2 {{Use dmy dates|date=November 2019}}
3 [[File:Nagant Revolver.jpg|300px|thumb|right|A Russian [[Nagant M1895]] [[revolver]]]]
4 '''Russian roulette''' ({{lang-ru|русская рулетка}}, ''russkaya ruletka'') is a lethal [[game of chance]] in which a player places a single [[Cartridge (firearms)|round]] in a [[revolver]], spins the [[Cylinder (firearms)|cylinder]], places the muzzle against their head, and pulls the [[Trigger (firearms)|trigger]] in hopes that the loaded chamber does not align with the [[Hammer (firearms)|primer percussion mechanism]] and the barrel, causing the weapon to discharge. ''Russian'' refers to the supposed country of origin, and ''roulette'' to the element of risk-taking and the spinning of the revolver's cylinder, which is reminiscent of a spinning [[roulette]] wheel.
6 The deadly game is commonly associated with six-shot revolvers. If such is the case, [[expected value|mathematically]], the average number of consecutive pulls of the trigger before the gun discharges is 3.5. After a single spin, the probability of it firing is {{frac|6}}, followed by {{frac|5}} on the second pull, {{frac|4}} on the 3rd pull and so on, until if it failed to fire 5 times, the probability is {{frac|1}} (=1) on the final pull.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://statisticalideas.blogspot.com/2015/06/abnormal-risks.html|title=Abnormal risks|website=Statistical Ideas|date=1 June 2015|access-date=21 June 2017|archive-url=https://archive.today/20191106183440/https://statisticalideas.blogspot.com/2015/06/abnormal-risks.html|archive-date=6 November 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> If the cylinder is re-spun after each trigger pull, the probability of firing remains 1 in 6 on each occasion, and the probability of it having fired after 6 pulls is <math>1-(\tfrac{5}{6})^6</math>, or about 66.5%.
9 According to Andrew Clarke, the first trace of Russian roulette can be found in the story "The Fatalist" of 1840, part of the collection ''[[A Hero of Our Time]]'' by [[Mikhail Lermontov]], a Russian poet and writer.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=k5gD8SCymTU&list=PLFNYsCQU-KaMPQX8whHd19K6syiywZxwd&index=2&t=2s|title=The Deer Hunter Roberto Leoni Movie Reviews|publisher=YouTube|access-date=13 October 2019}}</ref> In the story the protagonist of the novel, Grigory Alexandrovich Pechorin, says there is no predestination and proposes a bet emptying about twenty gold pieces onto the table. A lieutenant of the dragoons of the tsar of Serbian origin, Vulič, with passion for gambling, accepts the challenge and randomly takes one of the various-caliber pistols from its nail, cocks it and pours powder on the shelf. Nobody knows if the pistol is loaded or not. Vulič asks: "Gentlemen! Who will pay 20 gold pieces for me?", putting the muzzle of the pistol to his forehead. Then he asks Gregory to throw a card in the air and when this card touches the ground, he shoots. Fortunately, nothing happens, because the blow fails, but when Vulič cocks the pistol again, and aims it at the service cap hanging over the window, a shot rings out and smoke fills the room.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://kittylevin.livejournal.com/29535.html|title=The Fatalist. Mikhail Lermontov. English Translation.|publisher=LiveJournal.com|access-date=13 October 2019}}</ref>
11 The game spread among Russian garrison officials, becoming a foolish courage challenge. It became a way to alleviate the boredom of the long hours in distant garrisons; it also became an undertaking that, in the eyes of its players, superseded the duel.{{cn|date=July 2020}}
