From: Steven Baltakatei Sandoval Date: Tue, 29 Dec 2020 02:28:33 +0000 (+0000) Subject: feat(LICENSE):Add license and current version of select articles X-Git-Tag: 2022-07-18~42 X-Git-Url: https://zdv2.bktei.com/gitweb/BK-2020-09.git/commitdiff_plain/04f366a6d7daa3b0a60b08611cd5c7978145d308?ds=sidebyside;hp=--cc feat(LICENSE):Add license and current version of select articles The selected articles are ones that Steven Baltakatei Sandoval has edited in the past. --- 04f366a6d7daa3b0a60b08611cd5c7978145d308 diff --git a/LICENSE.org b/LICENSE.org new file mode 100644 index 0000000..1814a24 --- /dev/null +++ b/LICENSE.org @@ -0,0 +1,815 @@ +* License + +"Baltakatei Wikipedia Edits" © [[https://baltakatei.com][Steven Baltakatei Sandoval]] + +"Baltakatei Wikipedia Edits" is licensed under a [[https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/][Creative Commons +Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International]] license (CC BY-SA 4.0). 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Except for the limited purpose of indicating that +material is shared under a Creative Commons public license or as +otherwise permitted by the Creative Commons policies published at +creativecommons.org/policies, Creative Commons does not authorize the +use of the trademark "Creative Commons" or any other trademark or logo +of Creative Commons without its prior written consent including, +without limitation, in connection with any unauthorized modifications +to any of its public licenses or any other arrangements, +understandings, or agreements concerning use of licensed material. For +the avoidance of doubt, this paragraph does not form part of the +public licenses. + +Creative Commons may be contacted at creativecommons.org. + + +#+END_EXAMPLE diff --git a/en.wikipedia.org/2010_Navajo_Nation_presidential_election/article.txt b/en.wikipedia.org/2010_Navajo_Nation_presidential_election/article.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..ab86b9f --- /dev/null +++ b/en.wikipedia.org/2010_Navajo_Nation_presidential_election/article.txt @@ -0,0 +1,288 @@ +{{Infobox Election +| election_name = Navajo Nation presidential election, 2010 +| country = Navajo Nation +| flag_image = Navajo flag.svg +| type = presidential +| ongoing = No +| previous_election = Navajo Nation presidential election, 2006 +| previous_year = 2006 +| next_election = Navajo Nation presidential election, 2015 +| next_year = 2015 +| election_date = November 2, 2010 +| image1 = [[File:Replace this image female.svg|125px]] +| nominee1 = [[Lynda Lovejoy]] +| popular_vote1 = +| percentage1 = +| image2 = [[File:Ben Shelly.jpg|125px]] +| nominee2 = [[Ben Shelly]] +| popular_vote2 = +| percentage2 = + +| title = President +| before_election = [[Joe Shirley, Jr.]] +| after_election = Ben Shelly +| after_party = +}} +{{ElectionsNN}} +The '''Navajo Nation presidential election of 2010''' was held on Tuesday, November 2, 2010. Ben Shelly won the election. + +The general election was held between [[New Mexico Senate|New Mexico State Senator]] [[Lynda Lovejoy]] and outgoing [[Vice President of the Navajo Nation|Navajo Nation Vice President]] [[Ben Shelly]]. + +The primary election was held on August 3, 2010. Lynda Lovejoy received more primary election votes than any other presidential candidate, becoming the first woman to do so. Ben Shelly came in second place. The primary election included nine other candidates. This was the first Navajo Nation presidential election in which both candidates, Lovejoy and Shelly, were residents of the Eastern part of the Navajo Nation. + +Ben Shelly became the first Vice President of the Navajo Nation to be elected president. Had she been elected, Lynda Lovejoy would have become the first female president of the Navajo Nation. + +Previously, during the [[Navajo Nation presidential election, 2006|2006 presidential election]] [[Joe Shirley Jr.]] had been re-elected to a second term over challenger Lynda Lovejoy. On July 9, 2010, the [[Navajo Nation Supreme Court]] ruled that Shirley could not seek a third consecutive term as president. + +==Candidates== + +===General election=== + +* [[Lynda Lovejoy]], of [[Crownpoint]], [[New Mexico]], New Mexico State Senator, District 22 +** [[Earl Tulley]], chosen as Lovejoy's running mate for Vice President on August 8, 2010, activist and administrator. + +* [[Ben Shelly]], of [[Thoreau, New Mexico|Thoreau]], [[New Mexico]], [[Navajo Nation Vice-President]] +** [[Rex Lee Jim]], chosen as Shelly's running mate for Vice President on August 8, 2010. + +===Announced and defeated in primary=== + +* [[Anthony Begay]], of [[Mariano Lake, New Mexico]], Mariano Lake Chapter President +* [[Donald Benally]], of [[Shiprock, New Mexico]], Shiprock Chapter Vice-President +* [[Sharon Clahchischilliage]], of [[Cudeii, New Mexico]], Fmr. Navajo-Washington Office Director +* Rex Lee Jim, of [[Rock Point, Arizona]] [[Navajo Nation Council]] +* [[Arbin Mitchell]], of [[Wide Ruins, Arizona]], Executive Director of Navajo Nation Division of Community Development +* [[Daniel Peaches]], of [[Kayenta, Arizona]], Fmr. Kayenta Chapter Council Delegate, Kayenta Town Manager, Staff Assistant to Fmr. Chairman [[Peter MacDonald Sr.]] +* [[Jerry Todacheenie]], of [[Shiprock, New Mexico]], BHP Employee and member of Shiprock Fair Board +* [[D. Harrison Tsosie]], of [[Dennehotso, Arizona]], Navajo Nation Deputy Attorney General +* [[Dale Tsosie]], of [[Lechee, Arizona]], Navajo Citizen + +===Not Running=== + +* [[Lawrence T. Morgan]], of [[Pinedale, New Mexico|Pinedale]], [[New Mexico]], [[Navajo Nation council Speaker]] + +===Term limited=== + +* [[Joe Shirley Jr.]], of [[Chinle, Arizona|Chinle]], [[Arizona]], incumbent [[President of the Navajo Nation]] + +==Primary election== +State Senator [[Lynda Lovejoy]], who unsuccessfully sought the presidency in 2006, easily defeated eleven other candidates with 17,137 votes, becoming the first woman to win a Navajo Nation presidential primary. Navajo Nation [[Vice President]] [[Ben Shelly]] came in second place and qualified for the general election with 7,763 votes. Donald Benally of Shiprock placed third followed by the rest of the candidates. + +Voter turnout was relatively low, at just 43.84% of registered voters. An estimated 48,511 of the 110,645 registered voters participated in the primary election. + +{{Election box begin no party no change +| title = Navajo Nation primary results +}} +{{Election box candidate no party no change +| candidate = '''[[Lynda Lovejoy]]''' +| chapter = Crownpoint +| votes = '''17,137''' +| percentage = '''35.7''' +}} +{{Election box candidate no party no change +| candidate = '''[[Ben Shelly]]''' +| chapter = Thoreau +| votes = '''7,763''' +| percentage = '''16.2''' +}} +{{Election box candidate no party no change +| candidate = Donald Benally +| chapter = Shiprock +| votes = 6,082 +| percentage = 12.7 +}} +{{Election box candidate no party no change +| candidate = Rex Lee Jim +| chapter = Rock Point +| votes = 4,224 +| percentage = 8.8 +}} +{{Election box candidate no party no change +| candidate = Sharon Clahchischilliage +| chapter = Gad'iiahi +| votes = 3,139 +| percentage = 6.5 +}} +{{Election box candidate no party no change +| candidate = Arbin Mitchell +| chapter = Wide Ruins +| votes = 2,809 +| percentage = 5.8 +}} +{{Election box candidate no party no change +| candidate = D. Harrison Tsosie +| chapter = Unknown +| votes = 2,718 +| percentage = 5.7 +}} +{{Election box candidate no party no change +| candidate = Dale Tsosie +| chapter = Lechee +| votes = 2,142 +| percentage = 4.5 +}} +{{Election box candidate no party no change +| candidate = Daniel Peaches +| chapter = Kayenta Township +| votes = 749 +| percentage = 1.6 +}} +{{Election box candidate no party no change +| candidate = Anthony Begay +| chapter = Mariano Lake +| votes = 620 +| percentage = 1.3 +}} +{{Election box candidate no party no change +| candidate = Jerry Todacheenie +| chapter = Shiprock +| votes = 620 +| percentage = 1.0 +}} +{{Election box candidate no party no change +| candidate = Write-in candidates +| chapter = Variety +| votes = 290 +| percentage = 0.4 +}} +{{Election box total no party no change +| votes =48,511 +| percentage= +}} +{{Election box end}} + +==Polling== + +===Primary Election polling=== +{| class="wikitable" +|- valign=bottom +! width='135'| Poll Source +! width='135'| Dates Administered +! width='120'| Lynda Lovejoy +! width='120'| Ben Shelly +|- +| General Poll [http://www.navajo.org] +| align=center| January 10, 2010 +| {{party shading/Democratic}} align=center| '''51%''' +| align=center| 49% +|} + +{| class="wikitable"p +|- valign=bottom +! width='135'| Poll Source +! width='135'| Dates Administered +! width='120'| Rex Lee Jim +! width='120'| Lynda Lovejoy +|- +| General Poll [http://www.navajo.org] +| align=center| January 10, 2010 +| {{party shading/Democratic}} align=center| '''45%''' +| align=center| 44% +|} + +==Results== +With 109 of the 110 chapters reporting, Ben Shelly was ahead of Linda Lovejoy with 52.7% vs. 47.3% of all counted votes. Shelly claimed victory and promised voters in the Gorman Hall at the Window Rock Sports Center that "I will work with you. We will work together." Lovejoy demanded a recount. + +==References== +{{reflist|refs= + +{{cite news +|first = Jason +|last = Begay +|title = Navajo Nation Supreme Court ruled Shirley cannot run again until 2014 +|url = http://www.navajotimes.com/politics/president/0710/070910nothird.php +|work = [[Navajo Times]] +|date = 2010-07-09 +|accessdate = 2010-10-28 +}} + +{{cite news +| first = Bill +| last = Donovan +| title = Lovejoy first, Shelly second +| url = http://www.navajotimes.com/politics/election2010/080510primary.php +| work = [[Navajo Times]] +| date = 2010-08-05 +| accessdate = 2010-10-28 +}} + +{{cite news +| title = UPDATED: Changes Pending as Navajo Nation President Sworn In +| url = https://www.abqjournal.com/6635/updated-charges-pending-as-navajo-nation-president-sworn-in.html +| work = [[Albuquerque Journal]] +| date = 2011-01-11 +| access-date = 2018-10-10 +}} + +{{cite news +| last = Allen +| first = Nick +| title = Navajo poised to elect first woman as president +| url = https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/northamerica/usa/8071552/Navajo-poised-to-elect-first-woman-as-president.html +| work = [[The Daily Telegraph]] +| date = 2010-10-18 +| access-date = 2010-10-28 +}} + +{{cite news +| last = Navarro +| first = Mireya +| date = 2010-11-03 +| title = Woman Loses Bid to Lead Navajos +| url = https://green.blogs.nytimes.com/2010/11/03/woman-loses-bid-to-lead-navajos/ +| work = [[The New York Times]] +| access-date = 2018-10-10 +}} + +{{cite news +| first = Bill +| last = Donovan +| title = Lovejoy picks activist, administrator +| url = http://www.navajotimes.com/politics/election2010/081210lovejoy.php +| work = [[Navajo Times]] +| date = 2010-08-12 +| access-date = 2010-10-28 +}} + +{{cite news +| first = Bill +| last = Donovan +| title = Shelly picks experience, values +| url = http://www.navajotimes.com/politics/election2010/081210shelly.php +| work = [[Navajo Times]] +| date = 2010-08-12 +| access-date = 2010-10-28 +}} + +{{cite news +| first = Arviso +| last = Tom +| title = Who will lead? +| work = [[Navajo Times]] +| url = http://navajotimes.com/opinions/2009/1109/110509leaders.php +| date = 2009-11-05 +| access-date = 2018-10-10 +}} + +{{cite news +| last = Donovan +| first = Bill +| date = 2010-11-03 +| title = Lovejoy landslide fails to appear +| url = http://www.navajotimes.com/news/2010/1110/110310wrap.php +| work = [[Navajo Times]] +| location = Window Rock, Arizona +| access-date = 2018-10-10 +}} + +}} + +==External links== +*[https://web.archive.org/web/20101018232156/http://www.presidentbenshelly.com/ Ben Shelly & Rex Lee Jim official campaign] +*[https://web.archive.org/web/20101103072056/http://www.lyndalovejoy.org/ Lynda Lovejoy & Earl Tulley official campaign] + +[[Category:2010 elections in the United States]] +[[Category:Navajo Nation elections]] diff --git a/en.wikipedia.org/2018_Navajo_Nation_presidential_election/article.txt b/en.wikipedia.org/2018_Navajo_Nation_presidential_election/article.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..c57acd6 --- /dev/null +++ b/en.wikipedia.org/2018_Navajo_Nation_presidential_election/article.txt @@ -0,0 +1,127 @@ +{{Infobox Election +| election_name = [[Navajo Nation]] presidential election, 2018 +| country = Navajo Nation +| flag_image = Navajo flag.svg +| type = presidential +| ongoing = no +| previous_election = Navajo Nation presidential election, 2015 +| previous_year = 2015 +| next_election = Navajo Nation presidential election, 2022 +| next_year = 2022 +| election_date = November 6, 2018 + +| image1 = [[File:Jonathan Nez - 2020.jpg|x160px]] +| nominee1 = [[Jonathan Nez]] +| running_mate1 = [[Myron Lizer]] +| popular_vote1 = 39,783 +| percentage1 = 66.38% + +| image2 = [[File:Joe Shirley.jpg|x160px]] +| nominee2 = [[Joe Shirley, Jr]] +| running_mate2 = [[Buu Nygren]] +| popular_vote2 = 20,146 +| percentage2 = 33.62% +| title = President +| before_election = [[Russell Begaye]] +| after_election = [[Jonathan Nez]] +| after_party = +}} +{{ElectionsNN}} + +The '''Navajo Nation presidential election of 2018''' was held on Tuesday, November 6, 2018. The candidates for [[President of the Navajo Nation]] in the general election were [[Jonathan Nez]] and [[Joe Shirley, Jr]]. Jonathan Nez and running mate Myron Lizer won the election. + +The primary election was held on Tuesday, August 28, 2018 between 18 candidates for the office of Navajo Nation President. + +==Results== +Jonathan Nez received 39,783 votes while Joe Shirley, Jr. received 20,146 votes. + +A referendum for a salary increase for President and Vice-President did not pass with 37,693 votes against and 18,802 votes for. + +==References== +{{reflist|refs= + +{{cite web +| url = http://www.navajoelections.navajo-nsn.gov/pdfs/2018/2018%20NN%20Election%20Timeline%20official_3.pdf +| title = 2018 Navajo Election Calendar +| date = 2017-04-21 +| access-date = 2018-10-13 +| publisher = Navajo Nation Election Administration +| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20181013202648/http://www.navajoelections.navajo-nsn.gov/pdfs/2018/2018%20NN%20Election%20Timeline%20official_3.pdf +| archive-date = 2018-10-13 +| url-status = live +}} + +{{cite web +| url = http://www.navajoelections.navajo-nsn.gov/pdfs/2018/2018%20NN%20Election%20Ballot%20Layout%20for%20the%20Public%208.15.18.pdf +| title = Official 2018 Navajo Nation Election Candidates +| date = 2018-08-15 +| access-date = 2018-10-13 +| publisher = Navajo Nation Election Administration +| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20181013211344/http://www.navajoelections.navajo-nsn.gov/pdfs/2018/2018%20NN%20Election%20Ballot%20Layout%20for%20the%20Public%208.15.18.pdf +| archive-date = 2018-10-13 +| url-status = live +}} + +{{cite web +| url = https://www.daily-times.com/story/news/politics/elections/2018/08/29/voters-back-nez-shirley-navajo-nation-presidential-race/1138608002/ +| title = Voters back Nez, Shirley in Navajo Nation presidential race +| date = 2018-08-29 +| access-date = 2018-10-13 +| work = [[Farmington Daily Times]] +| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20180830105352/https://www.daily-times.com/story/news/politics/elections/2018/08/29/voters-back-nez-shirley-navajo-nation-presidential-race/1138608002/?from=new-cookie +| archive-date = 2018-08-30 +| url-status = live +}} + +{{cite news +| last = Smith +| first = Noel Lyn +| title = Salary proposal for president, vice president sent to Begaye +| url = https://www.daily-times.com/story/news/local/navajo-nation/2018/09/11/salary-proposal-president-vice-president-sent-begaye/1260194002/ +| work = [[Farmington Daily Times]] +| date = 2018-09-11 +| access-date = 2018-11-09 +| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20180911182759/https://www.daily-times.com/story/news/local/navajo-nation/2018/09/11/salary-proposal-president-vice-president-sent-begaye/1260194002/?from=new-cookie +| archive-date = 2018-09-11 +| url-status = live +}} + +{{cite news +| last = Smith +| first = Noel Lyn +| title = Voters on the Navajo Nation elect president, council delegates +| url = https://www.daily-times.com/story/news/politics/elections/2018/11/08/midterm-elections-2018-navajo-nation-new-mexico-results/1921939002/ +| work = [[Farmington Daily Times]] +| date = 2018-11-08 +| access-date = 2018-11-09 +| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20181108211639/https://www.daily-times.com/story/news/politics/elections/2018/11/08/midterm-elections-2018-navajo-nation-new-mexico-results/1921939002/?from=new-cookie +| archive-date = 2018-11-08 +| url-status = live +}} + +{{cite web +| title = 2018 Navajo Nation General Election Unofficial Results +| url = http://www.navajoelections.navajo-nsn.gov/pdfs/2018/General%20results/2018NNGeneralUnofficialResults.pdf +| date = 2018-11-06 +| access-date = 2018-11-09 +| publisher = Navajo Nation Election Administration +| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20181109130448/http://www.navajoelections.navajo-nsn.gov/pdfs/2018/General%20results/2018NNGeneralUnofficialResults.pdf +| archive-date = 2018-11-09 +| url-status = live +}} + +}} + +==External links== +*[https://web.archive.org/web/20181013200822/https://www.nez-lizer.com/ Jonathan Nez and Myron Lizer campaign website] +*[https://www.joeshirleyjr.com/ Joe Shirley, Jr. and Buu Nygren campaign website] + + +[[Category:2018 elections in the United States]] +[[Category:Navajo Nation elections]] +[[Category:2018 Arizona elections]] +[[Category:2018 New Mexico elections]] diff --git a/en.wikipedia.org/Bob_Breitenstein_(offensive_lineman)/article.txt b/en.wikipedia.org/Bob_Breitenstein_(offensive_lineman)/article.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..2107734 --- /dev/null +++ b/en.wikipedia.org/Bob_Breitenstein_(offensive_lineman)/article.txt @@ -0,0 +1,176 @@ +{{Infobox NFL biography +| image = +| caption = +| height_ft = 6 +| height_in = 3 +| weight_lbs = 265 +| position = [[Tackle (gridiron football position)|Tackle]] / [[Guard (gridiron football)|Guard]] +| number = 76, 75, 65 +| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1943|5|8}} +| birth_place = [[Buenos Aires, Argentina]] +| death_date = +| death_place = +| high_school = [[Farmington High School (New Mexico)|Farmington (NM)]] +| college = [[Tulsa Golden Hurricane football|Tulsa]] +| draftyear = 1965 +| draftround = 2 +| draftpick = 21
(by the [[Washington Redskins]]){{cite web|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060901003756/http://www.databasefootball.com/teams/teamyear.htm?tm=WAS&lg=NFL&yr=1965 |title=1965 Washington Redskins |website=databaseFootball.com |access-date=July 9, 2020}} +| afldraftyear = 1965 +| afldraftround = [[1965 American Football League draft#Round five|5]] +| afldraftpick = 33
([[Denver Broncos]]){{cite web|url=http://www.remembertheafl.com/1965AFLDraft.html |title=American Football League Draft - 1965 |website=remembertheafl.com |access-date=July 9, 2020}} +| pastteams = +* [[Denver Broncos]] ([[1965 AFL season|1965]]–[[1967 AFL season|1967]]) +* [[Minnesota Vikings]] ({{NFL Year|1967}}) +* [[Chicago Bears]] ({{NFL Year|1968}}) +* [[Atlanta Falcons]] ({{NFL Year|1969}}–{{NFL Year|1970}}) +| highlights = +* 2× [[Missouri Valley Conference|All-MVC]] (1963, 1964) +* Honorable-mention [[All-American]] ([[1964 College Football All-America Team|1964]]) +| statlabel1 = Games played +| statvalue1 = 58 +| nflnew = bobbreitenstein/2510136 +| pfr = BreiBo20 +}} + +'''Robert Corr Breitenstein''' (born May 8, 1943) is a former a professional [[American football]] player in the [[American Football League]] and [[National Football League]] for the [[Denver Broncos]], [[Minnesota Vikings]], and [[Atlanta Falcons]]. He played [[college football]] at the [[University of Tulsa]]. He is distinguished as being the first [[Argentine]] to play in the [[National Football League]]. + +==Early years== +Breitenstein attended [[Farmington High School (New Mexico)|Farmington High School]], where he was a teammate of future [[NFL]] player [[Ralph Neely]]. + +He accepted a scholarship from the [[University of Tulsa]] and was a part of the team that defeated [[1964 Ole Miss Rebels football team|Ole Miss]], 14-7 in the [[1964 Bluebonnet Bowl]]. + +In 1994, he was inducted into the [[University of Tulsa]] Athletic Hall of Fame. + +==Professional career== +===Denver Broncos=== +Breitenstein was selected in the fifth round (33rd overall) of the [[1965 AFL draft]] by the [[Denver Broncos]]. He was also selected by the [[Washington Redskins]] in the second round (21st overall) of the [[1965 NFL Draft]]. He signed with the Broncos, although he later tried to invalidate the contract. + +As a rookie, he shared the starter [[left tackle]] position with [[Lee Bernet]]. The next year, he became the regular starter. He was traded to the [[Minnesota Vikings]] in exchange for a fifth round draft choice (#117-[[Mike Bragg]]). + +===Minnesota Vikings=== +On October 4, 1967, he was activated from the [[taxi squad]] and played in 11 games. On August 5, 1968, he walked out of [[Training camp (National Football League)|training camp]] in a contract dispute and was placed on the reserve list. On October 19, he was traded to the [[Chicago Bears]] in exchange for a draft pick. + +===Chicago Bears=== +In 1968, he was declared inactive in 9 games. He was waived on September 16, 1969. + +===Atlanta Falcons=== +In 1969, he signed with the [[Atlanta Falcons]] and played in 10 games. In 1970, after playing in 7 games, he was lost for the year with a knee injury. An automobile accident 9 days before the 1971 [[Training camp (National Football League)|training camp]] complicated the injury and was not able to recover. He was released on August 23. + +==Personal information== +After football, he owned and operated an insurance agency. He was a vice president of the [[National Football League Players Association ]] for the state of Oklahoma. He appeared in the movie ''[[Brian's Song]]'', when the director used actual footage, showing him helping cart [[running back]] [[Gale Sayers]] off on a stretcher. + +==References== +{{Reflist|30em|refs= + +{{cite web +| url = https://www.tulsaworld.com/archives/bill-connors/article_d12daf39-b455-584a-a047-1c28921e3479.html +| title = Bill Connors +| publisher = Tulsa World +| accessdate = April 17, 2016 +| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20181128065446/https://www.tulsaworld.com/archives/bill-connors/article_d12daf39-b455-584a-a047-1c28921e3479.html +| archive-date = November 28, 2018 +| url-status = live +}} + +{{cite news +| author = +| title = 'Skins Lose First Two Choices +| url = https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1129&dat=19650109&id=VWQwAAAAIBAJ&sjid=mWwDAAAAIBAJ&pg=1347,1337238&hl=es +| work = [[Pittsburgh Post-Gazette]] +| agency = Associated Press +| date = January 9, 1963 +| access-date = April 17, 2016 +}} + +{{cite web +| author = +| title = Breitenstein Wants Out Of Contract +| url = https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1298&dat=19650317&id=a8pNAAAAIBAJ&sjid=MooDAAAAIBAJ&pg=6168,5849731&hl=es +| date = March 17, 1965 +| work = [[The Free Lance-Star]] +| access-date = November 28, 2018 +}} + +{{cite web +| last = Rathet +| first = Mike +| title = Camp-Walking Makes Denver Coach Happy +| url = https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1298&dat=19650827&id=x_5NAAAAIBAJ&sjid=z4sDAAAAIBAJ&pg=4142,3117444&hl=es +| date = August 27, 1965 +| work = [[The Free Lance-Star]] +| agency = Associated Press +| access-date = April 17, 2016 +}} + +{{cite web +| author = +| title = Vikings Drop Two, Add One +| url = https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=950&dat=19680806&id=pkBQAAAAIBAJ&sjid=e1cDAAAAIBAJ&pg=4724,1174017&hl=es +| date = August 6, 1968 +| work = [[Evening Independent|The Evening Independent]] +| access-date = April 17, 2016 +}} + +{{cite web +| url = https://www.newspapers.com/newspage/20214516/ +| title = Transactions +| work = [[The Arizona Republic]] +| date = October 20, 1968 +| access-date = April 17, 2016 +}} {{subscription required|s}} + +{{cite web +| title = Some Veterans Players Go +| url = https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=2512&dat=19690917&id=wbNYAAAAIBAJ&sjid=GwANAAAAIBAJ&pg=2758,2319036&hl=es +| date = September 17, 1969 +| work = [[Record-Journal|The Morning Record]] +| access-date = April 17, 2016 +}} + +{{cite web +| url = https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1368&dat=19701104&id=uc4VAAAAIBAJ&sjid=KhEEAAAAIBAJ&pg=4610,592827&hl=es +| title = Falcons Lose Vet Tackle +| date = November 4, 1970 +| work = The Milwaukee Sentinel +| access-date = April 17, 2016 +}} + +{{cite web +| url = https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1876&dat=19710824&id=lV8sAAAAIBAJ&sjid=XM0EAAAAIBAJ&pg=2823,4140686&hl=es +| title = Falcons Trim Roster By 4; Small, Snyder Rejoin Team +| date = August 24, 1971 +| work = [[Spartanburg Herald-Journal|Herald-Journal]] +| access-date = April 17, 2016 +}} + +{{cite web +| last = O'Kane +| first = Dan +| url = https://www.tulsaworld.com/archives/breitenstein-s-induction-set/article_8f5cceee-3572-5f16-90f4-9d23323760f3.html +| title = Breitenstein's Induction Set +| work = [[Tulsa World]] +| access-date = April 17, 2016 +| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20181128081821/https://www.tulsaworld.com/archives/breitenstein-s-induction-set/article_8f5cceee-3572-5f16-90f4-9d23323760f3.html +| archive-date = November 28, 2018 +| url-status = live +}} + +}} + +==External links== +* [https://tulsahurricane.com/sports/2015/4/21/GEN_20140101142.aspx University of Tulsa Athletic Hall of Fame bio]. + +{{Redskins1965DraftPicks}} +{{Broncos1965DraftPicks}} + +{{DEFAULTSORT:Breitenstein, Bob}} +[[Category:1943 births]] +[[Category:Living people]] +[[Category:American football offensive linemen]] +[[Category:Denver Broncos (AFL) players]] +[[Category:Minnesota Vikings players]] +[[Category:Chicago Bears players]] +[[Category:Atlanta Falcons players]] +[[Category:Tulsa Golden Hurricane football players]] +[[Category:Sportspeople from Buenos Aires]] +[[Category:Argentine players of American football]] diff --git a/en.wikipedia.org/Chemical_reactor/article.txt b/en.wikipedia.org/Chemical_reactor/article.