55bf3f64db890bfbd5f30d710453cd5e15e2dd94
[BK-2020-09.git] / en.wikipedia.org / La_Belle_Dame_sans_Merci / article.txt
1 {{For|the 15th-century poem by Alain Chartier|La Belle Dame sans Mercy}}
2 {{Use dmy dates|date=April 2022}}
3
4 [[File:John William Waterhouse - La Belle Dame sans Merci (1893).jpg|thumb|[[John William Waterhouse]] – ''La belle dame sans merci'', 1893]]
5 [[File:Henry Meynell Rheam - La Belle Dame sans Merci.jpg|thumb|''La Belle Dame sans Merci'' by [[Henry Meynell Rheam]], 1901]]
6 [[File:Arthur Hugues - La belle dame sans merci.jpg|thumb|[[Arthur Hughes (artist)|Arthur Hughes]] – ''La belle dame sans merci'']]
7 [[File:Dicksee Frank, La Belle Dame Sans Merci.jpg|thumb|[[Frank Dicksee]] – ''La belle dame sans merci'', c. 1901]]
8 [[File:La Belle Dame sans Merci - Punch cartoon - Project Gutenberg eText 19105.png|thumb|''[[Punch (magazine)|Punch]]'' magazine cartoon, 1920]]
9
10 "'''La Belle Dame sans Merci'''" ("The Beautiful Lady Without Mercy") is a [[ballad]] produced by the [[England|English]] poet [[John Keats]] in 1819. The title was derived from the title of a 15th-century poem by [[Alain Chartier]] called ''[[La Belle Dame sans Mercy]]''.<ref name="symons_2004_title" />
11
12 Considered an English classic, the poem is an example of Keats' poetic preoccupation with love and death.<ref name="everest_2002_lovedeath" /> The poem is about a [[fairy]] who condemns a knight to an unpleasant fate after she seduces him with her eyes and singing. The fairy inspired several artists to paint images that became early examples of 19th-century ''[[femme fatale]]'' iconography.<ref name="cooper_1986_fatale" /> The poem continues to be referenced in many works of literature, music, art, and film.
13
14 ==Poem==
15 The poem is simple in structure with twelve [[stanza]]s of four lines each in an ABCB [[rhyme scheme]]. Below are both the original and revised version of the poem:<ref name="keats_1905_selincourt" /><ref name="Oxford_English_Verse" />