14 The term ''Russian roulette'' was possibly first used in a 1937 short story of the same name by [[Georges Surdez]]:
16 {{quote|'Did you ever hear of Russian Roulette?' When I said I had not, he told me all about it. When he was with the Russian army in {{Not a typo|Rumania}}{{sic}}, around 1917, and things were cracking up, so that their officers felt that they were not only losing prestige, money, family, and country, but were being also dishonored before their colleagues of the Allied armies, some officer would suddenly pull out his revolver, anywhere, at the table, in a café, at a gathering of friends, remove a cartridge from the cylinder, spin the cylinder, snap it back in place, put it to his head and pull the trigger. There were five chances to one that the hammer would set off a live cartridge and blow his brains all over the place.<ref name="colliers_19370130_surdez" />}}
19 * In a 1946 U.S. legal case, ''[[Commonwealth v. Malone]],'' 47 A.2d 445 (1946), a [[Pennsylvania]] teenager's conviction for murder in the second degree as a result of shooting a friend was upheld by the [[Pennsylvania Supreme Court]]. In this case, the teenagers involved played a modified version of Russian roulette, called Russian poker, in which they took turns aiming and pulling the trigger of the revolver at each other, rather than at their own heads. The court ruled that "When an individual commits an act of gross recklessness without regard to the probability that death to another is likely to result, that individual exhibits the state of mind required to uphold a conviction of [[manslaughter]] even if the individual did not intend for death to ensue."<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.casebriefs.com/blog/law/criminal-law/criminal-law-keyed-to-kadish/homicide/commonwealth-v-malone/2/ |title=Commonwealth v. Malone|work=casebriefs.com |access-date=26 July 2014}}</ref>
20 * In ''[[The Autobiography of Malcolm X]],'' [[Malcolm X]] recalls an incident during his burglary career when he once played Russian roulette, pulling the trigger three times in a row to convince his partners in crime that he was not afraid to die. In the epilogue to the book, [[Alex Haley]] states that Malcolm X revealed to him that he [[palming|palmed]] the round.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2005/05/19/arts/design/19malccut.html|title=The Personal Evolution of a Civil Rights Giant|first=Edward|last=Rothstein|date=19 May 2005|access-date=21 June 2017|via=NYTimes.com}}</ref> The incident is portrayed in the [[Malcolm X (1992 film)|1992 film adaptation]] of the autobiography.
21 * On December 25, 1954, American [[blues]] musician [[Johnny Ace]] killed himself in [[Texas]], after a gun he pointed at his own head discharged. A report in ''[[The Washington Post]]'' attributed this to Russian roulette.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/lifestyle/1998/12/25/really-old-school-with-punk-zip/1ca39f04-4405-4311-8c6c-ed2ab5a01981/|title=Really Old School|work=[[Washington Post]]|date=December 25, 1998|first=Geoffrey|last=Himes}}</ref>
22 * [[Graham Greene]] relates in his first autobiography, ''[[A Sort of Life]]'' (1971), that he played Russian roulette, alone, a few times as a teenager.
23 *On July 24, 1973, [[Dallas Police Department|Dallas Police]] Officer Darrell L. Cain fatally shot [[Murder of Santos Rodriguez|Santos Rodriguez]], a 12-year-old [[Mexican Americans|Mexican-American]] child, while interrogating him and his brother about a burglary. Cain shot Rodriguez while conducting Russian roulette on the brothers in an attempt to force a confession from them.