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..6dec480 --- /dev/null +++ b/en.wikipedia.org/Chemical_reactor/article.txt @@ -0,0 +1,222 @@ +{{Chemical engineering}} +A '''chemical reactor''' is an enclosed volume in which a [[chemical reaction]] takes place. In [[chemical engineering]], it is generally understood to be a process vessel used to carry out a chemical reaction, which is one of the classic [[unit operation]]s in chemical process analysis. The design of a chemical reactor deals with multiple aspects of [[chemical engineering]]. Chemical engineers design reactors to maximize [[net present value]] for the given reaction. Designers ensure that the reaction proceeds with the highest efficiency towards the desired output product, producing the highest [[yield (chemistry)|yield]] of product while requiring the least amount of money to purchase and operate. Normal [[operating expense]]s include energy input, energy removal, [[raw material]] costs, labor, etc. Energy changes can come in the form of heating or cooling, pumping to increase pressure, frictional pressure loss or agitation. + +[[Chemical reaction engineering]] is the branch of chemical engineering which deals with chemical reactors and their design, especially by application of [[chemical kinetics]] to industrial systems. + +==Overview== +[[File:Batch reactor.2.jpg|thumb|left|180px|Cut-away view of a stirred-tank chemical reactor with a cooling jacket]] +[[File:Final half coil vessel.JPG|thumb|left|180px|Chemical reactor with half coils wrapped around it]] +The most common basic types of chemical reactors are tanks (where the reactants mix in the whole volume) and pipes or tubes (for [[laminar flow reactor]]s and [[plug flow reactor]]s) + +Both types can be used as continuous reactors or batch reactors, and either may accommodate one or more solids ([[reagent]]s, [[catalyst]]s, or inert materials), but the reagents and products are typically fluids (liquids or gases). Reactors in [[continuous process]]es are typically run at [[steady-state (chemical engineering)|steady-state]], whereas reactors in [[batch production|batch processes]] are necessarily operated in a [[transient state (chemical engineering)|transient state]]. When a reactor is brought into operation, either for the first time or after a shutdown, it is in a transient state, and key [[process variable]]s change with time. + +There are three idealised models used to estimate the most important process variables of different chemical reactors: +*[[Batch reactor|Batch reactor model]], +*[[Continuous stirred-tank reactor|Continuous stirred-tank reactor model]] (CSTR), and +*[[Plug flow reactor model]] (PFR). + +Many real-world reactors can be modeled as a combination of these basic types. + +Key process variables include: +*[[Residence time (fluid dynamics)|Residence time]] (τ, lower case Greek tau) +*Volume (V) +*Temperature (T) +*Pressure (P) +*Concentrations of chemical species (C1, C2, C3, ... Cn) +*Heat transfer coefficients (h, U) + +A tubular reactor can often be a [[packed bed]]. In this case, the tube or channel contains particles or pellets, usually a solid [[Catalysis|catalyst]]. The reactants, in liquid or gas phase, are pumped through the catalyst bed. A chemical reactor may also be a [[fluidized bed]]; see [[Fluidized bed reactor]]. + +Chemical reactions occurring in a reactor may be [[exothermic]], meaning giving off heat, or [[endothermic]], meaning absorbing heat. A tank reactor may have a cooling or heating jacket or cooling or heating coils (tubes) wrapped around the outside of its vessel wall to cool down or heat up the contents, while tubular reactors can be designed like [[heat exchanger]]s if the reaction is strongly [[exothermic process|exothermic]], or like [[furnace]]s if the reaction is strongly [[endothermic process|endothermic]]. + +==Types== +===Batch reactor=== +{{Main|Batch reactor}} +The simplest type of reactor is a batch reactor. Materials are loaded into a batch reactor, and the reaction proceeds with time. A batch reactor does not reach a steady state, and control of temperature, pressure and volume is often necessary. Many batch reactors therefore have ports for sensors and material input and output. Batch reactors are typically used in small-scale production and reactions with biological materials, such as in brewing, pulping, and production of enzymes. One example of a batch reactor is a [[pressure reactor]]. +===CSTR (continuous stirred-tank reactor)=== +{{Main|Continuous stirred-tank reactor}} +[[File:Chemical reactor CSTR AISI 316.JPG|thumb|350px|right|Checking condition inside the case of a [[continuous stirred tank reactor]] (CSTR). The [[impeller]] (or agitator) blades on the shaft aid [[mixing (process engineering)|mixing]]. +The [[baffle (in vessel)|baffle]] at the bottom of the image also helps in mixing.]] +In a CSTR, one or more fluid reagents are introduced into a tank reactor which is typically stirred with an [[impeller]] to ensure proper mixing of the reagents while the reactor effluent is removed. Dividing the volume of the tank by the average [[volumetric flow rate]] through the tank gives the [[space time (chemical engineering)|space time]], or the time required to process one reactor volume of fluid. Using [[chemical kinetics]], the reaction's expected [[percent]] completion can be calculated. Some important aspects of the CSTR: +*At steady-state, the mass flow rate in must equal the mass flow rate out, otherwise the tank will overflow or go empty (transient state). While the reactor is in a transient state the model equation must be derived from the differential mass and energy balances. +*The reaction proceeds at the reaction rate associated with the final (output) concentration, since the concentration is assumed to be homogenous throughout the reactor. +*Often, it is economically beneficial to operate several CSTRs in series. This allows, for example, the first CSTR to operate at a higher reagent concentration and therefore a higher reaction rate. In these cases, the sizes of the reactors may be varied in order to minimize the total [[capital investment]] required to implement the process. +*It can be demonstrated that an [[infinity|infinite]] number of infinitely small CSTRs operating in series would be equivalent to a PFR. +The behavior of a CSTR is often approximated or modeled by that of a Continuous Ideally Stirred-Tank Reactor (CISTR). All calculations performed with CISTRs assume [[perfect mixing]]. If the residence time is 5-10 times the mixing time, this approximation is considered valid for engineering purposes. The CISTR model is often used to simplify engineering calculations and can be used to describe research reactors. In practice it can only be approached, particularly in industrial size reactors in which the mixing time may be very large. + +A loop reactor is a hybrid type of catalytic reactor that physically resembles a tubular reactor, but operates like a CSTR. The reaction mixture is circulated in a loop of tube, surrounded by a jacket for cooling or heating, and there is a continuous flow of starting material in and product out. + +===PFR (plug flow reactor)=== +[[File:Pipe-PFR.svg|thumb|350px|Simple diagram illustrating [[plug flow reactor model]]]] +{{Main|Plug flow reactor model}} +In a PFR, sometimes called continuous tubular reactor (CTR), one or more fluid reagents are [[pump]]ed through a pipe or tube. The chemical reaction proceeds as the reagents travel through the PFR. In this type of reactor, the changing reaction rate creates a [[gradient]] with respect to distance traversed; at the inlet to the PFR the rate is very high, but as the concentrations of the reagents decrease and the concentration of the product(s) increases the reaction rate slows. Some important aspects of the PFR: +*The idealized PFR model assumes no axial mixing: any element of fluid traveling through the reactor doesn't mix with fluid upstream or downstream from it, as implied by the term "[[plug flow]]". +*Reagents may be introduced into the PFR at locations in the reactor other than the inlet. In this way, a higher efficiency may be obtained, or the size and cost of the PFR may be reduced. +*A PFR has a higher theoretical efficiency than a CSTR of the same volume. That is, given the same space-time (or residence time), a reaction will proceed to a higher percentage completion in a PFR than in a CSTR. This is not always true for reversible reactions. + +For most chemical reactions of industrial interest, it is impossible for the reaction to proceed to 100% completion. The rate of reaction decreases as the reactants are consumed until the point where the system reaches dynamic equilibrium (no net reaction, or change in chemical species occurs). The equilibrium point for most systems is less than 100% complete. For this reason a separation process, such as [[distillation]], often follows a chemical reactor in order to separate any remaining reagents or byproducts from the desired product. These reagents may sometimes be reused at the beginning of the process, such as in the [[Haber process]]. In some cases, very large reactors would be necessary to approach equilibrium, and chemical engineers may choose to separate the partially reacted mixture and recycle the leftover reactants. + +Under [[laminar flow]] conditions, the assumption of plug flow is highly inaccurate, as the fluid traveling through the center of the tube moves much faster than the fluid at the wall. The continuous [[oscillatory baffled reactor]] (COBR) achieves thorough mixing by the combination of fluid [[oscillation]] and orifice baffles, allowing plug flow to be approximated under [[laminar flow]] conditions. + +===Semibatch reactor=== +{{Main|Semibatch reactor}} +A semibatch reactor is operated with both continuous and batch inputs and outputs. A fermenter, for example, is loaded with a batch of medium and microbes which constantly produces carbon dioxide that must be removed continuously. Similarly, reacting a gas with a liquid is usually difficult, because a large volume of gas is required to react with an equal mass of liquid. To overcome this problem, a continuous feed of gas can be bubbled through a batch of a liquid. In general, in semibatch operation, one chemical reactant is loaded into the reactor and a second chemical is added slowly (for instance, to prevent [[side reaction]]s), or a product which results from a phase change is continuously removed, for example a gas formed by the reaction, a solid that precipitates out, or a hydrophobic product that forms in an aqueous solution. + +===Catalytic reactor=== +Although [[catalysis|catalytic]] reactors are often implemented as plug flow reactors, their analysis requires more complicated treatment. The rate of a catalytic reaction is proportional to the amount of catalyst the reagents contact, as well as the concentration of the reactants. With a solid phase catalyst and fluid phase reagents, this is proportional to the exposed area, efficiency of diffusion of reagents in and products out, and efficacy of mixing. Perfect mixing usually cannot be assumed. Furthermore, a catalytic reaction pathway often occurs in multiple steps with intermediates that are chemically bound to the catalyst; and as the chemical binding to the catalyst is also a chemical reaction, it may affect the kinetics. Catalytic reactions often display so-called ''falsified kinetics'', when the apparent kinetics differ from the actual chemical kinetics due to physical transport effects. + +The product of the catalyst is also a consideration. Particularly in high-temperature petrochemical processes, catalysts are deactivated by processes such as [[sintering]], [[coking]], and [[catalyst poisoning|poisoning]]. + +A common example of a catalytic reactor is the [[catalytic converter]] that processes toxic components of automobile exhausts. However, most petrochemical reactors are catalytic, and are responsible for most industrial chemical production, with extremely high-volume examples including [[sulfuric acid]], [[ammonia]], reformate/[[BTEX]] (benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylene), and [[fluid catalytic cracking]]. Various configurations are possible, see [[Heterogeneous catalytic reactor]]. + +{{Portal|Chemistry|Engineering}} + +==External links== +*[http://www.hedengren.net/research/models.htm Simple CSTR Models in MATLAB] +*[http://www.listdryprocessing.com/fileadmin/user_upload/download/publications/2015-3_CE_Article.pdf Energy Efficient Processes for Polymers, written by Rolund Kunkel] + +==References== +{{reflist|refs= + +{{cite book +| last1 = Pereira +| first1 = Carmo J. +| last2 = Leib +| first2 = Tiberiu M. +| date = 2008 +| title = Perry's Chemical Engineer's Handbook +| section = Section 19, Reactors +| location = New York +| publisher = [[McGraw-Hill Education|McGraw-Hill]] +| page = 4 +| edition = 8th +| isbn = 9780071542265 +| oclc = 191805887 +| title-link = Perry's Chemical Engineers' Handbook +}} + +{{cite book +| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=XuSq2qtbp60C&pg=PA109 +| title = Flows of Reactive Fluids +| last = Prud'homme +| first = Roger +| date = 2010-07-15 +| publisher = [[Springer Science+Business Media]] +| year = +| isbn = 9780817646592 +| location = +| pages = 109 +| language = en +}} + +{{cite book +| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=94EqBgAAQBAJ&pg=PA67 +| title = Green Chemical Engineering: An Introduction to Catalysis, Kinetics, and Chemical Processes +| last = Suresh +| first = S. +| last2 = Sundaramoorthy +| first2 = S. +| date = 2014-12-18 +| publisher = [[CRC Press]] +| year = +| isbn = 9781466558854 +| location = +| pages = 67 +| language = en +}} + +{{cite book +| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=hhHABAAAQBAJ&pg=PA1057 +| title = Chemical Reactor Modeling: Multiphase Reactive Flows +| last = Jakobsen +| first = Hugo A. +| date = 2014-04-02 +| publisher = [[Springer Science+Business Media]] +| year = +| isbn = 9783319050928 +| location = +| pages = 1057 +| language = en +}} + +{{cite web +| last = Foley +| first = Alexandra +| date = 2014-08-15 +| url = https://www.comsol.com/blogs/packed-bed-reactor/ +| title = What Is a Packed Bed Reactor? +| website = COMSOL Multiphysics© +| access-date = 2016-10-19 +| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20161020041321/https://www.comsol.com/blogs/packed-bed-reactor/ +| archive-date = 2016-10-20 +| url-status = live +}} + +{{cite book + | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=MYWfHbLnDY4C&pg=PA8 + | title = Chemical Engineering, Volume 3: Chemical and Biochemical Reactors and Process Control + | last = Peacock + | first = D. G. + | last2 = Richardson + | first2 = J. F. + | date = 2012-12-02 + | publisher = [[Elsevier]] + | year = + | isbn = 0080571549 + | location = + | pages = 8 + | language = en + }} + +{{cite book +| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=XicUDgAAQBAJ&pg=PA80 +| title=Coulson and Richardson’s Chemical Engineering: Volume 3A: Chemical and Biochemical Reactors and Reaction Engineering +| last = Ravi +| first = R. +| last2 = Vinu +| first2 = R. +| last3 = Gummadi +| first3 = S. N. +| date = 2017-09-26 +| publisher = [[Butterworth-Heinemann]] +| year = +| isbn = 9780081012239 +| location = +| pages = 80 +| language = en +}} + +{{cite web +| url = https://www.vapourtec.com/flow-chemistry/plug-flow-reactor/ +| title = Plug Flow Reactor{{!}}Vapourtec Ltd +| newspaper = Vapourtec +| language = en-GB +| access-date = 2016-10-19 +| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20161020104546/https://www.vapourtec.com/flow-chemistry/plug-flow-reactor/ +| archive-date = 2016-10-20 +| url-status = live +}} + +{{cite book +| last = Schmidt +| first = Lanny D. +| title = The Engineering of Chemical Reactions +| location = New York +| publisher = [[Oxford University Press]] +| year = 1998 +| isbn = 0195105885 +}} + +{{cite book +| last = Levenspiel +| first = Octave +| title = The Chemical Reactor Omnibook +| publisher = Oregon St Univ Bookstores +| date = January 1993 +| author-link = Octave Levenspiel +| isbn = 0882461605 +}} + +}} + +[[Category:Chemical reactors]] diff --git a/en.wikipedia.org/Church_Rock,_New_Mexico/article.txt b/en.wikipedia.org/Church_Rock,_New_Mexico/article.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..8874cec --- /dev/null +++ b/en.wikipedia.org/Church_Rock,_New_Mexico/article.txt @@ -0,0 +1,208 @@ +{{Infobox settlement +|official_name = Church Rock, New Mexico +|settlement_type = [[Census-designated place|CDP]] +|nickname = Churchrock Chapter +|motto = + + +|image_skyline = +|imagesize = +|image_caption = +|image_flag = +|image_seal = + + +|image_map = McKinley_County_New_Mexico_Incorporated_and_Unincorporated_areas_Church_Rock_Highlighted.svg +|mapsize = 250px +|map_caption = Location of Church Rock, New Mexico +|image_map1 = +|mapsize1 = +|map_caption1 = +|pushpin_map = USA +|pushpin_map_caption = Location in the United States + + +|subdivision_type = [[List of sovereign states|Country]] +|subdivision_name = United States +|subdivision_type1 = [[U.S. state|State]] +|subdivision_name1 = [[New Mexico]] +|subdivision_type2 = [[List of counties in New Mexico|County]] +|subdivision_name2 = [[McKinley County, New Mexico|McKinley]] +|government_footnotes = +|government_type = [[Chapter Government]] +|leader_title = [[President (government title)#Sub-national|President]] +|leader_name = Johnnie Henry Jr. +|leader_title1 = [[Vice-President]] +|leader_name1 = Sherman Woody +|leader_title2 = [[Secretary-Treasurer]] +|leader_name2 = Louise Jim +|leader_title3 = [[Tribal Council Member]] +|leader_name3 = Edmund Yazzie +|established_title = +|established_date = December 5, 1955 + + +|unit_pref = Imperial +|area_footnotes = {{cite web | title=2010 Census Gazetteer Files - Places: New Mexico | url=http://www2.census.gov/geo/docs/maps-data/data/gazetteer/2010_place_list_35.txt | publisher=[[U.S. Census Bureau]] | access-date=October 20, 2017}} +|area_magnitude = +|area_total_km2 = +|area_land_km2 = +|area_water_km2 = +|area_total_sq_mi = 2.3 +|area_land_sq_mi = 2.3 +|area_water_sq_mi = 0.0 + + +|population_as_of = [[2010 United States Census|2010]] +|population_footnotes = +|population_total = 1128 +|population_density_km2 = +|population_density_sq_mi = auto + + +|timezone = [[Mountain Time Zone|Mountain (MST)]] +|utc_offset = -7 +|timezone_DST = MDT +|utc_offset_DST = -6 +|elevation_footnotes = +|elevation_m = 2038 +|elevation_ft = 6686 +|coordinates = {{coord|35|32|6|N|108|36|42|W|region:US_type:city|display=inline,title}} +|postal_code_type = [[ZIP code]] +|postal_code = 87311 +|area_code = [[Area code 505|505]] +|blank_name = [[Federal Information Processing Standard|FIPS code]] +|blank_info = 35-15370 +|blank1_name = [[Geographic Names Information System|GNIS]] feature ID +|blank1_info = 0902212 +|website = http://churchrock.navajochapters.org +|footnotes = +}} +[[File:(Old No. 122) Navajo Church near Fort Wingate, McKinley County, New Mexico., 1871 - 1878 - NARA - 517770.jpg|thumb|'''Church Rock''', a famous landmark. Photo circa 1875.]] +'''Church Rock''' ({{lang-nv|'''{{spell-nv|Kinłitsosinil}}'''}}) is a [[census-designated place]] (CDP) in [[McKinley County, New Mexico|McKinley County]], [[New Mexico]], United States. The population was 1,128 at the [[2010 United States Census|2010 census]]. Church Rock is named for Church Rock, a prominent natural landmark with the same name. + +==Navajo Nation government== +{| class="wikitable" +|- +! 2004-2008 Chapter Official +! 2004-2008 Council Delegate +! 2004-2008 Administration +|- +| Johnny Livingston, President +| Charles S. Damon II +| Alice Largo, Coordinator +|- +| Robinson Kelly, Vice-President +| Ernest D. Yazzie Jr. +| Deeanna Washee, +|- +| Sherman Woody, Secretary/Treasurer +| +| +|- +| Vanessa Begay-Lee, Grazing Official +| +| +|} + +{| class="wikitable" +|- +! 2008-2012 Chapter Official +! 2008-2012 Council Delegate +! 2008-2011 Administration +! 2011-2012 Administration +|- +| Johnnie Henry Jr., President +| Charles S. Damon II +| Brian H. Chee, Coordinator +| Alvin Billie, Coordinator +|- +| Robinson Kelly, Vice-President +| Ernest D. Yazzie Jr. +| Deeanna Washee, Office Specialist +| Deeanna Washee, AMS +|- +| Louise Jim, Secretary/Treasurer +| ** Edmund Yazzie +| Michelle Johns, Office Assistant +| Michelle Johns, Office Assistant +|- +| Emery Chee, Grazing Official +| ** Member of 22nd NN Council +| +| +|} + +==Geography== +Church Rock is located at {{coord|35|32|6|N|108|36|42|W|type:city}} (35.534961, -108.611593).{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/geographies/reference-files/time-series/geo/gazetteer-files.html|publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]]|access-date=2011-04-23|date=2011-02-12|title=US Gazetteer files: 2010, 2000, and 1990}} + +According to the [[United States Census Bureau]], the CDP has a total area of {{convert|2.3|mi2|km2}}, of which {{convert|2.3|mi2|km2}} is land and {{convert|0.03|mi2|km2}} (1.2%) is water. + +==Demographics== +{| class="wikitable sortable collapsible" style="font-size: 90%;" +|- +! Languages (2000) {{cite web |url=https://apps.mla.org/cgi-shl/docstudio/docs.pl?map_data_results |title=Archived copy |access-date=2017-03-24 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170525123705/https://apps.mla.org/cgi-shl/docstudio/docs.pl?map_data_results |archive-date=2017-05-25 }} !! Percent +|- +| Spoke [[Navajo language|Navajo]] at home || 63.31% +|- +| Spoke [[English language|English]] at home || 36.69% +|} +As of the [[census]]{{cite web |url=https://www.census.gov |publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]] |access-date=2008-01-31 |title=U.S. Census website }} of 2000, there were 1,077 people, 258 households, and 214 families residing in the CDP. The [[population density]] was 450.7 people per square mile (174.0/km2). There were 299 housing units at an average density of 125.1 per square mile (48.3/km2). The racial makeup of the CDP was 98.14% [[Native American (U.S. Census)|Native American]], 0.65% [[White (U.S. Census)|White]], 0.09% [[African American (U.S. Census)|African American]], 0.28% from [[Race (United States Census)|other races]], and 0.84% from two or more races. [[Hispanic (U.S. Census)|Hispanic]] or [[Latino (U.S. Census)|Latino]] of any race were 1.39% of the population. + +There were 258 households, out of which 56.2% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 43.4% were [[Marriage|married couples]] living together, 31.0% had a female householder with no husband present, and 16.7% were non-families. 15.1% of all households were made up of individuals, and 3.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 4.17 and the average family size was 4.65. + +In the CDP, the population was spread out, with 42.2% under the age of 18, 11.7% from 18 to 24, 26.0% from 25 to 44, 15.6% from 45 to 64, and 4.5% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 22 years. For every 100 females, there were 92.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 87.3 males. + +The median income for a household in the CDP was $27,917, and the median income for a family was $28,958. Males had a median income of $23,529 versus $21,016 for females. The [[per capita income]] for the CDP was $6,780. About 34.3% of families and 36.0% of the population were below the [[poverty line]], including 47.5% of those under age 18 and none of those age 65 or over. + +==History== + +On July 15, 2019, a body was found in the trunk of a burning automobile near Church Rock. The FBI published a media alert. + +==Uranium mining== +{{See also|Church Rock uranium mill spill}} +On July 16, 1979, the dam at a United Nuclear Corporation (based in Virginia) Church Rock uranium mill was breached and spilled 1,100 tons of milled [[uranium]] ore and {{convert|94|e6USgal|m3}} of heavy metal effluent into the [[Puerco River]]. This was the largest release of radioactive waste in U.S. history, but until recently, no epidemiological studies were undertaken of the effects on the population.{{cite journal| pmc=1963288 | pmid=17666688 | doi=10.2105/AJPH.2006.103044 | volume=97 | title=The Sequoyah corporation fuels release and the Church Rock spill: unpublicized nuclear releases in American Indian communities | date=September 2007 | journal=Am J Public Health | pages=1595–600 | last1 = Brugge | first1 = D | last2 = Bui | first2 = C}} With the declining uranium market, two of the mines closed in 1983 and the third closed in February 1986.Shuey, Chris (1992). "Contaminant Loading on the Puerco River: A Historical Overview", Southwest Research and Information Center Albuquerque, New Mexico, 14 October 1992. {{cite web |url=http://www.sric.org/uranium/PUERCO92.html |title=Archived copy |access-date=2008-10-29 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081014224806/http://www.sric.org/uranium/PUERCO92.html |archive-date=2008-10-14 }} + +In 2003 the Church Rock Uranium Monitoring Project was initiated by the Churchrock Chapter of the +[[Navajo Nation]] to assess environmental impacts of abandoned uranium mines and build capacity to conduct community-based research with policy implications.{{cite web|author=Shuey, Chris|display-authors=et al|date=2007|title=REPORT OF THE CHURCH ROCK URANIUM MONITORING PROJECT 2003-2007, CHURCHROCK CHAPTER, NAVAJO NATION, SOUTHWEST RESEARCH AND INFORMATION CENTER and NAVAJO EDUCATION AND SCHOLARSHIP FOUNDATION|location=Window Rock, Navajo Nation (Arizona), USA|url=http://www.sric.org/uranium/CRUMPReportSummary.pdf|format=PDF|access-date=13 October 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121010095916/http://www.sric.org/uranium/CRUMPReportSummary.pdf|archive-date=10 October 2012|url-status=dead}} Its May 2007 report found that significant radiation from both natural and mining sources remains in the area; the community is dedicated to remedy the problem as much as possible. + +In 2005 the Navajo Nation prohibited any further uranium mining in the nation. In 2008 the US EPA and the Navajo EPA began a five-year plan to identify and ameliorate areas contaminated by uranium mining; their priority has been water sources and structures.[http://www.chron.com/news/article/Navajo-woman-helps-prompt-uranium-mine-cleanup-2155858.php Felicia Fonseca, "Navajo woman helps prompt uranium mine cleanup"], Associated Press, carried in ''Houston Chronicle'', 5 September 2011, accessed 5 October 2011 + +In 2013 the Churchrock Chapter passed a resolution supporting a demonstration [[in-situ mining]] at Section 8 and 17. The resolution passed with 68 in support 26 opposed and 16 abstained. Minority of community members continue to oppose mining operations as well as outside residents who reside in other chapters and non-Navajos.[http://www.daily-times.com/four_corners-news/ci_24790246/uranium-project-given-green-light-navajo-nation "Uranium project given green light on Navajo Nation"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140726024547/http://www.daily-times.com/four_corners-news/ci_24790246/uranium-project-given-green-light-navajo-nation |date=2014-07-26 }}, Farmington Daily Times, carried in "Farmington Daily Times", 24 December 2013, accessed 16 July 2014[https://www.facebook.com/carefordine/posts/263927690407255 "Churchrock supports uranium mining"], Gallup Independent, carried in "Gallup Independent", 9 February 2013, accessed 16 July 2014 + +==Culture== +Inter Tribal Ceremonial (August) brings thousands of visitors and members of almost all Indian tribes to Red Rock State Park.{{Citation needed|date=October 2008}} + +Churchrock Chapter celebrates the annual, Treaty Day Festival on June 1. The first event took place on June 1, 2010. The event is to commemorate the signing of the Treaty of 1868 between the Navajo Tribe and United States Government to emancipate the Navajo people from Fort Sumner, New Mexico (Bosque Redondo). + +==Economy== +Church Rock is the location of [[Fire Rock Casino]], which opened on November 19, 2008. + +==References== +{{Reflist|refs= + +{{cite web +| author = +| title = FBI Media Alert: Body Found in Trunk of Burning Car Near Church Rock, New Mexico +| website = FBI.com +| url = https://www.fbi.gov/contact-us/field-offices/albuquerque/news/press-releases/fbi-media-alert-body-found-in-trunk-of-burning-car-near-church-rock-new-mexico +| access-date = 2019-07-18 +| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190718061040/https://www.fbi.gov/contact-us/field-offices/albuquerque/news/press-releases/fbi-media-alert-body-found-in-trunk-of-burning-car-near-church-rock-new-mexico +| archive-date =2019-07-18 +| url-status = live +}} + +}} + +==External links== +*{{cite web|url=http://churchrock.navajochapters.org|title=Home Page|website=Churchrock.navajochapters.org|access-date=13 October 2017}} +*{{cite web|url=http://www.sric.org/uranium/PUERCO92.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081014224806/http://www.sric.org/uranium/PUERCO92.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=14 October 2008|title=Puerco River Spill, Historical Overview|date=14 October 2008|access-date=13 October 2017}} + +{{McKinley County, New Mexico}} +{{Communities of the Navajo Nation}} + +{{authority control}} + +[[Category:Census-designated places in McKinley County, New Mexico]] +[[Category:Census-designated places in New Mexico]] +[[Category:Populated places on the Navajo Nation]] diff --git a/en.wikipedia.org/Coalescent/article.txt b/en.wikipedia.org/Coalescent/article.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..3737cc0 --- /dev/null +++ b/en.wikipedia.org/Coalescent/article.txt @@ -0,0 +1,100 @@ +{{short description|Science-fiction novel by Stephen Baxter}} +{{About|the novel|the theory of genomics|coalescent theory||Coalescence (disambiguation){{!}}Coalescence}} +{{EngvarB|date=September 2013}} +{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2013}} +{{Infobox book + +| name = Coalescent +| title_orig = +| translator = +| image = Coalescent.jpg +| caption = Hardcover edition cover +| author = Stephen Baxter +| illustrator = +| cover_artist = EkhornForss +| country = United Kingdom +| language = English +| series = ''[[Destiny's Children]]''