16
17 {|
18 |-
19 ! The original version, 1819 !! !! The revised version, 1820
20 |-
21 |
22 O what can ail thee, knight-at-arms,<br />
23 Alone and palely loitering?<br />
24 The sedge has withered from the lake,<br />
25 And no birds sing!<br />
26 <br />
27 O what can ail thee, knight-at-arms,<br />
28 So haggard and so woe-begone?<br />
29 The squirrel’s granary is full,<br />
30 And the harvest’s done.<br />
31 <br />
32 I see a lily on thy brow,<br />
33 With anguish moist and fever-dew,<br />
34 And on thy cheeks a fading rose<br />
35 Fast withereth too.<br />
36 <br />
37 I met a lady in the meads,<br />
38 Full beautiful, a fairy's child;<br />
39 Her hair was long, her foot was light,<br />
40 And her eyes were wild.<br />
41 <br />
42 I made a garland for her head,<br />
43 And bracelets too, and fragrant zone;<br />
44 She looked at me as she did love,<br />
45 And made sweet moan.<br />
46 <br />
47 I set her on my pacing steed,<br />
48 And nothing else saw all day long,<br />
49 For sidelong would she bend, and sing<br />
50 A faery's song.<br />
51 <br />
52 She found me roots of relish sweet,<br />
53 And honey wild, and manna-dew,<br />
54 And sure in language strange she said—<br />
55 'I love thee true'.<br />
56 <br />
57 She took me to her Elfin grot,<br />
58 And there she wept and sighed full sore,<br />
59 And there I shut her wild, wild eyes<br />
60 With kisses four.<br />
61 <br />
62 And there she lullèd me asleep,<br />
63 And there I dreamed—Ah! woe betide!—<br />
64 The latest dream I ever dreamt<br />
65 On the cold hill side.<br />
66 <br />
67 I saw pale kings and princes too,<br />
68 Pale warriors, death-pale were they all;<br />
69 They cried—'La Belle Dame sans Merci<br />
70 Hath thee in thrall!'<br />
71 <br />
72 I saw their starved lips in the gloam,<br />
73 With horrid warning gapèd wide,<br />
74 And I awoke and found me here,<br />
75 On the cold hill's side.<br />
76 <br />
77 And this is why I sojourn here,<br />
78 Alone and palely loitering,<br />
79 Though the sedge is withered from the lake,<br />
80 And no birds sing.
81 || ||
82 Ah, what can ail thee, wretched wight,<br />
83 Alone and palely loitering?<br />
84 The sedge is wither'd from the lake,<br />
85 And no birds sing.<br />
86 <br />
87 Ah, what can ail thee, wretched wight,<br />
88 So haggard and so woe-begone?<br />
89 The squirrel's granary is full,<br />
90 And the harvest's done.<br />
91 <br />
92 I see a lily on thy brow,<br />
93 With anguish moist and fever-dew,<br />
94 And on thy cheek a fading rose<br />
95 Fast withereth too.<br />
96 <br />
97 I met a lady in the meads,<br />
98 Full beautiful, a faery's child;<br />
99 Her hair was long, her foot was light,<br />
100 And her eyes were wild.<br />
101 <br />
102 I set her on my pacing steed,<br />
103 And nothing else saw all day long,<br />
104 For sideways would she lean, and sing<br />
105 A faery’s song.<br />
106 <br />
107 I made a garland for her head,<br />
108 And bracelets too, and fragrant zone;<br />
109 She look'd at me as she did love,<br />
110 And made sweet moan.<br />
111 <br />
112 She found me roots of relish sweet,<br />
113 And honey wild, and manna dew,<br />
114 And sure in language strange she said.—<br />
115 I love thee true.<br />
116 <br />
117 She took me to her elfin grot,<br />
118 And there she gaz'd and sighed deep,<br />
119 And there I shut her wild sad eyes<br />
120 So kiss'd to sleep.<br />
121 <br />
122 And there we slumber'd on the moss,<br />
123 And there I dream'd, ah woe betide!—<br />
124 The latest dream I ever dream'd<br />
125 On the cold hill side.<br />
126 <br />
127 I saw pale kings, and princes too,<br />
128 Pale warriors, death-pale were they all;<br />
129 Who cry'd—'La Belle Dame sans Merci<br />
130 Hath thee in thrall!'<br />
131 <br />
132 I saw their starv'd lips in the gloam,<br />
133 With horrid warning gaped wide,<br />
134 And I awoke, and found me here,<br />
135 On the cold hill’s side.<br />
136 <br />
137 And this is why I sojourn here,<br />
138 Alone and palely loitering,<br />
139 Though the sedge is withered from the lake,<br />
140 And no birds sing.
141
142 |}
143
144 ==Inspiration==
145 In 2019 literary scholars [[Richard Marggraf Turley]] and Jennifer Squire proposed that the ballad may have been inspired by the tomb effigy of [[Richard FitzAlan, 10th Earl of Arundel]] (d. 1376) in [[Chichester Cathedral]]. At the time of Keats' visit in 1819, the effigy stood mutilated and separated from that of Arundel's second wife, [[Eleanor of Lancaster]] (d. 1372), in the northern outer aisle. The figures were reunited and restored by Edward Richardson in 1843, and later inspired [[Philip Larkin]]'s 1956 poem "[[An Arundel Tomb]]".<ref>{{cite web |title=Old sketches, maps and gothic effigies unlock secrets of John Keats's famous poem 'La Belle Dame Sans Merci' |publisher=Aberystwyth University |date=16 May 2019 |url=https://www.aber.ac.uk/en/news/archive/2019/05/title-223178-en.html?bblinkid=160156052&bbemailid=13965598&bbejrid=1065862831 |access-date=25 December 2019 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |first=Richard |last=Marggraf Turley |author-link=Richard Marggraf Turley |title=How a stone knight inspired two very different visions of love from John Keats and Philip Larkin |publisher=The Conversation |date=16 July 2019 |url=https://theconversation.com/how-a-stone-knight-inspired-two-very-different-visions-of-love-from-john-keats-and-philip-larkin-120377 |access-date=25 December 2019 }}</ref>
