en.wikipedia.org/La_Belle_Dame_sans_Merci/article.txt

   1 {{For|the 15th-century poem by Alain Chartier|La Belle Dame sans Mercy}}
   2 {{Use dmy dates|date=April 2022}}
   3
   4 [[File:John William Waterhouse - La Belle Dame sans Merci (1893).jpg|thumb|[[John William Waterhouse]] – ''La belle dame sans merci'', 1893]]
   5 [[File:Henry Meynell Rheam - La Belle Dame sans Merci.jpg|thumb|''La Belle Dame sans Merci'' by [[Henry Meynell Rheam]], 1901]]
   6 [[File:Arthur Hugues - La belle dame sans merci.jpg|thumb|[[Arthur Hughes (artist)|Arthur Hughes]] – ''La belle dame sans merci'']]
   7 [[File:Dicksee Frank, La Belle Dame Sans Merci.jpg|thumb|[[Frank Dicksee]] – ''La belle dame sans merci'', c. 1901]]
   8 [[File:La Belle Dame sans Merci - Punch cartoon - Project Gutenberg eText 19105.png|thumb|''[[Punch (magazine)|Punch]]'' magazine cartoon, 1920]]
   9
  10 "'''La Belle Dame sans Merci'''" ("The Beautiful Lady Without Mercy") is a [[ballad]] produced by the [[England|English]] poet [[John Keats]] in 1819. The title was derived from the title of a 15th-century poem by [[Alain Chartier]] called ''[[La Belle Dame sans Mercy]]''.<ref name="symons_2004_title" />
  11
  12 Considered an English classic, the poem is an example of Keats' poetic preoccupation with love and death.<ref name="everest_2002_lovedeath" /> The poem is about a [[fairy]] who condemns a knight to an unpleasant fate after she seduces him with her eyes and singing. The fairy inspired several artists to paint images that became early examples of 19th-century ''[[femme fatale]]'' iconography.<ref name="cooper_1986_fatale" /> The poem continues to be referenced in many works of literature, music, art, and film.
  13
  14 ==Poem==
  15 The poem is simple in structure with twelve [[stanza]]s of four lines each in an ABCB [[rhyme scheme]]. Below are both the original and revised version of the poem:<ref name="keats_1905_selincourt" /><ref name="Oxford_English_Verse" />