''[[Xeelee Sequence]]'' +| genre = [[Science fiction]] novel +| publisher = [[Victor Gollancz Ltd|Gollancz]] +| release_date = November 2003 +| english_release_date = +| media_type = Print (hardback & paperback) +| pages = 480 +| isbn = 0-575-07423-X +| oclc = 52695764 +| preceded_by = +| followed_by = [[Exultant (book)|Exultant]] +}} + +'''''Coalescent''''' is a science-fiction novel by [[Stephen Baxter (author)|Stephen Baxter]]. It is part one of the ''[[Destiny's Children]]'' series. The story is set in two main time periods: modern Britain, when George Poole finds that he has a previously unknown sister and follows a trail to a mysterious and ancient organisation in Rome (Puissant Order of Holy Mary Queen of Virgins); and the time of Regina, a girl growing up during the ending of [[Roman Britain|Roman rule]] in Britain, around AD 400. + +''Coalescent'' was nominated for the [[Arthur C. Clarke Award]] in 2004.{{cite web +| url = http://www.worldswithoutend.com/books_year_index.asp?year=2004 +| title = 2004 Award Winners & Nominees +| work = Worlds Without End +| accessdate=3 August 2009 +}} + +==Plot summary== + +The book consists of four distinct parts. The primary purpose of part one is the introduction of the characters, in ancient Britain and the present. Part two introduces a modern first-person view of the Order in Rome while following Regina's budding legacy centuries before. Part three hosts the clash and resolution of Poole and the Order's realities. Part four is a look eons into Humanity's Expansion into the Universe and provides a conclusion in George Poole's present. + +=== Part one === + +====George Poole==== +George Poole copes with the mid-life crisis of losing his father. He meets Peter McLachlan, an eccentric member of an online free-thinking Internet group called the Slan(t)ers, who is researching dark matter and who is fascinated by a new and unknown artificial object discovered beyond the orbit of Pluto. George Poole uncovers an old picture showing a sister he never knew. Poole also discovers that his father regularly donated large sums of money to an organisation called the "Puissant Order of Holy Mary Queen of Virgins". Combined with a sense of futility in determining his future and encouragement from both Peter and his former wife Linda, Poole decides to uncover the mystery of his missing sister. + +Poole leaves England to visit his sister Gina (who is ''not'' his newly discovered missing sister) in Florida for information, despite their strained relationship. After spoiling his clever nephews as well as clashing with his distant sister Gina, Poole extracts the contact of a [[Jesuit]] priest in Rome and his own retired uncle in Florida. Poole learns from his uncle, Lou Casella, that his twin sister was given to the ancient Order when Poole's parents were unexpectedly landed with twins. + +====Regina==== +Born into a wealthy mosaic-designing family of 5th-century Roman Britain, seven-year-old Regina is uprooted from her comfortable villa due to her father's death and the [[Roman Empire]]'s withdrawal. The Roman Empire loses its strength in Britain as invading [[Saxon people|Saxons]] pummel the Great Wall north of Roman settlements to where Regina and her grandfather Aetius relocated. Aetius dies after losing control over his unpaid mutinous soldiers. + +Regina seeks refuge with her servant Cartumandua's relatives in [[Verulamium]] but is betrayed by Carta's cousin Amator who rapes and abandons her. Verulamium burns down, forcing Regina and Cartumandua's family to live off the land in poverty for over sixteen years. Regina kills a roaming Saxon who nearly rapes her daughter, Brica. This event convinces Regina, the leader of their hamlet, to accept the invitation of warlord [[King Arthur|Artorius]] to help restore order to Britain again. + +=== Part two === + +====Lucia==== +In modern Rome, Lucia, a fifteen-year-old scribe for the Order, is devastated when she begins to [[menstruate]] — unlike any of her friends and colleagues within the Order. Once this is discovered Lucia is initiated into in her new role within the Order. Meanwhile, Lucia falls in love with seventeen-year-old American Daniel Stannard but is snatched back into the Order to do what is expected of her. After being impregnated by an anonymous distant cousin in a ceremony held deep within the Order's chambers Lucia gives birth following only three months of pregnancy. The baby is removed from her at once and Lucia never sees her baby again. Emotionally unstable, she runs away with Daniel. + +====Regina==== +Back in 5th Century Britain, Regina establishes her life working with Artorius, eventually managing his kingdom's record keeping. Artorius takes Regina as his wife for symbolic and moral reasons. She disdains Artorius' barbaric practices and thirst for conquest. Regina accompanies Artorius to a War Council where she realises to stay attached with the reckless Artorius would mean certain doom for her progeny. To search out her mother, Julia, Regina secures passage to Rome by allowing herself and her daughter to give sexual favours to a wealthy merchant named Ceawlin. + +Upon arriving in Rome, Regina contacts Amator, now openly homosexual and a wealthy bakery owner, and demands recompense for abandoning her and her family. Regina re-establishes contact with her mother, Julia, after a cool reunion. Regina joins the Puissant Order of Holy Mary Queen of Virgins, a Christian-adapted faction of the [[Vestal Virgin]]s located on the Appian Way – an organisation that her family has become intimate with. Regina's leadership revives the ageing Order by converting it into a successful private school. Years later, on the night following her daughter's marriage, the [[Sack of Rome (455)|Sack of Rome]] in 455 by the [[Vandals]] occurs. Regina's foresight saves the Order when the women and children are evacuated into the catacombs she had dug for a sanctuary. + +In Regina's twilight years, she establishes important rules precedents for the Order. Unnecessary and unsupportable births are prohibited. A handful of mothers must dedicate their lives to replenishing the Order with births. Before her death in 476 AD, Regina establishes three main rules to govern the Order: + +*''Sisters matter more than daughters.'' +*''Ignorance is strength.'' +*''Listen to your sisters.'' + +=== Part three === +In the centuries following Regina's death, the Order assists the poor, robbed, and injured, gaining donations to its coffers from the occasional assisted person who became wealthy. Another Crypt that developed similarly to the Order is found and plans made for its eradication and occupation. In 1537, the Order survives the [[Sack of Rome (1527)|pillage of Rome]] during the Papacy of [[Clement VII]] by sacrificing five of its members to rape and death to divert Clement and his men's attention from an entrance to the Crypt. + +====George Poole==== +Meanwhile, in the present, George Poole, followed by a nervous Peter McLachlan, has a cool reunion with his lost sister Rosa. Rosa gives George a tour of the Crypt, the Order's secret human cache. Peter speculates with George about evidence of intelligent dark matter life moving through earth. Daniel serendipitously meets with George Poole, who is searching for additional information about the Order. Daniel, George Poole, and Peter take the very pregnant Lucia to a hospital where Peter becomes suspicious of the mysterious Order. The Order promptly retrieves Lucia from the hospital but not before Peter and George learn that most of the Crypt's inhabitants [[reproductive suppression|remain prepubescent indefinitely]]. + +George Poole convinces his Jesuit priest contact to grant Peter access to ancient Catholic records. George's patriarchal roots are traced to a British surveyor named George Poole who came to Rome in 1863. George returns to the Crypt looking for information and finds himself smothered with the [[pheromones|familiar smell]] and contact of those in the Crypt, all of whom share his similar facial features (namely, cloudy grey eyes). His sister Rosa almost persuades him to become assimilated into the Order as a stud but an urgent text message by Peter brings him to his senses. + +Peter has a theory explaining the strange peculiarities of the Order. The Order is a family of [[eusociality|eusocial]] humans that evolved from the intense pressures to survive the various conquests of Rome over the centuries. He cites [[naked mole rat]]s as an example of eusocial behaviour in mammals. He explains how Regina's three rules result in a "genetic mandate for eusociality." He calls the Order a "human hive" and labels them "Coalescents" — a new kind of human. Peter then suddenly leaves after receiving a text message. + +Days later, George learns that Peter has invaded the Crypt and is threatening to set off [[Semtex]] [[plastic explosive]]s to expose the Order. Peter and the Slan(t)ers are responsible for the recent bombing of a [[San Jose, California|San Jose]] research facility investigating [[quantum gravity]] technology – under the belief that a higher intelligence would notice the manipulation of [[spacetime|space-time]] and eradicate a possible threat to their superiority. Peter's reasoning in exposing the Crypt is that the Order does not exist for any purpose except for itself. It threatens to destroy humanity as individuals and replace it with mindless drones. Peter Mclachlan then detonates his bombs and dies. George begins the evacuation of the Crypt, and the mob of drones emerge hive-like from the crater in the middle of Via Cristoforo Colombo. + +=== Part four === +Toward the end of the novel there are also two short sections telling of a hive planet in the far future. A planet has been knocked out of its solar orbit, and the hives have survived deep underground for aeons. A military mission arrives, aiming to secure workers for the war-effort, and invades a colony. They fight their way into the hive, and ship the survivors off-world. + +==References== +{{Reflist}} + +==External links== +* [http://www.worldswithoutend.com/novel.asp?ID=580 Coalescent] at Worlds Without End + +{{Stephen Baxter}} + +[[Category:2003 British novels]] +[[Category:Human-derived fictional species]] +[[Category:Novels by Stephen Baxter]] +[[Category:Xeelee Sequence]] +[[Category:2003 science fiction novels]] +[[Category:Novels set in sub-Roman Britain]] +[[Category:Modern Arthurian fiction]] diff --git a/en.wikipedia.org/DWSIM/article.txt b/en.wikipedia.org/DWSIM/article.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..d992333 --- /dev/null +++ b/en.wikipedia.org/DWSIM/article.txt @@ -0,0 +1,63 @@ +{{Short description|Chemical process simulation software}} +{{Infobox software +| name = DWSIM +| logo = [[Image:DWSIM icon.png|48px|DWSIM logo]] +| screenshot = [[Image:DWSIM v5 running on macOS.png|300px|DWSIM running on macOS]] +| caption = DWSIM running on macOS +| developer = [https://www.linkedin.com/pub/daniel-medeiros/24/b91/6a3 Daniel Medeiros] +| released = {{release date and age|mf=yes|2008|07|09}} +| latest release version = 5.8 Update 4 (Windows/Linux/macOS) / {{Start date and age|2019|11|11}}{{cite web |url=https://sourceforge.net/projects/dwsim/files/DWSIM/DWSIM%205.8/Update%204/|title=Version 5.8 Update 14|publisher=danwbr|accessdate=11 November 2019}} + +3.3.2 (iOS) / {{Start date and age|2019|10|21}}{{cite web |url=https://itunes.apple.com/us/app/dwsim-simulator/id1162110266?mt=8|title=Version History|publisher=Daniel Medeiros|accessdate=19 July 2019}} + +3.3.2 (Android) / {{Start date and age|2019|10|21}}{{cite web |url=https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.danielmedeiros.dwsim_simulator&hl=en_US|title=DWSIM Simulator|publisher=Daniel Medeiros|accessdate=19 July 2019}} +| repo = {{URL|https://github.com/DanWBR/dwsim5}} + +{{URL|https://sourceforge.net/projects/dwsim/}} +| programming language = [[Visual Basic .NET]], [[C Sharp (programming language)|C#]] +| operating system = [[Microsoft Windows|Windows]], [[Linux]], [[macOS]], [[Android (operating system)|Android]], [[iOS]] +| platform = [[.NET Framework|.NET]], [[Mono (software)|Mono]] +| language = English, Brazilian Portuguese +| genre = [[Chemical process modeling]] +| license = [[GNU General Public License]]/[[GNU Lesser General Public License]] (Windows/Linux/macOS), [[Freemium]] (Android/iOS) +| website = [http://dwsim.inforside.com.br dwsim.inforside.com.br] +}} +__NOTOC__ +'''DWSIM''' is an [[Open-source software|open-source]] [[CAPE-OPEN Interface Standard|CAPE-OPEN]] compliant chemical [[Process simulation|process simulator]] for [[Windows]], [[Linux]] and [[macOS]]. DWSIM is built on top of the [[.NET Framework|Microsoft .NET]] and [[Mono (software)|Mono]] Platforms and features a Graphical User Interface (GUI), advanced [[thermodynamics]] calculations, reactions support and petroleum characterization / hypothetical component generation tools. + +DWSIM is able to simulate steady-state, vapor–liquid, vapor–liquid-liquid, solid–liquid and aqueous electrolyte equilibrium processes with the following Thermodynamic Models and Unit Operations: + +* [[thermodynamics|Thermodynamic models]]: [http://www.coolprop.org CoolProp], [[Peng–Robinson equation of state]], [[Peng–Robinson–Stryjek–Vera equation of state|Peng–Robinson-Strÿjek-Vera (PRSV2)]], [[Equation of state|Soave–Redlich–Kwong]], [[Lee-Kesler method|Lee-Kesler]], Lee-Kesler-Plöcker, [[UNIFAC|UNIFAC(-LL)]], Modified UNIFAC (Dortmund), Modified UNIFAC (NIST), [[UNIQUAC]], [[Non-random two-liquid model|NRTL]], Chao-Seader, Grayson-Streed, Extended UNIQUAC, [[Raoult's Law]], IAPWS-IF97 Steam Tables, IAPWS-08 Seawater, Black-Oil and Sour Water; +* [[Unit operation]]s: CAPE-OPEN Socket, Spreadsheet, Custom (IronPython Script), Mixer, Splitter, Separator, [[Pump]], [[Air compressor|Compressor]], Expander, Heater, Cooler, [[Valve]], Pipe Segment, Shortcut Column, [[Heat exchanger]], Reactors (Conversion, PFR, CSTR, Equilibrium and Gibbs), [[Distillation column]], Simple, Refluxed and Reboiled Absorbers, Component Separator, Solids Separator, Continuous Cake Filter and [[Orifice plate]]; +* Utilities: Binary Data Regression, Phase Envelope, Natural Gas Hydrates, Pure Component Properties, True Critical Point, PSV Sizing, Vessel Sizing, Spreadsheet and Petroleum Cold Flow Properties; +* Tools: Hypothetical Component Generator, Bulk C7+/Distillation Curves Petroleum Characterization, Petroleum Assay Manager, Reactions Manager and Compound Creator; +* Process Analysis and Optimization: Sensitivity Analysis Utility, Multivariate Optimizer with bound constraints; +* Extras: Support for Runtime [[Python (programming language)|Python]] Scripts, Plugins and CAPE-OPEN Flowsheet Monitoring Objects. + +==Android and iOS versions== + +DWSIM is also available on [[Android (operating system)|Android]] and [[iOS]] mobile operating systems, where it is free to download. On these platforms, DWSIM includes a basic set of features while more advanced modules can be unlocked through [[Microtransaction|in-app purchases]].Medeiros, Daniel. [http://dwsim.inforside.com.br/wiki/index.php?title=Features_by_Platform "DWSIM Features by Platform"], ''DWSIM Wiki'', Retrieved on 14 October 2016. + +==Raspberry Pi version== + +A special DWSIM build is available for Raspberry Pi 2/3 devices running an [[ARM_architecture|armhf-based]] Linux distribution like [[Raspbian]] and [[Ubuntu MATE]].Medeiros, Daniel. [https://www.linkedin.com/feed/update/urn:li:activity:6342867207382409216 "DWSIM now available for Raspberry Pi 2/3 devices"], ''LinkedIn Post'', Retrieved on 05 December 2017. + +==Standalone Thermodynamics Library== + +DWSIM's Property and Equilibrium calculation routines are also available as a standalone, 100% [[Managed code|managed]] {{not a typo|.NET}} Dynamic Link Library (DLL).Medeiros, Daniel. [http://dwsim.inforside.com.br/wiki/index.php?title=DTL "DWSIM Thermodynamics Library"], ''DWSIM Wiki'', Retrieved on 20 June 2012. It can be linked against free and proprietary applications ([[LGPL]] v3 license). + +==See also== +*[[Process design (chemical engineering)]] +*[[List of Chemical Process Simulators]] +*[[Standard temperature and pressure]] + +==External links== +*[http://dwsim.inforside.com.br DWSIM homepage] - documentation, download links, tutorials, help and support for DWSIM. +*[http://www.colan.org/ CO-LaN] - the CAPE-OPEN Laboratories Network is a neutral industry and academic association promoting open interface standards in process simulation software. CO-LaN members are committed to making Computer Aided Process Engineering easier, faster and less expensive by achieving complete interoperability of compliant commercial CAPE software tools. CO-LaN supports and maintains the CAPE-OPEN interface standards. + +==References== + + + +[[Category:Simulation software]] +[[Category:Chemical engineering software]] diff --git a/en.wikipedia.org/Fall__or,_Dodge_in_Hell/article.txt b/en.wikipedia.org/Fall__or,_Dodge_in_Hell/article.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..defb25a --- /dev/null +++ b/en.wikipedia.org/Fall__or,_Dodge_in_Hell/article.txt @@ -0,0 +1,173 @@ +{{short description|Speculative fiction novel by Neal Stephenson}} +{{Infobox book +| italic title = +| name = Fall; or, Dodge in Hell +| image = Stephenson Fall cover.png +| image_size = +| border = +| alt = +| caption = Cover of the hardcover first edition +| author = [[Neal Stephenson]] +| audio_read_by = Malcolm Hillgartner +| title_orig = +| orig_lang_code = +| title_working = +| translator = +| illustrator = Nick Springer / Springer Cartographics LLC +| cover_artist = Fritz Metsch +| country = +| language = English +| series = +| release_number = +| subject = +| genre = [[Science fiction]] +| set_in = +| publisher = [[William Morrow and Company|William Morrow]] an imprint of [[HarperCollins]] +| publisher2 = +| pub_date = June 4, 2019 +| english_pub_date = +| published = +| media_type = Print (hardcover) +| pages = 883 +| awards = +| isbn = 978-0-06-245871-1 +| isbn_note = +| oclc = 1085577389 +| dewey = +| congress = PS3569.T3868 F35 2019 +| preceded_by = [[Reamde]] +| followed_by = +| native_wikisource = +| wikisource = +| notes = +| exclude_cover = +| website = +}} + +'''''Fall; or, Dodge in Hell''''' is a 2019 [[speculative fiction]] novel by American author [[Neal Stephenson]]. The book explores [[mind uploading]] to [[Cloud computing|the Cloud]] from the perspective of Richard "Dodge" Forthrast, a character introduced in Stephenson's 2011 ''[[Reamde]]''. + +==Plot summary== + +Billionaire Richard "Dodge" Forthrast is declared brain-dead after a routine medical procedure. Friends and family find his last will directs that his body be [[Cryonics|cryonically]] preserved for the purpose of future brain scanning and eventual revival. His wishes are fulfilled, his frozen brain destructively scanned, and his [[connectome]] saved in digital form. + +Several years pass in which portable [[augmented reality]] viewers become ubiquitous, social media echo chambers cause rural lawlessness, commercial [[quantum computing]] is feasible, and anonymous [[distributed ledger]] identification becomes popular in business. + +Dodge's grandniece Sophia animates the connectome as an experiment for her senior thesis at [[Princeton University]] on secure [[distributed computing]]. The connectome remembers nearly nothing but builds a virtual world with physical laws similar to what it does remember. Wealthy anonymous donors initially fund the datacenters running the world. Brain scanning gains general popularity after [[traffic analysis]] shows that virtual minds are achieving an afterlife in a medieval fantasy setting. However, all downloaded minds suffer extreme amnesia. + +An amnesiac Dodge calling himself Egdod founds a society. He is usurped by El, a terminally and mentally ill billionaire funding the computing process who believes Dodge lacked imagination when constructing the world and consumes a disproportionate amount of computing power. El conquers the world and isolates Dodge with the power of his mind augmented by his own private data centers. El subjugates the virtual population with a religion centered upon worship of himself. Sophia, murdered by El, enters the world to assist Dodge in disrupting El's power. She and several other characters embark on an epic quest, by means of which Stephenson is able to describe many aspects of this medieval fantasy world and the beliefs that El has instilled amongst its peoples. In the end Dodge and El have one final confrontation to determine whose vision for this virtual world prevails. + +==Philosophical and scientific content and influences== + +When attempting to explain why the virtual world created by connectomes of brain scans resembles the physical world so much, character Corvallis Kawasaki cites a claim by philosopher [[Immanuel Kant]] that the human mind cannot make sense of anything without a space-time lattice. + +Stephenson indicates ''Fall'' is indebted to [[David Deutsch]]'s ''[[The Fabric of Reality]]'', as well as [[John Milton]]'s ''[[Paradise Lost]]''. + +==References== +{{reflist|refs= + +{{cite web + |author = + |title = Fall; or, Dodge in Hell + |date = March 17, 2019 + |url = https://www.kirkusreviews.com/book-reviews/neal-stephenson/fall-or-dodge-in-hell/ + |access-date = 2019-07-12 + |publisher = [[Kirkus Reviews]] + |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190711143913/https://www.kirkusreviews.com/book-reviews/neal-stephenson/fall-or-dodge-in-hell/ + |archive-date = July 11, 2019 + |url-status = live +}} + +{{cite news + |last = Sheehan + |first = Jason + |publisher = [[NPR]] + |title = Sometimes Fascinating, Sometimes Excruciating, 'Fall' Hums With Energy + |date = June 4, 2019 + |url = https://www.npr.org/2019/06/04/726709657/sometimes-fascinating-sometimes-excruciating-fall-hums-with-energy + |access-date = 2019-07-12 + |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190711174524/https://www.npr.org/2019/06/04/726709657/sometimes-fascinating-sometimes-excruciating-fall-hums-with-energy + |archive-date = July 11, 2019 + |url-status = live +}} + +{{cite web + |work = [[Publishers Weekly]] + |title = Fall; Or, Dodge in Hell + |date = + |url = https://www.publishersweekly.com/978-0-06-245871-1 + |access-date = 2019-07-12 + |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190606042133/https://www.publishersweekly.com/978-0-06-245871-1 + |archive-date = 2019-06-06 + |url-status = live +}} + +{{cite web + |last = Miller + |first = Laura + |title = The Mind-Body Solution – Neal Stephenson's ''Fall'' explores higher consciousness, the internet's future, and virtual worldbuilding in one mind-blowing adventure. + |date = 2019-06-03 + |publisher = [[Slate.com]] + |url = https://slate.com/culture/2019/06/neal-stephenson-fall-book-review-dodge-in-hell.html + |access-date = 2019-07-12 + |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190712073039/https://slate.com/culture/2019/06/neal-stephenson-fall-book-review-dodge-in-hell.html + |archive-date = 2019-07-12 + |url-status = live +}} + +{{cite journal + |last = McEuen + |first = Paul + |journal = [[Nature (journal)|Nature]] + |volume = 570 + |issue = 7759 + |pages = 33–34 + |doi = 10.1038/d41586-019-01733-2 + |title = Frozen heads and virtual heavens: sci-fi legend Neal Stephenson rides again – Heaven is in the Cloud in this new tome. + |date = 2019-06-04 + |doi-access= free + }} + +{{cite book +| title = Fall; or, Dodge in Hell +| last = Stephenson +| first = Neal +| chapter = 33 +| pages = 404 +| date = 2019 +| location = New York, N.Y. +| publisher = [[William Morrow and Company|William Morrow]], an imprint of [[HarperCollins]] +| isbn = 978-0-06-245871-1 +| oclc = 1085577389 +| author-link = Neal Stephenson +| quote = "Oh, years and years ago I had a conversation with Dodge about Kant. Whom he had never heard of until that point. It was about Kant's idea that space and time were ineluctable to the human mind—that we simply could not think without hanging everything on a space-time lattice. That any attempt to think outside that framework would produce gibberish." +}} + +{{cite book +| title = Fall; or, Dodge in Hell +| last = Stephenson +| first = Neal +| section = Acknowledgements +| date = 2019 +| location = New York, N.Y. +| publisher = [[William Morrow and Company|William Morrow]], an imprint of [[HarperCollins]] +| isbn = 978-0-06-245871-1 +| oclc = 1085577389 +| author-link = Neal Stephenson +| quote = "Anyone who has read David Deutsch's The Fabric of Reality will notice that Fall owes an intellectual debt to it. Anyone who hasn't but who found Fall interesting, is urged to do so." +}} + +}} + +==Further reading== +* {{cite journal |title='Nonexistence Seems Preferable': Post-Truth, Feed Identity, and the NPC Afterlife in Neal Stephenson's 'Fall; or, Dodge in Hell' |first=Jonathan P. |last=Lewis|date=July 7, 2019 |journal=[[Los Angeles Review of Books]] |url=https://lareviewofbooks.org/article/nonexistence-seems-preferable-post-truth-feed-identity-and-the-npc-afterlife-in-neal-stephensons-fall-or-dodge-in-hell/}} + +{{Neal Stephenson}} + +[[Category:2019 American novels]] +[[Category:American science fiction novels]] +[[Category:Cryonics in fiction]] +[[Category:Novels by Neal Stephenson]] +[[Category:Transhumanist books]] + + +{{sf-novel-stub}} diff --git a/en.wikipedia.org/Farmington,_New_Mexico/article.txt b/en.wikipedia.org/Farmington,_New_Mexico/article.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..39a95dd --- /dev/null +++ b/en.wikipedia.org/Farmington,_New_Mexico/article.txt @@ -0,0 +1,254 @@ +{{Use mdy dates|date=April 2012}} +{{Infobox settlement +|name = Farmington, New Mexico +|settlement_type = City +|nickname = Baseball Town, U.S.A +|motto = +|image_skyline = Farmington New Mexico Civic Center.jpg +|imagesize = 250px +|image_caption = Farmington Civic Center +|image_flag = +|image_seal = Farmington NM seal.jpg +|image_map = San_Juan_County_New_Mexico_Incorporated_and_Unincorporated_areas_Farmington_Highlighted.svg +|mapsize = 250px +|map_caption = Location of Farmington in [[New Mexico]] +|image_map1 = +|mapsize1 = +|map_caption1 = +| pushpin_map = New Mexico#USA +| pushpin_map_caption = Location within New Mexico##Location within the United States +| pushpin_label = Farmington +| pushpin_relief = 1 +|subdivision_type = Country +|subdivision_type1 = [[U.S. state|State]] +|subdivision_type2 = [[List of counties in New Mexico|County]] +|subdivision_name = United States +|subdivision_name1 = [[New Mexico]] +|subdivision_name2 = [[San Juan County, New Mexico|San Juan]] +|government_type = +|leader_title = Mayor +|leader_name = Nathan Duckett +|established_title = Founded +|established_date = 1901 +|area_magnitude = 1 E7 +|area_total_sq_mi = 34.95 +|area_total_km2 = 90.51 +|area_land_sq_mi = 34.46 +|area_land_km2 = 89.25 +|area_water_sq_mi = 0.49 +|area_water_km2 = 1.26 +|population_as_of = [[2010 United States Census|2010]] +|population_total = 45877 +|population_footnotes = {{cite web |title=American FactFinder |url=https://www.census.gov/prod/www/decennial.html |publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]] |access-date=2014-12-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180720214521/https://www.census.gov/prod/www/decennial.html |archive-date=July 20, 2018 |url-status=dead }} +|pop_est_as_of = 2019 +|population_est = 44372 +|pop_est_footnotes = +|population_metro = +|population_density_km2 = 497.15 +|population_density_sq_mi = 1287.60 +|timezone = [[Mountain Time Zone]] +| utc_offset = −7 +|timezone_DST = [[Mountain Daylight Time]] +| utc_offset_DST = −6 +|coordinates = {{coord|36|45|6|N|108|11|23|W|region:US-NM_type:city|display=inline,title}} +|elevation_m = 1644 +|elevation_ft = 5395 +|postal_code_type = [[ZIP code]]s +|postal_code = 87401, 87402, 87499 +|area_code = [[Area code 505|505]] +|blank_name = [[Federal Information Processing Standard|FIPS code]] +|blank_info = 35-25800 +|blank1_name = [[Geographic Names Information System|GNIS]] feature ID +|blank1_info = 0902246 +|footnotes = +|website = [http://www.fmtn.org/ www.fmtn.org] +|unit_pref = Imperial +|area_footnotes = {{cite web|title=2019 U.S. Gazetteer Files|url=https://www2.census.gov/geo/docs/maps-data/data/gazetteer/2019_Gazetteer/2019_gaz_place_35.txt|publisher=United States Census Bureau|access-date=July 27, 2020}} +}} + +'''Farmington''' ({{IPAc-en|audio=En-us-farmington new mexico.ogg|ˈ|f|ɑɹ|m|ɪ|ŋ|t|ʌ|n}}) is a city in [[San Juan County, New Mexico|San Juan County]] in the U.S. state of [[New Mexico]]. As of the [[2010 United States Census|2010 census]] the city had a total population of 45,877 people. Farmington (and surrounding San Juan County) makes up one of the four Metropolitan Statistical Areas (MSAs) in New Mexico. The [[U.S. Census Bureau]]'s population estimate in 2019 for Farmington was 44,372.