146
147 == In other media ==
148
149 === Visual depictions ===
150 {{Commons category|La Belle Dame sans Merci}}
151 "La Belle Dame sans Merci" was a popular subject for the [[Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood]]. It was depicted by [[Frank Dicksee]],<ref name="dicksee_1890_painting" /> [[Frank Cadogan Cowper]], [[John William Waterhouse]],<ref name="waterhouse_1893_painting" /> [[Arthur Hughes (artist)|Arthur Hughes]],<ref name="hughes_18xx_painting" /> [[Walter Crane]],<ref name="crane_1865_painting" /> and Henry Maynell Rheam.<ref name="rheam_1901_painting" /> It was also satirized in the 1&nbsp;December 1920 edition of ''[[Punch (magazine)|Punch]]'' magazine.<ref name="punch_1920_drawing" />
152
153 === Musical settings ===
154 Around 1910, [[Charles Villiers Stanford]] produced a musical setting for the poem. It is a dramatic interpretation requiring a skilled (male) vocalist and equally skilled accompanist.<ref name="stanford_1910_score" /> In the 21st century it remains popular and is included on many anthologies of English song or British Art Music recorded by famous artists.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.hyperion-records.co.uk/tw.asp?w=W6062|title=La belle dame sans merci - Hyperion Records - CDs, MP3 and Lossless downloads|website=www.hyperion-records.co.uk|access-date=2019-04-08}}</ref>
155
156 In 1935, [[Patrick Hadley]] wrote a version of the Stanford score for tenor, [[SATB|four-part chorus]], and orchestra.<ref name="hadley_1935_score" />
157
158 Ukrainian composer [[Valentyn Silvestrov]] wrote a song for baritone and piano after Russian translation of the poem. It belongs to Silvestrov's song cycle ''Quiet Songs (Silent Songs)'' (1974–1975).
159
160 A setting of the poem, in German translation, appears on the 2009 music album ''Buch der Balladen'' by [[Faun (band)|Faun]].<ref name="faun_2009_balladen" />
161
162 A lyrical, mystical musical setting of this poem has been composed by [[Loreena McKennitt]], published in her 2018 CD ''Lost Souls''.<ref name="mckennitt_2018_lost" />
163
164 === Film ===
165 The 1915 American film ''[[The Poet of the Peaks]]'' was based upon the poem.<ref name="reaves_1915_peaks" />
166
167 [[Germaine Dulac]]'s 1920 ''La Belle Dame sans Merci'' explores the archetype of the ''femme fatale''.<ref>[https://festival.ilcinemaritrovato.it/en/proiezione/la-belle-dame-sans-merci/ ''La Belle Dame sans Merci'', Il Cinema Ritrovato]</ref>
168
169 [[Natassia Malthe]] stars as "The Lady" in Hidetoshi Oneda 2005 fantasy short of the same title.
170
171 [[Ben Whishaw]] recites the poem in the 2009 Keats biopic ''[[Bright Star (film)|Bright Star]]''.
172
173 ===Books ===
174 The poem is mentioned in the story entitled "The case of Three Gables" from the 1893 book ''[[The Memoirs of Sherlock Holmes]]'' by Sir [[Arthur Conan Doyle]]. In it Holmes compares and matches the character sketch of Isadora Klein with La Belle Dame sans Merci.<ref name="doyle_1893_sherlock" />
175
176 In Agatha Christie's 1936 mystery novel ''[[Murder in Mesopotamia]]'', the plot is centered upon an unusual woman named Louise Leidner who is described multiple times as "a kind of Belle Dame sin Merci". One character describes her as possessing a "calamitous magic that plays the devil with things".<ref name="christie_2003_mesopotamia-cd" /><ref name="christie_1936_mesopotamia" />
177
178 [[Vladimir Nabokov]]'s books ''[[The Real Life of Sebastian Knight]]'' (1941), ''[[Lolita]]'' (1955) and ''[[Pale Fire]]'' (1962) allude to the poem.<!--books around 1950s, reference needed-->
179
180 The last two lines of the first verse ("The sedge has withered from the lake/And no birds sing") were used as an epigraph for [[Rachel Carson]]'s book ''[[Silent Spring]]'' (1962), about the environmental damage caused by the irresponsible use of pesticides. The second line was repeated later in the book, as the title of a chapter about their specific effects on birds.<ref name="carson_2002_silentspring" />
181
182 The last two lines of the 11th verse are used as the title of a science fiction short story, "And I awoke and found me here on the cold hill's side" (1973) by [[James Tiptree Jr.]]<ref name="tiptree_1973" />
183
184 [[Roger Zelazny]]'s ''Amber Chronicles'' refer to the poem in Chapter Five of ''The Courts of Chaos'' (1978) wherein the protagonist journeys to a land that resembles the poem.<ref name="zelazny_1978_chaos" />
185
186 [[John Kennedy Toole]]'s novel ''[[A Confederacy of Dunces]]'' (1980) alludes to the poem in initially describing the main character's home.<ref name="toole_1980_dunces" />
187
188 [[Farley Mowat]]'s 1980 memoir of his experiences in World War II is entitled ''And No Birds Sang''.<ref name="mowat_1979_birds" />
189
190 ''[[Pale Kings and Princes]]'', a 1987 [[Spenser (character)|Spenser]] novel by [[Robert B. Parker]], takes its title from the poem.
