-{{good article}}
{{short description|Arson attack in Kyoto, Japan}}
+{{good article}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2020}}
{{Infobox civilian attack
-| title = Kyoto Animation arson attack
-| native_name = 京都アニメーション放火殺人事件
+| title = Kyoto Animation arson attack
+| native_name = 京都アニメーション放火殺人事件
| native_name_lang = ja
-| partof =
-| image = Kyoto animation arson attack 1 20190721.jpg
-| image_size = 260px
-| image_upright =
-| alt =
-| caption = Kyoto Animation's Studio 1 after the arson attack
-| map = {{Infobox mapframe|frame-width=|zoom=4}}{{Infobox mapframe|frame-width=|zoom=9}}
-| map_size =
-| map_alt =41
-| map_caption =
-| location = 15-1 Inaba, Momoyama-chō, [[Fushimi-ku, Kyoto|Fushimi]], [[Kyoto]], [[Japan]]
-| target = [[Kyoto Animation]] Studio 1
-| coordinates = {{coord|34|55|59.0|N|135|47|34.6|E|type:event_region:JP-27|display=inline,title}}
-| date = {{start date|2019|07|18|df=y}}
-| time = 10:31 a.m. [[Japan Standard Time|JST]] ([[UTC+09:00]])
-| timezone =
-| type = [[Arson]]
-| fatalities = 36
-| injuries = 34 (including the suspect) <!-- Don't edit this number unless the fatalities increase! -->
-| victims = <!-- or | victim = -->
-| perpetrators = <!--Per WP:CRIME please do not include this info until the suspect is found guilty-->
-| assailants = <!-- or | assailant = -->
-| weapon = [[Gasoline]] (40 {{tooltip|L|Liters}}), [[lighter]], five knives, [[hammer]]
-| numparts = <!-- or | numpart = -->
-| dfens = <!-- or | dfen = -->
-| motive = Revenge over supposed [[Plagiarism|plagiarism]]; [[mental disorder|mental illness]]
-| inquiry =
-| coroner =
-| accused = Shinji Aoba
-| convicted =
-| verdict =
-| convictions =
-| charges =
-| litigation =
-| website = <!-- {{URL|example.com}} -->
-| module =
+| partof =
+| image = Kyoto animation arson attack 1 20190721.jpg
+| image_size = 260px
+| image_upright =
+| alt =
+| caption = Kyoto Animation's Studio 1 after the arson attack
+| map = {{Infobox mapframe|frame-width=|zoom=4}}{{Infobox mapframe|frame-width=|zoom=9}}
+| map_size =
+| map_alt = 41
+| map_caption =
+| location = 15-1 Inaba, Momoyama-chō, [[Fushimi-ku, Kyoto|Fushimi]], [[Kyoto]], [[Japan]]
+| target = [[Kyoto Animation]] Studio 1
+| coordinates = {{coord|34|55|59.0|N|135|47|34.6|E|type:event_region:JP-27|display=inline,title}}
+| date = {{start date|2019|07|18|df=y}}
+| time = 10:31 a.m. [[Japan Standard Time|JST]] ([[UTC+09:00]])
+| timezone =
+| type = [[Arson]]
+| fatalities = 36
+| injuries = 34 (including the suspect) <!-- Don't edit this number unless the fatalities increase! -->
+| victims = <!-- or | victim = -->
+| perpetrators = <!--Per WP:CRIME please do not include this info until the suspect is found guilty-->
+| assailants = <!-- or | assailant = -->
+| weapon = [[Gasoline]] (40 {{tooltip|L|Liters}}), [[lighter]], five knives, [[hammer]]
+| numparts = <!-- or | numpart = -->
+| dfens = <!-- or | dfen = -->
+| motive = Revenge supposedly tied to [[plagiarism]]; [[mental disorder|mental illness]]
+| inquiry =
+| coroner =
+| accused = Shinji Aoba
+| convicted =
+| verdict =
+| convictions =
+| charges =
+| litigation =
+| website = <!-- {{URL|example.com}} -->
+| module =
}}
-The {{Nihongo|'''Kyoto Animation arson attack'''|京都アニメーション放火殺人事件|Kyōto Animēshon hōka satsujin jiken|lead=yes}}{{efn|{{lit}} "Kyoto Animation arson murder case"}} occurred at [[Kyoto Animation]]'s Studio 1 building in the [[Fushimi-ku, Kyoto|Fushimi]] ward of [[Kyoto]], Japan, on the morning of 18 July 2019. The [[arson]] killed at least 36 people, injured an additional 33, and destroyed most of the materials and computers in Studio 1. It is one of the [[List of massacres in Japan|deadliest massacres in Japan]] since the end of [[World War II]] and the deadliest building fire in Japan since the 2001 [[Myojo 56 building fire]].
+The {{Nihongo|'''Kyoto Animation arson attack'''|京都アニメーション放火殺人事件|Kyōto Animēshon hōka satsujin jiken|lead=yes}}{{efn|{{lit}} "Kyoto Animation arson murder case"}} occurred at [[Kyoto Animation]]'s Studio 1 building in the [[Fushimi-ku, Kyoto|Fushimi]] ward of [[Kyoto]], Japan, on the morning of Thursday, 18 July 2019. The [[arson]] killed at least 36 people, injured an additional 33, and destroyed most of the materials and computers in Studio 1. It is one of the [[List of massacres in Japan|deadliest massacres in Japan]] since the end of [[World War II]], the deadliest building fire in Japan since the 2001 [[Myojo 56 building fire]], and the first massacre ever to have occurred at a studio associated with an entertainment company.
-The suspect, who did not work for the studio, entered the front door carrying about {{Convert|40|L||abbr=}} of [[gasoline]] and doused the area and several employees before igniting it. After setting himself on fire while lighting the fuel, the suspect attempted to flee, but was apprehended by police about {{convert|100|m|ft}} from the building. Witnesses stated they heard him accusing the studio of [[plagiarism]]. After awaiting his recovery from life-threatening burns for more than ten months, the police arrested 42-year-old Shinji Aoba on suspicion of murder and other offenses on 27 May 2020,<ref name="nikkei_20200527_suspectarrest"/> and was formally indicted on 16 December 2020.