  16
  17 {|
  18 |-
  19 ! The original version, 1819  !!  !! The revised version, 1820
  20 |-
  21 |
  22 O what can ail thee, knight-at-arms,<br />
  23 Alone and palely loitering?<br />
  24 The sedge has withered from the lake,<br />
  25 And no birds sing!<br />
  26 <br />
  27 O what can ail thee, knight-at-arms,<br />
  28 So haggard and so woe-begone?<br />
  29 The squirrel’s granary is full,<br />
  30 And the harvest’s done.<br />
  31 <br />
  32 I see a lily on thy brow,<br />
  33 With anguish moist and fever-dew,<br />
  34 And on thy cheeks a fading rose<br />
  35 Fast withereth too.<br />
  36 <br />
  37 I met a lady in the meads,<br />
  38 Full beautiful, a fairy's child;<br />
  39 Her hair was long, her foot was light,<br />
  40 And her eyes were wild.<br />
  41 <br />
  42 I made a garland for her head,<br />
  43 And bracelets too, and fragrant zone;<br />
  44 She looked at me as she did love,<br />
  45 And made sweet moan.<br />
  46 <br />
  47 I set her on my pacing steed,<br />
  48 And nothing else saw all day long,<br />
  49 For sidelong would she bend, and sing<br />
  50 A faery's song.<br />
  51 <br />
  52 She found me roots of relish sweet,<br />
  53 And honey wild, and manna-dew,<br />
  54 And sure in language strange she said—<br />
  55 'I love thee true'.<br />
  56 <br />
  57 She took me to her Elfin grot,<br />
  58 And there she wept and sighed full sore,<br />
  59 And there I shut her wild, wild eyes<br />
  60 With kisses four.<br />
  61 <br />
  62 And there she lullèd me asleep,<br />
  63 And there I dreamed—Ah! woe betide!—<br />
  64 The latest dream I ever dreamt<br />
  65 On the cold hill side.<br />
  66 <br />
  67 I saw pale kings and princes too,<br />
  68 Pale warriors, death-pale were they all;<br />
  69 They cried—'La Belle Dame sans Merci<br />
  70 Hath thee in thrall!'<br />
  71 <br />
  72 I saw their starved lips in the gloam,<br />
  73 With horrid warning gapèd wide,<br />
  74 And I awoke and found me here,<br />
  75 On the cold hill's side.<br />
  76 <br />
  77 And this is why I sojourn here,<br />
  78 Alone and palely loitering,<br />
  79 Though the sedge is withered from the lake,<br />
  80 And no birds sing.
  81  ||  ||
  82 Ah, what can ail thee, wretched wight,<br />
  83 Alone and palely loitering?<br />
  84 The sedge is wither'd from the lake,<br />
  85 And no birds sing.<br />
  86 <br />
  87 Ah, what can ail thee, wretched wight,<br />
  88 So haggard and so woe-begone?<br />
  89 The squirrel's granary is full,<br />
  90 And the harvest's done.<br />
  91 <br />
  92 I see a lily on thy brow,<br />
  93 With anguish moist and fever-dew,<br />
  94 And on thy cheek a fading rose<br />
  95 Fast withereth too.<br />
  96 <br />
  97 I met a lady in the meads,<br />
  98 Full beautiful, a faery's child;<br />
  99 Her hair was long, her foot was light,<br />
 100 And her eyes were wild.<br />
 101 <br />
 102 I set her on my pacing steed,<br />
 103 And nothing else saw all day long,<br />
 104 For sideways would she lean, and sing<br />
 105 A faery’s song.<br />
 106 <br />
 107 I made a garland for her head,<br />
 108 And bracelets too, and fragrant zone;<br />
 109 She look'd at me as she did love,<br />
 110 And made sweet moan.<br />
 111 <br />
 112 She found me roots of relish sweet,<br />
 113 And honey wild, and manna dew,<br />
 114 And sure in language strange she said.—<br />
 115 I love thee true.<br />
 116 <br />
 117 She took me to her elfin grot,<br />
 118 And there she gaz'd and sighed deep,<br />
 119 And there I shut her wild sad eyes<br />
 120 So kiss'd to sleep.<br />
 121 <br />
 122 And there we slumber'd on the moss,<br />
 123 And there I dream'd, ah woe betide!—<br />
 124 The latest dream I ever dream'd<br />
 125 On the cold hill side.<br />
 126 <br />
 127 I saw pale kings, and princes too,<br />
 128 Pale warriors, death-pale were they all;<br />
 129 Who cry'd—'La Belle Dame sans Merci<br />
 130 Hath thee in thrall!'<br />
 131 <br />
 132 I saw their starv'd lips in the gloam,<br />
 133 With horrid warning gaped wide,<br />
 134 And I awoke, and found me here,<br />
 135 On the cold hill’s side.<br />
 136 <br />
 137 And this is why I sojourn here,<br />
 138 Alone and palely loitering,<br />
 139 Though the sedge is withered from the lake,<br />
 140 And no birds sing.
 141
 142 |}
 143
 144 ==Inspiration==
 145 In 2019 literary scholars [[Richard Marggraf Turley]] and Jennifer Squire proposed that the ballad may have been inspired by the tomb effigy of [[Richard FitzAlan, 10th Earl of Arundel]] (d. 1376) in [[Chichester Cathedral]]. At the time of Keats' visit in 1819, the effigy stood mutilated and separated from that of Arundel's second wife, [[Eleanor of Lancaster]] (d. 1372), in the northern outer aisle. The figures were reunited and restored by Edward Richardson in 1843, and later inspired [[Philip Larkin]]'s 1956 poem "[[An Arundel Tomb]]".<ref name="pau_20190516_chinchestereffigies"/><ref name="marggraf_20190716_chinchester"/>
 146
 147 == In other media ==
 148
 149 === Visual depictions ===
 150 {{Commons category|La Belle Dame sans Merci}}
 151 "La Belle Dame sans Merci" was a popular subject for the [[Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood]]. It was depicted by [[Frank Dicksee]],<ref name="dicksee_1890_painting" /> [[Frank Cadogan Cowper]], [[John William Waterhouse]],<ref name="waterhouse_1893_painting" /> [[Arthur Hughes (artist)|Arthur Hughes]],<ref name="hughes_18xx_painting" /> [[Walter Crane]],<ref name="crane_1865_painting" /> and Henry Maynell Rheam.<ref name="rheam_1901_painting" /> It was also satirized in the 1&nbsp;December 1920 edition of ''[[Punch (magazine)|Punch]]'' magazine.<ref name="punch_1920_drawing" />
 152
 153 === Musical settings ===
 154 Around 1910, [[Charles Villiers Stanford]] produced a musical setting for the poem. It is a dramatic interpretation requiring a skilled (male) vocalist and equally skilled accompanist.<ref name="stanford_1910_score" /> In the 21st century it remains popular and is included on many anthologies of English song or British Art Music recorded by famous artists.<ref name="hyperion_2022_commerciallistingspromo"/>
 155
 156 In 1935, [[Patrick Hadley]] wrote a version of the Stanford score for tenor, [[SATB|four-part chorus]], and orchestra.<ref name="hadley_1935_score" />
 157
 158 Ukrainian composer [[Valentyn Silvestrov]] wrote a song for baritone and piano after Russian translation of the poem. It belongs to Silvestrov's song cycle ''Quiet Songs (Silent Songs)'' (1974–1975).