191
192 The line is also featured in [[Philip Roth]]'s ''The Human Stain'' (2000) in reaction to Coleman describing his new, far younger love interest.<ref name="roth_2000_stain" />
193
194 In Chapter 32 of [[Kristine Smith]]'s novel ''Law Of Survival'' (2001) the protagonist, Jani, reveals her true hybrid eyes to the general public for the first time, then she asks another character, Niall, what she looks like. Niall smiles and quotes a snippet of La Belle Dame sans Merci and gives Keats credit for his words.<ref name="smith_2001_survival" />
195
196 The Beldam in Neil Gaiman's 2002 horror-fantasy novel ''[[Coraline]]'' references the mysterious woman who is also known as Belle Dame. Both share many similarities as both lure their protagonists into their lair by showing their love towards them and giving them treats to enjoy. The protagonists in both stories also encounter the ghosts who have previously met both women and warn the protagonist about their true colours and at the end of the story, the protagonist is stuck in their lair, with the exception of Coraline who managed to escape while the unnamed knight in this poem is still stuck in the mysterious fairy's lair.<ref name="gaiman_2002_coraline" />
197
198 [[L. A. Meyer]]'s ''Bloody Jack'' series (2002–2014) features a take on La Belle Dame sans Merci, adapted to reflect the protagonists age. Mary "Jacky" Faber became known as "La belle jeune fille sans merci".<!-- reference needed-->
199
200 In ''Hunting Ground'' (2009) by [[Patricia Briggs]], La Belle Dame sans Merci is identified as The Lady of the Lake and is a hidden antagonist.<ref name="briggs_2009_hunting" />
201
202 [[David Foster Wallace]]'s 2011 novel ''[[The Pale King]]'' alludes to the poem in its title.<ref name="wallace_2011_king" />
203
204 [[Cassandra Clare]]'s 2016 collection of novellas ''[[Tales From the Shadowhunter Academy]]'' includes a novella titled Pale Kings and Princes, named after the line "I saw pale kings and princes too/Pale warriors, death-pale were they all". Three of the poem's stanzas are also excerpted in the story.<ref name="clare_2016_shadowhunter" />
205
206 The last two lines of the first verse ("The sedge has withered from the lake/And no birds sing") are used in the text of the 2019 Nebula award-winning science fiction story ''[[This Is How You Lose the Time War]]'' by Amal El-Mohtar and Max Gladstone (2019).<ref>"This Is How You Lose The Time War" by Amal El-Mohtar and Max Gladstone (Saga books, 2019)</ref>
207
208 ===Television===
209 {{Expand section | date = November 2018}}
210
211 ''[[Rosemary & Thyme]]'' – Season 1, Episode 1<ref name="rosemary_20030831" />
212
213 [[Californication (TV series)|''Californication'']] – Season 1, Episode 5<ref name="californ_20070910" />
214
215 ''[[Downton Abbey]]'' – Season 6, Episode 5<ref name="abbey_20151018" />
216
217 ''[[Victoria (UK TV series)|Victoria]]'' – Season 2, Episode 3<ref name="victoria_20170910" />
218
219 The theme of a woman seducing men to keep herself immortal is in ''The Twilight Zone'' series episode "[[Queen of the Nile (The Twilight Zone)|Queen of the Nile]]".
220
221 It has also been suggested that there is a strong similarity with the plot of Monty Python's [[Seduced Milkmen]] sketch.