24 * On September 10, 1976, Finnish magician {{ill|Aimo Leikas|fi}} killed himself in front of a crowd while performing his Russian roulette act in [[Hartola, Finland|Hartola]]. He had been performing the act for about a year, selecting six bullets from a box of assorted live and dummy ammunition.<ref>{{cite magazine |url=http://www.circushistory.org/Publications/CircusReport20Sep1976.pdf |title=In Memoriam |work=The Circus Report |date=20 September 1976 |volume=5 |number=38 |page=2 |access-date=2013-06-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120903213446/http://www.circushistory.org/Publications/CircusReport20Sep1976.pdf |archive-date=2012-09-03 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1350&dat=19760910&id=rD0xAAAAIBAJ&sjid=VgIEAAAAIBAJ&pg=6876,2739715|title=Russian Roulette Act Misfires, Finnish Circus Performer Killed|work=[[Toledo Blade]]|date=September 10, 1976|page=11|via=[[Google News]]|access-date=21 June 2017}}</ref>
25 * [[John Hinckley, Jr.]], who [[Reagan assassination attempt|attempted to assassinate]] President [[Ronald Reagan]] in 1981, was known to have played Russian roulette, alone, on two occasions.<ref>{{cite book
28 |title=Courting Disaster: The Supreme Court and the Unmaking of American Law
29 |url=https://archive.org/details/courtingdisaster00garb
30 |url-access= registration
31 |page= [https://archive.org/details/courtingdisaster00garb/page/135 135]
35 |publisher=Times Books
36 |isbn=978-0-8050-6918-1}}</ref> Hinckley also took a picture of himself in 1980, pointing a gun at his head.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.law.umkc.edu/faculty/projects/ftrials/hinckley/hinkleygun2.jpg |title=Archived copy |access-date=2008-12-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081122220144/http://www.law.umkc.edu/faculty/projects/ftrials/hinckley/hinkleygun2.jpg |archive-date=2008-11-22 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
37 * On October 12, 1984, while waiting for filming to resume on ''[[Cover Up (TV series)|Cover Up]]'' (1985), actor [[Jon-Erik Hexum]] played Russian roulette with a [[.44 Magnum]] [[revolver]] loaded with a [[Blank (cartridge)|blank]]. The blast fractured his skull and caused massive cerebral hemorrhaging when bone fragments were forced through his brain. He was rushed to Beverly Hills Medical Center, where he was pronounced brain dead.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.ew.com/ew/article/0,,304026,00.html |title=Jon-Erik Hexum's Fatal Joke |date=14 October 1994 |work=[[Entertainment Weekly]] |access-date=5 February 2013}}</ref>
38 * [[Public Broadcasting Service|PBS]] claims that [[William Shockley]], co-inventor of the [[transistor]] and winner of the [[Nobel Prize for Physics]], had attempted suicide by playing a solo game of Russian roulette.<ref>[https://www.pbs.org/transistor/album1/shockley/shockley2.html Transistorized!], Public Broadcasting Service, 1999.</ref>
39 * On October 5, 2003, psychological illusionist [[Derren Brown]] appeared to take part in a game of [[List of works by Derren Brown#Derren Brown Plays Russian Roulette Live (2003)|Russian roulette live]] on UK television. Two days later, a statement by the police said they had been informed of the arrangements in advance, and were satisfied that "There was no live ammunition involved and at no time was anyone at risk."<ref>{{cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/3169388.stm |title=Roulette gun stunt 'a hoax' |work=BBC News |date=2003-10-07 |access-date=2007-09-02 }}</ref>
40 * The BBC program ''[[Who Do You Think You Are? (British TV series)|Who Do You Think You Are?]],'' on 13 September 2010, featured the actor [[Alan Cumming]] investigating his grandfather Tommy Darling, whom he discovered had died playing Russian roulette while serving as a police officer in [[British Malaya]]. The family had previously believed he had died accidentally while cleaning his gun.<ref>BBC1 13 September 2010.</ref>
41 * On June 11, 2016, [[Mixed martial arts|MMA]] fighter Ivan "JP" Cole apparently killed himself by playing Russian roulette.<ref>{{cite news|title=MMA fighter 'killed himself playing Russian roulette' |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2016/06/13/mma-fighter-killed-himself-playing-russian-roulette/ |access-date=13 June 2016|date=13 June 2016|first=Adam|last=Boult|work=[[The Daily Telegraph|The Telegraph]]}}</ref>
43 ==In popular culture==
46 * In the 1973 comic-album ''[[Le Grand Duc]]'', [[Lucky Luke]] guides a Russian grand duke through the [[Old West]]. The grand duke conducts negotiations through Russian roulette, said to be popular at the Czar's court.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://theslingsandarrows.com/lucky-luke-the-grand-duke/|title=Slings & Arrows|website=theslingsandarrows.com|access-date=21 June 2017}}</ref>
47 * In the 1982 ''[[Judge Dredd]]'' story ''[[The Apocalypse War]]'', War Marshal Kazan, the main antagonist, forces his second-in-command Judge Izaaks to play one round of Russian roulette every day of his life until he finally ends up shooting himself. Kazan himself is killed before this can happen.<ref>''2000AD'' progs 245–267, 269–270</ref>
48 *A variant of Russian roulette called "hillbilly roulette", which involves loading a gun with three chambers, and aiming as close as possible to another person's head without hitting them, and requires the person firing the gun to drink a shot of 80 [[Alcohol proof|proof]] or stronger liquor (usually whiskey or moonshine) before each round of play, is referenced extensively in the 2016 novel ''Nobody's Property''.{{failed verification|date=May 2020}}
49 * In [[Anthony Horowitz]]'s [[Alex Rider]] novel [[Russian Roulette (novel)|''Russian Roulette'']], the titular game plays a pivotal role in the character arc of protagonist Yassen Gregorovich. This included him playing reversed Russian Roulette, which involved placing bullets in 5 of the 6 chambers, thus increasing the odds of the gun discharging.
