{{For|the 15th-century poem by Alain Chartier|La Belle Dame sans Mercy}}
+{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2022}}
[[File:John William Waterhouse - La Belle Dame sans Merci (1893).jpg|thumb|[[John William Waterhouse]] – ''La belle dame sans merci'', 1893]]
[[File:Henry Meynell Rheam - La Belle Dame sans Merci.jpg|thumb|''La Belle Dame sans Merci'' by [[Henry Meynell Rheam]], 1901]]
[[File:Arthur Hugues - La belle dame sans merci.jpg|thumb|[[Arthur Hughes (artist)|Arthur Hughes]] – ''La belle dame sans merci'']]
-[[File:Dicksee Frank, La Belle Dame Sans Mersi.jpg|thumb|[[Frank Dicksee]] – ''La belle dame sans merci'', c. 1901]]
+[[File:Dicksee Frank, La Belle Dame Sans Merci.jpg|thumb|[[Frank Dicksee]] – ''La belle dame sans merci'', c. 1901]]
[[File:La Belle Dame sans Merci - Punch cartoon - Project Gutenberg eText 19105.png|thumb|''[[Punch (magazine)|Punch]]'' magazine cartoon, 1920]]
"'''La Belle Dame sans Merci'''" ("The Beautiful Lady Without Mercy") is a [[ballad]] produced by the [[England|English]] poet [[John Keats]] in 1819. The title was derived from the title of a 15th-century poem by [[Alain Chartier]] called ''[[La Belle Dame sans Mercy]]''.<ref name="symons_2004_title" />
Considered an English classic, the poem is an example of Keats' poetic preoccupation with love and death.<ref name="everest_2002_lovedeath" /> The poem is about a [[fairy]] who condemns a knight to an unpleasant fate after she seduces him with her eyes and singing. The fairy inspired several artists to paint images that became early examples of 19th-century ''[[femme fatale]]'' iconography.<ref name="cooper_1986_fatale" /> The poem continues to be referenced in many works of literature, music, art, and film.
==Poem==
-The poem is simple in structure with twelve [[stanza]]s of four lines each in an ABCB [[rhyme scheme]]. Below is both the original and revised version of the poem.:<ref name="keats_1905_selincourt" /><ref name="Oxford_English_Verse" />
+The poem is simple in structure with twelve [[stanza]]s of four lines each in an ABCB [[rhyme scheme]]. Below are both the original and revised version of the poem:<ref name="keats_1905_selincourt" /><ref name="Oxford_English_Verse" />
{|
|-
Fast withereth too.<br />
<br />
I met a lady in the meads,<br />
-Full beautiful, a fairy’s child;<br />
+Full beautiful, a fairy's child;<br />
Her hair was long, her foot was light,<br />
And her eyes were wild.<br />
<br />
I set her on my pacing steed,<br />
And nothing else saw all day long,<br />
For sidelong would she bend, and sing<br />
-A faery’s song.<br />
+A faery's song.<br />
<br />
She found me roots of relish sweet,<br />
And honey wild, and manna-dew,<br />
And sure in language strange she said—<br />
-‘I love thee true’.<br />
+'I love thee true'.<br />
<br />
She took me to her Elfin grot,<br />
And there she wept and sighed full sore,<br />
The latest dream I ever dreamt<br />
On the cold hill side.<br />
<br />
-I saw pale kings and princes too,<br/>
-Pale warriors, death-pale were they all;<br/>
-They cried—‘La Belle Dame sans Merci<br />
-Hath thee in thrall!’<br />
+I saw pale kings and princes too,<br />
+Pale warriors, death-pale were they all;<br />
+They cried—'La Belle Dame sans Merci<br />
+Hath thee in thrall!'<br />
<br />
I saw their starved lips in the gloam,<br />
With horrid warning gapèd wide,<br />
And I awoke and found me here,<br />
-On the cold hill’s side.<br />
+On the cold hill's side.<br />
<br />
And this is why I sojourn here,<br />
Alone and palely loitering,<br />
Though the sedge is withered from the lake,<br />
And no birds sing.