222
223 ===Other===
224 In a March 2017 interview with ''[[The Quietus]]'' the English songwriter and musician [[John Lydon]] cited the poem as a favourite.<ref name="quietus_20170321_interview-fb" />
225
226 In the popular trading card game, ''Magic the Gathering'', the card "Merieke Ri Berit" is modeled after this poem.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Merieke Ri Berit|url=https://mtg.gamepedia.com/Merieke_Ri_Berit|access-date=2020-06-12|website=MTG Wiki|language=en}}</ref>
227
228 ==References==
229 {{Reflist|refs=
230
231 <ref name="symons_2004_title">{{cite web
232 |url = http://www.lib.rochester.edu/camelot/teams/sym4int.htm
233 |title = La Belle Dame sans Mercy – Introduction
234 |author = Dana M. Symons
235 |year = 2004
236 |work = Chaucerian Dream Visions and Complaints
237 |publisher = Medieval Institute Publications
238 |access-date = 2018-11-30
239 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20180627144305/http://d.lib.rochester.edu/teams/text/symons-chaucerian-dream-visions-and-complaints-la-belle-dame-sans-mercy-introduction
240 |archive-date = 2018-06-27
241 |url-status = dead
242 }}</ref>
243
244 <ref name="everest_2002_lovedeath">{{cite book
245 | last = Everest
246 | first = Kelvin
247 | author2 = British Council
248 | author2-link = British Council
249 | date = 2002
250 | title = John Keats
251 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=9vZaAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA86
252 | publisher = Northcote House
253 | isbn = 9780746308073
254 | oclc = 50526132
255 | page = 86
256 }}</ref>
257
258 <ref name="quietus_20170321_interview-fb">{{cite AV media
259 | url = https://www.facebook.com/TheQuietus/videos/1341715772538876/
260 | title = The Quietus - John Lydon Official interview LIVE
261 | date = 2017-03-21
262 | publisher = Facebook
263 | language = en
264 | access-date = 2018-11-30
265 }}</ref>
266
267 <ref name="tiptree_1973">{{cite book
268 | title = Ten thousand light-years from home
269 | url = https://archive.org/details/tenthousandlight00tipt
270 | url-access = registration
271 | chapter = And I Awoke and Found Me Here on the Cold Hill's Side
272 | last = Tiptree
273 | first = James Jr.
274 | date = 1973
275 | publisher = [[Ace Books]]
276 | location = New York
277 | oclc = 50687237
278 }}</ref>
279
280 <ref name="carson_2002_silentspring">{{cite book
281 | title = [[Silent Spring]]
282 | last = Carson
283 | first = Rachel
284 | date = 2002
285 | publisher = [[Houghton Mifflin]]
286 | location = Cambridge, Massachusetts
287 | author-link = Rachel Carson
288 | oclc = 806409808
289 | isbn = 9780618249060 <!--Replace with ref to earlier version (ex:1962) if quote presence confirmed.-->
290 }}</ref>
291
292 <ref name="roth_2000_stain">{{cite book
293 | title = [[The Human Stain]]
294 | last = Roth
295 | first = Philip
296 | date = 2000
297 | publisher = [[Houghton Mifflin]]
298 | author-link = Philip Roth
299 | oclc = 930877308
300 | page = 27
301 }}</ref>
302
303 <ref name="gaiman_2002_coraline">{{cite book
304 | title = Coraline
305 | last = Gaiman
306 | first = Neil
307 | date = 2002
308 | location = London
309 | publisher = [[Bloomsbury Publishing]]
310 | author-link = Neil Gaiman
311 | oclc = 441090183
312 | isbn = 9780747558781
313 }}</ref>
314
315 <ref name="clare_2016_shadowhunter">{{cite book
316 | title = [[Tales From the Shadowhunter Academy]]
317 | last = Clare
318 | first = Cassandra
319 | date = 2016
320 | location = London
321 | publisher = [[Walker Books]]
322 | oclc = 1028442554
323 | isbn = 9781406362848
324 }}</ref>
325
326 <ref name="briggs_2009_hunting">{{cite book |title = Hunting Ground
327 |last = Briggs
328 |first = Patricia
329 |date = 2009
330 |location = New York
331 |publisher = Berkley Pub. Group
332 |oclc = 865278362
333 |isbn = 9780441017386
334 |author-link = Patricia Briggs
335 |url-access = registration
336 |url = https://archive.org/details/huntingground00brig
337 }}</ref>
338
339 <ref name="wallace_2011_king">{{cite book
340 | title = [[The Pale King]]
341 | last = Wallace
342 | first = David Foster
343 | date = 2011
344 | location = London
345 | publisher = Hamish Hamilton
346 | oclc = 729687079
347 | isbn = 9780241144800
348 | author-link = David Foster Wallace
349 }}</ref>
350
351 <ref name="doyle_1893_sherlock">{{cite book
352 | title = [[The Memoirs of Sherlock Holmes]]
353 | last = Doyle
354 | first = Arthur Conan
355 | date = 1893
356 | author-link = Arthur Conan Doyle
357 }}</ref>
358
359 <ref name="mowat_1979_birds">{{cite book
360 | title = And No Birds Sang
361 | last = Mowat
362 | first = Farley
363 | date = 1979
364 | location = London
365 | publisher = Cassell
366 | oclc = 16557956
367 | isbn = 9780304307470
368 | author-link = Farley Mowat
369 }}</ref>
370
371 <ref name="zelazny_1978_chaos">{{cite book
372 | title = Chronicles of Amber. Volume II
373 | chapter = Chapter 5, The Courts of Chaos
374 | last = Zelazny
375 | first = Roger
376 | date = 1978
377 | location = Garden City, New York
378 | publisher = Nelson Doubleday Pub.