+The suspect, who did not work for the studio, entered the front door carrying about {{Convert|40|L||abbr=}} of [[gasoline]] and doused the area and several employees before igniting it. After setting himself on fire while lighting the fuel, the suspect attempted to flee, but was apprehended by police about {{convert|100|m|ft}} from the building. Witnesses stated they heard him accusing the studio of [[plagiarism]]. After awaiting his recovery from life-threatening burns for more than ten months, the police arrested 42-year-old Shinji Aoba on suspicion of murder and other offenses on 27 May 2020,<ref name="nikkei_20200527_suspectarrest"/> and he was formally indicted on 16 December 2020.
In addition to condolences and messages of support from world and national leaders, fans and businesses raised over ¥3.3 billion in Japan and over US$2.3 million internationally to help the studio and its employees recover. As a result of the incident, some works and collaborations by the studio were delayed, and several events were cancelled or suspended.
==Incident==
The fire began with an explosion<ref name="jiji_20190718_explosion"/> at around 10:31 a.m.<ref name="fdma_20190718_officalreport"/><ref name="bbc_20190718_arson"/> (01:31 [[UTC]]) when the perpetrator walked into Studio 1 and set the building on fire with {{Convert|40|L||abbr=}} of gasoline.<ref name="nyt_20190717_arson" /><ref name="independent_20190718_arson"/> The perpetrator bought the gasoline {{Convert|10|km|mi|abbr=on}} away from the building, and it was believed that he walked to the building with the gasoline being carried on a platform trolley.<ref name="jt_20190730_daysbefore"/> The police believed that the gasoline planted on site mixed with the air, causing the explosion at the start.<ref name="ks_20190719_arson" /> He is reported to have been shouting {{Nihongo|"die!"|[[wikt:死ね|死ね]]|shi-ne|lead=yes}} as he carried out the attack. The perpetrator also poured gasoline over some individuals before setting them alight—setting himself on fire in the process—causing them to run out into the street in flames.<ref name="nyt_20190717_arson" /><ref name="kyotoshimbun_20190718_fire"/><ref name="deadline_201907_suspectmotives"/>
-As the fire grew by the entrance, staff members were trapped inside the building. 20 bodies were found on the stairs from the third floor to the roof, evidently indicating that the victims were attempting to escape.<ref name="asahi_20200119_report"/> Dr. Tomoaki Nishino, Associate Professor at Disaster Prevention Research Institute of [[Kyoto University]], estimated that second and third floors were almost filled with smoke within 30 seconds of the explosion.<ref name="dpri_20190802_analysis"/> The perpetrator fled the scene but was chased by two Kyoto Animation employees and soon collapsed on the street, where he was apprehended by police.<ref name="sankei_20190718_shine" /><ref name="hr_20191220_interview"/> Multiple unused knives were found lying by the scene.<ref name="nhk_20190718_knives" />
+As the fire grew by the entrance, staff members were trapped inside the building. 20 bodies were found on the stairs from the third floor to the roof, evidently indicating that the victims were attempting to escape.<ref name="asahi_20200119_report"/> Dr. Tomoaki Nishino, Associate Professor at Disaster Prevention Research Institute of [[Kyoto University]], estimated that the second and third floors were almost filled with smoke within 30 seconds of the explosion.<ref name="dpri_20190802_analysis"/> The perpetrator fled the scene but was chased by two Kyoto Animation employees and soon collapsed on the street, where he was apprehended by police.<ref name="sankei_20190718_shine" /><ref name="hr_20191220_interview"/> Multiple unused knives were found lying by the scene.<ref name="nhk_20190718_knives" />
The fire was under control at 3:19 p.m. (06:19 UTC), and extinguished at 6:20 a.m. on the next day (21:20 UTC).<ref name="fdma_20190718_officalreport"/> Once the rescue efforts had ended, it was confirmed that all people in the studio had been accounted for.<ref name="nhk_20190718_arsonrescue"/> The building did not have [[fire sprinkler]]s or indoor fire hydrants, due to its classification as a small office building,<ref name="st_20190719_bldgfiresafety"/> but had no deficiencies in fire safety compliance during its last inspection on 17 October 2018.<ref name="fdma_20190718_officalreport"/> Initial reports claimed the studio's entrance required employee pass-cards, but the door was left unlocked as the studio was expecting visitors.<ref name="mainichi_20190718_arson"/><ref name="livedoor_20190721_doorlock"/> However, this was inaccurate: there was no security system in place and the door was always left unlocked during business hours.<ref name="nhk_20190723_door"/><ref name="sankei_20190731_witness"/>
It is reported to be one of the [[List of massacres in Japan|deadliest massacres]] in Japan's history since the end of [[World War II]]<ref name="guardian_20190718_arson"/> and the deadliest building fire in the country since the [[Myojo 56 building fire]] in 2001.<ref name="cnbc_20190719_arson"/><ref name="complex_20190718_joeprice"/> It was considered "suicidal terrorism" by one criminology professor at [[Rissho University]], as the attack was reportedly intended to be a suicide mission by the suspect.<ref name="ctvnews_20190719_suicidalterrorism"/>
==Victims==
-There were 70 people inside the building at the time of the fire.<ref name="asahi_20200119_report"/> Initially it was reported that 34 people had been killed before two more later died at a hospital.{{efn|name=Victims|Many sources reported on the number of victims.<ref name="ks_20190719_arson"/><ref name="nhk_20190719_deathcount"/><ref name="asahi_20190719_count" /><ref name="nhk_20190718_death"/><ref name="asahi_20190719_deathtoll" /><ref name="sky_20190718_arson"/><ref name="livedoor_20190727_deathcount"/><ref name="jt_20191005_deathtoll36"/>}} Some victims were difficult to identify, according to the Kyoto police, because they had been burned beyond recognition.<ref name="nytimes_20190720_bodyidentify"/> Autopsy results released on 22 July 2019 revealed that a majority of victims had succumbed to burns (rather than [[carbon monoxide poisoning]]) due to the quick spreading fire.<ref name="cna_20190722_death"/><ref name="jt_20190722_autopsies"/> DNA testing was done to aid in identifications, which lasted up to a week after the arson attack.<ref name="nhk_20190720_dna"/> It was reported that two-thirds of the victims (at least 20) were women, as the studio was known for hiring female animators.<ref name="nyt_20190719_women"/> The president of Kyoto Animation asked the media through the police not to release the names of the victims out of respect for their families, stating that "releasing their names does nothing to serve the public good."<ref name="reuters_20190721_reasons"/> On 25 July, the Kyoto police said they had identified all 34 victims and had started to return the bodies of the victims to their relatives.