{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/popest/data/tables.2019.html|title=Population and Housing Unit Estimates|access-date=May 21, 2020}} + +Farmington is located at the junction of the [[San Juan River (Colorado River)|San Juan River]], the [[Animas River]], and the La Plata River, and is located on the [[Colorado Plateau]]. Farmington is the largest city of San Juan County, one of the geographically largest counties in the United States covering {{convert|5538|sqmi}}. The [[county seat]] and the other city in San Juan County is [[Aztec, New Mexico|Aztec]]. Farmington serves as the commercial hub for most of northwestern New Mexico and the [[Four Corners]] region of four states. Farmington lies at or near the junction of three important highways: [[U.S. Highway 550]], [[U.S. Highway 64]], and New Mexico Highway 371. + +It is on the [[Trail of the Ancients Scenic Byway (New Mexico)|Trails of the Ancients Byway]], one of the designated [[New Mexico Scenic Byways]].[http://www.newmexico.org/trail-of-the-ancients/ Trail of the Ancients.] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140821002106/http://www.newmexico.org/trail-of-the-ancients/ |date=August 21, 2014 }} New Mexico Tourism Department. Retrieved August 14, 2014. + +The primary industries of San Juan County are the production of petroleum, natural gas, and coal. Major coal mines are the Navajo and San Juan mines, operated by BHP Billiton {{convert|15|to|19|mi|km}} southwest of Farmington. The coal mined from the Navajo and San Juan mines is used entirely for fuel for the nearby [[Four Corners Generating Station]] and [[San Juan Generating Station]] to produce [[electric power]]. + +==History== +The area that is now Farmington was settled by [[Ancestral Pueblo people]] in the 7th Century. Ruins can be visited at nearby [[Salmon Ruins]] and at [[Aztec Ruins National Monument|Aztec Ruins]].{{cite web|last=Smith|first=Claudia|title=Farmington|url=http://www.newmexicohistory.org/filedetails.php?fileID=1317|publisher=New Mexico Office of the State Historian|access-date=2012-08-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130812041910/http://www.newmexicohistory.org/filedetails.php?fileID=1317|archive-date=August 12, 2013|url-status=dead}} When the Ancestral Puebloans left the area, the [[Navajo people|Navajos]], [[Jicarilla Apache]]s, and [[Ute people|Utes]] moved into the area. A key part of the region was known in Navajo as ''Tóta''' which means "where three rivers meet".{{cite book|last=Hudnall|first=Ken|title=Spritis of the Border IV: The History and Mystery of New Mexico|year=2005|publisher=Omega Press|location=El Paso|author2=Hudnall, Sharon}} + +Although Spanish and American mineral prospecting happened in the area, there were few permanent settlements. In 1868, the [[Navajo Nation]] was created, taking up the western half of [[San Juan County, New Mexico|San Juan County]]. Six years later, the U.S. government offered territory in the rest of San Juan County to the [[Jicarilla Apache]] but they refused. As a result, the area was opened for settlement and a number of settlers moved into the region from Southern Colorado. The area was originally known as "Junction City" because of the access to the three rivers. + +In 1901 the town was incorporated and named Farmington with a population of 548. By September 19, 1905, the railroad was finished connecting Farmington to [[Durango, Colorado]], expanding economic and settlement opportunities. It was unusual in that it was a standard gauge railroad that connected to the Denver & Rio Grande Western narrow gauge lines of southwestern Colorado. The railroad converted the line to narrow gauge in 1923. The line was abandoned in 1968 and the line was dismantled to Durango in 1969.{{cite web|url=http://www.actionroad.net/DRGW-Relics/DRGW-Relics-FMN.htm|title=Farmington Branch|website=www.actionroad.net|access-date=April 5, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170703041116/http://www.actionroad.net/DRGW-Relics/DRGW-Relics-FMN.htm|archive-date=July 3, 2017|url-status=dead}} In addition, in the 1920s there was significant investment in natural gas and oil in the area, although actual production remained low until the 1950s. With construction of a developed road connecting Farmington to [[U.S. Route 66]] and [[Albuquerque, New Mexico|Albuquerque]] in the 1940s and the construction of the San Juan Basin Natural Gas Pipeline in 1953 – a venture led by [[Tom Bolack]] – the population expanded significantly. It grew from 3,637 in 1950 to 35,000 in 1953 and the expansion continued after that. However, the significant connection to the energy industry made the economics of the town largely vulnerable to international market fluctuations during the [[1970s energy crisis]] and resulted in some economic diversification. + +In 1967, as part of a joint U.S. Government-[[El Paso Electric]] operation, an underground nuclear detonation occurred {{convert|50|mi}} east of Farmington and about {{convert|25|mi}} south of [[Dulce, New Mexico]] in present-day [[Carson National Forest]]. This pilot project of [[Operation Plowshare]], code-named [[Project Gasbuggy]], was an attempt to fracture a large volume of underground bedrock to make more natural gas available for extraction by gas wells.{{cite book|last=Szasz|first=Ferenc M.|title=Larger than Life: New Mexico in the Twentieth Century|year=2006|publisher=University of New Mexico Press|location=Albuquerque, NM|page=156}} + +The people of Farmington have been the subject of several [[civil rights]] investigations, including the 2005 report, ''The Farmington Report: Civil Rights for Native Americans 30 Years Later''.{{cite web|url=http://www.usccr.gov/pubs/122705_FarmingtonReport.pdf |title=Report |website=www.usccr.gov |format=PDF |access-date=2019-07-20}} + +On March 18, 1950, Farmington was the site of a mass [[UFO sighting]] in which over half the town's population was reported to have seen large saucers in the sky flying at rapid speeds. + +==Geography== +According to the U.S. Census Bureau, Farmington has a total area of {{convert|32.0|sqmi}}, of which {{convert|31.5|sqmi}} is land and {{convert|0.5|sqmi}} is water. + +The [[Navajo Nation]] is west of Farmington, the [[Ute Mountain Indian Reservation]] is to the northwest, and the [[Southern Ute Indian Reservation]] is northeast of the city. Prehistoric [[Indigenous peoples of the Americas|Native American]] ruins are located nearby. [[Aztec Ruins National Monument]] and the [[Salmon Ruins]] are ancient dwellings located just to the northeast and the east of Farmington. [[Mesa Verde National Park]] lies about {{convert|40|mi}} to the northwest, and [[Chaco Culture National Historical Park]] is about {{convert|50|mi}} to the southeast. + +===Climate=== +Farmington has a [[semi-arid climate]].{{cite web|url=http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-AnOY3bX30oI/TZvUMicLbUI/AAAAAAAAABg/J5l2PgBA2Cc/s1600/climatemapusa2yv3.png |title=Photo |website=1.bp.blogspot.com |format=PNG |access-date=2019-07-20}} The city can experience hot summers and cold winters with low precipitation throughout the year. The average annual snowfall is {{convert|12.3|in|m}}.{{cite web|title=Welcome to Farmington, New Mexico|url=http://www.gofarmington.com/|publisher=Farmington Chamber of Commerce|access-date=2012-09-24}} + +{{Weather box +|location = Farmington, New Mexico|width=auto +|single line = Y +|Jan high F = 41 +|Feb high F = 47 +|Mar high F = 56 +|Apr high F = 65 +|May high F = 75 +|Jun high F = 85 +|Jul high F = 90 +|Aug high F = 87 +|Sep high F = 79 +|Oct high F = 66 +|Nov high F = 52 +|Dec high F = 41 +|Jan low F = 20 +|Feb low F = 25 +|Mar low F = 30 +|Apr low F = 36 +|May low F = 46 +|Jun low F = 55 +|Jul low F = 61 +|Aug low F = 60 +|Sep low F = 52 +|Oct low F = 40 +|Nov low F = 29 +|Dec low F = 21 +|Jan precipitation inch = 0.53 +|Feb precipitation inch = 0.61 +|Mar precipitation inch = 0.78 +|Apr precipitation inch = 0.65 +|May precipitation inch = 0.54 +|Jun precipitation inch = 0.21 +|Jul precipitation inch = 0.90 +|Aug precipitation inch = 1.26 +|Sep precipitation inch = 1.04 +|Oct precipitation inch = 0.91 +|Nov precipitation inch = 0.68 +|Dec precipitation inch = 0.50 +|source 1 = The Weather Channel{{cite web +| title = Average Weather for Farmington, NM – Temperature and Precipitation +| url = http://www.weather.com/weather/wxclimatology/monthly/graph/USNM0109 + | access-date = August 16, 2012}} +|date=August 2012 +}} + +==Demographics== +{{US Census population +|1910= 785 +|1920= 728 +|1930= 1350 +|1940= 2161 +|1950= 3637 +|1960= 23786 +|1970= 21979 +|1980= 31222 +|1990= 33997 +|2000= 37844 +|2010= 45877 +|estyear=2019 +|estimate=44372 +|estref={{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/popest/data/tables.2019.html|date=May 24, 2020|title=Population and Housing Unit Estimates|publisher=United States Census Bureau|access-date=May 27, 2020}} +|footnote=U.S. Decennial Census{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/prod/www/decennial.html|title=Census of Population and Housing|publisher=Census.gov|access-date=June 4, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180720214521/https://www.census.gov/prod/www/decennial.html|archive-date=July 20, 2018|url-status=dead}} +}} +As of the census{{cite web|url=http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/35/3525800.html|title=Farmington (city) QuickFacts|website=census.gov|access-date=April 5, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160219004158/http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/35/3525800.html|archive-date=February 19, 2016|url-status=dead}} of 2010, there were 45,895 people and 17,548 housing units in Farmington. The racial makeup of the city was 62.8% [[White (U.S. Census)|White]] (including 52.4% White non-Hispanic), 1.0% [[African American (U.S. Census)|African American]], 22.2% [[Native American (U.S. Census)|Native American]], 0.6% [[Asian (U.S. Census)|Asian]], 0.1% [[Pacific Islander (U.S. Census)|Pacific Islander]], and 4.2% from two or more races. [[Hispanic (U.S. Census)|Hispanic]] or [[Latino (U.S. Census)|Latino]] of any race were 22.4% of the population. + +There were 16,466 households, out of which 33.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 49% were married couples living together, 13.6% had a female householder with no husband present, and 30.1% were non-families. 21.7% of all households were made up of individuals, and 8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.7 and the average family size was 3.19. + +[[File:A.F. Miller store, Farmington 1885.jpg|thumb|A.F. Miller store and home, Farmington, circa 1885, the first store in Farmington.]] + +==Arts and culture== +Farmington has been the home of the [[Connie Mack World Series]] baseball tournament, played in August every year at Ricketts Park (capacity 5,072), for 50 years. Connie Mack league regular season play includes players age 16 to 18. The Connie Mack World Series consists of 10 or more teams from various regions around the United States, including from Puerto Rico.{{cite web|url=http://www.cmws.org/history.htm|title=History|publisher=Connie Mack World Series|work=official site|access-date=December 9, 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100915131254/http://www.cmws.org/history.htm|archive-date=September 15, 2010|url-status=dead}} + +San Juan Plaza in Farmington is home to an annual [[strongman (strength athlete)|strongman]] competition, which takes place the last Saturday of July. + +Farmington holds a riverfest once a year. Area rivers are celebrated with a festival of music, fine arts, food, entertainment, a 10K and 5K run and walk, riverside trail walks, and river raft rides. + +Piñon Hills Golf Course, designed by Ken Dye, in Farmington is one of the United States' Top Municipal Golf Courses. Owned and operated by the City of Farmington, Pinon Hills has been ranked in the Top Municipal Golf Courses by Golfweek Magazine for several years.{{cite web|title=Best Municipal Courses 2011|url=http://golfweek.com/news/2012/may/24/golfweeks-best-municipal-courses-2011-12/|publisher=Golfweek|access-date=September 1, 2012}} + +Fishing, fly and reel, is a very popular activity in Farmington. Fishing is permitted on the San Juan River, [[Navajo Lake]], Lake Farmington, Morgan Lake, the Animas River, Jackson Lake and Cutter Dam. + +==Education== +The [[Farmington Municipal School District]] serves over 10,000 students in grades K-12 in 20 schools. The high schools are [[Farmington High School (New Mexico)|Farmington High School]], [[Piedra Vista High School]], [[Rocinante High School]], and San Juan College High School. There are three middle schools, Heights, Hermosa, and Tibbetts.{{Cite web|url=https://district.fms.k12.nm.us/|title=Farmington Municipal Schools|website=district.fms.k12.nm.us|access-date=2020-04-16}} There are six private schools. +{{cite web + |url=http://www.gofarmington.com/community_resources/schools.htm + |title=Schools in Farmington New Mexico + |access-date=May 18, 2008 + |publisher=Farmington Chamber of Commerce + |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080313090701/http://www.gofarmington.com/community_resources/schools.htm + |archive-date=March 13, 2008 + |url-status=dead + |df=mdy +}} + + +[[San Juan College]] is a public two-year college with average enrollment of about 10,000.{{cite book +|title= San Juan College Fact Book 2007 +|url= http://www.sjc.cc.nm.us/documents/AboutSJC/Fact%20Book%202007.pdf +|format= PDF +|access-date= May 18, 2008 +|publisher= San Juan College Office of Institutional Research +|location= Farmington, NM +|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20110719083610/http://www.sjc.cc.nm.us/documents/AboutSJC/Fact%20Book%202007.pdf +|archive-date= July 19, 2011 +|url-status= dead +}}{{Rp|2–2}} + +[[Farmington Public Library]] moved into a new building in 2003 and holds about 200,000 items in its collection. There was a branch library in [[Shiprock, New Mexico|Shiprock]] that is currently closed. + +==Infrastructure== +===Transportation=== +====Air==== +* Farmington is served by [[Four Corners Regional Airport]]. + +====Highways==== +*[[U.S. Route 64 in New Mexico|U.S. Highway 64]], the major east-west highway through San Juan County +*[[U.S. Route 550#New Mexico|U.S. Highway 550]] runs through nearby [[Bloomfield, New Mexico|Bloomfield]] and [[Aztec, New Mexico|Aztec]], connects Farmington with central New Mexico, [[Interstate 25 in New Mexico|Interstate 25]], Albuquerque, and (via I-25) the capital city of [[Santa Fe, New Mexico|Santa Fe]]. +*[[U.S. Route 491#New Mexico|U.S. Highway 491]], formerly U.S. 666, runs north-south through Shiprock, well to the west of Farmington. +*New Mexico Highway 516 connects Farmington with [[U.S. Highway 550]] in Aztec. +*New Mexico Highway 371 extends due southward from Farmington all the way to [[Interstate 40 in New Mexico|Interstate 40]]. It passes almost exclusively through the Navajo Indian reservation, and passes through only a few small towns or villages (such as [[Crownpoint, New Mexico|Crownpoint]] and [[Thoreau, New Mexico|Thoreau]]). It is also the primary means of accessing the [[Bisti/De-Na-Zin Wilderness]] area. + +====Intercity bus==== +*There is intercity bus service in Farmington, The Red Apple Transit. +*[[North Central Regional Transit District]] provides bus service from [[Chama, New Mexico|Chama]] and [[Dulce, New Mexico|Dulce]]. +*The [[Navajo Transit System]] provides regional bus service in the [[Navajo Nation]]. Farmington is served by Route 07a from [[Newcomb, New Mexico|Newcomb, NM]] to [[Fort Defiance, Arizona|Fort Defiance, AZ]] and Route 07b from Newcomb, NM to [[Shiprock, New Mexico|Shiprock, NM]].{{Cite web|title=Navajo Transit System - Home|url=https://www.navajotransit.com/|access-date=2020-11-08|website=www.navajotransit.com}} + +==Notable people== +* [[Tom Bolack]] (1918–1998), Governor and Lieutenant Governor of New Mexico; Mayor of Farmington; oilman; rancher +* [[Mike Dunn (baseball)|Mike Dunn]] (born 1985), athlete, [[Major League Baseball]] [[pitcher]] for the [[Colorado Rockies]] and the [[Miami Marlins]] +* [[Larry Echo Hawk]] (born 1948), former [[Idaho Attorney General|Attorney General of Idaho]] and 10th [[Bureau of Indian Affairs|Assistant Secretary of the Interior for Indian Affairs]] +* [[Charly Martin]] (born 1984), [[NFL]] player +* [[Ralph Neely]] (born 1943), [[National Football League|NFL]] offensive lineman for [[Dallas Cowboys]] +* [[Alana Nichols]] (born 1983), Paralympic gold medalist in [[Paralympic alpine skiing|alpine skiing]] and [[wheelchair basketball]] +* [[Onry Ozzborn]] (born 1979), rapper and founding member of [[Grayskul]] +* [[Chevel Shepherd]] (born 2002), singer and winner of the [[The Voice (U.S. season 15)|15th season]] of [[The Voice (U.S. TV series)|''The Voice'']] +* [[Sleep (rapper)|Sleep]] (born 1976), rapper and member of [[The Chicharones]] +* [[Duane Ward]] (born 1964), athlete, [[Major League Baseball|MLB]] pitcher for [[Toronto Blue Jays]] and [[Atlanta Braves]] +* [[Kenneth L. Worley]] (1948–1968), U.S. Marine who received the [[Medal of Honor]] + +==References== +{{Reflist|30em}} + +==External links== +{{Commons category}} +{{Wikivoyage|Farmington (New Mexico)}} +* [http://www.fmtn.org/ Official Website of the City of Farmington] +* [http://www.gofarmington.com/ Farmington Chamber of Commerce] +* [http://www.farmingtonnm.org/ Farmington Convention & Visitors Bureau] + +{{San Juan County, New Mexico}} +{{New Mexico}} + +{{authority control}} + +[[Category:Farmington, New Mexico| ]] +[[Category:Cities in New Mexico]] +[[Category:Cities in San Juan County, New Mexico]] diff --git a/en.wikipedia.org/Farmington_High_School_(New_Mexico)/article.txt b/en.wikipedia.org/Farmington_High_School_(New_Mexico)/article.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..d0f3169 --- /dev/null +++ b/en.wikipedia.org/Farmington_High_School_(New_Mexico)/article.txt @@ -0,0 +1,139 @@ +{{Infobox school +|name=Farmington High School +|image=Farmington High School in Farmington, NM, USA, in November 2018, entrance.jpg +|image_size = +|motto= ''Feel the Sting!'' +|streetaddress= 2200 Sunset Avenue +|city=[[Farmington, New Mexico]] +|zipcode= 87401 +|country= USA +|url={{url|http://www.fms.k12.nm.us/fhs/home/scorpion.html}} +|school_number= +|grades = 9-12 +|principal = Timothy Kienitz +|fundingtype= [[state school|Public]] +|schooltype=[[High school#United States|High School]] +|locale=City: Small (13){{cite web|url=https://nces.ed.gov/programs/edge/docs/LOCALE_CLASSIFICATIONS.pdf|title=NCES Locale Classifications and Criteria|publisher=National Center for Education Statistics|access-date=2019-12-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170427111221/https://nces.ed.gov/programs/edge/docs/LOCALE_CLASSIFICATIONS.pdf|archive-date=2017-04-27|url-status=live}} +|team_name=Scorpions +|athletics= 13 sports +|athletics_conference= [[NMAA]]
AAAA District 1 +|colors={{Color box|#006633|border=darkgray}} {{Color box|Black|border=darkgray}} {{Color box|White|border=darkgray}}
Kelly Green, Black, & White +| newspaper = +| yearbook = +| founded= +| class= +| enrollment = 1,336 (2017–18){{cite web|url=https://nces.ed.gov/ccd/schoolsearch/school_detail.asp?Search=1&DistrictID=3500990&ID=350099000284|title=FARMINGTON HIGH|publisher=National Center for Education Statistics|accessdate=2019-12-09}} +|bgcolor_label= +|bgcolor_address= +|bgcolor_header= +| us_nces_school_id = {{NCES School ID|350099000284|school_name=Farmington High|access_date=2018-11-28}} +}} + +'''Farmington High School''' ('''FHS''') is a public high school in [[Farmington, New Mexico|Farmington]], [[New Mexico]] ([[United States|USA]]). It is part of the [[Farmington Municipal School District]]. + +FHS is one of two high schools in Farmington. It serves students in grades 9 through 12 who reside on the west side of the city along NM 170 and NM 371. The second high school in Farmington is [[Piedra Vista High School]], which is located on the east side of the city. + +== Athletics == + +'''State Championships''' +{| class="wikitable" +|- +! Sport +! Year +|- +| Baseball +| 1969, 1970, 1984, 1986, 1991,
1994, 1995, 2001, 2002, 2005,
2006, 2007, 2008, 2018 +|- +| Basketball (Boys) +| 1982, 1986 +|- +| Basketball (Girls) +| 1979, 2002 +|- +| Cheerleading +| 1984, 2001 +|- +| Cross Country (Girls) +| 1991 +|- +| Dance/Drill Team +| 1993, 1994, 2001, 2002, 2003,
2004, 2010 +|- +| Football +| 1952, 2013 +|- +| Golf (Boys) +| 1985, 1995, 1999 +|- +| Gymnastics (Boys) +| 1969 +|- +| Soccer (Boys) +| 2009, 2011 +|- +| Softball +| 1994, 1995, 1997, 1998, 2000,
2002, 2003, 2004 +|- +| Swimming (Boys) +| 1998 +|- +| Swimming (Girls) +| 1971 +|- +| Tennis (Girls) +| 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012, 2014,
2015 +|- +| Track & Field (Boys) +| 2014 +|- +| Track & Field (Girls) +| 2004 +|- +| Wrestling +| 1985, 1992, 1993, 2001, 2003 +|} + +== Notable alumni == +* [[Bob Breitenstein (offensive lineman)|Bob Breitenstein]] – former offensive lineman. First Argentine player in the NFL{{Citation needed|date=June 2019}} +* [[Ralph Neely]] – [[Dallas Cowboys]], [[NFL 1960s All-Decade Team]].{{cite web + |url=http://www.databasefootball.com/players/playerpage.htm?ilkid=NEELYRAL01 + |title=Ralph Neely + |publisher=databaseFootball.com + |accessdate=December 21, 2012 + |url-status=dead + |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121008223659/http://www.databasefootball.com/players/playerpage.htm?ilkid=NEELYRAL01 + |archivedate=October 8, 2012 +}} +* [[Duane Ward]] – [[Toronto Blue Jays]], 2 time [[World Series]] Champion, MLB all-star, MLB saves champion.{{cite web|url=http://www.baseball-almanac.com/players/player.php?p=warddu01|title = Duane Ward Stats| publisher=Baseball Almanac |accessdate= December 21, 2012}} +* [[Joey Villasenor]] – professional [[mixed martial artist]]{{cite web|title=Joey Villasenor MMA Bio|url=http://www.sherdog.com/fighter/Joey-Villasenor-528|accessdate=2014-01-01}} + +== References == +{{reflist|refs= + +{{cite web +| url = https://www.tulsaworld.com/archives/bill-connors/article_d12daf39-b455-584a-a047-1c28921e3479.html +| title = Bill Connors +| publisher = Tulsa World +| accessdate = April 17, 2016 +| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20181128065446/https://www.tulsaworld.com/archives/bill-connors/article_d12daf39-b455-584a-a047-1c28921e3479.html +| archive-date = November 28, 2018 +| url-status = live +}} + +}} + +== External links == +* [http://district.fms.k12.nm.us/ Farmington Municipal Schools] + +{{NNAA 5A}} + +{{coord|36|45|00|N|108|12|16|W|display=title}} + + +{{authority control}} + +[[Category:Public high schools in New Mexico]] +[[Category:Schools in San Juan County, New Mexico]] + + +{{NewMexico-school-stub|class=Stub}} diff --git a/en.wikipedia.org/Frank_Chee_Willeto/article.txt b/en.wikipedia.org/Frank_Chee_Willeto/article.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..27aa650 --- /dev/null +++ b/en.wikipedia.org/Frank_Chee_Willeto/article.txt @@ -0,0 +1,156 @@ +{{Infobox officeholder +| name = Frank Chee Willeto +| image = +| imagesize = +| order = 4th +| office = Vice President of the Navajo Nation +| term_start = August 1998 +| term_end = January 12, 1999 +| president = [[Milton Bluehouse, Sr.]] +| predecessor = [[Milton Bluehouse, Sr.]] +| successor = [[Taylor McKenzie]] +| birth_date = {{birth date|1925|06|06}} +| birth_place = [[Crownpoint, New Mexico|Crownpoint]], [[New Mexico]] +| death_date = {{death date and age|2012|06|23|1925|06|06}} +| death_place = [[Pueblo Pintado, New Mexico]] +| nationality = {{flag|Navajo Nation}} and