50 * In [[Boris Akunin]]'s [[The Winter Queen (novel)|''The Winter Queen'']], the first book in the [[Erast Fandorin]] series, Russian roulette is the chosen method of duel between two characters, Pyotr Kokorin and Akhtyrtsev. The game is called American roulette, however, and Pyotr claims that their duel will be so significant that the name would be changed to Russian roulette.
53 * In the 1948 film "Unfaithfully Yours", Rex Harrison fantasizes playing Russian Roulette for the hand of Linda Darnell. He explains the "game" in detail, and its invention by Tsarist officers, as though the audience would not be familiar with it.
54 * In the 1955 film ''[[Smiles of a Summer Night]]'', two characters play Russian roulette for a woman.
55 * In the 1965 horror film ''[[The Skull]]'', [[Peter Cushing]]'s character is tortured by being forced to play Russian roulette.
56 * In the 1975 film ''[[Royal Flash (film)|Royal Flash]]'', set in the 1840s, the antagonist Rudi von Sternberg claims to have invented the game, calling it "Hungarian Roulette". He plays it with a [[pepper-box]] pistol, a type of weapon that was the historical precursor of the modern revolver.
57 * The 1975 film ''[[Sholay]]'' portrays a villain, [[Gabbar Singh (character)|Gabbar Singh]], who uses Russian roulette to punish three members of his own gang.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thehindu.com/thehindu/edu/2002/01/01/stories/2002010100050203.htm|title=How is the word "Roulette" pronounced?|last=B.Srinivasan|date=January 1, 2002|website=www.thehindu.com|access-date=19 March 2017}}</ref>
58 * The 1978 film ''[[The Deer Hunter]]'' features three American soldiers who are captured during the [[Vietnam War]] and forced to play Russian roulette as their captors gamble on the results. Their captors demand an especially brutal variation of the game: the game is played until all but one contestant is killed. The game takes place in a bamboo room above where the other prisoners are held, so that the losers' blood drips down on future contestants. Several teen deaths following the movie's release caused police and the media to blame the film's depiction of Russian roulette, saying that it inspired the youths.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.snopes.com/movies/films/deerhunter.asp |title=The Deer Hunter Suicides |date=August 16, 2007 |publisher=[[Snopes]] |access-date=April 26, 2013}}</ref>
59 * In the 1986 movie ''[[Crawlspace (1986 film)|Crawlspace]]'', the main character uses Russian roulette to determine his own fate.<ref>{{cite book |last=Muir |first=John |title=Horror Films of the 1980s |url={{GBurl|VJ1vcmaOd7wC|p=484}} |page=484 }}</ref>
60 * In the 1997 film ''[[Airbag (film)|Airbag]]'', the characters play a (rigged) variant called ''Russian omelette'', where six mushroom omelettes are cooked and eaten, five of them made with generic [[boletus]] but a random one with [[Death cap|death caps]].
61 * In the 1997 film ''[[One Eight Seven]]'', [[Samuel L. Jackson]]'s character is forced to play Russian roulette.{{cn|date=May 2020}}
62 * In the 1997 film ''[[Bad Day on the Block]]'', [[Charlie Sheen]]'s character forces family members to play Russian roulette.{{cn|date=May 2020}}
63 * In the 2005 film ''[[13 Tzameti]]'', thirteen men identified by number must undergo a series of Russian roulette games, arranging themselves into a circle and pointing their revolver at the man in front of them. Spectators place bets on who will survive.