 159
 160 A setting of the poem, in German translation, appears on the 2009 music album ''Buch der Balladen'' by [[Faun (band)|Faun]].<ref name="faun_2009_balladen" />
 161
 162 A lyrical, mystical musical setting of this poem has been composed by [[Loreena McKennitt]], published in her 2018 CD ''Lost Souls''.<ref name="mckennitt_2018_lost" />
 163
 164 === Film ===
 165 The 1915 American film ''[[The Poet of the Peaks]]'' was based upon the poem.<ref name="reaves_1915_peaks" />
 166
 167 [[Germaine Dulac]]'s 1920 ''La Belle Dame sans Merci'' explores the archetype of the ''femme fatale''.<ref name="icr_20200829_filmdulac"/><ref name="dulac_1920_film"/>
 168
 169 [[Natassia Malthe]] stars as "The Lady" in Hidetoshi Oneda 2005 fantasy short of the same title.
 170
 171 [[Ben Whishaw]] recites the poem in the 2009 Keats biopic ''[[Bright Star (film)|Bright Star]]''.
 172
 173 ===Books ===
 174 The poem is mentioned in the story entitled "The case of Three Gables" from the 1893 book ''[[The Memoirs of Sherlock Holmes]]'' by Sir [[Arthur Conan Doyle]]. In it Holmes compares and matches the character sketch of Isadora Klein with La Belle Dame sans Merci.<ref name="doyle_1893_sherlock" />
 175
 176 In Agatha Christie's 1936 mystery novel ''[[Murder in Mesopotamia]]'', the plot is centered upon an unusual woman named Louise Leidner who is described multiple times as "a kind of Belle Dame sin Merci". One character describes her as possessing a "calamitous magic that plays the devil with things".<ref name="christie_2003_mesopotamia-cd" /><ref name="christie_1936_mesopotamia" />
 177
 178 [[Vladimir Nabokov]]'s books ''[[The Real Life of Sebastian Knight]]'' (1941), ''[[Lolita]]'' (1955) and ''[[Pale Fire]]'' (1962) allude to the poem.<!--books around 1950s, reference needed-->
 179
 180 The last two lines of the first verse ("The sedge has withered from the lake/And no birds sing") were used as an epigraph for [[Rachel Carson]]'s book ''[[Silent Spring]]'' (1962), about the environmental damage caused by the irresponsible use of pesticides.  The second line was repeated later in the book, as the title of a chapter about their specific effects on birds.<ref name="carson_2002_silentspring" />
 181
 182 The last two lines of the 11th verse are used as the title of a science fiction short story, "And I awoke and found me here on the cold hill's side" (1973) by [[James Tiptree Jr.]]<ref name="tiptree_1973" />
 183
 184 [[Roger Zelazny]]'s ''Amber Chronicles'' refer to the poem in Chapter Five of ''The Courts of Chaos'' (1978) wherein the protagonist journeys to a land that resembles the poem.<ref name="zelazny_1978_chaos" />
 185
 186 [[John Kennedy Toole]]'s novel ''[[A Confederacy of Dunces]]'' (1980) alludes to the poem in initially describing the main character's home.<ref name="toole_1980_dunces" />
 187
 188 [[Farley Mowat]]'s 1980 memoir of his experiences in World War II is entitled ''And No Birds Sang''.<ref name="mowat_1979_birds" />
 189
 190 ''[[Pale Kings and Princes]]'', a 1987 [[Spenser (character)|Spenser]] novel by [[Robert B. Parker]], takes its title from the poem.
 191
 192 The line is also featured in [[Philip Roth]]'s ''The Human Stain'' (2000) in reaction to Coleman describing his new, far younger love interest.<ref name="roth_2000_stain" />
 193
 194 In Chapter 32 of [[Kristine Smith]]'s novel ''Law Of Survival'' (2001) the protagonist, Jani, reveals her true hybrid eyes to the general public for the first time, then she asks another character, Niall, what she looks like.  Niall smiles and quotes a snippet of La Belle Dame sans Merci and gives Keats credit for his words.<ref name="smith_2001_survival" />
 195
 196 The Beldam in Neil Gaiman's 2002 horror-fantasy novel ''[[Coraline]]'' references the mysterious woman who is also known as Belle Dame. Both share many similarities as both lure their protagonists into their lair by showing their love towards them and giving them treats to enjoy. The protagonists in both stories also encounter the ghosts who have previously met both women and warn the protagonist about their true colours and at the end of the story, the protagonist is stuck in their lair, with the exception of Coraline who managed to escape while the unnamed knight in this poem is still stuck in the mysterious fairy's lair.<ref name="gaiman_2002_coraline" />
 197
