />
  96 I met a lady in the meads,<br />
  97 Full beautiful, a faery’s child;<br />
  98 Her hair was long, her foot was light,<br />
  99 And her eyes were wild.<br />
 100 <br />
 101 I set her on my pacing steed,<br />
 102 And nothing else saw all day long,<br />
 103 For sideways would she lean, and sing<br />
 104 A faery’s song.<br />
 105 <br />
 106 I made a garland for her head,<br />
 107 And bracelets too, and fragrant zone;<br />
 108 She look'd at me as she did love,<br />
 109 And made sweet moan.<br />
 110 <br />
 111 She found me roots of relish sweet,<br />
 112 And honey wild, and manna dew,<br />
 113 And sure in language strange she said.—<br />
 114 I love thee true.<br />
 115 <br />
 116 She took me to her elfin grot,<br />
 117 And there she gaz'd and sighed deep,<br />
 118 And there I shut her wild sad eyes<br />
 119 So kiss'd to sleep.<br />
 120 <br />
 121 And there we slumber'd on the moss,<br />
 122 And there I dream'd, ah woe betide!—<br />
 123 The latest dream I ever dream'd<br />
 124 On the cold hill side.<br />
 125 <br />
 126 I saw pale kings, and princes too,<br/>
 127 Pale warriors, death-pale were they all;<br/>
 128 Who cry'd—‘La Belle Dame sans Merci<br />
 129 Hath thee in thrall!’<br />
 130 <br />
 131 I saw their starv'd lips in the gloam,<br />
 132 With horrid warning gaped wide,<br />
 133 And I awoke, and found me here,<br />
 134 On the cold hill’s side.<br />
 135 <br />
 136 And this is why I sojourn here,<br />
 137 Alone and palely loitering,<br />
 138 Though the sedge is withered from the lake,<br />
 139 And no birds sing.
 140
 141 |}
 142
 143 ==Inspiration==
 144 In 2019 literary scholars [[Richard Marggraf Turley]] and Jennifer Squire proposed that the ballad may have been inspired by the tomb effigy of [[Richard FitzAlan, 10th Earl of Arundel]] (d. 1376) in [[Chichester Cathedral]]. At the time of Keats' visit in 1819, the effigy stood mutilated and separated from that of Arundel's second wife, [[Eleanor of Lancaster]] (d. 1372), in the northern outer aisle. The figures were reunited and restored by Edward Richardson in 1843, and later inspired [[Philip Larkin]]'s 1956 poem "[[An Arundel Tomb]]".<ref>{{cite web |title=Old sketches, maps and gothic effigies unlock secrets of John Keats's famous poem 'La Belle Dame Sans Merci' |publisher=Aberystwyth University |date=16 May 2019 |url=https://www.aber.ac.uk/en/news/archive/2019/05/title-223178-en.html?bblinkid=160156052&bbemailid=13965598&bbejrid=1065862831 |accessdate=25 December 2019 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |first=Richard |last=Marggraf Turley |author-link=Richard Marggraf Turley |title=How a stone knight inspired two very different visions of love from John Keats and Philip Larkin |publisher=The Conversation |date=16 July 2019 |url=https://theconversation.com/how-a-stone-knight-inspired-two-very-different-visions-of-love-from-john-keats-and-philip-larkin-120377 |accessdate=25 December 2019 }}</ref>
 145
 146 == In other media ==
 147
 148 === Visual depictions ===
 149 {{Commons category|La Belle Dame sans Merci}}
 150 "La Belle Dame sans Merci" was a popular subject for the [[Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood]]. It was depicted by [[Frank Dicksee]],<ref name="dicksee_1890_painting" /> [[Frank Cadogan Cowper]], [[John William Waterhouse]],<ref name="waterhouse_1893_painting" /> [[Arthur Hughes (artist)|Arthur Hughes]],<ref name="hughes_18xx_painting" /> [[Walter Crane]],<ref name="crane_1865_painting" /> and Henry Maynell Rheam.<ref name="rheam_1901_painting" /> It was also satirized in the 1&nbsp;December 1920 edition of ''[[Punch (magazine)|Punch]]'' magazine.<ref name="punch_1920_drawing" />
 151
 152 === Musical settings ===