379 | oclc = 316235986
380 | author-link = Roger Zelazny
381 }}</ref>
382
383 <ref name="toole_1980_dunces">{{cite book
384 | title = [[A Confederacy of Dunces]]
385 | last = Toole
386 | first = John Kennedy
387 | date = 1980
388 | location = Baton Rouge
389 | publisher = Louisiana State University Press
390 | oclc = 318457173
391 | isbn = 9780807106570
392 | author-link = John Kennedy Toole
393 }}</ref>
394
395 <ref name="smith_2001_survival">{{cite book
396 | title = Law of Survival
397 | url = https://archive.org/details/lawofsurvival0000smit
398 | url-access = registration
399 | chapter = 32
400 | last = Smith
401 | first = Kristine
402 | date = 2001
403 | location = New York, NY
404 | publisher = Eos Books
405 | oclc = 48105904
406 | isbn = 9780380807857
407 | author-link = Kristine Smith
408 }}</ref>
409
410 <ref name="reaves_1915_peaks">{{cite AV media
411 | people = Eason, Reaves (Director)
412 | date = 1915-04-12
413 | title = The Poet of the Peaks
414 | medium = motion picture
415 | language = en
416 | time = <!-- Insert relevant hh:mm time in movie referencing poem.-->
417 | location = USA
418 | publisher = Mutual Film
419 | oclc =<!-- None found-->
420 }}</ref>
421
422 <ref name="selick_2009_coraline">{{cite AV media
423 | people = Henry Selick (Director)
424 | date = 2009
425 | title = Coraline
426 | medium = motion picture
427 | language = en
428 | location = USA
429 | publisher = Focus Features
430 | oclc = 895036872
431 }}</ref>
432
433 <ref name="mckennitt_2018_lost">{{cite AV media
434 | people = McKennitt, Loreena (Artist)
435 | date = 2018
436 | title = Lost Souls
437 | medium = audio compact disc
438 | location = New York, NY
439 | publisher = Universal Music Enterprises
440 | oclc = 1048033767
441 }}</ref>
442
443 <ref name="faun_2009_balladen">{{cite AV media
444 | people = Faun (Album)
445 | date = 2009
446 | title = Buch Der Balladen
447 | trans-title = Book of Ballads
448 | medium = audio compact disc
449 | oclc = 1010338374
450 | asin = B00CV9225E
451 | at = track 10 "Belle Dame Sana Merci"
452 }}</ref>
453
454 <ref name="stanford_1910_score">{{cite AV media
455 | people = Stanford, Charles Villiers (music), Keats, John (words)
456 | date = 1910 <!-- Note: This is an approximate year.-->
457 | title = La belle dame sans merci : ballad (For voice and piano)
458 | medium = musical score
459 | location = London
460 | publisher = Augener & Co.