|| ||
-O what can ail thee, wretched wight,<br />
+Ah, what can ail thee, wretched wight,<br />
Alone and palely loitering?<br />
The sedge is wither'd from the lake,<br />
And no birds sing.<br />
<br />
Ah, what can ail thee, wretched wight,<br />
So haggard and so woe-begone?<br />
-The squirrel’s granary is full,<br />
-And the harvest’s done.<br />
+The squirrel's granary is full,<br />
+And the harvest's done.<br />
<br />
I see a lily on thy brow,<br />
With anguish moist and fever-dew,<br />
Fast withereth too.<br />
<br />
I met a lady in the meads,<br />
-Full beautiful, a faery’s child;<br />
+Full beautiful, a faery's child;<br />
Her hair was long, her foot was light,<br />
And her eyes were wild.<br />
<br />
The latest dream I ever dream'd<br />
On the cold hill side.<br />
<br />
-I saw pale kings, and princes too,<br/>
-Pale warriors, death-pale were they all;<br/>
-Who cry'd—‘La Belle Dame sans Merci<br />
-Hath thee in thrall!’<br />
+I saw pale kings, and princes too,<br />
+Pale warriors, death-pale were they all;<br />
+Who cry'd—'La Belle Dame sans Merci<br />
+Hath thee in thrall!'<br />
<br />
I saw their starv'd lips in the gloam,<br />
With horrid warning gaped wide,<br />
|}
==Inspiration==
-In 2019 literary scholars [[Richard Marggraf Turley]] and Jennifer Squire proposed that the ballad may have been inspired by the tomb effigy of [[Richard FitzAlan, 10th Earl of Arundel]] (d. 1376) in [[Chichester Cathedral]]. At the time of Keats' visit in 1819, the effigy stood mutilated and separated from that of Arundel's second wife, [[Eleanor of Lancaster]] (d. 1372), in the northern outer aisle. The figures were reunited and restored by Edward Richardson in 1843, and later inspired [[Philip Larkin]]'s 1956 poem "[[An Arundel Tomb]]".<ref>{{cite web |title=Old sketches, maps and gothic effigies unlock secrets of John Keats's famous poem 'La Belle Dame Sans Merci' |publisher=Aberystwyth University |date=16 May 2019 |url=https://www.aber.ac.uk/en/news/archive/2019/05/title-223178-en.html?bblinkid=160156052&bbemailid=13965598&bbejrid=1065862831 |accessdate=25 December 2019 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |first=Richard |last=Marggraf Turley |author-link=Richard Marggraf Turley |title=How a stone knight inspired two very different visions of love from John Keats and Philip Larkin |publisher=The Conversation |date=16 July 2019 |url=https://theconversation.com/how-a-stone-knight-inspired-two-very-different-visions-of-love-from-john-keats-and-philip-larkin-120377 |accessdate=25 December 2019 }}</ref>
+In 2019 literary scholars [[Richard Marggraf Turley]] and Jennifer Squire proposed that the ballad may have been inspired by the tomb effigy of [[Richard FitzAlan, 10th Earl of Arundel]] (d. 1376) in [[Chichester Cathedral]]. At the time of Keats' visit in 1819, the effigy stood mutilated and separated from that of Arundel's second wife, [[Eleanor of Lancaster]] (d. 1372), in the northern outer aisle. The figures were reunited and restored by Edward Richardson in 1843, and later inspired [[Philip Larkin]]'s 1956 poem "[[An Arundel Tomb]]".<ref name="pau_20190516_chinchestereffigies"/><ref name="marggraf_20190716_chinchester"/>