+There were 70 people inside the building at the time of the fire.<ref name="asahi_20200119_report"/> Initially it was reported that 34 people had been killed before two more later died at a hospital.{{efn|name=Victims|Many sources reported on the number of victims.<ref name="ks_20190719_arson"/><ref name="nhk_20190719_deathcount"/><ref name="asahi_20190719_count" /><ref name="nhk_20190718_death"/><ref name="asahi_20190719_deathtoll" /><ref name="sky_20190718_arson"/><ref name="livedoor_20190727_deathcount"/><ref name="jt_20191005_deathtoll36"/>}} Some victims were difficult to identify, according to the Kyoto police, because they had been burned beyond recognition.<ref name="nytimes_20190720_bodyidentify"/> Autopsy results released on 22 July 2019 revealed that a majority of victims had succumbed to burns (rather than [[carbon monoxide poisoning]]) due to the quick-spreading fire.<ref name="cna_20190722_death"/><ref name="jt_20190722_autopsies"/> DNA testing was done to aid in identifications, which lasted up to a week after the arson attack.<ref name="nhk_20190720_dna"/> It was reported that two-thirds of the victims (at least 20) were women, as the studio was known for hiring female animators.<ref name="nyt_20190719_women"/> The president of Kyoto Animation asked the media through the police not to release the names of the victims out of respect for their families, stating that "releasing their names does nothing to serve the public good."<ref name="reuters_20190721_reasons"/> On 25 July, the Kyoto police said they had identified all 34 victims and had started to return the bodies of the victims to their relatives.
Meanwhile, discussions were ongoing with Kyoto Animation on if, when, and how to reveal the identities of the deceased.<ref name="nippon_20190725_victimid"/> Some of the families released their own findings early to the media regarding the status of their loved ones. The family of color designer [[Naomi Ishida]] confirmed her death on 24 July.<ref name="mainichi_20190724_status"/> Animator, scriptwriter, and director [[Yasuhiro Takemoto]] was confirmed dead by his family through DNA testing on 26 July.<ref name="nikkei_20190726_status"/><ref name="kobe_20190724_status"/> The first post-fire death occurred on 27 July which brought the number of deceased to 35.<ref name="livedoor_20190727_deathcount"/> On 2 August, the Kyoto Police released the names of ten victims (including the people already mentioned) whose funerals had finished and relatives' consents obtained, and it was confirmed on the same day that animation directors [[Yoshiji Kigami]] and [[Futoshi Nishiya]] were among the dead.<ref name="kyotoshimbun_20190802_casualtylist"/><ref name="variety_20190803_yasuhiro"/> The remaining 25 victims were officially revealed on 27 August as the social impact of the case became a factor.<ref name="jt_20190828_victims"/><ref name="nhk_20190827_victims" /> On 4 October 2019, it was announced that one woman died from [[septic shock]], bringing the death toll to 36.{{efn|name=Injured}} <!--UNREFERENCED OR POORLY REFERENCED ADDED MATERIAL WILL BE REMOVED ASAP--><!-- Do not list the victims names here unless they are already notable as per [[WP: WP:NOTMEMORIAL]]. For extended POV on this policy, see [[Wikipedia:Victim_lists]]. -->
<!--Note: Please use "suspect" (found in most sources) instead of "perpetrator" (word not used in sources, prob. because requires legal conviction).-->
{{Nihongo|'''Shinji Aoba'''|青葉 真司|Aoba Shinji|lead=yes}}, a 41-year-old man, was identified as the suspect by police and a warrant was quickly issued for his arrest.<ref name="ap_20190720_name"/><ref name="nhk_20190720_aoba1"/>
-According to locals, a man who resembled Aoba was spotted near the studio days before the incident.<ref name="bbc_20190720_daysbefore"/><ref name="kyodo_20190726_photo"/><ref name="guardian_20190729_daysbefore"/> He was also reported to have visited several places of interest related to ''[[Sound! Euphonium]]'' around the city in days prior to the attack.<ref name="guardian_20190729_daysbefore"/><ref name="jt_20190730_daysbefore" /> Following the attack, Aoba fled the scene after being chased by employees of the studio but was apprehended by the Kyoto Prefectural Police near [[Rokujizō Station]] of [[Keihan Electric Railway]], about {{convert|100|m|ft}} from the studio;<ref name="asahi_20190720_arrest"/> Aoba was then taken to a hospital with severe burns to the legs, chest, and face.<ref name="mainichi_20190718_arson"/><ref name="nhk_20190718_arsonrescue"/> During his transport to the hospital, he admitted to having started the fire,<ref name="ann_20190717_fire"/> possibly for revenge,<ref name="variety_20190719_motive"/> accusing the studio of {{Nihongo|"ripping off" or "[[Plagiarism|plagiarising]]"|[[wikt:パクる|パクリ]] [[wikt:やがる|やがって]]|pakuri yagatte|lead=yes}} his novels.{{efn|name=Plagiarism|Plagiarism reports from many sources.<ref name="sankei_20190718_shine" /><ref name="cnbc_20190719_arson"/><ref name="chunichi_20190718_arson"/><ref name="asahi_20190718_pakuri" /><ref name="express_20190718_fundraiser" /><ref name="mainichi_20190719_motive" />}} In spite of this, Hatta had initially stated that there is no record of anyone submitting work to their annual writing contest under his name.<ref name="ann_20190720_presresponse"/> Subsequently, Kyoto Animation revealed that they had received a draft novel from the suspect; however, it did not pass the first-stage assessment and was forgotten, and its contents were confirmed to have no similarities to any of their published works.<ref name="jt_20190731_suspectnovel"/><ref name="hr_20190730_suspectnovel"/> It was later revealed that Aoba believed that several scenes in ''[[Tsurune]]'' were similar to those in the novel he submitted.<ref>{{cite web |title=Kyoto Animation studio marks 1st anniversary of deadly arson attack |url=https://english.kyodonews.net/news/2020/07/9fca48bb3ad0-kyoto-animation-studio-marks-1st-anniversary-of-deadly-arson-attack.html |website=Kyodo News |accessdate=4 October 2020}}</ref>