461 | oclc = 433495401
462 }}</ref>
463
464 <ref name="hadley_1935_score">{{cite AV media
465 | people = Hadley, Patrick (music), Keats, John (words)
466 | date = 1935
467 | title = La belle dame sans merci
468 | medium = printed musical score
469 | location = London
470 | publisher = Curwen
471 | oclc = 24862985
472 }}</ref>
473
474 <ref name="californ_20070910">{{Cite episode
475 | title = LOL
476 | episode-link = List_of_Californication_episodes#Season_1_(2007)
477 | series = Californication
478 | series-link = Californication (TV series)
479 | first = Tom
480 | last = Kampinos
481 | network = Showtime
482 | date = 2007-09-10
483 | season = 1
484 | number = 5
485 | language = en
486 | oclc = 941908978
487 }}</ref>
488
489 <ref name="rosemary_20030831">{{Cite episode
490 | title = And No Birds Sing
491 | episode-link = Rosemary_%26_Thyme#Series_1_(2003)
492 | series = Rosemary & Thyme
493 | series-link = Rosemary & Thyme
494 | first1 = Brian
495 | last1 = Eastman
496 | first2 = Clive
497 | last2 = Exton
498 | network = ITV
499 | date = 2003-08-31
500 | season = 1
501 | number = 1
502 | language = en
503 | oclc = 1040647468
504 }}</ref>
505
506 <ref name="abbey_20151018">{{Cite episode
507 | title = Episode 5
508 | episode-link = List_of_Downton_Abbey_episodes#Series_6_(2015)
509 | series = Downton Abbey
510 | series-link = Downton Abbey
511 | first = Fellowes
512 | last = Julian
513 | network = ITV
514 | date = 2015-10-18
515 | season = 6
516 | number = 5
517 | language = en
518 | oclc = 932137942
519 }}</ref>
520
521 <ref name="victoria_20170910">{{Cite episode
522 | title = Warp and Weft
523 | episode-link = Victoria_(UK_TV_series)#Series_2_(2017)
524 | series = Victoria
525 | series-link = Victoria (UK TV series)
526 | first = Sax
527 | last = Geoffrey
528 | network = ITV
529 | date = 2017-09-10
530 | season = 2
531 | number = 3
532 | language = en
533 | oclc = 1026276682
534 }}</ref>
535
536 <ref name="keats_1905_selincourt">{{cite book
537 | title = The Poems of John Keats
538 | url = https://archive.org/details/poemsofjohnkeats00keat
539 | last = Keats
540 | first = John
541 | author-link = John Keats
542 | editor-last = Sélincourt
543 | editor-first = Ernest De
544 | editor-link = Ernest de Sélincourt
545 | date = 1905
546 | location = New York
547 | publisher = Dodd, Mead & Company
548 | pages = [https://archive.org/details/poemsofjohnkeats00keat/page/244 244]-247
549 | oclc = 11128824
550 }}</ref>
551
552 <ref name="Oxford_English_Verse">{{cite book
553 | title = Oxford Book of English Verse 1250-1900
554 | url = https://www.bartleby.com/101/633.html
555 | last = Keats
556 | first = John
557 | author-link = John Keats
558 | editor-last = Quiller-Couch
559 | editor-first = Sir Arthur Thomas
560 | editor-link = Sir Arthur Thomas Quiller-Couch
561 | date = 1919
562 | location = Oxford
563 | publisher = Clarendon Press
564 | via = [[Bartleby.com]]
565 | oclc = 1171806391
566 }}</ref>
567
568 <ref name="crane_1865_painting">{{Citation
569 | last = Crane
570 | first = Walter T.