{{flag|USA}} +| party = +| spouse = +| occupation = +| residence = +| religion = +}} + +'''Frank Chee Willeto''' (June 6, 1925 – June 23, 2012) was an [[Americans|American]] [[politician]] and [[Navajo language|Navajo]] [[code talker]] during [[World War II]]. Willeto served as the vice president of the [[Navajo Nation]] under [[President of the Navajo Nation|President]] [[Milton Bluehouse, Sr.]] from his appointment in August 1998 until January 1999, when the [[Kelsey Begaye|Begaye administration]] took office. + +==Early life== +Willeto was born in [[Crownpoint, New Mexico]], on June 6, 1925. According to the ''[[Navajo Times]]'', Willeto was "Bit'ahnii (Folded Arms Clan), born for Tódích'íi'nii (Bitter Water Clan). His chei [mother's grandfather] was Ta'neeszahnii (Tangle Clan) and his nálí (paternal family) was Naakai dine'é (Mexican People Clan)." + +==Code talker== +He enlisted in the [[U.S. Marine Corps]] in January 1944 during World War II. Willeto joined the [[6th Marine Division (United States)|6th Marine Division]], serving in the Pacific Theater in [[Saipan]] and [[Okinawa]] as a [[Navajo code talker]]. The code talkers’ role in the war was not disclosed until 1968, when documents on the talkers were declassified. Willeto and other surviving Navajo code talkers were awarded the [[Congressional Silver Medal]] in 2001. + +==Career== +He returned to the Navajo Nation following the end of World War II. He was employed in the roads department of the [[Bureau of Indian Affairs]] from 1946 until 1974. Willeto then joined the [[United States Department of Education]]. + +Willeto was elected to the [[Navajo Nation Council]] in 1974. He remained on the council until 1986, when he was elected as the president of the Pueblo Pintado Chapter. Willeto also served as a judge on the former Navajo Supreme Judicial Council, a precursor to the present-day [[Supreme Court of the Navajo Nation]]. + +On July 23, 1998, Navajo Nation President [[Thomas Atcitty]] was removed from office by the [[Navajo Nation Council]] for ethics violations. Atcitty was succeeded by [[Milton Bluehouse, Sr.]], Atcitty's vice president, as [[interim]] president one day later. Bluehouse appointed Willeto as vice president of the Navajo Nation in August 1998. Together, Bluehouse and Willeto ran as [[running mates]] for a full, four-year term in the November 1998 presidential election. [[Kelsey Begaye]] won the general election and was inaugurated on January 12, 1999. Willeto remained vice president within the Bluehouse administration until Begaye took office. + +==Later life== +He remained active in public life. Willeto was a proponent of the new [[Tsé Yi’ Gai High School]] in Pueblo Pintado and the construction of a new bridge between the high school and Navajo Route 9. + +Willeto was a frequent visitor to the eastern United States, especially [[Washington, D.C.]] In 2008, Willeto gave the blessing to mark the start of construction on the [[USS New Mexico (SSN-779)]] nuclear submarine in [[Newport News, Virginia]]. He was also invited to the [[White House]] to witness the signing of the [[Omnibus Public Land Management Act of 2009]] by [[U.S. President]] [[Barack Obama]]. Most recently, Willeto appeared as a panelist for the [[United States Senate Committee on Indian Affairs]]' "The Way of the Warrior: Native Americans' Commitment to Country, Community, and Communication" panel on November 16, 2011, as part of National American Indian and Alaska Native Heritage Month. + +Willeto died at his home in [[Pueblo Pintado, New Mexico]], on June 23, 2012, at the age of 87. [[Governor of New Mexico|New Mexico Governor]] [[Susana Martinez]] ordered [[Half-mast|flags to be flown at half-mast]] in Willeto's honor. [[President of the Navajo Nation|Navajo Nation President]] [[Ben Shelly]] also offered all Navajo flags to be flown at half staff from June 25 until June 28. His funeral was held at the Tseဴ Yi’ Gai High School in Pueblo Pintado. Willeto was buried at [[Santa Fe National Cemetery]] in [[Santa Fe, New Mexico]], June 29, 2012, at a ceremony attended by 150 people, including Governor Martinez. + +==References== +{{reflist|refs= + +{{cite news +| first = Charles D. +| last = Brunt +| title = Former Navajo Code Talker Willeto Dies +| url = http://www.abqjournal.com/main/2012/06/25/abqnewsseeker/former-navajo-code-talker-willeto-dies.html +| work = [[Albuquerque Journal]] +| publisher = +| date = 2012-06-25 +| access-date = 2012-07-11 +| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190612200547/https://www.abqjournal.com/114854/former-navajo-code-talker-willeto-dies.html +| archive-date = 2019-06-12 +| url-status=live +}} + +{{cite news +| first = Noel Lyn +| last = Smith +| title = A life of service, Navajo Code Talker Frank Chee Willetto is remembered by memorial speakers +| url = http://www.navajotimes.com/entertainment/2012/0712/070512wil.php +| work = [[Navajo Times]] +| publisher = +| date = 2012-07-05 +| access-date = 2012-07-11 +| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120712025031/http://navajotimes.com/entertainment/2012/0712/070512wil.php +| archive-date = 2012-07-12 +| url-status=live +}} + +{{cite news +| first = Milan +| last = Simonich +| title = Navajo Code Talker Willeto laid to rest +| url = http://www.demingheadlight.com/deming-news/ci_20991929/navajo-code-talker-willeto-laid-rest +| work = [[Texas-New Mexico Newspapers]] +| publisher = [[The Deming Headlight]] +| date = 2012-07-02 +| access-date = 2012-07-13 +| archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20140714140331/http://www.demingheadlight.com/deming-news/ci_20991929/navajo-code-talker-willeto-laid-rest +| archive-date =2014-07-14 +| url-status=dead +}} + + +{{cite news +| author = +| title = Funeral for Late Code Talker Frank Chee Willeto Set for Tomorrow +| url = http://www.nativenewsnetwork.com/funeral-for-late-code-talker-frank-chee-willeto-set-for-tomorrow.html +| work = [[Native News Network]] +| publisher = +| date = 2012-06-27 +| access-date = 2012-07-13 +| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20121109030109/http://www.nativenewsnetwork.com/funeral-for-late-code-talker-frank-chee-willeto-set-for-tomorrow.html +| archive-date = 2012-11-09 +| url-status=dead +}} + +{{cite news +| author = +| title = Navajo name new present – again; Bluehouse appointed +| url = https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=f6pPAAAAIBAJ&sjid=RVMDAAAAIBAJ&pg=4545,4176005&dq=kelsey+begaye&hl=en +| work = [[Associated Press]] +| publisher = [[Kingman Daily Miner]] +| date = 1998-07-26 +| access-date = 2012-07-09 +| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20151009064750/https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=f6pPAAAAIBAJ&sjid=RVMDAAAAIBAJ&pg=4545,4176005&dq=kelsey+begaye&hl=en +| archive-date = 2015-10-09 +| url-status=live +}} + +{{cite news +| author = +| title = Navajo leaders urge tribal youth to vote +| url = https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=SqAvAAAAIBAJ&sjid=ek0DAAAAIBAJ&pg=5883,3140636&dq=bluehouse+willeto+election&hl=en +| work = [[Associated Press]] +| publisher = [[The Daily Courier (Arizona)]] +| date = 1998-10-28 +| access-date = 2012-07-11 +}} + +}} + +==Further reading== +Frank Willeto +* [https://archive.today/20130630095201/http://talking-feather.com/2010/06/19/well-always-have-the-code-talkers/ ''Code Talkers' Stories Recorded in DC.''] Talking Feather. June 19, 2010. +* [http://nnwo.org/content/navajo-code-talker-frank-chee-willeto-join-scia-panel-way-warrior ''Navajo Code Talker Frank Chee Willeto to join SCIA Panel on Way of the Warrior.''] Navajo Nation Washington Office. November 16, 2011. +* [http://www.kob.com/article/stories/S2666542.shtml ''Navajo Code Talker Frank Chee Willeto Dies.''] KOB-TV. June 23, 2012. +* [http://indiancountrytodaymedianetwork.com/2012/06/26/navajo-code-talker-frank-chee-willeto-walks-on-120616 ''Navajo Code Talker Frank Chee Willeto Walk On''.] Indian Country Today Media Network. June 26, 2012. +* [https://web.archive.org/web/20120603085234/http://buffalopost.net/?tag=navajo-code-talkers ''Navajo Code Talkers honored with N.M. highway dedication.''] The Buffalo Post. +Code Talkers +* Aaseng, Nathan. ''Navajo Code Talkers: America’s Secret Weapon in World War II.'' New York: Walker & Company, 1992. +* Durrett, Deanne. ''Unsung Heroes of World War II: The Story of the Navajo Code Talkers.'' Library of American Indian History, Facts on File, Inc., 1998. +* McClain, Salley. ''Navajo Weapon: The Navajo Code Talkers.'' Tucson, Arizona: Rio Nuevo Publishers, 2001. + +==External links== +* [https://web.archive.org/web/20121112102655/http://www.navajocodetalkers.org/code_talker_story/ Official Site of the Navajo Code Talkers] + +{{Vice Presidents of the Navajo Nation}} +{{Native Americans and World War II}} + +{{DEFAULTSORT:Willeto, Frank Chee}} +[[Category:1925 births]] +[[Category:2012 deaths]] +[[Category:Navajo code talkers]] +[[Category:Native American politicians]] +[[Category:Vice Presidents of the Navajo Nation]] +[[Category:United States Marine Corps personnel of World War II]] +[[Category:People from McKinley County, New Mexico]] +[[Category:Military personnel from New Mexico]] diff --git a/en.wikipedia.org/Jonathan_Nez/article.txt b/en.wikipedia.org/Jonathan_Nez/article.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..13fbfe5 --- /dev/null +++ b/en.wikipedia.org/Jonathan_Nez/article.txt @@ -0,0 +1,117 @@ +{{Infobox officeholder +| name = Jonathan Nez +| image = Jonathan Nez - 2020.jpg +| caption = Nez in 2020 +| office = 9th [[President of the Navajo Nation]] +| vicepresident = [[Myron Lizer]] +| term_start = January 15, 2019 +| term_end = +| predecessor = [[Russell Begaye]] +| successor = +| office1 = 9th [[Vice President of the Navajo Nation]] +| president1 = [[Russell Begaye]] +| term_start1 = May 12, 2015 +| term_end1 = January 15, 2019 +| predecessor1 = [[Rex Lee Jim]] +| successor1 = [[Myron Lizer]] +| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1975|05|26}} +| birth_place = [[Tuba City, Arizona|Tuba City]], [[Arizona]], U.S. +| death_date = +| death_place = +| party = [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]] +| spouse = Phefelia Herbert +| education = [[Northland Pioneer College]]
[[Northern Arizona University]] ([[Bachelor of Science|BS]], [[Master of Public Administration|MPA]]) +}} +'''Jonathan Nez''' (born May 26, 1975{{Cite web|url=https://www.facebook.com/NezLizer2018/posts/2223500467915484|title=Navajo Nation President Jonathan Nez and Vice President Myron Lizer|website=www.facebook.com|language=en|access-date=2020-04-09}}{{Cite web|url=https://navajotimes.com/reznews/nez-youngest-ever/|title=Nez: Youngest ever|date=2018-11-08|website=Navajo Times|language=en-US|access-date=2020-04-09}}) is the 9th and current president of the [[Navajo Nation]]. He was elected [[President of the Navajo Nation]] on [[Navajo Nation presidential election, 2018|November 6, 2018]]. Before his election, Nez served as Vice President from 2015 until his inauguration in early January 2019. At 43 years of age, Nez is the youngest person to have ever been elected President of the Navajo Nation. + +== Life and career == +Nez was born in [[Tuba City, Arizona|Tuba City]], [[Arizona]],{{Cite web|url=https://www.opvp.navajo-nsn.gov/About-Us/President-Jonathan-Nez|title=President Jonathan Nez|website=www.opvp.navajo-nsn.gov|access-date=2020-04-09}} and attended [[Northland Pioneer College]] and [[Northern Arizona University]]. He attained both a [[Bachelor of Science|BS]] in [[Political science]] and a [[Master of Public Administration|Masters of Public Administration]] from NAU. + +Before being elected Vice President of the Navajo Nation, Nez served as vice president of the Shonto chapter, delegate to the [[Navajo Nation Council]] representing the [[Oljato–Monument Valley, Utah|Oljato]], Ts'ah Bii' Kin, [[Navajo Mountain (Chapter)|Navajo Mountain]], and [[Shonto, Arizona|Shonto]] chapters. He was sworn in to the office of Vice President of the Navajo Nation on May 12, 2015, and sworn in to office of President on January 15, 2019.{{Cite web|url=https://apnews.com/c67321942211477294a63ca4bf16f752|title=The Latest: Jonathan Nez sworn in as Navajo Nation president|date=2019-01-15|website=AP NEWS|access-date=2019-02-03}} + +Nez was selected as one of seventeen speakers to jointly deliver the [[keynote]] address at the [[2020 Democratic National Convention]].{{cite web |title=Democrats Unveil A New Kind of Convention Keynote |url=https://www.demconvention.com/press-releases/democrats-unveil-a-new-kind-of-convention-keynote/ |website=2020 Democratic National Convention |accessdate=16 August 2020 |date=16 August 2020}} + +He was one of the [[List of 2020 United States presidential electors|electors for Arizona in 2020 for the presidential election]].{{cite web |title=Arizona Certificate of Ascertainment |url=https://www.archives.gov/files/electoral-college/2020/ascertainment-arizona.pdf |publisher=National Archives |access-date=14 December 2020}} + +==References== +{{reflist|refs= + +{{cite web +| url = https://docs.house.gov/meetings/AP/AP06/20170516/105949/HHRG-115-AP06-Bio-NezJ-20170516.pdf +| title = Navajo Nation Vice President Jonathan M. Nez +| website = United States House of Representatives +| access-date = 2018-11-09 +| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170519062553/https://docs.house.gov/meetings/AP/AP06/20170516/105949/HHRG-115-AP06-Bio-NezJ-20170516.pdf +| archive-date = 2017-05-19 +| url-status = live +}} + +{{cite news +| last = Donovan +| first = Bill +| url = https://www.navajotimes.com/rezpolitics/a-number-of-firsts-at-navajo-presidential-inauguration/ +| title = A number of firsts at Navajo presidential inauguration +| date = 2015-05-12 +| access-date = 2018-11-09 +| work = [[The Navajo Times]] +| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150517070921/https://www.navajotimes.com/rezpolitics/a-number-of-firsts-at-navajo-presidential-inauguration/ +| archive-date = 2015-05-17 +| url-status = live +}} + +{{cite news +| last = Smith +| first = Noel Lyn +| title = Voters on the Navajo Nation elect president, council delegates +| url = https://www.daily-times.com/story/news/politics/elections/2018/11/08/midterm-elections-2018-navajo-nation-new-mexico-results/1921939002/ +| work = [[Farmington Daily Times]] +| date = 2018-11-08 +| access-date = 2018-11-09 +| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20181108211639/https://www.daily-times.com/story/news/politics/elections/2018/11/08/midterm-elections-2018-navajo-nation-new-mexico-results/1921939002/?from=new-cookie +| archive-date = 2018-11-08 +| url-status = live +}} + +{{cite news +| last = Becenti +| first = Arlyssa +| title = Nez wins by 19,000 votes +| url = https://www.navajotimes.com/reznews/nez-wins-by-19000-votes/ +| work = [[The Navajo Times]] +| date = 2018-11-07 +| access-date = 2018-11-10 +| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20181107230224/https://www.navajotimes.com/reznews/nez-wins-by-19000-votes/ +| archive-date = 2018-11-07 +| url-status = live +}} + +}} + +==External links== +{{Commons cat}} +* [http://www.opvp.navajo-nsn.gov/About-Us/President-Jonathan-Nez Navajo Nation Office of the President and Vice President] + +{{s-start}} +{{s-off}} +{{s-bef|before=[[Russell Begaye]]}} +{{s-ttl|title=[[President of the Navajo Nation]]|years=2019–present}} +{{s-inc}} +{{s-ppo}} +{{s-bef|before=[[Elizabeth Warren]]}} +{{s-ttl|title=Keynote Speaker of the [[Democratic National Convention]]|years=[[2020 Democratic National Convention|2020 ]]|alongside=[[Stacey Abrams]], [[Raumesh Akbari]], [[Colin Allred]], [[Brendan Boyle]], [[Yvanna Cancela]], [[Kathleen Clyde]], [[Nikki Fried]], [[Robert Garcia (California politician)|Robert Garcia]], [[Malcolm Kenyatta]], [[Marlon Kimpson]], [[Conor Lamb]], [[Mari Manoogian]], [[Victoria Neave]], [[Sam Park]], [[Denny Ruprecht]], [[Randall Woodfin]]}} +{{s-non|reason=Most recent}} +{{s-end}} + +{{Presidents of the Navajo Nation}} +{{Vice Presidents of the Navajo Nation}} + +{{DEFAULTSORT:Nez, Jonathan}} +[[Category:Living people]] +[[Category:Native American politicians]] +[[Category:Northern Arizona University alumni]] +[[Category:Presidents of the Navajo Nation]] +[[Category:Vice Presidents of the Navajo Nation]] +[[Category:Arizona Democrats]] +[[Category:People from Tuba City, Arizona]] +[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]] +[[Category:2020 United States presidential electors]] diff --git a/en.wikipedia.org/Kyoto_Animation_arson_attack/article.txt b/en.wikipedia.org/Kyoto_Animation_arson_attack/article.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..8be0b10 --- /dev/null +++ b/en.wikipedia.org/Kyoto_Animation_arson_attack/article.txt @@ -0,0 +1,2068 @@ +{{good article}} +{{short description|Arson attack in Kyoto, Japan}} +{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2020}} +{{Infobox civilian attack +| title = Kyoto Animation arson attack +| native_name = 京都アニメーション放火殺人事件 +| native_name_lang = ja +| partof = +| image = Kyoto animation arson attack 1 20190721.jpg +| image_size = 260px +| image_upright = +| alt = +| caption = Kyoto Animation's Studio 1 after the arson attack +| map = {{Infobox mapframe|frame-width=|zoom=4}}{{Infobox mapframe|frame-width=|zoom=9}} +| map_size = +| map_alt =41 +| map_caption = +| location = 15-1 Inaba, Momoyama-chō, [[Fushimi-ku, Kyoto|Fushimi]], [[Kyoto]], [[Japan]] +| target = [[Kyoto Animation]] Studio 1 +| coordinates = {{coord|34|55|59.0|N|135|47|34.6|E|type:event_region:JP-27|display=inline,title}} +| date = {{start date|2019|07|18|df=y}} +| time = 10:31 a.m. [[Japan Standard Time|JST]] ([[UTC+09:00]]) +| timezone = +| type = [[Arson]] +| fatalities = 36 +| injuries = 34 (including the suspect) +| victims = +| perpetrators = +| assailants = +| weapon = [[Gasoline]] (40 {{tooltip|L|Liters}}), [[lighter]], five knives, [[hammer]] +| numparts = +| dfens = +| motive = Revenge over supposed [[Plagiarism|plagiarism]]; [[mental disorder|mental illness]] +| inquiry = +| coroner = +| accused = Shinji Aoba +| convicted = +| verdict = +| convictions = +| charges = +| litigation = +| website = +| module = +}} +The {{Nihongo|'''Kyoto Animation arson attack'''|京都アニメーション放火殺人事件|Kyōto Animēshon hōka satsujin jiken|lead=yes}}{{efn|{{lit}} "Kyoto Animation arson murder case"}} occurred at [[Kyoto Animation]]'s Studio 1 building in the [[Fushimi-ku, Kyoto|Fushimi]] ward of [[Kyoto]], Japan, on the morning of 18 July 2019. The [[arson]] killed at least 36 people, injured an additional 33, and destroyed most of the materials and computers in Studio 1. It is one of the [[List of massacres in Japan|deadliest massacres in Japan]] since the end of [[World War II]] and the deadliest building fire in Japan since the 2001 [[Myojo 56 building fire]]. + +The suspect, who did not work for the studio, entered the front door carrying about {{Convert|40|L||abbr=}} of [[gasoline]] and doused the area and several employees before igniting it. After setting himself on fire while lighting the fuel, the suspect attempted to flee, but was apprehended by police about {{convert|100|m|ft}} from the building. Witnesses stated they heard him accusing the studio of [[plagiarism]]. After awaiting his recovery from life-threatening burns for more than ten months, the police arrested 42-year-old Shinji Aoba on suspicion of murder and other offenses on 27 May 2020, and was formally indicted on 16 December 2020. + +In addition to condolences and messages of support from world and national leaders, fans and businesses raised over Â¥3.3 billion in Japan and over US$2.3 million internationally to help the studio and its employees recover. As a result of the incident, some works and collaborations by the studio were delayed, and several events were cancelled or suspended. + +==Background== +[[File:Kyoto Animation Studio 1a.jpg|thumb|260px|Studio 1 prior to the arson attack, May 2015]] +Kyoto Animation is one of Japan's most acclaimed [[anime]] studios, known for titles such as ''[[Haruhi Suzumiya|The Melancholy of Haruhi Suzumiya]]'', ''[[K-On!]]'' and ''[[Clannad (visual novel)|Clannad]]''. It has several different locations in Kyoto: Studio 1 (in [[Fushimi-ku, Kyoto|Fushimi]] ward); Studio 2 (the head office), and Studio 5. Their merchandise development division is in [[Uji, Kyoto|Uji]], one train station away from Studio 1. The building was used mainly by the animation production staff, and was constructed in 2007. + +A few weeks before the attack, Kyoto Animation had received a number of [[death threat]]s. Company president Hideaki Hatta said they did not know if the threats were related to the incident, as they were sent anonymously, but he had informed police and lawyers of them. They reportedly received up to 200 threats in the year before the attack. After the [[Japanese police|police]] were informed of these threats in October 2018, they temporarily patrolled the head office at the time. + +==Incident== +The fire began with an explosion at around 10:31 a.m. (01:31 [[UTC]]) when the perpetrator walked into Studio 1 and set the building on fire with {{Convert|40|L||abbr=}} of gasoline. The perpetrator bought the gasoline {{Convert|10|km|mi|abbr=on}} away from the building, and it was believed that he walked to the building with the gasoline being carried on a platform trolley. The police believed that the gasoline planted on site mixed with the air, causing the explosion at the start. He is reported to have been shouting {{Nihongo|"die!"|[[wikt:死ね|死ね]]|shi-ne|lead=yes}} as he carried out the attack. The perpetrator also poured gasoline over some individuals before setting them alight—setting himself on fire in the process—causing them to run out into the street in flames. + +As the fire grew by the entrance, staff members were trapped inside the building. 20 bodies were found on the stairs from the third floor to the roof, evidently indicating that the victims were attempting to escape. Dr. Tomoaki Nishino, Associate Professor at Disaster Prevention Research Institute of [[Kyoto University]], estimated that second and third floors were almost filled with smoke within 30 seconds of the explosion. The perpetrator fled the scene but was chased by two Kyoto Animation employees and soon collapsed on the street, where he was apprehended by police. Multiple unused knives were found lying by the scene. + +The fire was under control at 3:19 p.m. (06:19 UTC), and extinguished at 6:20 a.m. on the next day (21:20 UTC). Once the rescue efforts had ended, it was confirmed that all people in the studio had been accounted for. The building did not have [[fire sprinkler]]s or indoor fire hydrants, due to its classification as a small office building, but had no deficiencies in fire safety compliance during its last inspection on 17 October 2018. Initial reports claimed the studio's entrance required employee pass-cards, but the door was left unlocked as the studio was expecting visitors. However, this was inaccurate: there was no security system in place and the door was always left unlocked during business hours. + +The arson attack destroyed most of Kyoto Animation's materials and computers in Studio 1, though a small portion of keyframes were on exhibition in [[Tokushima (city)|Tokushima]] and hence spared destruction. On 29 July, Kyoto Animation reported that it successfully recovered some digitized original drawings from a server that survived the fire. + +It is reported to be one of the [[List of massacres in Japan|deadliest massacres]] in Japan's history since the end of [[World War II]] and the deadliest building fire in the country since the [[Myojo 56 building fire]] in 2001. It was considered "suicidal terrorism" by one criminology professor at [[Rissho University]], as the attack was reportedly intended to be a suicide mission by the suspect. + +==Victims== +There were 70 people inside the building at the time of the fire. Initially it was reported that 34 people had been killed before two more later died at a hospital.{{efn|name=Victims|Many sources reported on the number of victims.}} Some victims were difficult to identify, according to the Kyoto police, because they had been burned beyond recognition. Autopsy results released on 22 July 2019 revealed that a majority of victims had succumbed to burns (rather than [[carbon monoxide poisoning]]) due to the quick spreading fire. DNA testing was done to aid in identifications, which lasted up to a week after the arson attack. It was reported that two-thirds of the victims (at least 20) were women, as the studio was known for hiring female animators. The president of Kyoto Animation asked the media through the police not to release the names of the victims out of respect for their families, stating that "releasing their names does nothing to serve the public good." On 25 July, the Kyoto police said they had identified all 34 victims and had started to return the bodies of the victims to their relatives. + +Meanwhile, discussions were ongoing with Kyoto Animation on if, when, and how to reveal the identities of the deceased. Some of the families released their own findings early to the media regarding the status of their loved ones. The family of color designer [[Naomi Ishida]] confirmed her death on 24 July. Animator, scriptwriter, and director [[Yasuhiro Takemoto]] was confirmed dead by his family through DNA testing on 26 July. The first post-fire death occurred on 27 July which brought the number of deceased to 35. On 2 August, the Kyoto Police released the names of ten victims (including the people already mentioned) whose funerals had finished and relatives' consents obtained, and it was confirmed on the same day that animation directors [[Yoshiji Kigami]] and [[Futoshi Nishiya]] were among the dead. The remaining 25 victims were officially revealed on 27 August as the social impact of the case became a factor. On 4 October 2019, it was announced that one woman died from [[septic shock]], bringing the death toll to 36.{{efn|name=Injured}} + +It was initially reported that 36 people were injured, but this figure dropped to 34 after two people later died at the hospital.{{efn|name=Injured|Reports on the number and identity of the injured and dead from many sources.}} By 18 September it was reported that all 34 people injured in the attack were no longer in life-threatening condition. Some still remained in the [[intensive care unit]] (ICU) though with severe burns.{{efn|name=Injured}} According to the [[South Korea]]n [[Ministry of Foreign Affairs (South Korea)|Ministry of Foreign Affairs]], one of the injured victims was a South Korean woman.{{efn|name=Injured}} Those who were reported safe include animation director [[Naoko Yamada]], who directed ''[[K-On!]]'', ''[[A Silent Voice (film)|A Silent Voice]]'' and ''[[Liz and the Blue Bird]]''.{{efn|name=Injured}} + +== Suspect == + +{{Nihongo|'''Shinji Aoba'''|青葉 真司|Aoba Shinji|lead=yes}}, a 41-year-old man, was identified as the suspect by police and a warrant was quickly issued for his arrest. + +According to locals, a man who resembled Aoba was spotted near the studio days before the incident. He was also reported to have visited several places of interest related to ''[[Sound! Euphonium]]'' around the city in days prior to the attack. Following the attack, Aoba fled the scene after being chased by employees of the studio but was apprehended by the Kyoto Prefectural Police near [[Rokujizō Station]] of [[Keihan Electric Railway]], about {{convert|100|m|ft}} from the studio; Aoba was then taken to a hospital with severe burns to the legs, chest, and face. During his transport to the hospital, he admitted to having started the fire, possibly for revenge, accusing the studio of {{Nihongo|"ripping off" or "[[Plagiarism|plagiarising]]"|[[wikt:パクる|パクリ]] [[wikt:やがる|やがって]]|pakuri yagatte|lead=yes}} his novels.{{efn|name=Plagiarism|Plagiarism reports from many sources.}} In spite of this, Hatta had initially stated that there is no record of anyone submitting work to their annual writing contest under his name. Subsequently, Kyoto Animation revealed that they had received a draft novel from the suspect; however, it did not pass the first-stage assessment and was forgotten, and its contents were confirmed to have no similarities to any of their published works. It was later revealed that Aoba believed that several scenes in ''[[Tsurune]]'' were similar to those in the novel he submitted.{{cite web |title=Kyoto Animation studio marks 1st anniversary of deadly arson attack |url=https://english.kyodonews.net/news/2020/07/9fca48bb3ad0-kyoto-animation-studio-marks-1st-anniversary-of-deadly-arson-attack.html |website=Kyodo News |accessdate=4 October 2020}} + +Due to serious burns sustained during the incident, Aoba was transferred to a university hospital in [[Osaka]] for further treatment, where he received necessary [[skin graft]] surgery. On 5 September 2019, it was reported that his injuries were no longer considered life-threatening, but he was still being treated in an ICU and required [[respiratory assistance]] from a [[ventilator]]. Aoba regained speech on 18 September and began rehabilitation by 8 October, being able to sit up on a wheelchair and hold short conversations. The police obtained a warrant for his arrest, but were required to await confirmation from doctors that Aoba could withstand confinement. On 14 November 2019, he was moved to another hospital in Kyoto City for final rehabilitation. He recovered from most of his injuries and acknowledged responsibility for the attack. He expressed feelings of remorse and gratitude towards the hospital staff, who he said treated him better than anyone had ever done in his life. On the other hand, he told police that he lit the fire because Kyoto Animation had stolen his novel, and that he expected to get the death penalty. Most of Aoba's burned skin was replaced with experimental artificial skin as the victims were prioritized to receive donor human skin first. The use of artificial skin on such extensive burns is the first case in Japan. By January 2020, Aoba remained hospitalized, and was unable to stand or eat unassisted. On 27 May 2020, Aoba was judged to have sufficiently recovered from his burn injuries, and he was formally arrested on suspicion of murder and other charges. He was indicted on 16 December 2020 on murder and other charges.