64 * In the 2006 [[Bollywood]] film ''[[Dhoom 2]]'', Aryan ([[Hrithik Roshan]]) forces a hysterical Sunehri ([[Aishwarya Rai]]) to play Russian roulette.{{cn|date=May 2020}}
65 * In the 2007 Bollywood film ''[[Dhamaal]]'', Deshbandhu Roy ([[Riteish Deshmukh]]) snatches Inspector Kabir Nayak's ([[Sanjay Dutt]]) revolver and plays Russian roulette with him, unaware of the fact that it is loaded.{{cn|date=May 2020}}
66 * In the film ''[[Kiss Kiss Bang Bang]]'', [[Robert Downey Jr.]]'s character uses Russian roulette to intimidate a criminal by pointing a six-shot revolver containing one round at the criminal's head. He pulls the trigger and the gun fires, killing the criminal instantly.
67 * In the 2013 Australian film ''[[These Final Hours]]'', Russian roulette is played in "The party to end all parties".
68 * In the film ''[[ABCs of Death 2]]'', three characters are seen playing Russian roulette in the scene "R is for Roulette". They play a variant where they do not re-spin the chamber between pulls so one of them would certainly get the bullet and avoid being captured by the Nazi regime.{{Citation needed|reason=No reference to Nazis is made in the film itself|date=September 2017}} The "winner" (who is certain to get the bullet) decides to shoot his lover in an act of mercy before they are all eventually captured.
69 * In the 2017 Chinese film ''[[Kill Me Please (Chinese film)|Kill Me Please]]'', [[Wang Xun (actor)|Wang Xun]]'s character seeks suicide by visiting Thailand and playing Russian roulette in a bar.{{cn|date=May 2020}}
70 * In the 2017 Tamil film ''[[Bairavaa]]'', Bairavaa ([[Vijay (actor)|Vijay]]) intimidates Kottai Veeran ([[Daniel Balaji]]) using his revolver and plays Russian roulette to himself, which he strategically evades.
71 *In the 2020 film ''[[Money Plane]]'', Russian roulette is played on an airborne casino.
74 * In the 1951 [[Friz Freleng]]-directed [[Bugs Bunny]] cartoon ''[[Ballot Box Bunny]]'', in the often censored ending, after both Bugs and [[Yosemite Sam]] lose a mayoral election to a literal "[[dark horse]] candidate", Bugs invites Sam to play Russian roulette. Sam pulls the trigger, but does not get shot. Just as Bugs is about to put the gun to his head, the cartoon irises out and the audience hears a shot. The iris opens back up to reveal Bugs missed and ended up hitting Sam, who survives.