 153 Around 1910, [[Charles Villiers Stanford]] produced a musical setting for the poem. It is a dramatic interpretation requiring a skilled (male) vocalist and equally skilled accompanist.<ref name="stanford_1910_score" /> In the 21st century it remains popular and is included on many anthologies of English song or British Art Music recorded by famous artists.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.hyperion-records.co.uk/tw.asp?w=W6062|title=La belle dame sans merci - Hyperion Records - CDs, MP3 and Lossless downloads|website=www.hyperion-records.co.uk|access-date=2019-04-08}}</ref>
 154
 155 In 1935, [[Patrick Hadley]] wrote a version of the Stanford score for tenor, [[SATB|four-part chorus]], and orchestra.<ref name="hadley_1935_score" />
 156
 157 A setting of the poem, in German translation, appears on the 2009 music album ''Buch der Balladen'' by [[Faun (band)|Faun]].<ref name="faun_2009_balladen" />
 158
 159 A lyrical, mystical musical setting of this poem has been composed by [[Loreena McKennitt]], published in her 2018 CD ''Lost Souls''.<ref name="mckennitt_2018_lost" />
 160
 161 === Film ===
 162 The 1915 American film ''[[The Poet of the Peaks]]'' was based upon the poem.<ref name="reaves_1915_peaks" />
 163
 164 The 2009 stop-action animated fantasy film ''[[Coraline]]'' directed by Henry Selick refers to the malevolent Other Mother as "beldam". The film includes a similar theme of entrapment by a seemingly beautiful loving woman.<ref name="selick_2009_coraline" />
 165
 166 ===Books ===
 167 The poem is mentioned in the story entitled "The case of Three Gables" from the 1893 book ''[[The Memoirs of Sherlock Holmes]]'' by Sir [[Arthur Conan Doyle]]. In it Holmes compares and matches the character sketch of Isadora Klein with La Belle Dame sans Merci.<ref name="doyle_1893_sherlock" />
 168
 169 In Agatha Christie's 1936 mystery novel ''[[Murder in Mesopotamia]]'', the plot is centered upon an unusual woman named Louise Leidner who is described multiple times as "a kind of Belle Dame sin Merci". One character describes her as possessing a "calamitous magic that plays the devil with things".<ref name="christie_2003_mesopotamia-cd" /><ref name="christie_1936_mesopotamia" />
 170
 171 [[Vladimir Nabokov]]'s books ''[[The Real Life of Sebastian Knight]]'' (1941), ''[[Lolita]]'' (1955) and ''[[Pale Fire]]'' (1962) allude to the poem.<!--books around 1950s, reference needed-->
 172
 173 The last two lines of the first verse ("The sedge has withered from the lake/And no birds sing") were used as an epigraph for [[Rachel Carson]]'s book ''[[Silent Spring]]'' (1962), about the environmental damage caused by the irresponsible use of pesticides.  The second line was repeated later in the book, as the title of a chapter about their specific effects on birds.<ref name="carson_2002_silentspring" />
 174
 175 The last two lines of the 11th verse are used as the title of a science fiction short story, "And I awoke and found me here on the cold hill's side" (1973) by [[James Tiptree, Jr.]].<ref name="tiptree_1973" />
 176
 177 [[Roger Zelazny]]'s ''Amber Chronicles'' refer to the poem in Chapter Five of ''The Courts of Chaos'' (1978) wherein the protagonist journeys to a land that resembles the poem.<ref name="zelazny_1978_chaos" />
 178
 179 [[John Kennedy Toole]]'s novel ''[[A Confederacy of Dunces]]'' (1980) alludes to the poem in initially describing the main character's home.<ref name="toole_1980_dunces" />
 180
 181 [[Farley Mowat]]'s 1980 memoir of his experiences in World War II is entitled ''And No Birds Sang''.<ref name="mowat_1979_birds" />
 182
 183 ''[[Pale Kings and Princes]]'', a 1987 [[Spenser (character)|Spenser]] novel by [[Robert B. Parker]], takes its title from the poem.