{{Cite web|title=Multiple murder charges filed over 2019 arson attack on Kyoani|url=http://www.asahi.com/ajw/articles/14024516|access-date=2020-12-16|website=The Asahi Shimbun|language=en}} +{{cite web|url=https://variety.com/2020/biz/asia/japan-police-murder-charges-kyoto-animation-arson-case-1234864902/|title=Japan Police File Murder Charges in Kyoto Animation Arson Case|publisher=Variety}} +Aoba had a prior [[criminal history]] and suffered from a [[mental illness]]. In 2012, he robbed a convenience store with a knife in [[Ibaraki Prefecture|Ibaraki]] and was subsequently jailed for three-and-a-half years. Aoba's mental illness may reduce his maximum penalty for the attack from a [[Capital punishment in Japan|death sentence]] to life imprisonment. + +== Aftermath == +One month after the arson attack, the victims began to return to work at the other Kyoto Animation studio. As of October 2019, while the number of Kyoto Animation employees decreased from 176 to 137, 27 of the surviving 33 victims returned to work with several having decided to take extended breaks to cope with the stress and anxiety brought by the attack. + +The company has issued an official statement, requesting respect for the victims and their family members, and also stating that all future statements will be either through the police or their lawyers. The demolition process of the building was completed on 28 April 2020, with no further plans for the site revealed. In an earlier interview, Kyoto Animation's president Hideaki Hatta stated that he was considering replacing the building with a green public park and a [[memorialization|memorial monument]]. However, residents in the neighbourhood did not wish for a memorial to be built as it would destroy "the peaceful lifestyle [of local residents]". + +Due to recovery efforts, Kyoto Animation had suspended the 11th Kyoto Animation Awards, an annual award to discover new stories. + +In November 2019, the studio had decided to continue training programmes for aspiring animators, in which trainees would be trained in movies, sketching and animations. Upon graduating from the programme, outstanding trainees could be recruited by the studio after being examined further. + +===Impact on productions=== +In response to this incident, a publicity event for the upcoming 2020 ''[[Free! (TV series)#Films|Free!]]'' film was cancelled. Kyoto Animation's ''Sound! Euphonium'' collaboration with [[Keihan Main Line]] was delayed, as was episode 4 of ''[[Humanoid Monster Bem|BEM]]''. The third episode of [[David Production]]'s ''[[Fire Force]]'', an anime series about firefighters and people dying from [[Spontaneous human combustion|spontaneous combustion]], was delayed for a week and released with the colours of the fires and narration modified. Subsequent episodes of ''Fire Force'' were dealt with in a similar manner. The studio has decided to push on with premiering ''[[Violet Evergarden]] Gaiden'' on 3 August 2019 at Germany's [[AnimagiC]] convention as originally scheduled. The Japanese theatrical screening dates were extended by an extra week and honored the victims in the end credits. Despite earlier news reports stating that the upcoming ''Violet Evergarden'' film would premiere as scheduled on 10 January 2020, it was later announced to be delayed to 24 April 2020, but as a result of the [[COVID-19 pandemic]], the premiere was again delayed to 18 September 2020. An episode for ''[[Animation x Paralympic]]'', originally due to be aired in August 2019, was eventually announced as cancelled on 28 February 2020, citing that they would be unable to complete it in time for the [[2020 Summer Paralympics|2020 Paralympics]]. + +=== Measures to prevent recurrence === +The [[Fire and Disaster Management Agency]] and the [[National Police Agency (Japan)|National Police Agency]] issued a notice on 25 July 2019, requiring gas stations to maintain sales records of people purchasing gasoline in refillable containers, which conform to fire safety regulations. Each record is to contain the buyer's personal information such as name, address, the purpose of the purchase, and quantity purchased. Although the notice had no legal backing, most buyers complied with this additional requirement voluntarily. This measure was formalised with the relevant regulations revised and enforced on 1 February 2020 to make the sales records mandatory. Post incident, the Kyoto Municipal Fire Department formulated guidelines for evacuation in the event of arson or terrorism and encouraged the installation of evacuation ladders. + +==Reactions== +[[File:Kyoto animation arson attack 2 20190721.jpg|right|thumb|260px|The entrance to the studio after the arson attack. Bouquets and beverages are placed in memorial.]] +[[File:アニメイト秋葉原 京都アニメーション支援募金 (48333506016).jpg|thumb|260px|Donation box at [[Animate (retailer)|Animate]] [[Akihabara]].]] +[[File:The floral tributes at Rokujizo Station 2019-08-10(1) sa.jpg|thumb|right|260px|Flowers that have been installed in the field near the Rokujizō Station.]] +Kyoto Animation accepted direct donations through a local bank account to help the victims of the attack from 23 July 2019 to 27 December 2019. Eventually, the bank account had accumulated approximately {{JPY|3,300,000,000|2019}}. The donations included separate {{JPY|10,000,000|2019}} donations from Japanese musician [[Yoshiki (musician)|Yoshiki]] and game developer [[Key (company)|Key]]. It was estimated that the company would require as much as {{JPY|10,000,000,000|2019}} to cover the cost of supporting the victims and affected families and company-related business operating recovery expenses. As of November 2019, the company has begun the process of distributing the funds raised to the victims, with each victim receiving an appropriate amount after factoring various considerations such as severity of injuries, whether the victim is a sole breadwinner, etc. + +===Domestic=== +[[Prime Minister of Japan|Prime Minister]] [[Shinzo Abe]] expressed his condolences and stated that he was "speechless" at the scale of the incident.{{efn|name=Condolences}} A first in Japanese corporate history, a measure was passed in the [[National Diet]] to allow for donations to the studio to be tax-exempt. The Chinese, French, Philippine, and Belgian embassies in Japan provided their own words of condolence.{{efn|name=Condolences}} + +Numerous people and organisations related to the industry expressed concern and support, such as anime directors [[Makoto Shinkai]] and Tatsuki, ''[[K-On!]]'' voice actress [[Aki Toyosaki]], ''[[Haruhi Suzumiya|The Melancholy of Haruhi Suzumiya]]'' voice actresses [[Aya Hirano]], [[Minori Chihara]], and [[YÅ«ko Gotō]], ''[[Hyōka]]'' author [[Honobu Yonezawa]], ''[[Clannad (visual novel)|Clannad]]'' developer company [[Key (company)|Key]], and media company [[Kadokawa Corporation]].{{efn|name=Condolences|Condolences and support were expressed by many.}} Animation studios such as [[Shaft (company)|Shaft]], [[Sunrise (company)|Sunrise]], [[Bandai Namco Pictures]], [[Toei Animation]], [[Bones (studio)|Bones]], [[Khara (studio)|Khara]], [[Trigger (studio)|Trigger]], [[The Walt Disney Company Asia Pacific|Walt Disney Japan]], and [[Madhouse (company)|Madhouse]] all offered their support as well.{{efn|name=Condolences}} + +Animate, a major Japanese retailer of [[anime]], [[video game]]s, and [[manga]], took donations at all of their stores to support the victims, and had raised over 330 million yen by 1 September. + +===International=== +Several foreign dignitaries, including [[Justin Trudeau]], [[Tsai Ing-wen]], [[António Guterres]], and others, offered their own messages of support for the victims.{{efn|name=Condolences}} + +In the wake of the fire, a [[GoFundMe]] appeal was launched by American anime licensor [[Sentai Filmworks]]. With a target of US$750,000, it surpassed the US$1 million donation mark within the first 24 hours. It had received US$2.3 million at the end of the appeal. As of 7 December 2019, Sentai had transferred all of the funds raised, except for an amount for credit card processing fees, to Kyoto Animation studio. + +Fans have also taken to Kyoto Animation's Japanese digital store to directly contribute by purchasing high-resolution downloadable images as they do not require staff to ship them. American licensing companies [[Aniplex of America]], [[Funimation]] and [[Crunchyroll]], and [[Nickelodeon Animation Studio]], all offered their support. [[Adult Swim]]'s anime-oriented [[Toonami]] block started their 20 July broadcast asking viewers to donate to the GoFundMe set up by Sentai Filmworks. + +==See also== +* [[2019 in Japan]] +* [[Crime in Japan]] +* [[List of building or structure fires]] +* [[List of disasters in Japan by death toll]] +* [[Sennichi Department Store Building fire]] + +==Notes== +{{notelist}} + +==References== +{{reflist|refs= + +{{cite news + |url = https://7news.com.au/news/disaster-and-emergency/you-die-arsonist-kills-at-least-33-people-in-kyoto-animation-studio-fire-c-354701 + |title = 'You die!' Arsonist kills at least 33 people in Kyoto animation studio fire + |first = Kelly + |last = Burke + |date = 18 July 2019 + |work = [[Seven News|7News]] + |access-date = 19 July 2019 + |archive-date = 19 July 2019 + |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190719000310/http://7news.com.au/news/disaster-and-emergency/you-die-arsonist-kills-at-least-33-people-in-kyoto-animation-studio-fire-c-354701 + |url-status = live +}} + +{{cite web + |url = https://animagic.de/animagic2019/programmheft-2019/ + |title = AnimagiC 2019 – Das Programmheft + |date = 25 July 2019 + |website = AnimagiC + |language = de + |access-date = 25 July 2019 + |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190725051113/https://animagic.de/animagic2019/programmheft-2019/ + |archive-date = 25 July 2019 + |url-status = live +}} + +{{cite web + |url = https://www.animate.co.jp/info/278030/ + |script-title = ja:京都アニメーション様で発生した事件につきまして - アニメイト + |author = 株式会社アニメイト + |date = 19 July 2019 + |website = [[Animate (retailer)|Animate]] + |language = ja + |access-date = 19 July 2019 + |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190719141259/https://www.animate.co.jp/info/278030/ + |archive-date = 19 July 2019 + |url-status = live +}} + +{{cite news + |first = Rafael + |last = Antonio Pineda + |url = https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2019-07-17/fire-breaks-out-in-kyoto-animation-1st-studio-building/.149097 + |title = Fire Breaks Out in Kyoto Animation's 1st Studio Building (Updated) + |work = [[Anime News Network]] + |date = 17 July 2019 + |access-date = 18 July 2019 + |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190718124106/https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2019-07-17/fire-breaks-out-in-kyoto-animation-1st-studio-building/.149097 + |archive-date = 18 July 2019 + |url-status = live +}} + +{{cite news + |url = https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/interest/2019-07-19/animation-studios-fans-share-messages-of-hope-after-kyoto-animation-studio-arson/.149148 + |title = Animation Studios, Fans Share Messages of Hope After Kyoto Animation Studio Arson + |first = Loveridge + |last = Lynzee + |date = 19 July 2019 + |work = [[Anime News Network]] + |access-date = 19 July 2019 + |url-status = live + |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190719175705/https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/interest/2019-07-19/animation-studios-fans-share-messages-of-hope-after-kyoto-animation-studio-arson/.149148 + |archive-date = 19 July 2019 +}} + +{{cite web + |url = https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2019-07-19/kyoto-animation-president-states-in-interview-that-all-materials-computers-were-destroyed-in-fire/.149142 + |last = Hodgkins + |first = Crystalyn + |title = Kyoto Animation President States in Interview That All Materials, Computers Were Destroyed in Fire + |website = Anime News Network + |date = 19 July 2019 + |access-date = 20 July 2019 + |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190720133646/https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2019-07-19/kyoto-animation-president-states-in-interview-that-all-materials-computers-were-destroyed-in-fire/.149142 + |archive-date = 20 July 2019 + |url-status = live +}} + +{{cite news + |first = Crystalyn + |last = Hodgkins + |url = https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2019-07-20/kyoto-animation-president-hatta-considers-demolishing-1st-studio-building-building-public-park-with-monument/.149180 + |title = Kyoto Animation President Hatta Considers Demolishing 1st Studio Building, Building Public Park With Monument + |work = [[Anime News Network]] + |date = 20 July 2019 + |access-date = 20 July 2019 + |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190720120805/https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2019-07-20/kyoto-animation-president-hatta-considers-demolishing-1st-studio-building-building-public-park-with-monument/.149180 + |archive-date = 20 July 2019 + |url-status = live +}} + +{{cite web + |url = https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/interest/2019-07-23/the-melancholy-of-haruhi-suzumiya-voice-cast-comments-on-kyoto-animation-studio-arson/.149237 + |title = The Melancholy of Haruhi Suzumiya Voice Cast Comments on Kyoto Animation Studio Arson + |first = Morissy + |last = Kim + |date = 23 July 2019 + |website = [[Anime News Network]] + |language = en + |access-date = 23 July 2019 + |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20191007215543/https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/interest/2019-07-23/the-melancholy-of-haruhi-suzumiya-voice-cast-comments-on-kyoto-animation-studio-arson/.149237 + |archive-date = 7 October 2019 + |url-status = live +}} + +{{cite web + |url = https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2019-07-26/fire-force-3rd-episode-modified-after-kyoto-animation-fire/.149362 + |title = Fire Force's 3rd Episode Modified After Kyoto Animation Fire + |date = 26 July 2019 + |last = Pineda + |first = Rafael Antonio + |website = [[Anime News Network]] + |access-date = 26 July 2019 + |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190726174355/https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2019-07-26/fire-force-3rd-episode-modified-after-kyoto-animation-fire/.149362 + |archive-date = 26 July 2019 + |url-status = live +}} + +{{cite news + |first1 = Jennifer + |last1 = Sherman + |first2 = Rafael + |last2 = Antonio Pineda + |url = https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2019-09-18/34-injured-kyoto-animation-victims-no-longer-in-life-threatening-condition/.151243 + |title = 34 Injured Kyoto Animation Victims No Longer in Life-Threatening Condition + |work = [[Anime News Network]] + |date = 18 September 2019 + |access-date = 18 September 2019 +}} + +{{cite news + |first = Crystalyn + |last = Hodgkins + |url = https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2019-10-27/japan-to-change-gasoline-sales-rules-in-wake-of-kyoto-animation-fire/.152674 + |title = Japan to Change Gasoline Sales Rules in Wake of Kyoto Animation Fire + |work = [[Anime News Network]] + |date = 27 October 2019 + |accessdate = 27 October 2019 + |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20191218102252/https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2019-10-27/japan-to-change-gasoline-sales-rules-in-wake-of-kyoto-animation-fire/.152674 + |archive-date = 18 December 2019 + |url-status = live +}} + +{{cite web + |url = https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2019-11-09/violet-evergarden-film-rescheduled-to-april-24/.153111 + |title = Violet Evergarden Film Rescheduled to April 24 + |date = 9 November 2019 + |website = [[Anime News Network]] + |access-date = 9 November 2019 + |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20191223064332/https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2019-11-09/violet-evergarden-film-rescheduled-to-april-24/.153111 + |archive-date = 23 December 2019 + |url-status = live +}} + +{{cite web + |url = https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2019-12-07/sentai-filmworks-sends-final-funds-from-gofundme-campaign-to-kyoto-animation/.154099 + |title = Sentai Filmworks Sends Final Funds from GoFundMe Campaign to Kyoto Animation + |date = 7 December 2019 + |website = [[Anime News Network]] + |language = en + |access-date = 9 December 2019 + |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20191208201102/https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2019-12-07/sentai-filmworks-sends-final-funds-from-gofundme-campaign-to-kyoto-animation/.154099 + |archive-date = 8 December 2019 + |url-status = live +}} + +{{cite web + |url = https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2020-02-28/kyoto-animation-planned-anime-x-para-short-for-nhk-canceled/.156937 + |title = Kyoto Animation's Planned 'Anime x Para' Short for NHK Canceled + |author = Rafael Antonio Pineda + |publisher = Anime News Network + |date = 28 February 2020 + |access-date = 14 April 2020 + |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200315040242/https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2020-02-28/kyoto-animation-planned-anime-x-para-short-for-nhk-canceled/.156937 + |archive-date = 15 March 2020 + |url-status = live +}} + +{{cite news + |url = https://apnews.com/8a893462b76e41139048b5a50f34ff5d + |title = Suspect in Japan anime studio arson reportedly had grudge + |last = Yamaguchi + |first = Mari + |work = [[Associated Press]] + |date = 20 July 2019 + |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190720094247/https://apnews.com/8a893462b76e41139048b5a50f34ff5d + |archive-date = 20 July 2019 + |url-status = live +}} + +{{cite web + |url = https://www.asahi.com/articles/ASM7L522BM7LPTIL01T.html + |script-title = ja:身柄確保の男「パクりやがって！」 京アニに恨みか + |date = 18 July 2019 + |work = [[Asahi Shimbun]] + |language = ja + |access-date = 18 July 2019 + |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190718120916/https://www.asahi.com/articles/ASM7L522BM7LPTIL01T.html + |archive-date = 18 July 2019 + |url-status = live +}} + +{{cite web + |url = https://www.asahi.com/articles/ASM7M2TK6M7MPTIL002.html + |script-title = ja:京アニ放火、吹き抜け構造で一気に燃焼か ４人なお重篤 + |date = 19 July 2019 + |work = [[Asahi Shimbun]] + |language = ja + |access-date = 19 July 2019 + |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190719041123/https://www.asahi.com/articles/ASM7M2TK6M7MPTIL002.html + |archive-date = 19 July 2019 + |url-status = live +}} + +{{cite web + |url = https://www.asahi.com/articles/ASM7M7KNXM7MPTIL04S.html + |script-title = ja:京アニ放火、死者は３４人に 新たに男性１人が亡くなる + |date = 19 July 2019 + |work = [[Asahi Shimbun]] + |language = ja + |access-date = 19 July 2019 + |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190719165857/https://www.asahi.com/articles/ASM7M7KNXM7MPTIL04S.html + |archive-date = 19 July 2019 + |url-status = live +}} + +{{cite news + |author = + |title = 京アニ放火事件、青葉真司容疑者に逮捕状 京都府警 + |language = ja + |date = 20 July 2019 + |work = [[Asahi Shimbun]] + |url = https://www.asahi.com/articles/ASM7N7TPDM7NPTIL03R.html + |access-date = 20 July 2019 + |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190721153148/https://www.asahi.com/articles/ASM7N7TPDM7NPTIL03R.html + |archive-date = 21 July 2019 + |url-status = live +}} + +{{cite web + |url = https://www.asahi.com/articles/ASMBG5GFWMBGPLZB006.html + |title = 放火想定した避難指針 京アニ生存者の声生かす 京都市：朝日新聞デジタル + |website = 朝日新聞デジタル + |language = ja + |access-date = 2 April 2020 + |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20191125190414/https://www.asahi.com/articles/ASMBG5GFWMBGPLZB006.html + |archive-date = 25 November 2019 + |url-status = live +}} + +{{cite web + |url = http://www.asahi.com/ajw/articles/AJ201910190014.html + |title = Life 'still far from returning to normalcy' at Kyoto Animation + |date = 19 October 2019 + |website = [[Asahi Shimbun]] + |language = en + |access-date = 8 March 2020 + |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20191020194652/http://www.asahi.com/ajw/articles/AJ201910190014.html + |archive-date = 20 October 2019 + |url-status = live +}} + +{{cite news + |url = https://www.asahi.com/articles/ASN1L55DLN17PLZB017.html + |script-title = ja:京アニ放火事件から半年――消防局資料などから見えた全容 + |date = 19 January 2020 + |newspaper = [[Asahi Shimbun]] + |edition = 14 + |language = ja + |page = 2 + |access-date = 8 March 2020 + |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200121091238/https://www.asahi.com/articles/ASN1L55DLN17PLZB017.html + |archive-date = 21 January 2020 + |url-status = live +}} + +{{cite news + |date = 18 July 2019 + |title = Kyoto Animation fire: Arson attack at Japan anime studio kills 33 + |work = BBC News + |url = https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-49027178 + |access-date = 18 July 2019 + |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190718084137/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-49027178 + |archive-date = 18 July 2019 + |url-status = live +}} + +{{cite news + |url = https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-49042992 + |title = Kyoto Animation fire: Police name suspect after studio blaze + |author = + |work = [[BBC]] + |date = 19 July 2019 + |access-date = 19 July 2019 + |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190719135545/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-49042992 + |archive-date = 19 July 2019 + |url-status = live +}} + +{{cite news + |url = https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-49055468 + |title = Kyoto Animation fire: Suspect 'spotted in area' days before + |author = + |date = 20 July 2019 + |work = [[BBC]] News + |access-date = 20 July 2019 + |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190720134442/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-49055468 + |archive-date = 20 July 2019 + |url-status = live +}} + +{{cite news + |title = Man charged over deadly Kyoto animation studio fire + |url = https://www.bbc.com/news/entertainment-arts-52813523 + |accessdate = 27 May 2020 + |agency = [[BBC News]] + |date = 27 May 2020 + |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200611140620/https://www.bbc.com/news/entertainment-arts-52813523 + |archive-date = 11 June 2020 + |url-status = live +}} + +{{cite web + |url = https://newbem.jp/news/407/ + |title = 「BEM」第４話放送延期について + |date = 30 July 2019 + |website = newbem.jp + |access-date = 2 August 2019 + |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190730041753/https://newbem.jp/news/407/ + |archive-date = 30 July 2019 + |url-status = live +}} + +{{cite web + |url = http://pandreamium.sblo.jp/article/186300170.html + |title = Untitled + |script-title = ja:無題 + |last = Yonezawa + |first = Honobu + |date = 20 July 2019 + |website = Pandreamium + |language = ja + |access-date = 20 July 2019 + |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190720130302/http://pandreamium.sblo.jp/article/186300170.html + |archive-date = 20 July 2019 + |url-status = live +}} + +{{cite web + |url = http://www.bn-pictures.co.jp/news/detail.php?id=16874 + |title = Announcement of the suspension of Episode 3 broadcast + |script-title = ja:株式会社京都アニメーション様へ + |author = + |date = 19 July 2019 + |website = [[Bandai Namco Pictures]] + |language = ja + |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190720135211/http://www.bn-pictures.co.jp/news/detail.php?id=16874 + |archive-date = 20 July 2019 + |url-status = live + |access-date = 19 July 2019 +}} + +{{cite web + |url = https://www.bones.co.jp/news/5574 + |title = With respect to the arson case happened at Kyoto Animation + |script-title = ja:株式会社京都アニメーション様で発生した放火事件につきまして {{!}} BONES-株式会社ボンズ + |date = 20 July 2019 + |website = [[Bones (studio)|Bones]] + |language = ja + |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190720135456/https://www.bones.co.jp/news/5574 + |archive-date = 20 July 2019 + |url-status = live + |access-date = 20 July 2019 +}} + +{{cite web + |url = https://www.cartoonbrew.com/business/anime-licensing-firm-sentai-filmworks-receives-30m-investment-from-cool-japan-fund-177766.html + |title = Anime Licensing Firm Sentai Filmworks Receives $30M Investment From Cool Japan Fund + |last = Wit + |first = Alex Dudok de + |date = 2 August 2019 + |website = Cartoon Brew + |language = en-US + |access-date = 4 August 2019 +}} + +{{cite news + |url = https://www.chunichi.co.jp/article/front/list/CK2019071902000068.html + |title = + |script-title = ja:京都アニメ放火、３３人死亡 ４１歳男「ガソリンまく」 + |language = ja + |work = [[Chunichi Shimbun]] + |date = 18 July 2019 + |access-date = 18 July 2019 + |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190718223402/https://www.chunichi.co.jp/article/front/list/CK2019071902000068.html + |archive-date = 18 July 2019 + |url-status = dead +}} + +{{cite news + |url = https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/asia/kyoto-animation-suspect-arson-stolen-novel-kyoani-11737816 + |title = Suspected arsonist believed his novel was stolen by Kyoto Animation studio: Reports + |date = 19 July 2019 + |author = + |access-date = 19 July 2019 + |work = [[CNA (news channel)]] + |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190719145804/https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/asia/kyoto-animation-suspect-arson-stolen-novel-kyoani-11737816 + |archive-date = 19 July 2019 + |url-status = live +}} + +{{cite web + |url = https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/asia/japan-animation-firm-fire-smoke-spread-so-fast-victims-rooftop-11742206 + |title = Smoke spread so fast at Japanese animation firm victims couldn't open rooftop door + |work = CNA (news channel) + |date = 22 July 2019 + |access-date = 22 July 2019 + |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190722132349/https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/asia/japan-animation-firm-fire-smoke-spread-so-fast-victims-rooftop-11742206 + |archive-date = 22 July 2019 + |url-status = live +}} + +{{cite news + |url = https://www.cnbc.com/2019/07/19/japan-arson-attack-on-anime-studio-is-worst-mass-killing-since-2001.html + |title = Japan mourns after the worst mass killing in two decades claims 33 lives in arson attack + |date = 19 July 2019 + |work = [[CNBC]] + |access-date = 19 July 2019 + |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190719140845/https://www.cnbc.com/2019/07/19/japan-arson-attack-on-anime-studio-is-worst-mass-killing-since-2001.html + |archive-date = 19 July 2019 + |url-status = live +}} + + {{cite web + |url = https://comicbook.com/anime/2019/07/19/kyoto-animation-arson-anime-delays-free-2020/ + |title = Kyoto Animation Arson Prompts Several Anime Delays + |website = ComicBook Anime + |language = en + |access-date = 22 July 2019 + |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190722095501/https://comicbook.com/anime/2019/07/19/kyoto-animation-arson-anime-delays-free-2020/ + |archive-date = 22 July 2019 + |url-status = live +}} + +{{cite web + |url = https://comicbook.com/anime/2019/08/15/kyoto-animation-companys-future-plans/ + |title = Kyoto Animation Opens Up About the Company's Future Plans + |website = Anime + |language = en + |access-date = 17 August 2019 + |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190817153753/https://comicbook.com/anime/2019/08/15/kyoto-animation-companys-future-plans/ + |archive-date = 17 August 2019 + |url-status = live +}} + +{{cite magazine + |url = https://www.complex.com/life/2019/07/confirmed-dead-arson-attack-japanese-anime-studio-kyoto-animation + |title = 33 Confirmed Dead in Suspected Arson Attack on Japanese Anime Studio Kyoto Animation + |first = Joe + |last = Price + |date = 18 July 2019 + |access-date = 19 July 2019 + |magazine = [[Complex (magazine)|Complex]] + |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190719170637/https://www.complex.com/life/2019/07/confirmed-dead-arson-attack-japanese-anime-studio-kyoto-animation + |archive-date = 19 July 2019 + |url-status = live +}} + +{{cite web + |url = https://www.crunchyroll.com/en-gb/anime-news/2019/08/10-1/clannad-developer-key-donates-10-million-yen-to-kyoto-animation + |title = Clannad Developer Key Donates 10 Million Yen to Kyoto Animation + |last = Luster + |first = Joseph + |website = Crunchyroll + |language = en-gb + |access-date = 12 August 2019 + |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190811163307/https://www.crunchyroll.com/en-gb/anime-news/2019/08/10-1/clannad-developer-key-donates-10-million-yen-to-kyoto-animation + |archive-date = 11 August 2019 + |url-status = live +}} + +{{cite web + |last1 = Yamaguchi + |first1 = Mari + |title = Kyoto Animation studio arson fire suspect reportedly had grudge + |url = https://www.ctvnews.ca/world/kyoto-animation-studio-arson-fire-suspect-reportedly-had-grudge-1.4515205?cache=yes%3FclipId%3D104069%3FautoPlay%3Dtrue + |website = CTV News + |publisher = CTV + |accessdate = 30 December 2019 + |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20191230122127/https://www.ctvnews.ca/world/kyoto-animation-studio-arson-fire-suspect-reportedly-had-grudge-1.4515205?cache=yes%3FclipId%3D104069%3FautoPlay%3Dtrue + |archive-date = 30 December 2019 + |url-status = live +}} + +{{cite news + |url = https://www.dailydot.com/irl/kyoto-animation-studio-fire/ + |title = Fans grieve Kyoto Animation Studio fire with #PrayforKyoAni + |first = Brooke + |last = Sjoberg + |date = 18 July 2019 + |work = [[The Daily Dot]] + |access-date = 19 July 2019 + |url-status = live + |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190719173919/https://www.dailydot.com/irl/kyoto-animation-studio-fire/ + |archive-date = 19 July 2019 +}} + +{{cite web + |last1 = Haring + |first1 = Bruce + |last2 = Wiseman + |first2 = Andreas + |title = Kyoto Animation Arson Fire Suspect