== In other media ==
"La Belle Dame sans Merci" was a popular subject for the [[Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood]]. It was depicted by [[Frank Dicksee]],<ref name="dicksee_1890_painting" /> [[Frank Cadogan Cowper]], [[John William Waterhouse]],<ref name="waterhouse_1893_painting" /> [[Arthur Hughes (artist)|Arthur Hughes]],<ref name="hughes_18xx_painting" /> [[Walter Crane]],<ref name="crane_1865_painting" /> and Henry Maynell Rheam.<ref name="rheam_1901_painting" /> It was also satirized in the 1 December 1920 edition of ''[[Punch (magazine)|Punch]]'' magazine.<ref name="punch_1920_drawing" />
=== Musical settings ===
-Around 1910, [[Charles Villiers Stanford]] produced a musical setting for the poem. It is a dramatic interpretation requiring a skilled (male) vocalist and equally skilled accompanist.<ref name="stanford_1910_score" /> In the 21st century it remains popular and is included on many anthologies of English song or British Art Music recorded by famous artists.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.hyperion-records.co.uk/tw.asp?w=W6062|title=La belle dame sans merci - Hyperion Records - CDs, MP3 and Lossless downloads|website=www.hyperion-records.co.uk|access-date=2019-04-08}}</ref>
+Around 1910, [[Charles Villiers Stanford]] produced a musical setting for the poem. It is a dramatic interpretation requiring a skilled (male) vocalist and equally skilled accompanist.<ref name="stanford_1910_score" /> In the 21st century it remains popular and is included on many anthologies of English song or British Art Music recorded by famous artists.<ref name="hyperion_2022_commerciallistingspromo"/>
In 1935, [[Patrick Hadley]] wrote a version of the Stanford score for tenor, [[SATB|four-part chorus]], and orchestra.<ref name="hadley_1935_score" />
+Ukrainian composer [[Valentyn Silvestrov]] wrote a song for baritone and piano after Russian translation of the poem. It belongs to Silvestrov's song cycle ''Quiet Songs (Silent Songs)'' (1974–1975).
+
A setting of the poem, in German translation, appears on the 2009 music album ''Buch der Balladen'' by [[Faun (band)|Faun]].<ref name="faun_2009_balladen" />
A lyrical, mystical musical setting of this poem has been composed by [[Loreena McKennitt]], published in her 2018 CD ''Lost Souls''.<ref name="mckennitt_2018_lost" />
=== Film ===
The 1915 American film ''[[The Poet of the Peaks]]'' was based upon the poem.<ref name="reaves_1915_peaks" />
-The 2009 stop-action animated fantasy film ''[[Coraline]]'' directed by Henry Selick refers to the malevolent Other Mother as "beldam". The film includes a similar theme of entrapment by a seemingly beautiful loving woman.<ref name="selick_2009_coraline" />
+[[Germaine Dulac]]'s 1920 ''La Belle Dame sans Merci'' explores the archetype of the ''femme fatale''.<ref name="icr_20200829_filmdulac"/><ref name="dulac_1920_film"/>
+
+[[Natassia Malthe]] stars as "The Lady" in Hidetoshi Oneda 2005 fantasy short of the same title.
+
+[[Ben Whishaw]] recites the poem in the 2009 Keats biopic ''[[Bright Star (film)|Bright Star]]''.