+According to locals, a man who resembled Aoba was spotted near the studio days before the incident.<ref name="bbc_20190720_daysbefore"/><ref name="kyodo_20190726_photo"/><ref name="guardian_20190729_daysbefore"/> He was also reported to have visited several places of interest related to ''[[Sound! Euphonium]]'' around the city in days prior to the attack.<ref name="guardian_20190729_daysbefore"/><ref name="jt_20190730_daysbefore" /> Following the attack, Aoba fled the scene after being chased by employees of the studio but was apprehended by the Kyoto Prefectural Police near [[Rokujizō Station]] of [[Keihan Electric Railway]], about {{convert|100|m|ft}} from the studio;<ref name="asahi_20190720_arrest"/> Aoba was then taken to a hospital with severe burns to the legs, chest, and face.<ref name="mainichi_20190718_arson"/><ref name="nhk_20190718_arsonrescue"/>
+
+During his transport to the hospital, he admitted to having started the fire,<ref name="ann_20190717_fire"/> possibly for revenge,<ref name="variety_20190719_motive"/> accusing the studio of {{Nihongo|"ripping off" or "[[Plagiarism|plagiarising]]"|[[wikt:パクる|パクリ]] [[wikt:やがる|やがって]]|pakuri yagatte|lead=yes}} his novels.{{efn|name=Plagiarism|Plagiarism reports from many sources.<ref name="sankei_20190718_shine" /><ref name="cnbc_20190719_arson"/><ref name="chunichi_20190718_arson"/><ref name="asahi_20190718_pakuri" /><ref name="express_20190718_fundraiser" /><ref name="mainichi_20190719_motive" />}} In spite of this, Hatta had initially stated that there is no record of anyone submitting work to their annual writing contest under his name.<ref name="ann_20190720_presresponse"/> Subsequently, Kyoto Animation revealed that they had received a draft novel from the suspect; however, it did not pass the first-stage assessment and was forgotten, and its contents were confirmed to have no similarities to any of their published works.<ref name="jt_20190731_suspectnovel"/><ref name="hr_20190730_suspectnovel"/> It was later revealed that Aoba believed that a stereotypical scene in the fifth episode of ''[[Tsurune]]'' was similar to one in the novel he submitted.<ref>{{cite web |title=Kyoto Animation studio marks 1st anniversary of deadly arson attack |url=https://english.kyodonews.net/news/2020/07/9fca48bb3ad0-kyoto-animation-studio-marks-1st-anniversary-of-deadly-arson-attack.html |website=Kyodo News |access-date=4 October 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Baseel |first1=Casey |title=Kyoto Animation arsonist says which scene he feels copied his work and incited attack |url=https://soranews24.com/2021/01/08/kyoto-anime-arsonist-says-which-scene-he-feels-copied-his-work-and-incited-attack/ |website=SoraNews24 |access-date=10 January 2021}}</ref>
+
+Due to serious burns sustained during the incident, Aoba was transferred to a university hospital in [[Osaka]] for further treatment, where he received necessary [[skin graft]] surgery.<ref name="nhk_20190720_aoba1" /><ref name="nhk_20190720_aoba2" /> On 5 September 2019, it was reported that his injuries were no longer considered life-threatening,<ref name="fnnprime_20190905_suspectrecovery"/> but he was still being treated in an ICU and required [[respiratory assistance]] from a [[ventilator]].<ref name="ks_20190917"/> Aoba regained speech on 18 September and began rehabilitation by 8 October, being able to sit up on a wheelchair and hold short conversations. The police obtained a warrant for his arrest, but were required to await confirmation from doctors that Aoba could withstand confinement.<ref name="kyodo_20190918_speech"/><ref name="kyodo_20191008_rehab"/>
-Due to serious burns sustained during the incident, Aoba was transferred to a university hospital in [[Osaka]] for further treatment, where he received necessary [[skin graft]] surgery.<ref name="nhk_20190720_aoba1" /><ref name="nhk_20190720_aoba2" /> On 5 September 2019, it was reported that his injuries were no longer considered life-threatening,<ref name="fnnprime_20190905_suspectrecovery"/> but he was still being treated in an ICU and required [[respiratory assistance]] from a [[ventilator]].<ref name="ks_20190917"/> Aoba regained speech on 18 September and began rehabilitation by 8 October, being able to sit up on a wheelchair and hold short conversations. The police obtained a warrant for his arrest, but were required to await confirmation from doctors that Aoba could withstand confinement.<ref name="kyodo_20190918_speech"/><ref name="kyodo_20191008_rehab"/> On 14 November 2019, he was moved to another hospital in Kyoto City for final rehabilitation.<ref name="jiji_20191114_suspecthospitaltransfer"/> He recovered from most of his injuries and acknowledged responsibility for the attack. He expressed feelings of remorse and gratitude towards the hospital staff, who he said treated him better than anyone had ever done in his life.<ref name="ks_20191115_hospitalkindness"/> On the other hand, he told police that he lit the fire because Kyoto Animation had stolen his novel, and that he expected to get the death penalty.<ref name="jt_20191111_questioning"/> Most of Aoba's burned skin was replaced with experimental artificial skin as the victims were prioritized to receive donor human skin first.<ref name="sky_20191127_arsonskingraft"/><ref name="telegraph_20191127_experimentalskin"/> The use of artificial skin on such extensive burns is the first case in Japan.<ref name="sky_20191127_arsonskingraft" /><ref name="telegraph_20191127_experimentalskin"/> By January 2020, Aoba remained hospitalized, and was unable to stand or eat unassisted.<ref name="nhk_20200118_suspectstatus"/> On 27 May 2020, Aoba was judged to have sufficiently recovered from his burn injuries, and he was formally arrested on suspicion of murder and other charges.<ref name="reuters_20200527_suspectarrest"/><ref name="bbc_20200527_suspectcharged"/> He was indicted on 16 December 2020 on murder and other charges.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Multiple murder charges filed over 2019 arson attack on Kyoani|url=http://www.asahi.com/ajw/articles/14024516|access-date=2020-12-16|website=The Asahi Shimbun|language=en}}</ref>