 198 [[L. A. Meyer]]'s ''Bloody Jack'' series (2002–2014) features a take on La Belle Dame sans Merci, adapted to reflect the protagonists age. Mary "Jacky" Faber became known as "La belle jeune fille sans merci".<!-- reference needed-->
 199
 200 In ''Hunting Ground'' (2009) by [[Patricia Briggs]], La Belle Dame sans Merci is identified as The Lady of the Lake and is a hidden antagonist.<ref name="briggs_2009_hunting" />
 201
 202 [[David Foster Wallace]]'s 2011 novel ''[[The Pale King]]'' alludes to the poem in its title.<ref name="wallace_2011_king" />
 203
 204 [[Cassandra Clare]]'s 2016 collection of novellas ''[[Tales From the Shadowhunter Academy]]'' includes a novella titled Pale Kings and Princes, named after the line "I saw pale kings and princes too/Pale warriors, death-pale were they all". Three of the poem's stanzas are also excerpted in the story.<ref name="clare_2016_shadowhunter" />
 205
 206 The last two lines of the first verse ("The sedge has withered from the lake/And no birds sing") are used in the text of the 2019 Nebula award-winning science fiction story ''[[This Is How You Lose the Time War]]'' by Amal El-Mohtar and Max Gladstone (2019).<ref>"This Is How You Lose The Time War" by Amal El-Mohtar and Max Gladstone (Saga books, 2019)</ref>
 207
 208 ===Television===
 209 {{Expand section | date = November 2018}}
 210
 211 ''[[Rosemary & Thyme]]'' – Season 1, Episode 1<ref name="rosemary_20030831" />
 212
 213 [[Californication (TV series)|''Californication'']] – Season 1, Episode 5<ref name="californ_20070910" />
 214
 215 ''[[Downton Abbey]]'' – Season 6, Episode 5<ref name="abbey_20151018" />
 216
 217 ''[[Victoria (UK TV series)|Victoria]]'' – Season 2, Episode 3<ref name="victoria_20170910" />
 218
 219 The theme of a woman seducing men to keep herself immortal is in ''The Twilight Zone'' series episode "[[Queen of the Nile (The Twilight Zone)|Queen of the Nile]]".
 220
 221 It has also been suggested that there is a strong similarity with the plot of Monty Python's [[Seduced Milkmen]] sketch.
 222
 223 ===Other===
 224 In a March 2017 interview with ''[[The Quietus]]'' the English songwriter and musician [[John Lydon]] cited the poem as a favourite.<ref name="quietus_20170321_interview-fb" />
 225
 226 In the popular trading card game, ''Magic the Gathering'', the card "Merieke Ri Berit" is modeled after this poem.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Merieke Ri Berit|url=https://mtg.gamepedia.com/Merieke_Ri_Berit|access-date=2020-06-12|website=MTG Wiki|language=en}}</ref>
 227
 228 ==References==
 229 {{Reflist|refs=
 230
 231 <ref name="symons_2004_title">{{cite web
 232  |url          = http://www.lib.rochester.edu/camelot/teams/sym4int.htm
 233  |title        = La Belle Dame sans Mercy – Introduction
 234  |author       = Dana M. Symons
 235  |year         = 2004
 236  |work         = Chaucerian Dream Visions and Complaints
 237  |publisher    = Medieval Institute Publications
 238  |access-date  = 2018-11-30
 239  |archive-url  = https://web.archive.org/web/20180627144305/http://d.lib.rochester.edu/teams/text/symons-chaucerian-dream-visions-and-complaints-la-belle-dame-sans-mercy-introduction
 240  |archive-date = 2018-06-27
 241  |url-status   = dead
 242 }}</ref>
 243
 244 <ref name="everest_2002_lovedeath">{{cite book
 245 | last          = Everest
 246 | first         = Kelvin
 247 | author2       = British Council
 248 | author2-link       = British Council
 249 | date          = 2002
 250 | title         = John Keats
 251 | url           = https://books.google.com/books?id=9vZaAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA86
 252 | publisher     = Northcote House
 253 | isbn          = 9780746308073
 254 | oclc          = 50526132
 255 | page          = 86
 256 }}</ref>
 257
 258 <ref name="quietus_20170321_interview-fb">{{cite AV media
 259 | url           = https://www.facebook.com/TheQuietus/videos/1341715772538876/
 260 | title         = The Quietus - John Lydon Official interview LIVE
 261 | date          = 2017-03-21
 262 | publisher     = Facebook
 263 | language      = en
 264 | access-date   = 2018-11-30
 265 }}</ref>
 266
 267 <ref name="tiptree_1973">{{cite book
 268 | title         = Ten thousand light-years from home
 269 | url         = https://archive.org/details/tenthousandlight00tipt
 270 | url-access    = registration
 271 | chapter       = And I Awoke and Found Me Here on the Cold Hill's Side
 272 | last          = Tiptree
 273 | first         = James Jr.