 184
 185 The line is also featured in [[Philip Roth]]'s ''The Human Stain'' (2000) in reaction to Coleman describing his new, far younger love interest.<ref name="roth_2000_stain" />
 186
 187 In Chapter 32 of [[Kristine Smith]]'s novel ''Law Of Survival'' (2001) the protagonist, Jani, reveals her true hybrid eyes to the general public for the first time, then she asks another character, Niall, what she looks like.  Niall smiles and quotes a snippet of La Belle Dame sans Merci and gives Keats credit for his words.<ref name="smith_2001_survival" />
 188
 189 The Beldam in Neil Gaiman's 2002 horror-fantasy novel ''[[Coraline]]'' references the mysterious woman who is also known as Belle Dame. Both share many similarities as both lure their protagonists into their lair by showing their love towards them and giving them treats to enjoy. The protagonists in both stories also encounter the ghosts who have previously met both women and warn the protagonist about their true colours and at the end of the story, the protagonist is stuck in their lair, with the exception of Coraline who managed to escape while the unnamed knight in this poem is still stuck in the mysterious fairy's lair.<ref name="gaiman_2002_coraline" />
 190
 191 [[L. A. Meyer]]'s ''Bloody Jack'' series (2002-2014) features a take on La Belle Dame sans Merci, adapted to reflect the protagonists age. Mary "Jacky" Faber became known as "La belle jeune fille sans merci".<!-- reference needed-->
 192
 193 In ''Hunting Ground'' (2009) by [[Patricia Briggs]], La Belle Dame sans Merci is identified as The Lady of the Lake and is a hidden antagonist.<ref name="briggs_2009_hunting" />
 194
 195 [[David Foster Wallace]]'s 2011 novel ''[[The Pale King]]'' alludes to the poem in its title.<ref name="wallace_2011_king" />
 196
 197 [[Cassandra Clare]]'s 2016 collection of novellas ''[[Tales From the Shadowhunter Academy]]'' includes a novella titled Pale Kings and Princes, named after the line "I saw pale kings and princes too/Pale warriors, death-pale were they all". Three of the poem's stanzas are also excerpted in the story.<ref name="clare_2016_shadowhunter" />
 198
 199 The last two lines of the first verse ("The sedge has withered from the lake/And no birds sing") are used in the text of the 2019 Nebula award-winning science fiction story "This Is How You Lose The Time War" by Amal El-Mohtar and Max Gladstone (2019)<ref>"This Is How You Lose The Time War" by Amal El-Mohtar and Max Gladstone (Saga books, 2019)</ref>
 200
 201 ===Television===
 202 {{Expand section | date = November 2018}}
 203
 204 ''[[Rosemary & Thyme]]'' - Season 1, Episode 1<ref name="rosemary_20030831" />
 205
 206 [[Californication (TV series)|''Californication'']] - Season 1, Episode 5<ref name="californ_20070910" />
 207
 208 ''[[Downton Abbey]]'' - Season 6, Episode 5<ref name="abbey_20151018" />
 209
 210 ''[[Victoria (UK TV series)|Victoria]]'' - Season 2, Episode 3<ref name="victoria_20170910" />
 211
 212 ===Other===
 213 In a March 2017 interview with ''[[The Quietus]]'' the English songwriter and musician [[John Lydon]] cited the poem as a favourite.<ref name="quietus_20170321_interview-fb" />
 214
 215 In the popular trading card game, ''Magic the Gathering'', the card 'Merieke Ri Berit' is modeled after this poem.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Merieke Ri Berit|url=https://mtg.gamepedia.com/Merieke_Ri_Berit|access-date=2020-06-12|website=MTG Wiki|language=en}}</ref>
 216
 217 ==References==
 218 {{Reflist|refs=