===Books ===
The poem is mentioned in the story entitled "The case of Three Gables" from the 1893 book ''[[The Memoirs of Sherlock Holmes]]'' by Sir [[Arthur Conan Doyle]]. In it Holmes compares and matches the character sketch of Isadora Klein with La Belle Dame sans Merci.<ref name="doyle_1893_sherlock" />
The last two lines of the first verse ("The sedge has withered from the lake/And no birds sing") were used as an epigraph for [[Rachel Carson]]'s book ''[[Silent Spring]]'' (1962), about the environmental damage caused by the irresponsible use of pesticides. The second line was repeated later in the book, as the title of a chapter about their specific effects on birds.<ref name="carson_2002_silentspring" />
-The last two lines of the 11th verse are used as the title of a science fiction short story, "And I awoke and found me here on the cold hill's side" (1973) by [[James Tiptree, Jr.]].<ref name="tiptree_1973" />
+The last two lines of the 11th verse are used as the title of a science fiction short story, "And I awoke and found me here on the cold hill's side" (1973) by [[James Tiptree Jr.]]<ref name="tiptree_1973" />
[[Roger Zelazny]]'s ''Amber Chronicles'' refer to the poem in Chapter Five of ''The Courts of Chaos'' (1978) wherein the protagonist journeys to a land that resembles the poem.<ref name="zelazny_1978_chaos" />
The Beldam in Neil Gaiman's 2002 horror-fantasy novel ''[[Coraline]]'' references the mysterious woman who is also known as Belle Dame. Both share many similarities as both lure their protagonists into their lair by showing their love towards them and giving them treats to enjoy. The protagonists in both stories also encounter the ghosts who have previously met both women and warn the protagonist about their true colours and at the end of the story, the protagonist is stuck in their lair, with the exception of Coraline who managed to escape while the unnamed knight in this poem is still stuck in the mysterious fairy's lair.<ref name="gaiman_2002_coraline" />
-[[L. A. Meyer]]'s ''Bloody Jack'' series (2002-2014) features a take on La Belle Dame sans Merci, adapted to reflect the protagonists age. Mary "Jacky" Faber became known as "La belle jeune fille sans merci".<!-- reference needed-->
+[[L. A. Meyer]]'s ''Bloody Jack'' series (2002–2014) features a take on La Belle Dame sans Merci, adapted to reflect the protagonists age. Mary "Jacky" Faber became known as "La belle jeune fille sans merci".<!-- reference needed-->
In ''Hunting Ground'' (2009) by [[Patricia Briggs]], La Belle Dame sans Merci is identified as The Lady of the Lake and is a hidden antagonist.<ref name="briggs_2009_hunting" />
[[Cassandra Clare]]'s 2016 collection of novellas ''[[Tales From the Shadowhunter Academy]]'' includes a novella titled Pale Kings and Princes, named after the line "I saw pale kings and princes too/Pale warriors, death-pale were they all". Three of the poem's stanzas are also excerpted in the story.<ref name="clare_2016_shadowhunter" />
-The last two lines of the first verse ("The sedge has withered from the lake/And no birds sing") are used in the text of the 2019 Nebula award-winning science fiction story "This Is How You Lose The Time War" by Amal El-Mohtar and Max Gladstone (2019)<ref>"This Is How You Lose The Time War" by Amal El-Mohtar and Max Gladstone (Saga books, 2019)</ref>
+The last two lines of the first verse ("The sedge has withered from the lake/And no birds sing") are used in the text of the 2019 Nebula award-winning science fiction story ''[[This Is How You Lose the Time War]]'' by Amal El-Mohtar and Max Gladstone (2019).<ref>"This Is How You Lose The Time War" by Amal El-Mohtar and Max Gladstone (Saga books, 2019)</ref>
===Television===
{{Expand section | date = November 2018}}
-''[[Rosemary & Thyme]]'' - Season 1, Episode 1<ref name="rosemary_20030831" />
+''[[Rosemary & Thyme]]'' – Season 1, Episode 1<ref name="rosemary_20030831" />
+
+[[Californication (TV series)|''Californication'']] – Season 1, Episode 5<ref name="californ_20070910" />
+
+''[[Downton Abbey]]'' – Season 6, Episode 5<ref name="abbey_20151018" />
-[[Californication (TV series)|''Californication'']] - Season 1, Episode 5<ref name="californ_20070910" />
+''[[Victoria (UK TV series)|Victoria]]'' – Season 2, Episode 3<ref name="victoria_20170910" />
-''[[Downton Abbey]]'' - Season 6, Episode 5<ref name="abbey_20151018" />
+The theme of a woman seducing men to keep herself immortal is in ''The Twilight Zone'' series episode "[[Queen of the Nile (The Twilight Zone)|Queen of the Nile]]".
-''[[Victoria (UK TV series)|Victoria]]'' - Season 2, Episode 3<ref name="victoria_20170910" />
+It has also been suggested that there is a strong similarity with the plot of Monty Python's [[Seduced Milkmen]] sketch.