 274 | date          = 1973
 275 | publisher     = [[Ace Books]]
 276 | location      = New York
 277 | oclc          = 50687237
 278 }}</ref>
 279
 280 <ref name="carson_2002_silentspring">{{cite book
 281 | title         = [[Silent Spring]]
 282 | last          = Carson
 283 | first         = Rachel
 284 | date          = 2002
 285 | publisher     = [[Houghton Mifflin]]
 286 | location      = Cambridge, Massachusetts
 287 | author-link   = Rachel Carson
 288 | oclc          = 806409808
 289 | isbn          = 9780618249060 <!--Replace with ref to earlier version (ex:1962) if quote presence confirmed.-->
 290 }}</ref>
 291
 292 <ref name="roth_2000_stain">{{cite book
 293 | title         = [[The Human Stain]]
 294 | last          = Roth
 295 | first         = Philip
 296 | date          = 2000
 297 | publisher     = [[Houghton Mifflin]]
 298 | author-link   = Philip Roth
 299 | oclc          = 930877308
 300 | page          = 27
 301 }}</ref>
 302
 303 <ref name="gaiman_2002_coraline">{{cite book
 304 | title         = Coraline
 305 | last          = Gaiman
 306 | first         = Neil
 307 | date          = 2002
 308 | location      = London
 309 | publisher     = [[Bloomsbury Publishing]]
 310 | author-link   = Neil Gaiman
 311 | oclc          = 441090183
 312 | isbn          = 9780747558781
 313 }}</ref>
 314
 315 <ref name="clare_2016_shadowhunter">{{cite book
 316 | title         = [[Tales From the Shadowhunter Academy]]
 317 | last          = Clare
 318 | first         = Cassandra
 319 | date          = 2016
 320 | location      = London
 321 | publisher     = [[Walker Books]]
 322 | oclc          = 1028442554
 323 | isbn          = 9781406362848
 324 }}</ref>
 325
 326 <ref name="briggs_2009_hunting">{{cite book |title       = Hunting Ground
 327  |last        = Briggs
 328  |first       = Patricia
 329  |date        = 2009
 330  |location    = New York
 331  |publisher   = Berkley Pub. Group
 332  |oclc        = 865278362
 333  |isbn        = 9780441017386
 334  |author-link = Patricia Briggs
 335  |url-access  = registration
 336  |url         = https://archive.org/details/huntingground00brig
 337 }}</ref>
 338
 339 <ref name="wallace_2011_king">{{cite book
 340 | title         = [[The Pale King]]
 341 | last          = Wallace
 342 | first         = David Foster
 343 | date          = 2011
 344 | location      = London
 345 | publisher     = Hamish Hamilton
 346 | oclc          = 729687079
 347 | isbn          = 9780241144800
 348 | author-link   = David Foster Wallace
 349 }}</ref>
 350
 351 <ref name="doyle_1893_sherlock">{{cite book
 352 | title         = [[The Memoirs of Sherlock Holmes]]
 353 | last          = Doyle
 354 | first         = Arthur Conan
 355 | date          = 1893
 356 | author-link   = Arthur Conan Doyle
 357 }}</ref>
 358
 359 <ref name="mowat_1979_birds">{{cite book
 360 | title         = And No Birds Sang
 361 | last          = Mowat
 362 | first         = Farley
 363 | date          = 1979
 364 | location      = London
 365 | publisher     = Cassell
 366 | oclc          = 16557956
 367 | isbn          = 9780304307470
 368 | author-link   = Farley Mowat
 369 }}</ref>
 370
 371 <ref name="zelazny_1978_chaos">{{cite book
 372 | title         = Chronicles of Amber. Volume II
 373 | chapter       = Chapter 5, The Courts of Chaos
 374 | last          = Zelazny
 375 | first         = Roger
 376 | date          = 1978
 377 | location      = Garden City, New York
 378 | publisher     = Nelson Doubleday Pub.