 219
 220 <ref name="symons_2004_title">{{cite web
 221  |url          = http://www.lib.rochester.edu/camelot/teams/sym4int.htm
 222  |title        = La Belle Dame sans Mercy – Introduction
 223  |author       = Dana M. Symons
 224  |year         = 2004
 225  |work         = Chaucerian Dream Visions and Complaints
 226  |publisher    = Medieval Institute Publications
 227  |access-date  = 2018-11-30
 228  |archive-url  = https://web.archive.org/web/20180627144305/http://d.lib.rochester.edu/teams/text/symons-chaucerian-dream-visions-and-complaints-la-belle-dame-sans-mercy-introduction
 229  |archive-date = 2018-06-27
 230  |url-status   = dead
 231 }}</ref>
 232
 233 <ref name="everest_2002_lovedeath">{{cite book
 234 | last          = Everest
 235 | first         = Kelvin
 236 | author2       = British Council
 237 | author2-link       = British Council
 238 | date          = 2002
 239 | title         = John Keats
 240 | url           = https://books.google.com/books?id=9vZaAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA86
 241 | publisher     = Northcote House
 242 | isbn          = 9780746308073
 243 | oclc          = 50526132
 244 | page          = 86
 245 }}</ref>
 246
 247 <ref name="quietus_20170321_interview-fb">{{cite AV media
 248 | url           = https://www.facebook.com/TheQuietus/videos/1341715772538876/
 249 | title         = The Quietus - John Lydon Official interview LIVE
 250 | date          = 2017-03-21
 251 | publisher     = Facebook
 252 | language      = en
 253 | access-date   = 2018-11-30
 254 }}</ref>
 255
 256 <ref name="tiptree_1973">{{cite book
 257 | title         = Ten thousand light-years from home
 258 | url         = https://archive.org/details/tenthousandlight00tipt
 259 | url-access    = registration
 260 | chapter       = And I Awoke and Found Me Here on the Cold Hill's Side
 261 | last          = Tiptree
 262 | first         = James Jr.
 263 | date          = 1973
 264 | publisher     = [[Ace Books]]
 265 | location      = New York
 266 | oclc          = 50687237
 267 }}</ref>
 268
 269 <ref name="carson_2002_silentspring">{{cite book
 270 | title         = [[Silent Spring]]
 271 | last          = Carson
 272 | first         = Rachel
 273 | date          = 2002
 274 | publisher     = [[Houghton Mifflin]]
 275 | location      = Cambridge, Massachusetts
 276 | author-link   = Rachel Carson
 277 | oclc          = 806409808
 278 | isbn          = 9780618249060 <!--Replace with ref to earlier version (ex:1962) if quote presence confirmed.-->
 279 }}</ref>
 280
 281 <ref name="roth_2000_stain">{{cite book
 282 | title         = [[The Human Stain]]
 283 | last          = Roth
 284 | first         = Philip
 285 | date          = 2000
 286 | publisher     = [[Houghton Mifflin]]
 287 | author-link   = Philip Roth
 288 | oclc          = 930877308
 289 | page          = 27
 290 }}</ref>
 291
 292 <ref name="gaiman_2002_coraline">{{cite book
 293 | title         = Coraline
 294 | last          = Gaiman
 295 | first         = Neil
 296 | date          = 2002
 297 | location      = London
 298 | publisher     = [[Bloomsbury Publishing]]
 299 | author-link   = Neil Gaiman
 300 | oclc          = 441090183
 301 | isbn          = 9780747558781
 302 }}</ref>
 303
 304 <ref name="clare_2016_shadowhunter">{{cite book
 305 | title         = [[Tales From the Shadowhunter Academy]]
 306 | last          = Clare
 307 | first         = Cassandra
 308 | date          = 2016
 309 | location      = London
 310 | publisher     = [[Walker Books]]