-<ref>{{cite web|url=https://variety.com/2020/biz/asia/japan-police-murder-charges-kyoto-animation-arson-case-1234864902/|title=Japan Police File Murder Charges in Kyoto Animation Arson Case|publisher=Variety}}</ref>
+On 14 November 2019, he was moved to another hospital in Kyoto City for final rehabilitation.<ref name="jiji_20191114_suspecthospitaltransfer"/> He recovered from most of his injuries and acknowledged responsibility for the attack. He expressed feelings of remorse and gratitude towards the hospital staff, who he said treated him better than anyone had ever done in his life.<ref name="ks_20191115_hospitalkindness"/> On the other hand, he told police that he lit the fire because Kyoto Animation had stolen his novel, and that he expected to get the death penalty.<ref name="jt_20191111_questioning"/> Most of Aoba's burned skin was replaced with experimental artificial skin as the victims were prioritized to receive donor human skin first.<ref name="sky_20191127_arsonskingraft"/><ref name="telegraph_20191127_experimentalskin"/> The use of artificial skin on such extensive burns is the first case in Japan.<ref name="sky_20191127_arsonskingraft" /><ref name="telegraph_20191127_experimentalskin"/>
+
+By January 2020, Aoba remained hospitalized, and was unable to stand or eat unassisted.<ref name="nhk_20200118_suspectstatus"/> On 27 May 2020, Aoba was judged to have sufficiently recovered from his burn injuries, and he was formally arrested on suspicion of murder and other charges.<ref name="reuters_20200527_suspectarrest"/><ref name="bbc_20200527_suspectcharged"/> He was indicted on 16 December 2020 on murder and other charges.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Multiple murder charges filed over 2019 arson attack on Kyoani|url=http://www.asahi.com/ajw/articles/14024516|access-date=2020-12-16|website=The Asahi Shimbun|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://variety.com/2020/biz/asia/japan-police-murder-charges-kyoto-animation-arson-case-1234864902/|title=Japan Police File Murder Charges in Kyoto Animation Arson Case|publisher=Variety}}</ref>
Aoba had a prior [[criminal history]] and suffered from a [[mental illness]]. In 2012, he robbed a convenience store with a knife in [[Ibaraki Prefecture|Ibaraki]] and was subsequently jailed for three-and-a-half years.<ref name="docomo_20190718T1923+09_suspecthistory"/><ref name="cna_20190719_motive"/> Aoba's mental illness may reduce his maximum penalty for the attack from a [[Capital punishment in Japan|death sentence]] to life imprisonment.<ref name="japantoday_20190817_mentalillness"/>
== Aftermath ==
=== Measures to prevent recurrence ===
The [[Fire and Disaster Management Agency]] and the [[National Police Agency (Japan)|National Police Agency]] issued a notice on 25 July 2019, requiring gas stations to maintain sales records of people purchasing gasoline in refillable containers, which conform to fire safety regulations.<ref name="fdma_20190725_gasolinesaleregs"/> Each record is to contain the buyer's personal information such as name, address, the purpose of the purchase, and quantity purchased.<ref name="fdma_20190725_gasolinesaleregs"/> Although the notice had no legal backing, most buyers complied with this additional requirement voluntarily.<ref name="ks_20200131_gasolinesaleregs"/> This measure was formalised with the relevant regulations revised and enforced on 1 February 2020 to make the sales records mandatory.<ref name="ks_20200131_gasolinesaleregs" /><ref name="ann_20191027_gasolinesalelaw" /> Post incident, the Kyoto Municipal Fire Department formulated guidelines for evacuation in the event of arson or terrorism and encouraged the installation of evacuation ladders.<ref name="asahi_20191017_evacuationguidelines"/>
+As a result of the Kyoto Animation massacre, police in Japan are becoming more vigilant with each death threat directed at other companies (especially [[Khara (studio)|Khara]],<ref>{{Cite web|title=Man Arrested for Threatening Evangelion Studio Khara on Twitter|url=https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2019-10-16/man-arrested-for-threatening-evangelion-studio-khara-on-twitter/.152303|access-date=2021-01-05|website=Anime News Network|language=en}}</ref> [[Square Enix]],<ref>{{Cite web|date=2019-08-09|title=40-Year-Old Man Arrested For Threatening Square Enix With "A Repeat Of Kyoto Animation"|url=https://www.siliconera.com/40-year-old-man-arrested-for-threatening-square-enix-with-a-repeat-of-kyoto-animation/|access-date=2021-01-05|website=Siliconera|language=en-US}}</ref> [[Animate (retailer)|Animate]],<ref>{{Cite web|title=Angry anime shopper tells store employees to 'die' 3,852 times in death threat emails|url=https://japantoday.com/category/crime/angry-anime-shopper-tells-store-employees-to-%27die%27-3-852-times-in-death-threat-emails|access-date=2021-01-05|website=Japan Today|language=en}}</ref> and ''[[Clannad (visual novel)|Clannad]]'' developer company [[Key (company)|Key]],<ref>{{Cite web|date=2019-09-07|title=Man arrested for arson threats to Kyoto Animation-related video game company|url=https://soranews24.com/2019/09/08/man-arrested-for-arson-threats-to-kyoto-animation-related-video-game-company/|access-date=2021-01-05|website=SoraNews24 -Japan News-|language=en-US}}</ref> all of which alluded to the incident and also received similar Kyoto Animation-referenced death threats), were able to identify the source of the threats, and arrested anyone who sent the threats before any further massacres transpire at these companies.
+
==Reactions==
[[File:Kyoto animation arson attack 2 20190721.jpg|right|thumb|260px|The entrance to the studio after the arson attack. Bouquets and beverages are placed in memorial.]]
[[File:アニメイト秋葉原 京都アニメーション支援募金 (48333506016).jpg|thumb|260px|Donation box at [[Animate (retailer)|Animate]] [[Akihabara]].]]