75 * ''[[MAD Magazine]]'' published in 1963 the [[Sergio Aragonés]] cartoon ''Russian "Russian Roulette"'', in which six men play the game without spinning the chamber of a revolver between turns. When the last (and doomed) man gets the gun, he fires it back through the heads of the other five.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.flickr.com/photos/zeldman/8531609233/|title=Sergio Aragones, genius cartoonist of Mad Magazine. From the early 1960s.|website=Flickr|access-date=21 June 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|title=Russian 'Russian Roulette'|author=Aragonés, Sergio|journal=MAD|date=July 1963|issue=80|publisher=E.C. Publications, Inc.}}</ref>
76 * In the 1980 [[Hong Kong]] TV series ''[[The Bund (TV series)|The Bund]]'', the protagonist Hui confronts his rival, Fung, over a game of Russian roulette, and survives.{{cn|date=May 2020}}
77 * A 1990 episode from ''[[Tales from the Crypt (TV series)|Tales from the Crypt]]'', "Cutting Cards", portrayed two rival gamblers playing a game of Russian roulette, with one accusing the other of using "dud" ammunition.{{cn|date=May 2020}}
78 * A 1988 episode of ''[[Friday the 13th: the Series]]'' features a compulsive gambler whose creditors force him to play Russian roulette in front of spectators who bet on the outcome, in order to settle a debt.<ref>Episode: "Tattoo", first season, episode 16</ref>
79 * During the third season of television series [[24 (season 3)|''24'']], [[Jack Bauer]] is forced by convicted criminals to play Russian roulette during a [[prison riot]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.tv.com/shows/24/day-3-500-p-m-600-p-m--264920/|title=24: Day 3: 5:00 P.M. - 6:00 P.M.|last=TV.com|website=TV.com|access-date=21 June 2017}}</ref>
80 * On the TV series ''[[The Wild Wild West]]'' the two main characters, Gordon and West, were tormented by their Russian captor with a game of Russian roulette. This was done at West's request to stall their execution and buy time to free their bonds to escape in the episode "The Night of the Tartar".{{cn|date=May 2020}}
81 *In ''[[Hinterland (TV series)|Hinterland]]'' season 2 episode 2 (2014), Bell and DCI Mathias each play one round of Russian roulette.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/tv-and-radio/2015/sep/11/hinterland-y-gwylls-richard-harrington-everybody-around-me-sounded-like-pingu|date=September 11, 2015|work=[[The Guardian]]|title=Hinterland / Y Gwyll's Richard Harrington: 'Everybody around me sounded like Pingu'|first=Andrew|last=Collins}}</ref>
82 *In ''[[Peaky Blinders (TV series)|Peaky Blinders]]'' series 3 episode 4, Duchess Tatiana Petrovna plays Russian roulette with Tommy's gun, to his horror and dismay, and she unsuccessfully urges him to play, too, advising him it is exhilarating. When the gun does not fire, she says it is God's will.<ref>{{cite news|work=The Guardian|url=https://www.theguardian.com/tv-and-radio/2016/may/26/peaky-blinders-recap-series-three-episode-four-sickeningly-good|date=May 26, 2016|title=Peaky Blinders Recap Series Three, Episode 4, Sickeningly Good}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.express.co.uk/showbiz/tv-radio/674245/Peaky-Blinders-series-3-review-Cillian-Murphy-Steve-Knight-Helen-McCrory-BBC|title=Peaky Blinders series 3, episode 4 review: A terrifying, unpredictable rollercoasterepisode 4 review: A terrifying, unpredictable rollercoaster
83 |author=Debnath, Neela|date=May 26, 2016|work=Express}}</ref>
84 * In the episode "Venezuela" of ''[[Banged Up Abroad]]'', James Miles and Paul Loseby voice their utter shock and horror when they discover the prisoners playing Russian roulette. After having his appeal refused and facing a 10-year sentence, as well as due to the harshness of the prison life and complete lack of self-esteem, James eventually participates in the game.<ref>Series 2, episode 1 – "Venezuela"</ref>
85 * In the 2014 first season of the [[Italy|Italian]] TV series [[Gomorrah (TV series)|''Gomorrah'']], [[Camorra]] member Ciro is forced to participate in a game of Russian roulette in order to seal a business deal between the Camorra and a [[Russian Mafia]] crew.
86 *In 2002, [[Game Show Network]] debuted a television [[game show]] called ''[[Russian Roulette (game show)|Russian Roulette]]''. It was hosted by [[Mark L. Walberg]].{{cn|date=May 2020}}
87 * In season 3, episode 8 (2015) of ''[[The Eric Andre Show]]'', Eric plays Russian roulette during a performance of the band [[Health (band)|Health]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FBgB1GCn6pA |title=HEALTH | The Eric Andre Show | Adult Swim |author=<!--Not stated--> |date=13 January 2015 |website=YouTube |publisher=Adult Swim |access-date=28 August 2020}}</ref>
88 *In 2017's ''[[Money Heist]]'', Tokyo plays Russian roulette with Berlin.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.antena3.com/series/casa-de-papel/mejores-momentos/tokio-pone-en-marcha-una-sadica-ruleta-rusa-contra-berlin_2017101659e52b8d0cf27ece4d491a5f.html|title=Tokio pone en marcha una sádica ruleta rusa contra Berlín|website=antena3.com|access-date=3 August 2020}}</ref>
91 * In the 1973 [[Stephen Sondheim]] musical ''[[A Little Night Music]]'', Count Carl-Magnus Malcolm challenges Fredrik Egerman to a game of Russian roulette to settle a romantic feud. A nervous Fredrik accidentally shoots himself in the ear, and Carl-Magnus declares himself the winner.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.theatrehistory.com/american/a_little_night_music_001.html|title=A Little Night Music|website=www.theatrehistory.com|access-date=21 June 2017}}</ref>
94 * On the 1986 Megadeth album ''Peace Sells... But Who's Buying?'', the song "My Last Words" is about playing Russian roulette, and how it draws in the player even though the possibility of death is very real.