 311 | oclc          = 1028442554
 312 | isbn          = 9781406362848
 313 }}</ref>
 314
 315 <ref name="briggs_2009_hunting">{{cite book |title       = Hunting Ground
 316  |last        = Briggs
 317  |first       = Patricia
 318  |date        = 2009
 319  |location    = New York
 320  |publisher   = Berkley Pub. Group
 321  |oclc        = 865278362
 322  |isbn        = 9780441017386
 323  |author-link = Patricia Briggs
 324  |url-access  = registration
 325  |url         = https://archive.org/details/huntingground00brig
 326 }}</ref>
 327
 328 <ref name="wallace_2011_king">{{cite book
 329 | title         = [[The Pale King]]
 330 | last          = Wallace
 331 | first         = David Foster
 332 | date          = 2011
 333 | location      = London
 334 | publisher     = Hamish Hamilton
 335 | oclc          = 729687079
 336 | isbn          = 9780241144800
 337 | author-link   = David Foster Wallace
 338 }}</ref>
 339
 340 <ref name="doyle_1893_sherlock">{{cite book
 341 | title         = [[The Memoirs of Sherlock Holmes]]
 342 | last          = Doyle
 343 | first         = Arthur Conan
 344 | date          = 1893
 345 | author-link   = Arthur Conan Doyle
 346 }}</ref>
 347
 348 <ref name="mowat_1979_birds">{{cite book
 349 | title         = And No Birds Sang
 350 | last          = Mowat
 351 | first         = Farley
 352 | date          = 1979
 353 | location      = London
 354 | publisher     = Cassell
 355 | oclc          = 16557956
 356 | isbn          = 9780304307470
 357 | author-link   = Farley Mowat
 358 }}</ref>
 359
 360 <ref name="zelazny_1978_chaos">{{cite book
 361 | title         = Chronicles of Amber. Volume II
 362 | chapter       = Chapter 5, The Courts of Chaos
 363 | last          = Zelazny
 364 | first         = Roger
 365 | date          = 1978
 366 | location      = Garden City, New York
 367 | publisher     = Nelson Doubleday Pub.
 368 | oclc          = 316235986
 369 | author-link   = Roger Zelazny
 370 }}</ref>
 371
 372 <ref name="toole_1980_dunces">{{cite book
 373 | title         = [[A Confederacy of Dunces]]
 374 | last          = Toole
 375 | first         = John Kennedy
 376 | date          = 1980
 377 | location      = Baton Rouge
 378 | publisher     = Louisiana State University Press
 379 | oclc          = 318457173
 380 | isbn          = 9780807106570
 381 | author-link   = John Kennedy Toole
 382 }}</ref>
 383
 384 <ref name="smith_2001_survival">{{cite book
 385 | title         = Law of Survival
 386 | url         = https://archive.org/details/lawofsurvival0000smit
 387 | url-access    = registration
 388 | chapter       = 32
 389 | last          = Smith
 390 | first         = Kristine
 391 | date          = 2001
 392 | location      = New York, NY
 393 | publisher     = Eos Books
 394 | oclc          = 48105904
 395 | isbn          = 9780380807857
 396 | author-link   = Kristine Smith
 397 }}</ref>
 398
 399 <ref name="reaves_1915_peaks">{{cite AV media
 400 | people        = Eason, Reaves (Director)
 401 | date          = 1915-04-12
 402 | title         = The Poet of the Peaks
 403 | medium        = motion picture
 404 | language      = English
 405 | time          = <!-- Insert relevant hh:mm time in movie referencing poem.-->
 406 | location      = USA
 407 | publisher     = Mutual Film
 408 | oclc          =<!-- None found-->
 409 }}</ref>
 410
 411 <ref name="selick_2009_coraline">{{cite AV media
 412 | people        = Henry Selick (Director)
 413 | date          = 2009
 414 | title         = Coraline