571 | year = 1865
572 | title = Le belle Dame Sans Merci
573 | publisher = Wikimedia Commons, the free media repository
574 | url = https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Walter_T._Crane_-_La_belle_Dame_Sans_Merci_(1865).jpg&oldid=290464764
575 | access-date = 2018-11-30
576 }}</ref>
577
578 <ref name="waterhouse_1893_painting">{{Citation
579 | last = Waterhouse
580 | first = John William
581 | year = 1893
582 | title = La Belle Dame Sans Merci
583 | publisher = Wikimedia Commons, the free media repository
584 | url = https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:La_Belle_Dame_Sans_Merci,_by_John_William_Waterhouse,_1893,_oil_on_canvas_-_Hessisches_Landesmuseum_Darmstadt_-_Darmstadt,_Germany_-_DSC01228.jpg&oldid=260668475
585 | access-date = 2018-11-30
586 }}</ref>
587
588 <ref name="dicksee_1890_painting">{{Citation
589 | last = Frank
590 | first = Dicksee
591 | year = 1890
592 | title = La Belle Dame Sans Merci
593 | publisher = Wikimedia Commons, the free media repository
594 | url = https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Redgirl_and_knight02.jpg&oldid=309188121
595 | access-date = 2018-11-30
596 }}</ref>
597
598 <ref name="rheam_1901_painting">{{Citation
599 | last = Rheam
600 | first = Henry Meynell
601 | year = 1901
602 | title = La Belle Dame sans Merci
603 | publisher = Wikimedia Commons, the free media repository
604 | url = https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Henry_Meynell_Rheam_-_La_Belle_Dame_sans_Merci.jpg&oldid=119268210
605 | access-date = 2018-11-30
606 }}</ref>
607
608 <ref name="hughes_18xx_painting">{{Citation
609 | last = Hugues
610 | first = Arthur
611 | author-link = Arthur Hughes (artist)
612 | year = <!-- Difficult to pin down.-->
613 | title = La Belle Dame Sans Merci
614 | publisher = Wikimedia Commons, the free media repository
615 | url = https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Arthur_Hugues_-_La_belle_dame_sans_merci.jpg&oldid=132350511
616 | access-date = 2018-11-30
617 }}</ref>
618
619 <ref name="punch_1920_drawing">{{Citation
620 | date = 1920-12-01
621 | title = LA BELLE DAME SANS MERCI
622 | publisher = [[Punch (magazine)|Punch]]
623 | url = https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:La_Belle_Dame_sans_Merci_-_Punch_cartoon_-_Project_Gutenberg_eText_19105.png&oldid=241841701
624 | access-date = 2018-11-30
625 }}</ref>
626
627 <ref name="cooper_1986_fatale">{{cite journal
628 | last = Cooper
629 | first = Robyn
630 | date = 1986
631 | editor-last1 = Dean
632 | editor-first1 = Sonia
633 | editor-last2 = Ryan
634 | editor-first2 = Judith
635 | title = Arthur Hughes's La Belle Dame sans merci and the femme fatale
636 | url = https://www.ngv.vic.gov.au/essay/arthur-hughess-la-belle-dame-sans-merci-and-the-femme-fatale/
637 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170526185635/https://www.ngv.vic.gov.au/essay/arthur-hughess-la-belle-dame-sans-merci-and-the-femme-fatale/
638 | url-status = live
639 | journal = Art Bulletin of Victoria
640 | volume = 27
641 | issn = 0066-7935
642 | publisher = Council of Trustees of the National Gallery of Victoria
643 | oclc = 888714380
644 | archive-date = 2017-05-26
645 | access-date = 2018-11-30
646 }}</ref>
647
648 <ref name="christie_2003_mesopotamia-cd">{{cite AV media
649 | people = Christie, Agatha (author); Bakewell, Michael
650 | date = 2003
651 | title = [[Murder in Mesopotamia]] : A BBC Radio 4 full-cast dramatisation
652 | medium = audio compact disc
653 | language = en
654 | time = 01:16:55 <!--See also 00:20:03-->
655 | location = Bath
656 | publisher = BBC Audiobooks
657 | isbn = 9780563494232
658 | oclc = 938615128
659 | quote = POIROT:But Louise Leidner was no ordinary woman. DR REILLY:She certainly was not. She'd got that sort of... calamitous magic that plays the devil with things. Kind of a Belle Dame sans Merci.
660 | author-link = Agatha Christie
661 }}</ref>
662
663 <ref name="christie_1936_mesopotamia">{{cite book
664 | title = Murder in Mesopotamia
665 | last = Christie
666 | first = Agatha
667 | date = 1936
668 | chapter = Chapter 19. A New Suspicion
669 | location = London
670 | publisher = Published for the Crime club by Collins
671 | oclc = 938286864
672 | author-link = Agatha Christie
673 | quote = But Mrs. Leidner was something out of the ordinary in that line. She'd got just that sort of calamitous magic that plays the deuce with things - a kind of Belle Dame sans Merci.
674 }}</ref>
675
676 }}
677
678 == External links ==
679 {{Wikisource|La Belle Dame sans Merci}}
680 * {{StandardEbooks|Standard Ebooks URL=https://standardebooks.org/ebooks/john-keats/poetry|Display Name=An omnibus collection of Keats' poetry|noitalics=true}}
681
682 {{John Keats}}
683 {{Authority control}}
684
685 {{DEFAULTSORT:Belle Dame Sans Merci, La}}
686 [[Category:1819 poems]]
687 [[Category:Gothic fiction]]
688 [[Category:Poetry by John Keats]]
689 [[Category:Witchcraft in written fiction]]