===Other===
In a March 2017 interview with ''[[The Quietus]]'' the English songwriter and musician [[John Lydon]] cited the poem as a favourite.<ref name="quietus_20170321_interview-fb" />
-In the popular trading card game, ''Magic the Gathering'', the card 'Merieke Ri Berit' is modeled after this poem.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Merieke Ri Berit|url=https://mtg.gamepedia.com/Merieke_Ri_Berit|access-date=2020-06-12|website=MTG Wiki|language=en}}</ref>
+In the popular trading card game, ''Magic the Gathering'', the card "Merieke Ri Berit" is modeled after this poem.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Merieke Ri Berit|url=https://mtg.gamepedia.com/Merieke_Ri_Berit|access-date=2020-06-12|website=MTG Wiki|language=en}}</ref>
==References==
{{Reflist|refs=
| date = 1915-04-12
| title = The Poet of the Peaks
| medium = motion picture
-| language = English
+| language = en
| time = <!-- Insert relevant hh:mm time in movie referencing poem.-->
| location = USA
| publisher = Mutual Film
| oclc =<!-- None found-->
}}</ref>
-<ref name="selick_2009_coraline">{{cite AV media
-| people = Henry Selick (Director)
-| date = 2009
-| title = Coraline
-| medium = motion picture
-| language = English
-| location = USA
-| publisher = Focus Features
-| oclc = 895036872
-}}</ref>
-
<ref name="mckennitt_2018_lost">{{cite AV media
| people = McKennitt, Loreena (Artist)
| date = 2018
| date = 2007-09-10
| season = 1
| number = 5
- | language = English
+ | language = en
| oclc = 941908978
}}</ref>
| date = 2003-08-31
| season = 1
| number = 1
- | language = English
+ | language = en
| oclc = 1040647468
}}</ref>
| date = 2015-10-18
| season = 6
| number = 5
- | language = English
+ | language = en
| oclc = 932137942
}}</ref>
| date = 2017-09-10
| season = 2
| number = 3
- | language = English
+ | language = en
| oclc = 1026276682
}}</ref>
| oclc = 11128824
}}</ref>
-<ref name=" Oxford_English_Verse">{{cite book
+<ref name="Oxford_English_Verse">{{cite book
| title = Oxford Book of English Verse 1250-1900
| url = https://www.bartleby.com/101/633.html
| last = Keats
| date = 1919
| location = Oxford
| publisher = Clarendon Press
-| pages = https://www.bartleby.com/101/633.html
+| via = [[Bartleby.com]]
| oclc = 1171806391
}}</ref>
}}</ref>
<ref name="punch_1920_drawing">{{Citation
-| author =
-| first =
| date = 1920-12-01
| title = LA BELLE DAME SANS MERCI
| publisher = [[Punch (magazine)|Punch]]
| date = 2003
| title = [[Murder in Mesopotamia]] : A BBC Radio 4 full-cast dramatisation
| medium = audio compact disc
-| language = English
+| language = en
| time = 01:16:55 <!--See also 00:20:03-->
| location = Bath
| publisher = BBC Audiobooks
| quote = But Mrs. Leidner was something out of the ordinary in that line. She'd got just that sort of calamitous magic that plays the deuce with things - a kind of Belle Dame sans Merci.