 415 | medium        = motion picture
 416 | language      = English
 417 | location      = USA
 418 | publisher     = Focus Features
 419 | oclc          = 895036872
 420 }}</ref>
 421
 422 <ref name="mckennitt_2018_lost">{{cite AV media
 423 | people        = McKennitt, Loreena (Artist)
 424 | date          = 2018
 425 | title         = Lost Souls
 426 | medium        = audio compact disc
 427 | location      = New York, NY
 428 | publisher     = Universal Music Enterprises
 429 | oclc          = 1048033767
 430 }}</ref>
 431
 432 <ref name="faun_2009_balladen">{{cite AV media
 433 | people        = Faun (Album)
 434 | date          = 2009
 435 | title         = Buch Der Balladen
 436 | trans-title   = Book of Ballads
 437 | medium        = audio compact disc
 438 | oclc          = 1010338374
 439 | asin          = B00CV9225E
 440 | at            = track 10 "Belle Dame Sana Merci"
 441 }}</ref>
 442
 443 <ref name="stanford_1910_score">{{cite AV media
 444 | people        = Stanford, Charles Villiers (music), Keats, John (words)
 445 | date          = 1910 <!-- Note: This is an approximate year.-->
 446 | title         = La belle dame sans merci : ballad (For voice and piano)
 447 | medium        = musical score
 448 | location      = London
 449 | publisher     = Augener & Co.
 450 | oclc          = 433495401
 451 }}</ref>
 452
 453 <ref name="hadley_1935_score">{{cite AV media
 454 | people        = Hadley, Patrick (music), Keats, John (words)
 455 | date          = 1935
 456 | title         = La belle dame sans merci
 457 | medium        = printed musical score
 458 | location      = London
 459 | publisher     = Curwen
 460 | oclc          = 24862985
 461 }}</ref>
 462
 463 <ref name="californ_20070910">{{Cite episode
 464  | title          = LOL
 465  | episode-link   = List_of_Californication_episodes#Season_1_(2007)
 466  | series         = Californication
 467  | series-link    = Californication (TV series)
 468  | first          = Tom
 469  | last           = Kampinos
 470  | network        = Showtime
 471  | date           = 2007-09-10
 472  | season         = 1
 473  | number         = 5
 474  | language       = English
 475  | oclc           = 941908978
 476 }}</ref>
 477
 478 <ref name="rosemary_20030831">{{Cite episode
 479  | title          = And No Birds Sing
 480  | episode-link   = Rosemary_%26_Thyme#Series_1_(2003)
 481  | series         = Rosemary & Thyme
 482  | series-link    = Rosemary & Thyme
 483  | first1         = Brian
 484  | last1          = Eastman
 485  | first2         = Clive
 486  | last2          = Exton
 487  | network        = ITV
 488  | date           = 2003-08-31
 489  | season         = 1
 490  | number         = 1
 491  | language       = English
 492  | oclc           = 1040647468
 493 }}</ref>
 494
 495 <ref name="abbey_20151018">{{Cite episode
 496  | title          = Episode 5
 497  | episode-link   = List_of_Downton_Abbey_episodes#Series_6_(2015)
 498  | series         = Downton Abbey
 499  | series-link    = Downton Abbey
 500  | first          = Fellowes
 501  | last           = Julian
 502  | network        = ITV
 503  | date           = 2015-10-18
 504  | season         = 6
 505  | number         = 5
 506  | language       = English
 507  | oclc           = 932137942
 508 }}</ref>
 509
 510 <ref name="victoria_20170910">{{Cite episode
 511  | title          = Warp and Weft
 512  | episode-link   = Victoria_(UK_TV_series)#Series_2_(2017)
 513  | series         = Victoria
 514  | series-link    = Victoria (UK TV series)