[[File:The floral tributes at Rokujizo Station 2019-08-10(1) sa.jpg|thumb|right|260px|Flowers that have been installed in the field near the Rokujizō Station.]]
-Kyoto Animation accepted direct donations through a local bank account to help the victims of the attack from 23 July 2019 to 27 December 2019.<ref name="soranews_20190725_direct" /><ref name="mainichi_20190723_direct" /><ref name="soranews_20191223_donationclose"/> Eventually, the bank account had accumulated approximately {{JPY|3,300,000,000|2019}}.<ref name="reuters_20191227_donation"/> The donations included separate {{JPY|10,000,000|2019}} donations from Japanese musician [[Yoshiki (musician)|Yoshiki]] and game developer [[Key (company)|Key]].<ref name="japantoday_20190803_yoshiki" /><ref name="crunchyroll_20190810_donation" /><ref name="fromjapan_20190809_donation" /> It was estimated that the company would require as much as {{JPY|10,000,000,000|2019}} to cover the cost of supporting the victims and affected families and company-related business operating recovery expenses.<ref name="soranews_20190801_donations"/> As of November 2019, the company has begun the process of distributing the funds raised to the victims, with each victim receiving an appropriate amount after factoring various considerations such as severity of injuries, whether the victim is a sole breadwinner, etc.<ref name="soranews_20191115_donationdistro"/>
+Kyoto Animation accepted direct donations through a local bank account to help the victims of the attack from 23 July 2019 to 27 December 2019.<ref name="soranews_20190725_direct" /><ref name="mainichi_20190723_direct" /><ref name="soranews_20191223_donationclose"/> Eventually, the bank account had accumulated approximately {{JPY|3.3|2019}} billion.<ref name="reuters_20191227_donation" /> The donations included separate {{JPY|10|2019}} million donations from Japanese musician [[Yoshiki (musician)|Yoshiki]] and game developer [[Key (company)|Key]].<ref name="japantoday_20190803_yoshiki" /><ref name="crunchyroll_20190810_donation" /><ref name="fromjapan_20190809_donation" /> It was estimated that the company would require as much as {{JPY|10|2019}} billion to cover the cost of supporting the victims and affected families and company-related business operating recovery expenses.<ref name="soranews_20190801_donations"/> As of November 2019, the company has begun the process of distributing the funds raised to the victims, with each victim receiving an appropriate amount after factoring various considerations such as severity of injuries, whether the victim is a sole breadwinner, etc.<ref name="soranews_20191115_donationdistro"/>
===Domestic===
[[Prime Minister of Japan|Prime Minister]] [[Shinzo Abe]] expressed his condolences and stated that he was "speechless" at the scale of the incident.{{efn|name=Condolences}} A first in Japanese corporate history, a measure was passed in the [[National Diet]] to allow for donations to the studio to be tax-exempt.<ref name="hr_20191220_interview"/> The Chinese, French, Philippine, and Belgian embassies in Japan provided their own words of condolence.{{efn|name=Condolences}}
-Numerous people and organisations related to the industry expressed concern and support, such as anime directors [[Makoto Shinkai]] and Tatsuki, ''[[K-On!]]'' voice actress [[Aki Toyosaki]], ''[[Haruhi Suzumiya|The Melancholy of Haruhi Suzumiya]]'' voice actresses [[Aya Hirano]], [[Minori Chihara]], and [[Yūko Gotō]], ''[[Hyōka]]'' author [[Honobu Yonezawa]], ''[[Clannad (visual novel)|Clannad]]'' developer company [[Key (company)|Key]], and media company [[Kadokawa Corporation]].{{efn|name=Condolences|Condolences and support were expressed by many.<ref name="nyt_20190717_arson"/><ref name="ann_20190719_fanscomment"/><ref name="blog_20190720_yonezawa"/><ref name="key_20190719_condolence" /><ref name="kadokawa_20190721_condolences"/><ref name="ann_20190723_haruhicastcomment"/><ref name="twitter_20190719_shaft" /><ref name="sunrise_20190719_condolence"/><ref name="bnp_20190719_condolence"/><ref name="bones_20190720_condolence"/><ref name="khara_20190720_condolence"/><ref name="trigger_20190720_condolence" /><ref name="twitter_20190719_madhouse"/><ref name="twitter_20190720_disneyjp" /><ref name="kyodo_20190718_crowdfund"/><ref name="twitter_20190718_frenchembassy"/><ref name="embassyphil_20190719_condolence"/><ref name="un_20190719_condolence"/><ref name="guardian_20190719_condolencesum"/>}} Animation studios such as [[Shaft (company)|Shaft]], [[Sunrise (company)|Sunrise]], [[Bandai Namco Pictures]], [[Toei Animation]], [[Bones (studio)|Bones]], [[Khara (studio)|Khara]], [[Trigger (studio)|Trigger]], [[The Walt Disney Company Asia Pacific|Walt Disney Japan]], and [[Madhouse (company)|Madhouse]] all offered their support as well.{{efn|name=Condolences}}
+Numerous people and organisations related to the industry expressed concern and support, such as anime directors [[Makoto Shinkai]] and Tatsuki ([[:ja:たつき|ja]]), ''[[K-On!]]'' voice actress [[Aki Toyosaki]], ''[[Haruhi Suzumiya|The Melancholy of Haruhi Suzumiya]]'' voice actresses [[Aya Hirano]], [[Minori Chihara]], and [[Yūko Gotō]], ''[[Hyōka]]'' author [[Honobu Yonezawa]], ''[[Clannad (visual novel)|Clannad]]'' developer company [[Key (company)|Key]], and media company [[Kadokawa Corporation]].{{efn|name=Condolences|Condolences and support were expressed by many.<ref name="nyt_20190717_arson"/><ref name="ann_20190719_fanscomment"/><ref name="blog_20190720_yonezawa"/><ref name="key_20190719_condolence" /><ref name="kadokawa_20190721_condolences"/><ref name="ann_20190723_haruhicastcomment"/><ref name="twitter_20190719_shaft" /><ref name="sunrise_20190719_condolence"/><ref name="bnp_20190719_condolence"/><ref name="bones_20190720_condolence"/><ref name="khara_20190720_condolence"/><ref name="trigger_20190720_condolence" /><ref name="twitter_20190719_madhouse"/><ref name="twitter_20190720_disneyjp" /><ref name="kyodo_20190718_crowdfund"/><ref name="twitter_20190718_frenchembassy"/><ref name="embassyphil_20190719_condolence"/><ref name="un_20190719_condolence"/><ref name="guardian_20190719_condolencesum"/>}} Animation studios such as [[Shaft (company)|Shaft]], [[Sunrise (company)|Sunrise]], [[Bandai Namco Pictures]], [[Toei Animation]], [[Bones (studio)|Bones]], [[Khara (studio)|Khara]], [[Trigger (studio)|Trigger]], [[The Walt Disney Company Asia Pacific|Walt Disney Japan]], and [[Madhouse (company)|Madhouse]] all offered their support as well.{{efn|name=Condolences}}