}}</ref>
+<ref name="pau_20190516_chinchestereffigies">{{cite web
+| title = Old sketches, maps and gothic effigies unlock secrets of John Keats's famous poem 'La Belle Dame Sans Merci'
+| publisher = Aberystwyth University
+| date = 16 May 2019
+| url = https://www.aber.ac.uk/en/news/archive/2019/05/title-223178-en.html?bblinkid=160156052&bbemailid=13965598&bbejrid=1065862831
+| access-date = 25 December 2019
+| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20220718041655/https://www.aber.ac.uk/en/news/archive/2019/05/title-223178-en.html
+| archive-date = 18 July 2022
+| url-status = live
+}}</ref>
+
+<ref name="marggraf_20190716_chinchester">{{cite web
+| first = Richard
+| last = Marggraf Turley
+| author-link = Richard Marggraf Turley
+| title = How a stone knight inspired two very different visions of love from John Keats and Philip Larkin
+| publisher = The Conversation
+| date = 16 July 2019
+| url = https://theconversation.com/how-a-stone-knight-inspired-two-very-different-visions-of-love-from-john-keats-and-philip-larkin-120377
+| access-date = 25 December 2019
+| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20220507202804/https://theconversation.com/how-a-stone-knight-inspired-two-very-different-visions-of-love-from-john-keats-and-philip-larkin-120377
+| archive-date = 7 May 2022
+| url-status = live
+}}</ref>
+
+<ref name="hyperion_2022_commerciallistingspromo">{{Cite web
+| url = https://www.hyperion-records.co.uk/tw.asp?w=W6062
+| title = La belle dame sans merci - Hyperion Records - CDs, MP3 and Lossless downloads
+| website = www.hyperion-records.co.uk
+| access-date = 8 April 2019
+| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20220507202804/https://www.hyperion-records.co.uk/tw.asp?w=W6062
+| archive-date = 7 May 2022
+| url-status = live
+}}</ref>
+
+<ref name="icr_20200829_filmdulac">{{cite web
+| url = https://festival.ilcinemaritrovato.it/en/proiezione/la-belle-dame-sans-merci/
+| title = La Belle Dame sans Merci
+| website = Il Cinema Ritrovato]
+| access-date = 18 July 2022
+| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20210506003403/https://festival.ilcinemaritrovato.it/en/proiezione/la-belle-dame-sans-merci/
+| archive-date = 6 May 2021
+| url-status = live
+}}</ref>
+
+<ref name="dulac_1920_film">{{cite AV media
+| title = La Belle Dame sans merci
+| people = Dulac, Germaine (director)
+| date = 1920
+| oclc = 691529310
+}}</ref>
+
}}
== External links ==
{{Wikisource|La Belle Dame sans Merci}}
+* {{StandardEbooks|Standard Ebooks URL=https://standardebooks.org/ebooks/john-keats/poetry|Display Name=An omnibus collection of Keats' poetry|noitalics=true}}
{{John Keats}}
+{{Authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Belle Dame Sans Merci, La}}
[[Category:1819 poems]]
'''National Friendly''' is the trading name of National Deposit Friendly Society, a British [[friendly society]] providing financial products and services.
It was formed in 1868 as the Surrey Deposit Friendly Society. {{As of|2021|post=,}} National Friendly is based in [[Queen Square, Bristol]].<ref name="csb_promosignmaker"/><ref name="nf_homepage"/>
+
== History ==
-The Surrey Deposit Friendly Society was founded in 1868 by The Reverend Canon George Raymond Portal, who set up a scheme to support the health and welfare of families. The name was changed to National Deposit Friendly Society in 1871.
+{{Advert section|date=July 2022|2=Most content is from self-promotional material published by the National Friendly.}}
+
+The Society was founded in 1868 by the Rev. George Raymond Portal to provide sickness cover for the poor. Portal was born in 1827 and educated at Rugby School where he was friendly with [[Thomas Hughes]] (Tom Brown's Schooldays) and [[Charles L Dodgson]] (Lewis Carroll). After ordination, Portal worked in London where his exposure to the appalling level of poverty was the impetus for the establishment of the friendly society. In 1858 Portal was appointed Rector of Albury, near [[Guildford]]; ten years later he started the Surrey County Deposit Benefit Club.<ref name=Roper>Roper and Harrison, ''The First Hundred Years 1868-1968'',</ref>
-The [[National Insurance Act 1911|National Insurance Act]] was introduced in 1911 and passed in 1913<ref name="bma_1913_act1911passed"/>. This was the first time the State took contributions from the public towards medical care.<ref name="sc_insuranceact"/> Friendly societies and trade unions were given a major role in administering health insurance, which increased National Friendly’s membership.<ref name="cordery_2003_friendlysocieties"/><ref name="beveridge_2015_voluntaryaction"/>