 379 | oclc          = 316235986
 380 | author-link   = Roger Zelazny
 381 }}</ref>
 382
 383 <ref name="toole_1980_dunces">{{cite book
 384 | title         = [[A Confederacy of Dunces]]
 385 | last          = Toole
 386 | first         = John Kennedy
 387 | date          = 1980
 388 | location      = Baton Rouge
 389 | publisher     = Louisiana State University Press
 390 | oclc          = 318457173
 391 | isbn          = 9780807106570
 392 | author-link   = John Kennedy Toole
 393 }}</ref>
 394
 395 <ref name="smith_2001_survival">{{cite book
 396 | title         = Law of Survival
 397 | url         = https://archive.org/details/lawofsurvival0000smit
 398 | url-access    = registration
 399 | chapter       = 32
 400 | last          = Smith
 401 | first         = Kristine
 402 | date          = 2001
 403 | location      = New York, NY
 404 | publisher     = Eos Books
 405 | oclc          = 48105904
 406 | isbn          = 9780380807857
 407 | author-link   = Kristine Smith
 408 }}</ref>
 409
 410 <ref name="reaves_1915_peaks">{{cite AV media
 411 | people        = Eason, Reaves (Director)
 412 | date          = 1915-04-12
 413 | title         = The Poet of the Peaks
 414 | medium        = motion picture
 415 | language      = en
 416 | time          = <!-- Insert relevant hh:mm time in movie referencing poem.-->
 417 | location      = USA
 418 | publisher     = Mutual Film
 419 | oclc          =<!-- None found-->
 420 }}</ref>
 421
 422 <ref name="mckennitt_2018_lost">{{cite AV media
 423 | people        = McKennitt, Loreena (Artist)
 424 | date          = 2018
 425 | title         = Lost Souls
 426 | medium        = audio compact disc
 427 | location      = New York, NY
 428 | publisher     = Universal Music Enterprises
 429 | oclc          = 1048033767
 430 }}</ref>
 431
 432 <ref name="faun_2009_balladen">{{cite AV media
 433 | people        = Faun (Album)
 434 | date          = 2009
 435 | title         = Buch Der Balladen
 436 | trans-title   = Book of Ballads
 437 | medium        = audio compact disc
 438 | oclc          = 1010338374
 439 | asin          = B00CV9225E
 440 | at            = track 10 "Belle Dame Sana Merci"
 441 }}</ref>
 442
 443 <ref name="stanford_1910_score">{{cite AV media
 444 | people        = Stanford, Charles Villiers (music), Keats, John (words)
 445 | date          = 1910 <!-- Note: This is an approximate year.-->
 446 | title         = La belle dame sans merci : ballad (For voice and piano)
 447 | medium        = musical score
 448 | location      = London
 449 | publisher     = Augener & Co.
 450 | oclc          = 433495401
 451 }}</ref>
 452
 453 <ref name="hadley_1935_score">{{cite AV media
 454 | people        = Hadley, Patrick (music), Keats, John (words)
 455 | date          = 1935
 456 | title         = La belle dame sans merci
 457 | medium        = printed musical score
 458 | location      = London
 459 | publisher     = Curwen
 460 | oclc          = 24862985
 461 }}</ref>
 462
 463 <ref name="californ_20070910">{{Cite episode
 464  | title          = LOL
 465  | episode-link   = List_of_Californication_episodes#Season_1_(2007)
 466  | series         = Californication
 467  | series-link    = Californication (TV series)
 468  | first          = Tom
 469  | last           = Kampinos
 470  | network        = Showtime
 471  | date           = 2007-09-10
 472  | season         = 1
 473  | number         = 5
 474  | language       = en
 475  | oclc           = 941908978
 476 }}</ref>
 477
 478 <ref name="rosemary_20030831">{{Cite episode
 479  | title          = And No Birds Sing
 480  | episode-link   = Rosemary_%26_Thyme#Series_1_(2003)
 481  | series         = Rosemary & Thyme
 482  | series-link    = Rosemary & Thyme
 483  | first1         = Brian
 484  | last1          = Eastman
 485  | first2         = Clive
 486  | last2          = Exton
 487  | network        = ITV
 488  | date           = 2003-08-31
 489  | season         = 1
 490  | number         = 1
 491  | language       = en
 492  | oclc           = 1040647468
 493 }}</ref>
 494
 495 <ref name="abbey_20151018">{{Cite episode
 496  | title          = Episode 5
 497  | episode-link   = List_of_Downton_Abbey_episodes#Series_6_(2015)
 498  | series         = Downton Abbey
 499  | series-link    = Downton Abbey
 500  | first          = Fellowes
 501  | last           = Julian
 502  | network        = ITV
 503  | date           = 2015-10-18
 504  | season         = 6
 505  | number         = 5
 506  | language       = en
 507  | oclc           = 932137942
 508 }}</ref>
 509
 510 <ref name="victoria_20170910">{{Cite episode
 511  | title          = Warp and Weft
 512  | episode-link   = Victoria_(UK_TV_series)#Series_2_(2017)
 513  | series         = Victoria
 514  | series-link    = Victoria (UK TV series)
 515  | first          = Sax
 516  | last           = Geoffrey
 517  | network        = ITV
 518  | date           = 2017-09-10
 519  | season         = 2
 520  | number         = 3
 521  | language       = en
 522  | oclc           = 1026276682
 523 }}</ref>
 524
 525 <ref name="keats_1905_selincourt">{{cite book
 526 | title        = The Poems of John Keats
 527 | url          = https://archive.org/details/poemsofjohnkeats00keat
 528 | last         = Keats
 529 | first        = John
 530 | author-link  = John Keats
 531 | editor-last  = Sélincourt
 532 | editor-first = Ernest De
 533 | editor-link  = Ernest de Sélincourt
 534 | date         = 1905
 535 | location     = New York
 536 | publisher    = Dodd, Mead & Company
 537 | pages        = [https://archive.org/details/poemsofjohnkeats00keat/page/244 244]-247
 538 | oclc         = 11128824
 539 }}</ref>
 540
 541 <ref name="Oxford_English_Verse">{{cite book
 542 | title        = Oxford Book of English Verse 1250-1900
 543 | url          = https://www.bartleby.com/101/633.html
 544 | last         = Keats
 545 | first        = John
 546 | author-link  = John Keats
 547 | editor-last  = Quiller-Couch
 548 | editor-first = Sir Arthur Thomas
 549 | editor-link  = Sir Arthur Thomas Quiller-Couch
 550 | date         = 1919
 551 | location     = Oxford
 552 | publisher    = Clarendon Press
 553 | via          = [[Bartleby.com]]
 554 | oclc         = 1171806391
 555 }}</ref>
 556
 557 <ref name="crane_1865_painting">{{Citation
 558 | last          = Crane
 559 | first         = Walter T.