-Animate, a major Japanese retailer of [[anime]], [[video game]]s, and [[manga]], took donations at all of their stores to support the victims,<ref name="animate_20190719_fundraising" /> and had raised over 330 million yen by 1 September.<ref name="kyoani_20190913_donations"/>
+[[Animate (retailer)|Animate]], a major Japanese retailer of [[anime]], [[video game]]s, and [[manga]], took donations at all of their stores to support the victims,<ref name="animate_20190719_fundraising" /> and had raised over 330 million yen by 1 September.<ref name="kyoani_20190913_donations"/>
===International===
Several foreign dignitaries, including [[Justin Trudeau]], [[Tsai Ing-wen]], [[António Guterres]], and others, offered their own messages of support for the victims.{{efn|name=Condolences}}
In the wake of the fire, a [[GoFundMe]] appeal was launched by American anime licensor [[Sentai Filmworks]].<ref name="express_20190718_fundraiser"/> With a target of US$750,000, it surpassed the US$1 million donation mark within the first 24 hours.<ref name="7na_20190718_arson"/><ref name="newscomau_20190719_arson"/><ref name="guardian_20190718_donations"/> It had received US$2.3 million at the end of the appeal.<ref name="cartoonbrew_20190804_sentai" /> As of 7 December 2019, Sentai had transferred all of the funds raised, except for an amount for credit card processing fees, to Kyoto Animation studio.<ref name="ann_20191207_sentaigofundme" />
-Fans have also taken to Kyoto Animation's Japanese digital store to directly contribute by purchasing high-resolution downloadable images as they do not require staff to ship them.<ref name="dailydot_20190718_donations" /> American licensing companies [[Aniplex of America]], [[Funimation]] and [[Crunchyroll]], and [[Nickelodeon Animation Studio]], all offered their support.<ref name="ann_20190719_fanscomment" /> [[Adult Swim]]'s anime-oriented [[Toonami]] block started their 20 July broadcast asking viewers to donate to the GoFundMe set up by Sentai Filmworks.<ref name="toonami_20190720_donations" />
+Fans have also taken to Kyoto Animation's Japanese digital store to directly contribute by purchasing high-resolution downloadable images as they do not require staff to ship them.<ref name="dailydot_20190718_donations" /> American licensing companies [[Aniplex of America]], [[Funimation]] and [[Crunchyroll]], and [[Nickelodeon Animation Studio]], all offered their support.<ref name="ann_20190719_fanscomment" /> [[Adult Swim]]'s anime-oriented [[Toonami]] block started their 20 July broadcast asking viewers to donate to the GoFundMe set up by [[Sentai Filmworks]].<ref name="toonami_20190720_donations" />
==See also==
* [[2019 in Japan]]
|title = Japan to Change Gasoline Sales Rules in Wake of Kyoto Animation Fire
|work = [[Anime News Network]]
|date = 27 October 2019
- |accessdate = 27 October 2019
+ |access-date = 27 October 2019
|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20191218102252/https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2019-10-27/japan-to-change-gasoline-sales-rules-in-wake-of-kyoto-animation-fire/.152674
|archive-date = 18 December 2019
|url-status = live
<ref name="bbc_20200527_suspectcharged">{{cite news
|title = Man charged over deadly Kyoto animation studio fire
|url = https://www.bbc.com/news/entertainment-arts-52813523
- |accessdate = 27 May 2020
+ |access-date = 27 May 2020
|agency = [[BBC News]]
|date = 27 May 2020
|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200611140620/https://www.bbc.com/news/entertainment-arts-52813523
|url = https://www.ctvnews.ca/world/kyoto-animation-studio-arson-fire-suspect-reportedly-had-grudge-1.4515205?cache=yes%3FclipId%3D104069%3FautoPlay%3Dtrue
|website = CTV News
|publisher = CTV
- |accessdate = 30 December 2019
+ |access-date = 30 December 2019
|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20191230122127/https://www.ctvnews.ca/world/kyoto-animation-studio-arson-fire-suspect-reportedly-had-grudge-1.4515205?cache=yes%3FclipId%3D104069%3FautoPlay%3Dtrue
|archive-date = 30 December 2019
|url-status = live
<ref name="hr_20190724_arson">{{cite news
|title = Kyoto Animation Arson Attack: Veteran Animator of 'Akira' and Ghibli Feared Dead
|url = https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/kyoto-animation-arson-attack-yoshiji-kigami-veteran-akira-ghibli-feared-dead-1226885
- |accessdate = 2 September 2019
+ |access-date = 2 September 2019
|work = [[The Hollywood Reporter]]
|date = 24 July 2019
|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190726180840/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/kyoto-animation-arson-attack-yoshiji-kigami-veteran-akira-ghibli-feared-dead-1226885
|title = X Japan front man Yoshiki donates ¥10 million to Kyoto Animation arson recovery fund
|newspaper = Japan Today
|date = 2 August 2019
- |accessdate = 3 August 2019