+The deposit system was the idea of Rev. Samuel Best, Rector of [[Abbots Ann]] in [[Andover, Hampshire|Andover]]. In essence, the deposit principle was that part of the contribution was for the benefit of the individual, and part for the common pool. Portal's Society was unusual in that it admitted women and children, By the end of 1869 the Society had around 200 members and was beginning to spread into the surrounding villages and then [[Guildford]] where it had a small office with a general secretary. In 1871, Portal was appointed to the living of Burghclere in [[Hampshire]] at the instigation of his friend [[Henry Herbert, 4th Earl of Carnarvon|Lord Caernarvon]].<ref name=Roper/>
-During [[World War I]], National Friendly established its own convalescent home, which offered support to injured soldiers.<ref name="smh_2020_portalhouse"/>
+Whether or not it was co-incidental, Portal's move marked a radical change in the scale of the Society. He proposed a move into other counties and to facilitate that, a new organisational structure was established and the name changed to the ambitious National Deposit Friendly Society. The first moves were into [[Berkshire]] and [[Hampshire]]. George Portal died in 1889, with the National Deposit's membership approaching 7,000; in 1897 London became the new headquarters. Two years later there were 36,000 members and by 1930, the membership reached one million.<ref name=Roper/>
-During [[World War II]], National Friendly moved to [[Somerset]]{{Citation needed|date=July 2021}}. Provision of medical services was changed when the NHS was formed in 1948.<ref name="nfs_2018_promovideo150years"/>
+By providing state benefits, the 1911 National Insurance Act had the potential to threaten the voluntary principle of the voluntary system. However, the administrative systems of the friendly societies were necessary to implement the State scheme and the National Deposit was the first friendly society to become an approved administrator under the act; in the event, membership increased.<ref name=Roper/><ref name="bma_1913_act1911passed"/><ref name="sc_insuranceact"/><ref name="cordery_2003_friendlysocieties"/><ref name="beveridge_2015_voluntaryaction"/> At the end of [[World War I]], National Deposit established its own convalescent home, which offered support to injured soldiers.<ref name="smh_2020_portalhouse"/><ref name=national>{{Cite web|url=https://nationalfriendly.co.uk/about-us/|title = About us - National Friendly}}</ref> The establishment of the [[National Health Service]] posed similar threats and in 1949 the National Deposit lost 278,000 members. The Society responded by issuing a range of new policies during the 1950s and 1960s, such as variations in the length of sickness cover. In 1982 the Society moved to Bristol.<ref name=national/>
In 2011, National Friendly stopped writing new health insurance policies due to capital inadequacy issues. It resumed such activity in 2016.<ref name="fta_20160620_natfriendreturn"/>
|url-status = live
}}</ref>
-
<ref name="bma_1913_act1911passed">{{cite journal
|last1 = BMA
|author-link = British Medical Association
|isbn = 9781317572992
}}</ref>
-
<ref name="smh_2020_portalhouse">{{cite web
|url = http://catalogue.stmargaretshistory.org.uk/collections/show/78
|website = St. Margaret's Village Archive
|url-status = dead
}}</ref>
-<ref name="nfs_2018_promovideo150years">{{cite AV media
+<!-- <ref name="nfs_2018_promovideo150years">{{cite AV media
|url = https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-Nc89BaPe3o
|title = National Friendly - 150 Years Together
|type = Motion picture
|date = 20 April 2018
- |website = [[Youtube]]
+ |website = [[YouTube]]
|time = 0m52s
-}}</ref>
+}}</ref> -->
<ref name="csb_promosignmaker">{{cite web
|url = http://www.capitolsignsbristol.co.uk/europes-largest-georgian-square-becomes-new-home-for-national-friendly/
- |title = Europe’s largest Georgian Square becomes new home for National Friendly
+ |title = Europe's largest Georgian Square becomes new home for National Friendly
|website = capitolsignsbristol.co.uk
+ |date = 2 August 2019
|access-date = 16 July 2021
|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200928035944/https://capitolsignsbristol.co.uk/europes-largest-georgian-square-becomes-new-home-for-national-friendly/
|archive-date = 28 September 2020
}}
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[[Category:Financial services companies established in 1868]]
[[Category:Friendly societies of the United Kingdom]]
[[Category:Organisations based in Bristol]]
projects / BK-2020-09.git / commitdiff