95 * In 2001, in their debut album ''[[Ompa til du dør]]'', Norwegian band [[Kaizers Orchestra]] included numerable references to Russian roulette, most notably in the songs "Rulett", "Fra sjåfør til passasjer", and "Resistansen".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.lyricsbox.com/kaizers-orchestra-album-ompa-til-du-dor-xj8ksg.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120721165309/http://www.lyricsbox.com/kaizers-orchestra-album-ompa-til-du-dor-xj8ksg.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=21 July 2012|title=Kaizers Orchestra album lyrics – Ompa til du Dør|access-date=22 September 2014}}</ref>
96 *[[Lady Gaga]]'s song "[[Poker Face (Lady Gaga song)|Poker Face]]" makes a reference to Russian roulette with lyrics "Russian roulette is not the same without a gun".
97 * Pop Singer [[Rihanna]] released a song titled "Russian Roulette" in October 27, 2009. It is a Pop and RnB ballad and exhibits morbid and dark elements in its composition. Music critics have opined that this song is a reflection of her abusive relationship with former boyfriend [[Chris Brown]].
98 * South Korean girl group [[Spica (group)|Spica]] released their debut song titled "Russian Roulette". The full-length music video was released on February 8, 2012. Promotions for "Russian Roulette" began two days later on M! Countdown. The lyrics of the song were later modified in order to meet MBC's broadcasting standards.
99 * In September 2016, the South Korean girl group [[Red Velvet (group)|Red Velvet]] released their third [[extended play]] with the title "Russian Roulette", with a lead single of the same name. Its lyrics compare the process of winning someone's heart with a game of Russian roulette and its music video features the girls sabotaging each other with fatal (off-screen) consequences, such as dropping pianos on the other members and pushing each other into empty swimming pools, drawing parallels to the lethality of Russian roulette.
100 * In 2017 [[Tekashi 6ix9ine]], [[Zillakami]], and [[Sosmula]] made a song called "Sinaloa". In the song Zillakami sings the lyrics "Russian roulette with a full clip, Glock, no reload" Signifying he would play russian roulette with a full magazine, and with a [[Glock]] (a semiautomatic pistol, with no barrel to spin) – in other words, guaranteed death.
103 * In the 2005 video game ''[[Killer7]]'', Benjamin Keane invites Garcian Smith to play a game of Russian Roulette, giving him two choices: If Garcian wins, Keane will reveal an infallible method to successfully hit on women; if Garcian loses, he will have to assassinate the U.S. President.
104 * In the 2010 video game ''[[Call of Duty: Black Ops]]'', featured characters are forced to play Russian roulette, heavily inspired by the scene from ''The Deer Hunter''.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.theguardian.com/technology/gamesblog/2010/nov/09/call-of-duty-black-ops-review |title=Call of Duty: Black Ops – review |last1=Stuart |first1=Keith |date=November 9, 2010 |work=[[The Guardian]] |access-date=May 15, 2013}}</ref>
105 * In the 2012 video game ''[[Danganronpa 2: Goodbye Despair]]'', one of the challenges presented to students in the game's fourth chapter is a one-player Russian roulette game, which is played by Gundham Tanaka and Nagito Komaeda on two separate occasions. The latter plays an inverted version with five bullets and one empty chamber, surviving thanks to his "ultimate lucky student" talent. Tanaka plays with one bullet and also survives.