+ |access-date = 3 August 2019
|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190803024439/https://japantoday.com/category/entertainment/x-japan-front-man-yoshiki-donates-%C2%A510-million-to-kyoto-animation-arson-recovery-fund
|archive-date = 3 August 2019
|url-status = live
|language = ja
|work = [[Kobe Shimbun]]
|date = 24 July 2019
- |accessdate = 24 July 2019
+ |access-date = 24 July 2019
|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190725044905/https://www.kobe-np.co.jp/news/sougou/201907/0012546431.shtml
|archive-date = 25 July 2019
|url-status = live
|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190802063511/https://www.kyoto-np.co.jp/politics/article/20190802000070
|archive-date = 2 August 2019
|url-status = dead
- |title = Archived copy
}}</ref>
<ref name="kyunghyang_20190719">{{cite news
|author = Livedoor News
|user = livedoornews
|number = 1155357960102531072
- |date = 26 July 2019
+ |date = 28 July 2019
|script-title = ja:【京アニ製作】アニメ映画『ヴァイオレット・エヴァーガーデン外伝』、延期せず上映へ<br />9月6日から9月26日までの3週間限定上映。また、完全新作劇場版は来年1月10日に公開される。
- |trans-title =
|language = ja
|access-date = 18 September 2019
}}</ref>
|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190725101016/https://mainichi.jp/articles/20190723/k00/00m/040/323000c
|archive-date = 25 July 2019
|url-status = dead
- |title = Archived copy
}}</ref>
<ref name="mainichi_20190724_status">{{cite news
|language = ja
|work = [[Mainichi Shimbun]]
|date = 24 July 2019
- |accessdate = 24 July 2019
+ |access-date = 24 July 2019
|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190725045031/https://mainichi.jp/articles/20190724/k00/00m/040/353000c
|archive-date = 25 July 2019
|url-status = dead
|work = NHK News
|language = ja
|date = 20 July 2019
- |accessdate = 22 July 2019
+ |access-date = 22 July 2019
|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190723010904/http://www3.nhk.or.jp/news/html/20190720/k10012000301000.html
|archive-date = 23 July 2019
|url-status = dead
<ref name="nhk_20190723_door">{{cite web
|url = https://www3.nhk.or.jp/news/html/20190723/k10012005391000.html
|script-title = ja:"京アニ" 代理人弁護士 第1スタジオの防犯対策を説明
- |trans-title =
- |accessdate = 25 August 2019
+ |access-date = 25 August 2019
|date = 23 July 2019
|website = NHK ニュース
|publisher = 日本放送協会
|title = Suspect in KyoAni arson attack able to converse
|url = https://www3.nhk.or.jp/nhkworld/en/news/20200118_14/
|website = [[NHK|NHK World]]
- |accessdate = 31 January 2020
+ |access-date = 31 January 2020
|date = 18 January 2020
|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200131044135/https://www3.nhk.or.jp/nhkworld/en/news/20200118_14/
|archive-date = 31 January 2020
|title = Suspect in deadly arson attack on Kyoto Animation studio arrested
|newspaper = Nikkei Shimbun
|publisher = Nikkei Inc.
- |accessdate = 27 May 2020
+ |access-date = 27 May 2020
}}</ref>
<ref name="nippon_20190725_victimid">{{cite web
|last2 = Nussey
|work = [[Reuters]]
|date = 21 July 2019
- |accessdate = 22 July 2019
+ |access-date = 22 July 2019
|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190722054915/https://af.reuters.com/article/worldNews/idAFKCN1UH08E
|archive-date = 22 July 2019
|url-status = live
|first = Kevin
|work = [[Reuters]]
|date = 27 December 2019
- |accessdate = 8 March 2020
+ |access-date = 8 March 2020
|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20191228203330/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-kyoto-animation-fire-money-idUSKBN1YV0MR
|archive-date = 28 December 2019
|url-status = live
|first4 = Richard
|title = Man arrested over deadly 2019 arson at Japan's Kyoto Animation
|url = https://www.reuters.com/article/us-japan-fire-arrests/man-arrested-over-deadly-2019-arson-at-japans-kyoto-animation-idUSKBN23303U
- |accessdate = 27 May 2020
+ |access-date = 27 May 2020
|work = [[Reuters]]
|date = 27 May 2020
}}</ref>
|title = Toonami Squad On Twitter:Help @KyoAni Heal! #HelpKyoAniHeal
|user = ToonamiSquad
|number = 1152789498226446336
- |first =
- |last =
|date = 20 July 2019
}}</ref>
|title = More than 20 feared dead in suspected arson attack at Kyoto Animation
|author = Tokyo Reporter Staff
|date = 18 July 2019
- |accessdate = 18 July 2019
+ |access-date = 18 July 2019
|work = Tokyo Reporter
|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190718124137/https://www.tokyoreporter.com/crime/more-than-20-feared-dead-suspected-arson-attack-at-kyoto-animation/
|archive-date = 18 July 2019
<ref name="twitter_20190718_frenchembassy">{{cite tweet
|user = ambafrancejp
|number = 1151762529254817792
- |author-link = French Embassy, Tokyo
+
|title = Le Mot de l'Ambassadeur : Message de condoléances à la suite de l'incendie des studios de Kyoto Animation.
|date = 18 July 2019
|language = fr
<ref name="twitter_20190720_disneyjp">{{cite tweet
|user = disneyjp
- |author-link = The Walt Disney Company Asia Pacific
+
|number = 1152434613496586240
|script-title = ja:アニメーションを愛し、その力を信じる企業として、京都アニメーションに起きた事件に、ディズニー社員一同ショックを受け、心を痛めています。亡くなられた方々のご冥福をお祈りすると共に、ご遺族や友人の皆様に心から哀悼の意を捧げます。 #prayforKyoani
|date = 20 July 2019
|user = Violet_Letter
|number = 1155087126569971712
|date = 27 July 2019
- |title =
|script-title = ja:『ヴァイオレット・エヴァーガーデン 外伝 - 永遠と自動手記人形 -』公式サイトをオープンしました。<br />2019年9月6日ー9月26日まで3週間限定上映。<br />＊上映期間が2週間から3週間に変更となりましたのでご了承ください。
- |trans-title =
|language = ja
|access-date = 18 September 2019
}}</ref>
|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190718210432/https://www.nytimes.com/2019/07/17/world/asia/japan-fire-animation-studio.html
|archive-date = 18 July 2019
|url-status = live
- |url-access =
}}</ref>
<ref name="yomiuri_20190720_presresponse">{{cite news
projects / BK-2020-09.git / commitdiff