 515  | first          = Sax
 516  | last           = Geoffrey
 517  | network        = ITV
 518  | date           = 2017-09-10
 519  | season         = 2
 520  | number         = 3
 521  | language       = English
 522  | oclc           = 1026276682
 523 }}</ref>
 524
 525 <ref name="keats_1905_selincourt">{{cite book
 526 | title        = The Poems of John Keats
 527 | url          = https://archive.org/details/poemsofjohnkeats00keat
 528 | last         = Keats
 529 | first        = John
 530 | author-link  = John Keats
 531 | editor-last  = Sélincourt
 532 | editor-first = Ernest De
 533 | editor-link  = Ernest de Sélincourt
 534 | date         = 1905
 535 | location     = New York
 536 | publisher    = Dodd, Mead & Company
 537 | pages        = [https://archive.org/details/poemsofjohnkeats00keat/page/244 244]-247
 538 | oclc         = 11128824
 539 }}</ref>
 540
 541 <ref name=" Oxford_English_Verse">{{cite book
 542 | title        = Oxford Book of English Verse 1250-1900
 543 | url          = https://www.bartleby.com/101/633.html
 544 | last         = Keats
 545 | first        = John
 546 | author-link  = John Keats
 547 | editor-last  = Quiller-Couch
 548 | editor-first = Sir Arthur Thomas
 549 | editor-link  = Sir Arthur Thomas Quiller-Couch
 550 | date         = 1919
 551 | location     = Oxford
 552 | publisher    = Clarendon Press
 553 | pages        = https://www.bartleby.com/101/633.html
 554 | oclc         = 1171806391
 555 }}</ref>
 556
 557 <ref name="crane_1865_painting">{{Citation
 558 | last          = Crane
 559 | first         = Walter T.
 560 | year          = 1865
 561 | title         = Le belle Dame Sans Merci
 562 | publisher     = Wikimedia Commons, the free media repository
 563 | url           = https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Walter_T._Crane_-_La_belle_Dame_Sans_Merci_(1865).jpg&oldid=290464764
 564 | access-date   = 2018-11-30
 565 }}</ref>
 566
 567 <ref name="waterhouse_1893_painting">{{Citation
 568 | last          = Waterhouse
 569 | first         = John William
 570 | year          = 1893
 571 | title         = La Belle Dame Sans Merci
 572 | publisher     = Wikimedia Commons, the free media repository
 573 | url           = https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:La_Belle_Dame_Sans_Merci,_by_John_William_Waterhouse,_1893,_oil_on_canvas_-_Hessisches_Landesmuseum_Darmstadt_-_Darmstadt,_Germany_-_DSC01228.jpg&oldid=260668475
 574 | access-date   = 2018-11-30
 575 }}</ref>
 576
 577 <ref name="dicksee_1890_painting">{{Citation
 578 | last          = Frank
 579 | first         = Dicksee
 580 | year          = 1890
 581 | title         = La Belle Dame Sans Merci
 582 | publisher     = Wikimedia Commons, the free media repository
 583 | url           = https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Redgirl_and_knight02.jpg&oldid=309188121
 584 | access-date   = 2018-11-30
 585 }}</ref>
 586
 587 <ref name="rheam_1901_painting">{{Citation
 588 | last          = Rheam
 589 | first         = Henry Meynell
 590 | year          = 1901
 591 | title         = La  Belle Dame sans Merci
 592 | publisher     = Wikimedia Commons, the free media repository
 593 | url           = https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Henry_Meynell_Rheam_-_La_Belle_Dame_sans_Merci.jpg&oldid=119268210
 594 | access-date   = 2018-11-30
 595 }}</ref>
 596
 597 <ref name="hughes_18xx_painting">{{Citation
 598 | last          = Hugues
 599 | first         = Arthur