106 * In June 2017, the video game ''Super Russian Roulette'' was released for the [[Nintendo Entertainment System]]. The game involves pointing the [[NES Zapper|Zapper]] [[Light gun|light-gun]] accessory at the players' own heads, facing off against a computer-generated cowboy and up to three human players.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.kickstarter.com/projects/batslyadams/super-russian-roulette-a-new-party-game-for-the-ne/description|title=Super Russian Roulette: A New Party Game for the NES|website=Kickstarter|language=en-US|access-date=2017-07-06}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.kickstarter.com/projects/batslyadams/super-russian-roulette-a-new-party-game-for-the-ne/posts/1917589|title=Update 16: State of the Saloon — Shipping Update #2 · Super Russian Roulette: A New Party Game for the NES|website=Kickstarter|language=en-US|access-date=2017-07-06}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.superrussianroulette.com/collections/frontpage|title=Shop|website=Batlab Electronics|language=en|access-date=2017-07-06}}{{Dead link|date=July 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>
107 * In the 2018 video game ''[[Detroit: Become Human]]'', depressed alcoholic Lieutenant Hank Anderson is revealed to often participate in Russian roulette while drunk. In the chapter "Russian Roulette", Connor ends up saving and sobering up Hank when he passed out playing Russian roulette. One ending depicts the character killing himself while in a miserable state.
110 There is a [[drinking game]] based on Russian roulette. The game involves six shot glasses filled by a non-player. Five are filled with water, the sixth with vodka. Among some groups, low quality vodka is preferred as it makes the glass representing the filled chamber less desirable. The glasses are arranged in a circle, and players take turns choosing a glass to take a shot from at random.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://roulettegamesvariety.com/drinking-roulette.htm|title=Drinking Roulette Fun Game|website=roulettegamesvariety.com|access-date=21 June 2017}}</ref>
112 There is also a game called "Beer Hunter" (titled after the Russian roulette scenes in the film ''[[The Deer Hunter]]''). In this game, six cans of beer are placed between the participants. One can is vigorously shaken, and the cans are scrambled. The participants take turns opening the cans of beer right under their noses; the person who opens the shaken can (and sprays beer up their nose) is deemed the loser.<ref>{{cite web|title=The Beer Hunter|url=http://drunkard.com/issues/01_07/md_drinking_games.html|website=Modern Drunkard Magazine|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141209054418/http://drunkard.com/issues/01_07/md_drinking_games.html|archive-date=2014-12-09}}</ref>
115 {{Columns-list|colwidth=30em|
116 * ''[[13 (2010 film)|13]]''
117 * ''[[13 Tzameti]]'' (film)
118 * [[Counterphobic attitude]]
120 * [[Quantum suicide and immortality|Quantum suicide]]
126 <ref name="colliers_19370130_surdez">{{cite magazine
130 |magazine = Collier's
131 |publisher = [[Crowell-Collier Publishing Company | Crowell Publishing Company]]
132 |editor-last = Chenery
133 |editor-first = William L.
134 |title = Russian Roulette
136 |url = https://monlegionnaire.files.wordpress.com/2012/03/russian-roulette.pdf
137 |access-date = 2019-07-16
138 <!-- Note: alternate URLs are 'http://web.archive.org/web/20190716212825/http://www.unz.com/print/Colliers-1937jan30-00016/' and 'http://web.archive.org/web/20190716212927/http://www.unz.com/print/Colliers-1937jan30-00044/' -->
139 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20181001220530/https://monlegionnaire.files.wordpress.com/2012/03/russian-roulette.pdf
140 |archive-date = 2018-10-01
146 {{DEFAULTSORT:Russian Roulette}}
147 [[Category:Roulette and wheel games]]
148 [[Category:Russian folk games]]
149 [[Category:Revolvers]]
150 [[Category:Suicide methods]]
projects / BK-2020-09.git / blob