 560 | year          = 1865
 561 | title         = Le belle Dame Sans Merci
 562 | publisher     = Wikimedia Commons, the free media repository
 563 | url           = https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Walter_T._Crane_-_La_belle_Dame_Sans_Merci_(1865).jpg&oldid=290464764
 564 | access-date   = 2018-11-30
 565 }}</ref>
 566
 567 <ref name="waterhouse_1893_painting">{{Citation
 568 | last          = Waterhouse
 569 | first         = John William
 570 | year          = 1893
 571 | title         = La Belle Dame Sans Merci
 572 | publisher     = Wikimedia Commons, the free media repository
 573 | url           = https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:La_Belle_Dame_Sans_Merci,_by_John_William_Waterhouse,_1893,_oil_on_canvas_-_Hessisches_Landesmuseum_Darmstadt_-_Darmstadt,_Germany_-_DSC01228.jpg&oldid=260668475
 574 | access-date   = 2018-11-30
 575 }}</ref>
 576
 577 <ref name="dicksee_1890_painting">{{Citation
 578 | last          = Frank
 579 | first         = Dicksee
 580 | year          = 1890
 581 | title         = La Belle Dame Sans Merci
 582 | publisher     = Wikimedia Commons, the free media repository
 583 | url           = https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Redgirl_and_knight02.jpg&oldid=309188121
 584 | access-date   = 2018-11-30
 585 }}</ref>
 586
 587 <ref name="rheam_1901_painting">{{Citation
 588 | last          = Rheam
 589 | first         = Henry Meynell
 590 | year          = 1901
 591 | title         = La  Belle Dame sans Merci
 592 | publisher     = Wikimedia Commons, the free media repository
 593 | url           = https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Henry_Meynell_Rheam_-_La_Belle_Dame_sans_Merci.jpg&oldid=119268210
 594 | access-date   = 2018-11-30
 595 }}</ref>
 596
 597 <ref name="hughes_18xx_painting">{{Citation
 598 | last          = Hugues
 599 | first         = Arthur
 600 | author-link   = Arthur Hughes (artist)
 601 | year          = <!-- Difficult to pin down.-->
 602 | title         = La Belle Dame Sans Merci
 603 | publisher     = Wikimedia Commons, the free media repository
 604 | url           = https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Arthur_Hugues_-_La_belle_dame_sans_merci.jpg&oldid=132350511
 605 | access-date   = 2018-11-30
 606 }}</ref>
 607
 608 <ref name="punch_1920_drawing">{{Citation
 609 | date          = 1920-12-01
 610 | title         = LA BELLE DAME SANS MERCI
 611 | publisher     = [[Punch (magazine)|Punch]]
 612 | url           = https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:La_Belle_Dame_sans_Merci_-_Punch_cartoon_-_Project_Gutenberg_eText_19105.png&oldid=241841701
 613 | access-date   = 2018-11-30
 614 }}</ref>
 615
 616 <ref name="cooper_1986_fatale">{{cite journal
 617 | last          = Cooper
 618 | first         = Robyn
 619 | date          = 1986
 620 | editor-last1   = Dean
 621 | editor-first1  = Sonia
 622 | editor-last2  = Ryan
 623 | editor-first2 = Judith
 624 | title         = Arthur Hughes's La Belle Dame sans merci and the femme fatale
 625 | url           = https://www.ngv.vic.gov.au/essay/arthur-hughess-la-belle-dame-sans-merci-and-the-femme-fatale/
 626 | archive-url   = https://web.archive.org/web/20170526185635/https://www.ngv.vic.gov.au/essay/arthur-hughess-la-belle-dame-sans-merci-and-the-femme-fatale/
 627 | url-status      = live
 628 | journal       = Art Bulletin of Victoria
 629 | volume        = 27
 630 | issn          = 0066-7935
 631 | publisher     = Council of Trustees of the National Gallery of Victoria
 632 | oclc          = 888714380
 633 | archive-date  = 2017-05-26
 634 | access-date   = 2018-11-30
 635 }}</ref>
 636
 637 <ref name="christie_2003_mesopotamia-cd">{{cite AV media
 638 | people        = Christie, Agatha (author); Bakewell, Michael
 639 | date          = 2003
 640 | title         = [[Murder in Mesopotamia]] : A BBC Radio 4 full-cast dramatisation
 641 | medium        = audio compact disc
 642 | language      = en
 643 | time          = 01:16:55 <!--See also 00:20:03-->
 644 | location      = Bath
 645 | publisher     = BBC Audiobooks
 646 | isbn          = 9780563494232
 647 | oclc          = 938615128
 648 | quote         = POIROT:But Louise Leidner was no ordinary woman. DR REILLY:She certainly was not. She'd got that sort of... calamitous magic that plays the devil with things. Kind of a Belle Dame sans Merci.