 600 | author-link   = Arthur Hughes (artist)
 601 | year          = <!-- Difficult to pin down.-->
 602 | title         = La Belle Dame Sans Merci
 603 | publisher     = Wikimedia Commons, the free media repository
 604 | url           = https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Arthur_Hugues_-_La_belle_dame_sans_merci.jpg&oldid=132350511
 605 | access-date   = 2018-11-30
 606 }}</ref>
 607
 608 <ref name="punch_1920_drawing">{{Citation
 609 | author        =
 610 | first         =
 611 | date          = 1920-12-01
 612 | title         = LA BELLE DAME SANS MERCI
 613 | publisher     = [[Punch (magazine)|Punch]]
 614 | url           = https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:La_Belle_Dame_sans_Merci_-_Punch_cartoon_-_Project_Gutenberg_eText_19105.png&oldid=241841701
 615 | access-date   = 2018-11-30
 616 }}</ref>
 617
 618 <ref name="cooper_1986_fatale">{{cite journal
 619 | last          = Cooper
 620 | first         = Robyn
 621 | date          = 1986
 622 | editor-last1   = Dean
 623 | editor-first1  = Sonia
 624 | editor-last2  = Ryan
 625 | editor-first2 = Judith
 626 | title         = Arthur Hughes's La Belle Dame sans merci and the femme fatale
 627 | url           = https://www.ngv.vic.gov.au/essay/arthur-hughess-la-belle-dame-sans-merci-and-the-femme-fatale/
 628 | archive-url   = https://web.archive.org/web/20170526185635/https://www.ngv.vic.gov.au/essay/arthur-hughess-la-belle-dame-sans-merci-and-the-femme-fatale/
 629 | url-status      = live
 630 | journal       = Art Bulletin of Victoria
 631 | volume        = 27
 632 | issn          = 0066-7935
 633 | publisher     = Council of Trustees of the National Gallery of Victoria
 634 | oclc          = 888714380
 635 | archive-date  = 2017-05-26
 636 | access-date   = 2018-11-30
 637 }}</ref>
 638
 639 <ref name="christie_2003_mesopotamia-cd">{{cite AV media
 640 | people        = Christie, Agatha (author); Bakewell, Michael
 641 | date          = 2003
 642 | title         = [[Murder in Mesopotamia]] : A BBC Radio 4 full-cast dramatisation
 643 | medium        = audio compact disc
 644 | language      = English
 645 | time          = 01:16:55 <!--See also 00:20:03-->
 646 | location      = Bath
 647 | publisher     = BBC Audiobooks
 648 | isbn          = 9780563494232
 649 | oclc          = 938615128
 650 | quote         = POIROT:But Louise Leidner was no ordinary woman. DR REILLY:She certainly was not. She'd got that sort of... calamitous magic that plays the devil with things. Kind of a Belle Dame sans Merci.
 651 | author-link   = Agatha Christie
 652 }}</ref>
 653
 654 <ref name="christie_1936_mesopotamia">{{cite book
 655 | title         = Murder in Mesopotamia
 656 | last          = Christie
 657 | first         = Agatha
 658 | date          = 1936
 659 | chapter       = Chapter 19. A New Suspicion
 660 | location      = London
 661 | publisher     = Published for the Crime club by Collins
 662 | oclc          = 938286864
 663 | author-link   = Agatha Christie
 664 | quote         = But Mrs. Leidner was something out of the ordinary in that line. She'd got just that sort of calamitous magic that plays the deuce with things - a kind of Belle Dame sans Merci.
 665 }}</ref>
 666
 667 }}
 668
 669 == External links ==
 670 {{Wikisource|La Belle Dame sans Merci}}
 671
 672 {{John Keats}}
 673
 674 {{DEFAULTSORT:Belle Dame Sans Merci, La}}
 675 [[Category:1819 poems]]
 676 [[Category:Gothic fiction]]
 677 [[Category:Poetry by John Keats]]
 678 [[Category:Witchcraft in written fiction]]