 649 | author-link   = Agatha Christie
 650 }}</ref>
 651
 652 <ref name="christie_1936_mesopotamia">{{cite book
 653 | title         = Murder in Mesopotamia
 654 | last          = Christie
 655 | first         = Agatha
 656 | date          = 1936
 657 | chapter       = Chapter 19. A New Suspicion
 658 | location      = London
 659 | publisher     = Published for the Crime club by Collins
 660 | oclc          = 938286864
 661 | author-link   = Agatha Christie
 662 | quote         = But Mrs. Leidner was something out of the ordinary in that line. She'd got just that sort of calamitous magic that plays the deuce with things - a kind of Belle Dame sans Merci.
 663 }}</ref>
 664
 665 <ref name="pau_20190516_chinchestereffigies">{{cite web
 666 | title         = Old sketches, maps and gothic effigies unlock secrets of John Keats's famous poem 'La Belle Dame Sans Merci'
 667 | publisher     = Aberystwyth University
 668 | date          = 16 May 2019
 669 | url           = https://www.aber.ac.uk/en/news/archive/2019/05/title-223178-en.html?bblinkid=160156052&bbemailid=13965598&bbejrid=1065862831
 670 | access-date   = 25 December 2019
 671 | archive-url   = https://web.archive.org/web/20220718041655/https://www.aber.ac.uk/en/news/archive/2019/05/title-223178-en.html
 672 | archive-date  = 18 July 2022
 673 | url-status    = live
 674 }}</ref>
 675
 676 <ref name="marggraf_20190716_chinchester">{{cite web
 677 | first         = Richard
 678 | last          = Marggraf Turley
 679 | author-link   = Richard Marggraf Turley
 680 | title         = How a stone knight inspired two very different visions of love from John Keats and Philip Larkin
 681 | publisher     = The Conversation
 682 | date          = 16 July 2019
 683 | url           = https://theconversation.com/how-a-stone-knight-inspired-two-very-different-visions-of-love-from-john-keats-and-philip-larkin-120377
 684 | access-date   = 25 December 2019
 685 | archive-url   = https://web.archive.org/web/20220507202804/https://theconversation.com/how-a-stone-knight-inspired-two-very-different-visions-of-love-from-john-keats-and-philip-larkin-120377
 686 | archive-date  = 7 May 2022
 687 | url-status    = live
 688 }}</ref>
 689
 690 <ref name="hyperion_2022_commerciallistingspromo">{{Cite web
 691 | url           = https://www.hyperion-records.co.uk/tw.asp?w=W6062
 692 | title         = La belle dame sans merci - Hyperion Records - CDs, MP3 and Lossless downloads
 693 | website       = www.hyperion-records.co.uk
 694 | access-date   = 8 April 2019
 695 | archive-url   = https://web.archive.org/web/20220507202804/https://www.hyperion-records.co.uk/tw.asp?w=W6062
 696 | archive-date  = 7 May 2022
 697 | url-status    = live
 698 }}</ref>
 699
 700 <ref name="icr_20200829_filmdulac">{{cite web
 701 | url           = https://festival.ilcinemaritrovato.it/en/proiezione/la-belle-dame-sans-merci/
 702 | title         = La Belle Dame sans Merci
 703 | website       = Il Cinema Ritrovato]
 704 | access-date   = 18 July 2022
 705 | archive-url   = https://web.archive.org/web/20210506003403/https://festival.ilcinemaritrovato.it/en/proiezione/la-belle-dame-sans-merci/
 706 | archive-date  = 6 May 2021
 707 | url-status    = live
 708 }}</ref>
 709
 710 <ref name="dulac_1920_film">{{cite AV media
 711 | title         = La Belle Dame sans merci
 712 | people        = Dulac, Germaine (director)
 713 | date          = 1920
 714 | oclc          = 691529310
 715 }}</ref>
 716
 717 }}
 718
 719 == External links ==
 720 {{Wikisource|La Belle Dame sans Merci}}
 721 * {{StandardEbooks|Standard Ebooks URL=https://standardebooks.org/ebooks/john-keats/poetry|Display Name=An omnibus collection of Keats' poetry|noitalics=true}}
 722
 723 {{John Keats}}
 724 {{Authority control}}
 725
 726 {{DEFAULTSORT:Belle Dame Sans Merci, La}}
 727 [[Category:1819 poems]]
 728 [[Category:Gothic fiction]]
 729 [[Category:Poetry by John Keats]]
 730 [[Category:Witchcraft in written fiction]]