Claims Plagiarism Caused Him To Act – Police Say He's Mentally Ill + |url = https://deadline.com/2019/07/kyoto-animation-studio-arson-suspect-motives-1202648253/ + |date = 20 July 2019 + |website = [[Deadline Hollywood]] + |access-date = 16 December 2019 + |ref = Deadline + |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20191202115927/https://deadline.com/2019/07/kyoto-animation-studio-arson-suspect-motives-1202648253/ + |archive-date = 2 December 2019 + |url-status = live +}} + +{{cite web + |title = + |script-title = ja:京アニ放火、犯人とみられる男12年にコンビニ強盗 + |url = http://topics.smt.docomo.ne.jp/article/nikkansports/nation/f-so-tp0-190718-201907180000956 + |date = 18 July 2019 + |access-date = 18 July 2019 + |language = ja + |work = Nikkan Sports + |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190718110559/http://topics.smt.docomo.ne.jp/article/nikkansports/nation/f-so-tp0-190718-201907180000956 + |archive-date = 18 July 2019 + |url-status = dead +}} + +{{cite journal + |last = Nishino + |first = Tomoaki + |date = 2 August 2019 + |title = 2019å¹´7月18日に京都アニメーション第1スタジオで発生した放火火災の分析 + |trans-title = Analysis of the Arson Fire in the 1st Studio of Kyoto Animation on 18 July 2019 + |url = http://www.dpri.kyoto-u.ac.jp/contents/wp-content/uploads/2019/08/Analysis-of-Kyoto-Animation-Arson-Fire_20190802-1.pdf + |url-status = live + |language = ja + |page = 5 + |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190802152205/http://www.dpri.kyoto-u.ac.jp/contents/wp-content/uploads/2019/08/Analysis-of-Kyoto-Animation-Arson-Fire_20190802-1.pdf + |archive-date = 2 August 2019 + |access-date = 8 March 2020 +}} + +{{cite web + |url = https://tokyo.philembassy.net/02events/condolence-message-for-kyoto-fire-victims/ + |title = Condolence Message for Kyoto Fire Victims + |author = + |date = 19 July 2019 + |website = The Official Website of the Embassy of the Republic of the Philippines to Japan + |access-date = 19 July 2019 + |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190719153507/https://tokyo.philembassy.net/02events/condolence-message-for-kyoto-fire-victims/ + |archive-date = 19 July 2019 + |url-status = live + |quote = The Philippine Embassy is most saddened to learn of the fatalities and injuries wrought by the fire at the Kyoto Animation studio. This most sorrowful incident at a studio that produces works of art that serve to reach out to many people around the world touches the heart of Filipinos, many of whom are a deep love for Japanese animation. We express our deepest sympathy and condolences to the families and friends of the victims. +}} + +{{cite news + |last = Dassanayake + |first = Dion + |url = https://www.express.co.uk/entertainment/gaming/1154939/Kyoto-Animation-fire-fundraiser-anime-studio-arson-attack + |title = Kyoto Animation fire: Fundraiser started after deadly anime studio 'arson attack' + |newspaper = [[Daily Express]] + |date = 18 July 2019 + |access-date = 18 July 2019 + |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190718112415/https://www.express.co.uk/entertainment/gaming/1154939/Kyoto-Animation-fire-fundraiser-anime-studio-arson-attack + |archive-date = 18 July 2019 + |url-status = live +}} + +{{cite web + |script-title = ja:京都府京都市伏見区で発生した爆発火災（第13報） + |url = https://www.fdma.go.jp/disaster/info/items/1912231340.pdf + |date = 23 December 2019 + |access-date = 8 March 2020 + |edition = 13 + |publisher = Fire and Disaster Management Agency + |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200128101455/https://www.fdma.go.jp/disaster/info/items/1912231340.pdf + |archive-date = 28 January 2020 + |url-status = live +}} + +{{cite web + |url = https://www.fdma.go.jp/disaster/info/items/190725_kiho_95.pdf + |title = 給油取扱所におけるガソリンの容器への詰め替え販売に係る取扱いについて + |language = ja + |author = 消防庁危険物保安室長 + |date = 25 Jul 2019 + |website = Fire and Disaster Management Agency + |url-status = live + |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190729094127/https://www.fdma.go.jp/disaster/info/items/190725_kiho_95.pdf + |archive-date = 29 July 2019 + |access-date = 21 Jul 2020 +}} + +{{cite web + |url = https://fireforce-anime.jp/news/detail.php?d=190719_01 + |title = + |script-title = ja:第3話 放送休止のお知らせ + |date = 19 July 2019 + |website = [[Fire Force]] + |language = ja + |access-date = 21 July 2019 + |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190721141728/https://fireforce-anime.jp/news/detail.php?d=190719_01 + |archive-date = 21 July 2019 + |url-status = live +}} + +{{cite web + |title =【速報】京アニ放火殺害 青葉容疑者 命に別条ない状態まで回復 + |url = https://www.fnn.jp/posts/00423547CX/201909051722_CX_CX + |date = 5 September 2019 + |language = ja + |work = [[:ja:FNNプライムニュース デイズ]] + |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190916020719/https://www.fnn.jp/posts/00423547CX/201909051722_CX_CX + |archive-date = 16 September 2019 + |url-status = dead +}} + +{{cite web + |url = https://www.fromjapan.co.uk/uncategorised/video-game-maker-kyoto-animation-creative-partner-key-donates-10-million-yen-to-arson-relief-fund/ + |title = Video game maker/Kyoto Animation creative partner Key donates 10 million yen to arson relief fund + |last = admin + |date = 9 August 2019 + |website = FromJapan.co.uk + |language = en-GB + |access-date = 12 August 2019 + |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190812045118/https://www.fromjapan.co.uk/uncategorised/video-game-maker-kyoto-animation-creative-partner-key-donates-10-million-yen-to-arson-relief-fund/ + |archive-date = 12 August 2019 + |url-status = dead +}} + +{{cite news + |url = https://www.theguardian.com/world/2019/jul/18/dead-suspected-arson-attack-kyoto-animation-japan + |title = Kyoto Animation studio fire: at least 25 dead after arson attack in Japan + |date = 18 July 2019 + |language = en + |newspaper = The Guardian + |access-date = 18 July 2019 + |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190718113140/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2019/jul/18/dead-suspected-arson-attack-kyoto-animation-japan + |archive-date = 18 July 2019 + |url-status = live +}} + +{{cite news + |author = + |title = Kyoto Animation fire: police search for clues as donations pass $1m mark + |url = https://www.theguardian.com/world/2019/jul/19/kyoto-animation-fire-police-search-for-clues-as-donations-pass-1m-mark + |work = [[The Guardian]] + |date = 19 July 2019 + |access-date = 19 July 2019 + |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190719030728/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2019/jul/19/kyoto-animation-fire-police-search-for-clues-as-donations-pass-1m-mark + |archive-date = 19 July 2019 + |url-status = live +}} + +{{cite news + |last = Lum + |first = Patrick + |date = 19 July 2019 + |title = 'Too painful': Kyoto anime fans join prime ministers in mourning fire victims + |url = https://www.theguardian.com/world/2019/jul/19/too-painful-kyoto-anime-fans-join-prime-ministers-in-mourning-fire-victims + |work = [[The Guardian]] + |access-date = 19 July 2019 + |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190719181353/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2019/jul/19/too-painful-kyoto-anime-fans-join-prime-ministers-in-mourning-fire-victims + |archive-date = 19 July 2019 + |url-status = live +}} + +{{cite news + |url = https://www.theguardian.com/world/2019/jul/29/kyoto-animation-suspect-staked-out-anime-locations-before-attack + |title = Kyoto Animation suspect staked out anime locations before arson attack + |first = Gavin + |last = Blair + |date = 29 July 2019 + |newspaper = [[The Guardian]] + |issn = 0261-3077 + |access-date = 29 July 2019 + |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190729045120/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2019/jul/29/kyoto-animation-suspect-staked-out-anime-locations-before-attack + |archive-date = 29 July 2019 + |url-status = live +}} + +{{cite news + |title = Kyoto Animation Arson Attack: Veteran Animator of 'Akira' and Ghibli Feared Dead + |url = https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/kyoto-animation-arson-attack-yoshiji-kigami-veteran-akira-ghibli-feared-dead-1226885 + |accessdate = 2 September 2019 + |work = [[The Hollywood Reporter]] + |date = 24 July 2019 + |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190726180840/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/kyoto-animation-arson-attack-yoshiji-kigami-veteran-akira-ghibli-feared-dead-1226885 + |archive-date = 26 July 2019 + |url-status = live +}} + +{{cite web + |url = https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/kyoto-animation-arson-attack-suspect-submitted-a-novel-company-1228187 + |title = Kyoto Animation Arson Attack: Suspect Had Submitted a Novel to Company + |last = Blair + |first = Gavin J. + |date = 30 July 2019 + |website = [[The Hollywood Reporter]] + |access-date = 31 July 2019 + |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190731071857/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/kyoto-animation-arson-attack-suspect-submitted-a-novel-company-1228187 + |archive-date = 31 July 2019 + |url-status = live +}} + +{{cite web + |url = https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/features/tragedy-an-animation-utopia-picking-up-pieces-wake-a-japanese-massacre-1263818 + |title = Tragedy in an Animation Utopia: Horror, Heartbreak and Mystery After an Arson Massacre + |last1 = Johnson + |first1 = Scott + |last2 = Brzeski + |first2 = Patrick + |date = 20 December 2019 + |website = [[The Hollywood Reporter]] + |access-date = 8 March 2020 + |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200113223248/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/features/tragedy-an-animation-utopia-picking-up-pieces-wake-a-japanese-massacre-1263818 + |archive-date = 13 January 2020 + |url-status = live +}} + +{{cite news + |url = https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/asia/kyoto-animation-fire-japan-kyoani-death-toll-arson-attack-suspect-police-a9010011.html + |title = Kyoto Animation fire: At least 33 dead in arson attack by man yelling 'you die' + |last = Giordano + |first = Chiara + |date = 18 July 2019 + |work = [[The Independent]] + |access-date = 18 July 2019 + |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190718143654/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/asia/kyoto-animation-fire-japan-kyoani-death-toll-arson-attack-suspect-police-a9010011.html + |archive-date = 18 July 2019 + |url-status = live +}} + +{{cite news + |last = Baseel + |first = Casey + |url = https://japantoday.com/category/entertainment/x-japan-front-man-yoshiki-donates-%C2%A510-million-to-kyoto-animation-arson-recovery-fund + |title = X Japan front man Yoshiki donates Â¥10 million to Kyoto Animation arson recovery fund + |newspaper = Japan Today + |date = 2 August 2019 + |accessdate = 3 August 2019 + |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190803024439/https://japantoday.com/category/entertainment/x-japan-front-man-yoshiki-donates-%C2%A510-million-to-kyoto-animation-arson-recovery-fund + |archive-date = 3 August 2019 + |url-status = live +}} + +{{cite web + |url = https://japantoday.com/category/crime/mental-illness-issues-could-make-death-penalty-impossible-for-kyoto-animation-arsonist + |title = Mental illness issues could make death penalty impossible for Kyoto Animation arsonist + |last = Baseel + |first = Casey + |date = 17 August 2019 + |website = japantoday.com + |access-date=17 August 2019 + |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190817153758/https://japantoday.com/category/crime/mental-illness-issues-could-make-death-penalty-impossible-for-kyoto-animation-arsonist + |archive-date = 17 August 2019 + |url-status = live +}} + +{{cite news + |author = + |title = + |script-title = ja:「京アニ」スタジオで爆発＝複数死亡か、負傷３０人以上－放火の疑い、男を確保 + |url = https://www.jiji.com/jc/article?k=2019071800462 + |date = 18 July 2019 + |work = [[Jiji Press]] + |language = ja + |access-date = 18 July 2019 + |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190718222216/https://www.jiji.com/jc/article?k=2019071800462 + |archive-date = 18 July 2019 + |url-status = live +}} + +{{cite news + |url = https://www.jiji.com/jc/article?k=2019111400405&g=soc + |title = 青葉容疑者、京都に転院 リハビリ本格化へ―京アニ放火 + |language = ja + |date = 14 November 2019 + |publisher = [[Jiji Press]] + |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20191114051610/https://www.jiji.com/jc/article?k=2019111400405&g=soc + |archive-date = 14 November 2019 +}} + +{{cite news + |url = https://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2019/07/22/national/crime-legal/kyoto-animation-autopsies-show-least-20-victims-burned-death-suspect-spotted-near-hq-attack/#.XTX0V-SWy70 + |title = Kyoto Animation autopsies show at least 20 victims burned to death; suspect spotted near HQ before attack + |newspaper = [[The Japan Times]] + |access-date = 22 July 2019 + |date = 22 July 2019 + |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190722185248/https://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2019/07/22/national/crime-legal/kyoto-animation-autopsies-show-least-20-victims-burned-death-suspect-spotted-near-hq-attack/#.XTX0V-SWy70 + |archive-date = 22 July 2019 + |url-status = live +}} + +{{cite news + |url = https://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2019/07/30/national/crime-legal/police-detail-suspects-visits-holy-sites-anime-series-ahead-arson-attack-kyoto-studio/ + |title = Police detail suspect's visits to 'holy sites' from anime series ahead of arson attack on Kyoto studio + |date = 30 July 2019 + |work = [[The Japan Times]] + |access-date = 30 July 2019 + |issn = 0447-5763 + |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190730120005/https://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2019/07/30/national/crime-legal/police-detail-suspects-visits-holy-sites-anime-series-ahead-arson-attack-kyoto-studio/ + |archive-date = 30 July 2019 + |url-status = live +}} + +{{cite news + |url = https://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2019/07/31/national/crime-legal/kyoto-animation-admits-record-receiving-draft-novel-arson-suspect/ + |title = Kyoto Animation admits it has record of receiving draft novel from arson suspect + |date = 31 July 2019 + |newspaper = [[The Japan Times]] + |access-date = 31 July 2019 + |archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20190731071553/https://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2019/07/31/national/crime-legal/kyoto-animation-admits-record-receiving-draft-novel-arson-suspect/ + |archive-date = 31 July 2019 + |url-status = live +}} + +{{cite news + |url = https://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2019/08/28/national/police-release-names-remaining-25-victims-kyoto-animation-arson-attack/ + |title = Police release names of remaining 25 victims of Kyoto Animation arson attack + |date = 28 August 2019 + |newspaper = [[The Japan Times]] + |agency = [[Kyodo News]] + |access-date = 8 March 2020 + |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190828081709/https://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2019/08/28/national/police-release-names-remaining-25-victims-kyoto-animation-arson-attack/ + |archive-date = 28 August 2019 + |url-status = live +}} + +{{cite web + |url = https://japantoday.com/category/crime/death-toll-from-arson-attack-on-kyoto-animation-studio-rises-to-36 + |title = Death toll from arson attack on Kyoto Animation studio rises to 36 + |date = 5 October 2019 + |website = japantoday.com + |url-status = dead + |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20191006000605/https://japantoday.com/category/crime/death-toll-from-arson-attack-on-kyoto-animation-studio-rises-to-36 + |archive-date = 6 October 2019 + |access-date = 5 October 2019 +}} + +{{cite web + |url = https://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2019/11/11/national/crime-legal/kyoani-arson-suspect-murder + |title = KyoAni arson suspect 'wanted to hurt many' in attack on studio: sources + |date = 11 November 2019 + |newspaper = [[The Japan Times]] + |agency = [[Jiji Press]] + |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20191113001748/https://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2019/11/11/national/crime-legal/kyoani-arson-suspect-murder/ + |archive-date = 13 November 2019 + |access-date = 8 March 2020 + |url-status = live +}} + +{{cite news + |url = https://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2019/11/22/national/show-resilience-arson-hit-kyoto-animation-continue-training-programs-aspiring-animators/ + |title = In a show of resilience, arson-hit Kyoto Animation to continue training programs for aspiring animators + |last = Sugiyama + |first = Satoshi + |date = 22 November 2019 + |work = The Japan Times Online + |access-date = 9 December 2019 + |language = en-US + |issn = 0447-5763 + |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20191209054528/https://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2019/11/22/national/show-resilience-arson-hit-kyoto-animation-continue-training-programs-aspiring-animators/ + |archive-date = 9 December 2019 + |url-status = live +}} + +{{cite web + |url = https://www.kadokawa.co.jp/topics/3476 + |script-title = ja:株式会社京都アニメーション様での放火事件に関する件 + |date = 21 July 2019 + |website = [[Kadokawa Corporation]] + |language = ja + |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190722065803/https://www.kadokawa.co.jp/topics/3476 + |archive-date = 22 July 2019 + |url-status = live + |access-date = 22 July 2019 +}} + +{{cite web + |url = http://key.visualarts.gr.jp/info/2019/07/post_266.html + |title = Key's deep condolences message about the Kyoto Animation arson attack + |publisher = [[Key (company)|Key]] + |date = 19 July 2019 + |access-date = 21 July 2019 + |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190721132328/http://key.visualarts.gr.jp/info/2019/07/post_266.html + |archive-date = 21 July 2019 + |url-status = live + |language = ja +}} + +{{cite web + |url = https://www.khara.co.jp/2019/07/20/18571/ + |script-title = ja:最新情報 - 株式会社カラー + |website = [[Khara (studio)|Khara]] + |date = 20 July 2019 + |language = ja + |access-date = 20 July 2019 + |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190720135718/https://www.khara.co.jp/2019/07/20/18571/ + |archive-date = 20 July 2019 + |url-status = dead + |title = 最新情報 - 株式会社カラー +}} + +{{cite news + |url = https://www.kobe-np.co.jp/news/sougou/201907/0012546431.shtml + |title = 京都アニメ放火で犠牲 「親思いで仕事も充実していたのに…」津田さん父言葉絞り出す + |language = ja + |work = [[Kobe Shimbun]] + |date = 24 July 2019 + |accessdate = 24 July 2019 + |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190725044905/https://www.kobe-np.co.jp/news/sougou/201907/0012546431.shtml + |archive-date = 25 July 2019 + |url-status = live +}} + +{{cite web + |url = https://headlines.yahoo.co.jp/hl?a=20190719-00010006-kyt-soci + |script-title = ja:京アニ火災、死因は一酸化炭素中毒か 33人死亡、重症者4人は症状重篤 確保の男も治療中 + |work = Kyoto Shimbun + |date = 19 July 2019 + |language = ja + |access-date = 19 July 2019 + |title = + |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190719081517/https://headlines.yahoo.co.jp/hl?a=20190719-00010006-kyt-soci + |archive-date = 19 July 2019 + |url-status = dead +}} + +{{cite web + |title = 京アニ事件容疑者、呼吸器装着で会話できず逮捕未定 発生２カ月 + |date = 17 September 2019 + |work = Kyoto Shimbun + |url = https://www.kyoto-np.co.jp/top/article/20190917000125 + |access-date = 17 September 2019 + |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190918004727/https://www.kyoto-np.co.jp/top/article/20190917000125 + |archive-date = 18 September 2019 + |url-status = dead +}} + +{{cite news + |title = 京アニ事件容疑者「こんなに優しくされたことなかった」 医療スタッフに感謝、転院前の病院で + |newspaper = [[Kyoto Shimbun]] + |date = 15 November 2019 + |url = https://www.kyoto-np.co.jp/articles/-/74638 + |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20191114225214/https://www.kyoto-np.co.jp/articles/-/74638 + |archive-date = 14 November 2019 + |url-status = live +}} + +{{cite web + |url = https://www.kyoto-np.co.jp/articles/-/147643 + |title = ガソリン販売、うそどう見抜く 京アニ放火の余波で１日から規制強化 ｜社会｜地域のニュース｜京都新聞 + |date = 31 Jan 2020 + |website = 京都新聞 + |language = ja + |access-date = 2 April 2020 + |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200131023313/https://www.kyoto-np.co.jp/articles/-/147643 + |archive-date = 31 January 2020 + |url-status = live +}} + +{{cite web + |url = https://www.kyotoanimation.co.jp/information/?id=3072 + |script-title = ja:7月18日に発生した事件について + |date = 21 July 2019 + |website = [[Kyoto Animation]] + |language = ja + |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190721093939/https://www.kyotoanimation.co.jp/information/?id=3072 + |archive-date = 21 July 2019 + |url-status = live + |access-date = 21 July 2019 +}} + +{{cite web + |url = http://www.kyotoanimation.co.jp/information/?id=3075 + |script-title = ja:ご支援の御礼とご案内（初出7月24日、改訂9月13日） + |orig-year = 24 July 2019 + |date = 13 September 2019 + |website = [[Kyoto Animation]] + |language = ja + |access-date = 18 September 2019 + |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190806083452/http://www.kyotoanimation.co.jp/information/?id=3075 + |archive-date = 6 August 2019 + |url-status = live + |title = ご支援の御礼とご案内（初出7月24日、改訂9月13日） +}} + +{{cite news + |url = https://english.kyodonews.net/news/2019/07/6782b9bc8af6-anime-fans-launch-crowdfunding-drive-after-suspected-arson-at-kyoto-studio.html + |title = Anime fans shocked by arson attack at famous Kyoto studio + |author = + |date = 18 July 2019 + |work = [[Kyodo News]] + |access-date = 18 July 2019 + |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190718151130/https://english.kyodonews.net/news/2019/07/6782b9bc8af6-anime-fans-launch-crowdfunding-drive-after-suspected-arson-at-kyoto-studio.html + |archive-date = 18 July 2019 + |url-status = live +}} + +{{cite news + |url = https://english.kyodonews.net/news/2019/07/6a58a2351876-police-search-home-of-kyoto-anime-studio-arson-suspect.html + |title = Kyoto anime studio arson suspect still in serious condition + |author = + |date = 26 July 2019 + |work = [[Kyodo News]] + |access-date = 26 July 2019 + |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190726122943/https://english.kyodonews.net/news/2019/07/6a58a2351876-police-search-home-of-kyoto-anime-studio-arson-suspect.html + |archive-date = 26 July 2019 + |url-status = live +}} + +{{cite news + |url = https://english.kyodonews.net/news/2019/07/41848703b338-kyoto-animation-hopes-to-recover-data-from-server-after-arson-attack.html + |title = Kyoto Animation recovers data from server that survived deadly arson + |author = + |date = 30 July 2019 + |work = [[Kyodo News]] + |access-date = 8 March 2020 + |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190730114736/https://english.kyodonews.net/news/2019/07/41848703b338-kyoto-animation-hopes-to-recover-data-from-server-after-arson-attack.html + |archive-date = 30 July 2019 + |url-status = live +}} + +{{cite web + |url = https://english.kyodonews.net/news/2019/09/144da6db68f5-kyoto-arson-attack-victims-to-be-honored-in-end-credits-of-new-film.html + |title = Kyoto arson attack victims to be honored in end credits of new film + |date = 5 September 2019 + |website = [[Kyodo News]] + |access-date = 18 September 2019 + |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190909053843/https://english.kyodonews.net/news/2019/09/144da6db68f5-kyoto-arson-attack-victims-to-be-honored-in-end-credits-of-new-film.html + |archive-date = 9 September 2019 + |url-status = live +}} + +{{cite web + |url = https://this.kiji.is/546962336673809505 + |script-title = ja:京アニ負傷者34人、全員快方へ + |date = 18 September 2019 + |website = [[Kyodo News]] + |language = ja + |access-date = 18 September 2019 + |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190918131645/https://this.kiji.is/546962336673809505 + |archive-date = 18 September 2019 + |url-status = live + |title = 京アニ負傷者34人、全員快方へ +}} + +{{cite web + |url = https://english.kyodonews.net/news/2019/09/26eabc6c4be8-suspected-arsonist-in-kyoto-studio-attack-regaining-speech-in-hospital.html + |title = Suspected arsonist in Kyoto studio attack regaining speech in hospital + |date = 18 September 2019 + |website = [[Kyodo News]] + |access-date = 18 September 2019 + |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20191212222154/https://english.kyodonews.net/news/2019/09/26eabc6c4be8-suspected-arsonist-in-kyoto-studio-attack-regaining-speech-in-hospital.html + |archive-date = 12 December 2019 + |url-status = live +}} + +{{cite web + |url = 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https://mainichi.jp/english/articles/20190719/p2a/00m/0na/003000c + |title = Suspected arsonist in deadly Kyoto anime studio fire says firm stole his novel + |author = + |date = 19 July 2019 + |work = Mainichi Shimbun + |access-date = 19 July 2019 + |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190719145201/https://mainichi.jp/english/articles/20190719/p2a/00m/0na/003000c + |archive-date = 19 July 2019 + |url-status = live +}} + +{{cite news + |url = https://mainichi.jp/articles/20190723/k00/00m/040/323000c + |script-title = ja:京アニが支援金受け付け口座開設 詳細はホームページに掲載 + |work = Mainichi Shimbun + |date = 23 July 2019 + |language = ja + |access-date = 25 July 2019 + |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190725101016/https://mainichi.jp/articles/20190723/k00/00m/040/323000c + |archive-date = 25 July 2019 + |url-status = dead + |title = Archived copy +}} + +{{cite news + |url = https://mainichi.jp/articles/20190724/k00/00m/040/353000c + |script-title = ja:色彩担当・石田さんの死亡確認 両親「考えるだけで涙が止まらへん」 京アニ放火 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https://www.reuters.com/article/us-japan-fire-arrests/man-arrested-over-deadly-2019-arson-at-japans-kyoto-animation-idUSKBN23303U + |accessdate = 27 May 2020 + |work = [[Reuters]] + |date = 27 May 2020 +}} + +{{cite web + |url = https://blog.sakugabooru.com/2017/03/10/anime-craft-weekly-33-kyoto-animation-studio-tour/ + |title = Anime Craft Weekly #33: Kyoto Animation Studio Tour + |author = kViN + |date = 10 March 2017 + |website = Sakuga Booru + |access-date = 18 July 2019 + |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190513092359/https://blog.sakugabooru.com/2017/03/10/anime-craft-weekly-33-kyoto-animation-studio-tour/ + |archive-date = 13 May 2019 + |url-status = live +}} + +{{cite web + |url = https://blog.sakugabooru.com/2018/08/25/the-evolution-of-kyoto-animation-a-unique-anime-studio-and-its-consistent-vision/ + |title = The Evolution of Kyoto Animation: A Unique Anime Studio and its Consistent Vision + |date = 25 August 2018 + |author = kViN + |website = Sakuga Booru + |access-date = 19 July 2019 + |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20181219055633/https://blog.sakugabooru.com/2018/08/25/the-evolution-of-kyoto-animation-a-unique-anime-studio-and-its-consistent-vision/ + |archive-date = 19 December 2018 + |url-status = live +}} + +{{cite web + |url = https://www.sankei.com/west/news/190718/wst1907180030-n1.html + |script-title = ja:京アニ火災 「パクリやがって」「死ね」液体まいた男が叫ぶ ズボンには火がついたまま… + |language = ja + |access-date = 18 July 2019 + |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190718100032/https://www.sankei.com/west/news/190718/wst1907180030-n1.html + |archive-date = 18 July 2019 + |url-status = live + |date = 18 July 2019 +}} + +{{cite web + |url = https://www.sankei.com/west/news/190718/wst1907180030-n1.html + |script-title = ja:京アニ放火 バケツに向きしゃがむ男、叫び声と同時に炎・煙…発生時の第1スタジオは + |language = ja + |access-date = 8 March 2020 + |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190731144328/https://www.sankei.com/west/news/190731/wst1907310030-n1.html + |archive-date = 31 July 2019 + |url-status = live + |date = 31 July 2019 +}} + +{{cite news + |url = https://news.sky.com/story/several-dead-in-suspected-arson-attack-on-japanese-animation-studio-11765396 + |title = At least 33 dead in suspected arson attack on Japanese animation studio + |author = + |date = 18 July 2019 + |work = [[Sky News]] + |access-date = 18 July 2019 + |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190718062326/https://news.sky.com/story/several-dead-in-suspected-arson-attack-on-japanese-animation-studio-11765396 + |archive-date = 18 July 2019 + |url-status = live +}} + +{{cite web + |url = https://news.sky.com/story/animation-studio-arsonist-accused-of-killing-36-gets-skin-grafts-on-90-of-his-body-11871769 + |title = Animation studio 'arsonist' accused of killing 36 in fire given artificial skin 'expects death sentence' + |last = Culbertson + |first = Alix + |website = Sky News + |language = en + |access-date = 9 December 2019 + |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20191222170406/https://news.sky.com/story/animation-studio-arsonist-accused-of-killing-36-gets-skin-grafts-on-90-of-his-body-11871769 + |archive-date = 22 December 2019 + |url-status = live +}} + +{{cite web + |url = https://soranews24.com/2019/07/25/kyoto-animation-accepting-direct-individual-donations-for-arson-victims-via-special-bank-account/ + |title = Kyoto Animation accepting direct, individual donations for arson victims via special bank account + |date = 25 July 2019 + |website = SoraNews24 + |language = en + |access-date = 25 July 2019 + |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190725100823/https://soranews24.com/2019/07/25/kyoto-animation-accepting-direct-individual-donations-for-arson-victims-via-special-bank-account/ + |archive-date = 25 July 2019 + |url-status = live +}} + +{{cite web + |url = https://soranews24.com/2019/08/01/kyoto-animation-official-donation-account-raises-over-1-billion-yen-us101-million-in-one-week/ + |title = Kyoto Animation official donation account raises over 1 billion yen (US$10.1 million) in one week + |date = 1 August 2019 + |last = Baseel + |first = Casey + |website = SoraNews24 + |access-date = 2 August 2019 + |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190802011426/https://soranews24.com/2019/08/01/kyoto-animation-official-donation-account-raises-over-1-billion-yen-us101-million-in-one-week/ + |archive-date = 2 August 2019 + |url-status = live +}} + +{{cite web + |url = https://soranews24.com/2019/08/09/kyoto-animation-arson-victim-returns-to-work-calls-it-ultimate-counterattack-to-arsonist/ + |title = Kyoto Animation arson victim returns to work, calls it "ultimate counterattack" to arsonist + |date = 9 August 2019 + |website = SoraNews24 + |language = en + |access-date = 9 December 2019 + |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190812102422/https://soranews24.com/2019/08/09/kyoto-animation-arson-victim-returns-to-work-calls-it-ultimate-counterattack-to-arsonist/ + |archive-date = 12 August 2019 + |url-status = live +}} + +{{cite web + |url = https://soranews24.com/2019/10/21/over-80-percent-of-kyoto-animation-employees-injured-in-arson-attack-have-returned-to-work/ + |title = Over 80 percent of Kyoto Animation employees injured in arson attack have returned to work + |last = Baseel + |first = Casey + |date = 21 October 2019 + |website = SoraNews24 -Japan News- + |language = en + |access-date = 9 December 2019 + |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20191216190004/https://soranews24.com/2019/10/21/over-80-percent-of-kyoto-animation-employees-injured-in-arson-attack-have-returned-to-work/ + |archive-date = 16 December 2019 + |url-status = live +}} + +{{cite web + |url = https://soranews24.com/2019/11/15/kyoto-animation-has-a-touchingly-kind-plan-to-distribute-its-3-2-billion-yen-in-arson-donations/ + |title = Kyoto Animation has a touchingly kind plan to distribute its 3.2 billion yen in arson donations + |date = 14 November 2019 + |website = SoraNews24 + |language = en + |access-date = 9 December 2019 + |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20191218082614/https://soranews24.com/2019/11/15/kyoto-animation-has-a-touchingly-kind-plan-to-distribute-its-3-2-billion-yen-in-arson-donations/ + |archive-date = 18 December 2019 + |url-status = live +}} + +{{cite web + |url = https://soranews24.com/2019/12/23/kyoto-animation-closing-donation-account-for-arson-attack-victims-soon/ + |title = Kyoto Animation closing donation account for arson attack victims soon + |date = 23 December 2019 + |website = SoraNews24 -Japan News- + |language = en + |access-date = 10 January 2020 + |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200113084455/https://soranews24.com/2019/12/23/kyoto-animation-closing-donation-account-for-arson-attack-victims-soon/ + |archive-date = 13 January 2020 + |url-status = live +}} + +{{cite web + |url = https://soranews24.com/2019/12/26/residents-dont-want-kyoto-animation-to-build-monument-memorial-park-to-victims-at-arson-site/ + |title = Residents don't want Kyoto Animation to build monument, memorial park to victims at arson site + |date = 26 December 2019 + |website = SoraNews24 -Japan News- + |language = en + |access-date = 7 January 2020 + |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200113084457/https://soranews24.com/2019/12/26/residents-dont-want-kyoto-animation-to-build-monument-memorial-park-to-victims-at-arson-site/ + |archive-date = 13 January 2020 + |url-status = live +}} + +{{cite news + |url = https://headlines.yahoo.co.jp/hl?a=20190719-00000173-spnannex-ent + |script-title = ja:京都アニメーション・八田社長が会見「堪えきれない。こんな大惨事になるとは…」 + |author = + |date = 19 July 2019 + |work = Sponichi Annex + |language = ja + |access-date = 19 July 2019 + |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190719110545/https://headlines.yahoo.co.jp/hl?a=20190719-00000173-spnannex-ent + |archive-date = 19 July 2019 + |url-status = dead + |title = +}} + +{{cite web + |url = https://www.straitstimes.com/asia/east-asia/spiral-stairs-no-sprinklers-may-have-contributed-to-deadly-japan-animation-studio + |title = Spiral stairs, no sprinklers may have contributed to deadly Japan animation studio fire + |work = [[The Straits Times]] + |date = 19 July 2019 + |language = en + |access-date = 19 July 2019 + |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190719165454/https://www.straitstimes.com/asia/east-asia/spiral-stairs-no-sprinklers-may-have-contributed-to-deadly-japan-animation-studio + |archive-date = 19 July 2019 + |url-status = live +}} + +{{cite web + |url = http://www.sunrise-inc.co.jp/news/releasenews.php?id=105 + |script-title = ja:株式会社京都アニメーション様へ｜重要なお知らせ｜サンライズ + |author1 = 株式会社サンライズ + |author2 = 株式会社バンダイナムコピクチャーズ + |author3 = 株式会社SUNRISE BEYOND + |author4 = 株式会社サンライズミュージック + |date = 19 July 2019 + |website = [[Sunrise (company)|Sunrise]] + |language = ja + |access-date = 19 July 2019 + |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190719160210/http://www.sunrise-inc.co.jp/news/releasenews.php?id=105 + |archive-date = 19 July 2019 + |url-status = live +}} + +{{cite news + |url = https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2019/11/27/japan-doctors-use-experimental-skin-treatment-studio-arsonist/ + |title = Japan doctors use experimental skin treatment on studio arsonist to save donor skin for his victims + |last = Ryall + |first = Julian + |date = 27 November 2019 + |work = The Telegraph + |access-date = 9 December 2019 + |language = en-GB + |issn = 0307-1235 + |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20191209053515/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2019/11/27/japan-doctors-use-experimental-skin-treatment-studio-arsonist/ + |archive-date = 9 December 2019 + |url-status = live +}} + +{{cite tweet + |url = https://twitter.com/ToonamiSquad/status/1152789498226446336 + |title = Toonami Squad On Twitter:Help @KyoAni Heal! #HelpKyoAniHeal + |user = ToonamiSquad + |number = 1152789498226446336 + |first = + |last = + |date = 20 July 2019 +}} + +{{cite web + |url = https://www.tokyoreporter.com/crime/more-than-20-feared-dead-suspected-arson-attack-at-kyoto-animation/ + |title = More than 20 feared dead in suspected arson attack at Kyoto Animation + |author = Tokyo Reporter Staff + |date = 18 July 2019 + |accessdate = 18 July 2019 + |work = Tokyo Reporter + |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190718124137/https://www.tokyoreporter.com/crime/more-than-20-feared-dead-suspected-arson-attack-at-kyoto-animation/ + |archive-date = 18 July 2019 + |url-status = live +}} + +{{cite web + |url = http://www.st-trigger.co.jp/news/1208/ + |title = Kyoto Animation - Trigger + |script-title = ja:株式会社トリガー + |date = 20 July 2019 + |website = [[Trigger (studio)|Trigger]] + |language = ja + |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190720151701/http://www.st-trigger.co.jp/news/1208/ + |archive-date = 20 July 2019 + |url-status = live + |access-date = 20 July 2019 +}} + +{{cite tweet + |user = ambafrancejp + |number = 1151762529254817792 + |author-link = French Embassy, Tokyo + |title = Le Mot de l'Ambassadeur : Message de condoléances à la suite de l'incendie des studios de Kyoto Animation. + |date = 18 July 2019 + |language = fr + |access-date = 18 July 2019 +}} + +{{cite tweet + |user = madhouse_news + |author = Madhouse + |author-link = Madhouse (company) + |number = 1152133605369364481 + |script-title = ja:この度の、株式会社京都アニメーション放火・火災事件の報にふれ、被害に遭われた皆様、ご家族・関係者の皆様に、心よりお悔やみとお見舞いを申し上げます。また、お怪我をされ、治療・療養中の皆様におかれましても、一刻も早いご回復を、心よりお祈り致します。 + |date = 19 July 2019 + |language = ja + |access-date = 21 July 2019 +}} + +{{cite tweet + |user = shaft_official + |author = Shaft + |author-link = Shaft (company) + |number = 1152186475783454721 + |script-title = ja:京都アニメーション様が被害に遭われた事件につき、余りに理不尽な出来事に憤りを覚えると共に、失われたものの大きさを思うと無念で悲しくてなりません。亡くなられた方に心よりお悔やみ申し上げます。また、負傷された方や関係者の皆様の早期回復をお祈りしております。シャフトアニメスタッフ一同 + |date = 19 July 2019 + |language = ja + |access-date = 19 July 2019 +}} + +{{cite tweet + |user = disneyjp + |author-link = The Walt Disney Company Asia Pacific + |number = 1152434613496586240 + |script-title = ja:アニメーションを愛し、その力を信じる企業として、京都アニメーションに起きた事件に、ディズニー社員一同ショックを受け、心を痛めています。亡くなられた方々のご冥福をお祈りすると共に、ご遺族や友人の皆様に心から哀悼の意を捧げます。 #prayforKyoani + |date = 20 July 2019 + |language = ja +}} + +{{cite tweet + |author = ヴァイオレット・エヴァーガーデン Official Twitter + |user = Violet_Letter + |number = 1155087126569971712 + |date = 27 July 2019 + |title = + |script-title = ja:『ヴァイオレット・エヴァーガーデン 外伝 - 永遠と自動手記人形 -』公式サイトをオープンしました。
2019年9月6日ー9月26日まで3週間限定上映。
＊上映期間が2週間から3週間に変更となりましたのでご了承ください。 + |trans-title = + |language = ja + |access-date = 18 September 2019 +}} + +{{cite web + |url = https://news.un.org/en/story/2019/07/1042841 + |title = UN stands in solidarity with Japan following deadly arson attack at leading animation studio in Kyoto + |work = [[United Nations|UN]] News + |date = 19 July 2019 + |access-date = 19 July 2019 + |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190720140309/https://news.un.org/en/story/2019/07/1042841 + |archive-date = 20 July 2019 + |url-status = live +}} + +{{cite web + |url = https://variety.com/2019/film/asia/revenge-motive-possibly-sparked-kyoto-animation-arson-attack-1203272796/ + |title = Revenge Motive May Have Sparked Kyoto Animation Arson Attack + |last1 = Bull + |first1 = Brett + |last2 = Frater + |first2 = Patrick + |date = 19 July 2019 + |website = Variety + |access-date = 19 July 2019 + |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190719133853/https://variety.com/2019/film/asia/revenge-motive-possibly-sparked-kyoto-animation-arson-attack-1203272796/ + |archive-date = 19 July 2019 + |url-status = live +}} + +{{cite web + |url=https://variety.com/2019/film/asia/kyoto-animation-kyoani-dead-yasuhiro-takemoto-futoshi-nishiya-1203290721/ + |title = Directors Yasuhiro Takemoto, Futoshi Nishiya Among Kyoto Animation Dead + |first = Mark + |last = Schilling + |date = 3 August 2019 + |access-date = 3 August 2019 + |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190803040917/https://variety.com/2019/film/asia/kyoto-animation-kyoani-dead-yasuhiro-takemoto-futoshi-nishiya-1203290721/ + |archive-date = 3 August 2019 + |url-status = live +}} + +{{cite news + |last1 = Rich + |first1 = Motoko + |title = Suspected Arson at Kyoto Animation Studio Kills 33, Shocking Japan + |url = https://www.nytimes.com/2019/07/17/world/asia/japan-fire-animation-studio.html + |access-date = 23 July 2019 + |work = [[The New York Times]] + |date = 17 July 2019 + |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190718210432/https://www.nytimes.com/2019/07/17/world/asia/japan-fire-animation-studio.html + |archive-date = 18 July 2019 + |url-status = live + |url-access = +}} + +{{cite news + |url = https://www.yomiuri.co.jp/national/20190720-OYT1T50170/ + |script-title = ja:全焼スタジオ、取り壊して公園に…京アニ社長 + |language = ja + |date = 20 July 2019 + |work = [[Yomiuri Shimbun]] + |access-date = 20 July 2019 + |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190720124350/https://www.yomiuri.co.jp/national/20190720-OYT1T50170/ + |archive-date = 20 July 2019 + |url-status = dead + |title = 全焼スタジオ、取り壊して公園に…京アニ社長 +}} + +{{cite news + |url = https://www.yomiuri.co.jp/national/20191018-OYT1T50287/ + |script-title = ja:「犠牲者の志つなぐ」京アニ社長、アニメ制作継続の決意語る + |language = ja + |date = 18 October 2019 + |work = [[Yomiuri Shimbun]] + |access-date = 8 March 2020 + |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20191027055537/https://www.yomiuri.co.jp/national/20191018-OYT1T50287/ + |archive-date = 27 October 2019 + |url-status = live +}} + +}} + +==External links== +*{{commons category-inline|Kyoto Animation arson attack}} +{{Kyoto Animation}} +{{Fushimi-ku, Kyoto}} +{{Portal bar|Anime and manga|Law|Japan}} + +[[Category:2019 murders in Japan]] +[[Category:2019 fires in Asia]] +[[Category:2019 in animation]] +[[Category:Arson in Japan]] +[[Category:Arson in the 2010s]] +[[Category:Attacks on buildings and structures in 2019]] +[[Category:Attacks on buildings and structures in Asia]] +[[Category:Attacks on office buildings]] +[[Category:Building and structure fires in Japan]] +[[Category:Commercial building fires]] +[[Category:Murder in Kyoto]] +[[Category:Disasters in Kyoto]] +[[Category:July 2019 crimes in Asia]] +[[Category:July 2019 events in Japan]] +[[Category:Kyoto Animation|Arson]] +[[Category:Urban fires in Asia]] diff --git a/en.wikipedia.org/La_Belle_Dame_sans_Merci/article.txt b/en.wikipedia.org/La_Belle_Dame_sans_Merci/article.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..b27d231 --- /dev/null +++ b/en.wikipedia.org/La_Belle_Dame_sans_Merci/article.txt @@ -0,0 +1,678 @@ +{{For|the 15th-century poem by Alain Chartier|La Belle Dame sans Mercy}} + +[[File:John William Waterhouse - La Belle Dame sans Merci (1893).jpg|thumb|[[John William Waterhouse]] – ''La belle dame sans merci'', 1893]] +[[File:Henry Meynell Rheam - La Belle Dame sans Merci.jpg|thumb|''La Belle Dame sans Merci'' by [[Henry Meynell Rheam]], 1901]] +[[File:Arthur Hugues - La belle dame sans merci.jpg|thumb|[[Arthur Hughes (artist)|Arthur Hughes]] – ''La belle dame sans merci'']] +[[File:Dicksee Frank, La Belle Dame Sans Mersi.jpg|thumb|[[Frank Dicksee]] – ''La belle dame sans merci'', c. 1901]] +[[File:La Belle Dame sans Merci - Punch cartoon - Project Gutenberg eText 19105.png|thumb|''[[Punch (magazine)|Punch]]'' magazine cartoon, 1920]] + +"'''La Belle Dame sans Merci'''" ("The Beautiful Lady Without Mercy") is a [[ballad]] produced by the [[England|English]] poet [[John Keats]] in 1819. The title was derived from the title of a 15th-century poem by [[Alain Chartier]] called ''[[La Belle Dame sans Mercy]]''. + +Considered an English classic, the poem is an example of Keats' poetic preoccupation with love and death. The poem is about a [[fairy]] who condemns a knight to an unpleasant fate after she seduces him with her eyes and singing. The fairy inspired several artists to paint images that became early examples of 19th-century ''[[femme fatale]]'' iconography. The poem continues to be referenced in many works of literature, music, art, and film. + +==Poem== +The poem is simple in structure with twelve [[stanza]]s of four lines each in an ABCB [[rhyme scheme]]. Below is both the original and revised version of the poem.: + +{| +|- +! The original version, 1819 !! !! The revised version, 1820 +|- +| +O what can ail thee, knight-at-arms,
+Alone and palely loitering?
+The sedge has withered from the lake,
+And no birds sing!
+
+O what can ail thee, knight-at-arms,
+So haggard and so woe-begone?
+The squirrel’s granary is full,
+And the harvest’s done.
+
+I see a lily on thy brow,
+With anguish moist and fever-dew,
+And on thy cheeks a fading rose
+Fast withereth too.
+
+I met a lady in the meads,
+Full beautiful, a fairy’s child;
+Her hair was long, her foot was light,
+And her eyes were wild.
+
+I made a garland for her head,
+And bracelets too, and fragrant zone;
+She looked at me as she did love,
+And made sweet moan.
+
+I set her on my pacing steed,
+And nothing else saw all day long,
+For sidelong would she bend, and sing
+A faery’s song.
+
+She found me roots of relish sweet,
+And honey wild, and manna-dew,
+And sure in language strange she said—
+‘I love thee true’.
+
+She took me to her Elfin grot,
+And there she wept and sighed full sore,
+And there I shut her wild, wild eyes
+With kisses four.
+
+And there she lullèd me asleep,
+And there I dreamed—Ah! woe betide!—
+The latest dream I ever dreamt
+On the cold hill side.
+
+I saw pale kings and princes too,
+Pale warriors, death-pale were they all;
+They cried—‘La Belle Dame sans Merci
+Hath thee in thrall!’
+
+I saw their starved lips in the gloam,
+With horrid warning gapèd wide,
+And I awoke and found me here,
+On the cold hill’s side.
+
+And this is why I sojourn here,
+Alone and palely loitering,
+Though the sedge is withered from the lake,
+And no birds sing. + || || +O what can ail thee, wretched wight,
+Alone and palely loitering?
+The sedge is wither'd from the lake,
+And no birds sing.
+
+Ah, what can ail thee, wretched wight,
+So haggard and so woe-begone?
+The squirrel’s granary is full,
+And the harvest’s done.
+
+I see a lily on thy brow,
+With anguish moist and fever-dew,
+And on thy cheek a fading rose
+Fast withereth too.
+
+I met a lady in the meads,
+Full beautiful, a faery’s child;
+Her hair was long, her foot was light,
+And her eyes were wild.
+
+I set her on my pacing steed,
+And nothing else saw all day long,
+For sideways would she lean, and sing
+A faery’s song.
+
+I made a garland for her head,
+And bracelets too, and fragrant zone;
+She look'd at me as she did love,
+And made sweet moan.
+
+She found me roots of relish sweet,
+And honey wild, and manna dew,
+And sure in language strange she said.—
+I love thee true.
+
+She took me to her elfin grot,
+And there she gaz'd and sighed deep,
+And there I shut her wild sad eyes
+So kiss'd to sleep.
+
+And there we slumber'd on the moss,
+And there I dream'd, ah woe betide!—
+The latest dream I ever dream'd
+On the cold hill side.
+
+I saw pale kings, and princes too,
+Pale warriors, death-pale were they all;
+Who cry'd—‘La Belle Dame sans Merci
+Hath thee in thrall!’
+
+I saw their starv'd lips in the gloam,
+With horrid warning gaped wide,
+And I awoke, and found me here,
+On the cold hill’s side.
+
+And this is why I sojourn here,
+Alone and palely loitering,
+Though the sedge is withered from the lake,
+And no birds sing. + +|} + +==Inspiration== +In 2019 literary scholars [[Richard Marggraf Turley]] and Jennifer Squire proposed that the ballad may have been inspired by the tomb effigy of [[Richard FitzAlan, 10th Earl of Arundel]] (d. 1376) in [[Chichester Cathedral]]. At the time of Keats' visit in 1819, the effigy stood mutilated and separated from that of Arundel's second wife, [[Eleanor of Lancaster]] (d. 1372), in the northern outer aisle. The figures were reunited and restored by Edward Richardson in 1843, and later inspired [[Philip Larkin]]'s 1956 poem "[[An Arundel Tomb]]".{{cite web |title=Old sketches, maps and gothic effigies unlock secrets of John Keats's famous poem 'La Belle Dame Sans Merci' |publisher=Aberystwyth University |date=16 May 2019 |url=https://www.aber.ac.uk/en/news/archive/2019/05/title-223178-en.html?bblinkid=160156052&bbemailid=13965598&bbejrid=1065862831 |accessdate=25 December 2019 }}{{cite web |first=Richard |last=Marggraf Turley |author-link=Richard Marggraf Turley |title=How a stone knight inspired two very different visions of love from John Keats and Philip Larkin |publisher=The Conversation |date=16 July 2019 |url=https://theconversation.com/how-a-stone-knight-inspired-two-very-different-visions-of-love-from-john-keats-and-philip-larkin-120377 |accessdate=25 December 2019 }} + +== In other media == + +=== Visual depictions === +{{Commons category|La Belle Dame sans Merci}} +"La Belle Dame sans Merci" was a popular subject for the [[Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood]]. It was depicted by [[Frank Dicksee]], [[Frank Cadogan Cowper]], [[John William Waterhouse]], [[Arthur Hughes (artist)|Arthur Hughes]], [[Walter Crane]], and Henry Maynell Rheam. It was also satirized in the 1 December 1920 edition of ''[[Punch (magazine)|Punch]]'' magazine. + +=== Musical settings === +Around 1910, [[Charles Villiers Stanford]] produced a musical setting for the poem. It is a dramatic interpretation requiring a skilled (male) vocalist and equally skilled accompanist. In the 21st century it remains popular and is included on many anthologies of English song or British Art Music recorded by famous artists.{{Cite web|url=https://www.hyperion-records.co.uk/tw.asp?w=W6062|title=La belle dame sans merci - Hyperion Records - CDs, MP3 and Lossless downloads|website=www.hyperion-records.co.uk|access-date=2019-04-08}} + +In 1935, [[Patrick Hadley]] wrote a version of the Stanford score for tenor, [[SATB|four-part chorus]], and orchestra. + +A setting of the poem, in German translation, appears on the 2009 music album ''Buch der Balladen'' by [[Faun (band)|Faun]]. + +A lyrical, mystical musical setting of this poem has been composed by [[Loreena McKennitt]], published in her 2018 CD ''Lost Souls''. + +=== Film === +The 1915 American film ''[[The Poet of the Peaks]]'' was based upon the poem. + +The 2009 stop-action animated fantasy film ''[[Coraline]]'' directed by Henry Selick refers to the malevolent Other Mother as "beldam". The film includes a similar theme of entrapment by a seemingly beautiful loving woman. + +===Books === +The poem is mentioned in the story entitled "The case of Three Gables" from the 1893 book ''[[The Memoirs of Sherlock Holmes]]'' by Sir [[Arthur Conan Doyle]]. In it Holmes compares and matches the character sketch of Isadora Klein with La Belle Dame sans Merci. + +In Agatha Christie's 1936 mystery novel ''[[Murder in Mesopotamia]]'', the plot is centered upon an unusual woman named Louise Leidner who is described multiple times as "a kind of Belle Dame sin Merci". One character describes her as possessing a "calamitous magic that plays the devil with things". + +[[Vladimir Nabokov]]'s books ''[[The Real Life of Sebastian Knight]]'' (1941), ''[[Lolita]]'' (1955) and ''[[Pale Fire]]'' (1962) allude to the poem. + +The last two lines of the first verse ("The sedge has withered from the lake/And no birds sing") were used as an epigraph for [[Rachel Carson]]'s book ''[[Silent Spring]]'' (1962), about the environmental damage caused by the irresponsible use of pesticides. The second line was repeated later in the book, as the title of a chapter about their specific effects on birds. + +The last two lines of the 11th verse are used as the title of a science fiction short story, "And I awoke and found me here on the cold hill's side" (1973) by [[James Tiptree, Jr.]]. + +[[Roger Zelazny]]'s ''Amber Chronicles'' refer to the poem in Chapter Five of ''The Courts of Chaos'' (1978) wherein the protagonist journeys to a land that resembles the poem. + +[[John Kennedy Toole]]'s novel ''[[A Confederacy of Dunces]]'' (1980) alludes to the poem in initially describing the main character's home. + +[[Farley Mowat]]'s 1980 memoir of his experiences in World War II is entitled ''And No Birds Sang''. + +''[[Pale Kings and Princes]]'', a 1987 [[Spenser (character)|Spenser]] novel by [[Robert B. Parker]], takes its title from the poem. + +The line is also featured in [[Philip Roth]]'s ''The Human Stain'' (2000) in reaction to Coleman describing his new, far younger love interest. + +In Chapter 32 of [[Kristine Smith]]'s novel ''Law Of Survival'' (2001) the protagonist, Jani, reveals her true hybrid eyes to the general public for the first time, then she asks another character, Niall, what she looks like. Niall smiles and quotes a snippet of La Belle Dame sans Merci and gives Keats credit for his words. + +The Beldam in Neil Gaiman's 2002 horror-fantasy novel ''[[Coraline]]'' references the mysterious woman who is also known as Belle Dame. Both share many similarities as both lure their protagonists into their lair by showing their love towards them and giving them treats to enjoy. The protagonists in both stories also encounter the ghosts who have previously met both women and warn the protagonist about their true colours and at the end of the story, the protagonist is stuck in their lair, with the exception of Coraline who managed to escape while the unnamed knight in this poem is still stuck in the mysterious fairy's lair. + +[[L. A. Meyer]]'s ''Bloody Jack'' series (2002-2014) features a take on La Belle Dame sans Merci, adapted to reflect the protagonists age. Mary "Jacky" Faber became known as "La belle jeune fille sans merci". + +In ''Hunting Ground'' (2009) by [[Patricia Briggs]], La Belle Dame sans Merci is identified as The Lady of the Lake and is a hidden antagonist. + +[[David Foster Wallace]]'s 2011 novel ''[[The Pale King]]'' alludes to the poem in its title. + +[[Cassandra Clare]]'s 2016 collection of novellas ''[[Tales From the Shadowhunter Academy]]'' includes a novella titled Pale Kings and Princes, named after the line "I saw pale kings and princes too/Pale warriors, death-pale were they all". Three of the poem's stanzas are also excerpted in the story. + +The last two lines of the first verse ("The sedge has withered from the lake/And no birds sing") are used in the text of the 2019 Nebula award-winning science fiction story "This Is How You Lose The Time War" by Amal El-Mohtar and Max Gladstone (2019)"This Is How You Lose The Time War" by Amal El-Mohtar and Max Gladstone (Saga books, 2019) + +===Television=== +{{Expand section | date = November 2018}} + +''[[Rosemary & Thyme]]'' - Season 1, Episode 1 + +[[Californication (TV series)|''Californication'']] - Season 1, Episode 5 + +''[[Downton Abbey]]'' - Season 6, Episode 5 + +''[[Victoria (UK TV series)|Victoria]]'' - Season 2, Episode 3 + +===Other=== +In a March 2017 interview with ''[[The Quietus]]'' the English songwriter and musician [[John Lydon]] cited the poem as a favourite. + +In the popular trading card game, ''Magic the Gathering'', the card 'Merieke Ri Berit' is modeled after this poem.{{Cite web|title=Merieke Ri Berit|url=https://mtg.gamepedia.com/Merieke_Ri_Berit|access-date=2020-06-12|website=MTG Wiki|language=en}} + +==References== +{{Reflist|refs= + +{{cite web + |url = http://www.lib.rochester.edu/camelot/teams/sym4int.htm + |title = La Belle Dame sans Mercy – Introduction + |author = Dana M. Symons + |year = 2004 + |work = Chaucerian Dream Visions and Complaints + |publisher = Medieval Institute Publications + |access-date = 2018-11-30 + |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20180627144305/http://d.lib.rochester.edu/teams/text/symons-chaucerian-dream-visions-and-complaints-la-belle-dame-sans-mercy-introduction + |archive-date = 2018-06-27 + |url-status = dead +}} + +{{cite book +| last = Everest +| first = Kelvin +| author2 = British Council +| author2-link = British Council +| date = 2002 +| title = John Keats +| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=9vZaAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA86 +| publisher = Northcote House +| isbn = 9780746308073 +| oclc = 50526132 +| page = 86 +}} + +{{cite AV media +| url = https://www.facebook.com/TheQuietus/videos/1341715772538876/ +| title = The Quietus - John Lydon Official interview LIVE +| date = 2017-03-21 +| publisher = Facebook +| language = en +| access-date = 2018-11-30 +}} + +{{cite book +| title = Ten thousand light-years from home +| url = https://archive.org/details/tenthousandlight00tipt +| url-access = registration +| chapter = And I Awoke and Found Me Here on the Cold Hill's Side +| last = Tiptree +| first = James Jr. +| date = 1973 +| publisher = [[Ace Books]] +| location = New York +| oclc = 50687237 +}} + +{{cite book +| title = [[Silent Spring]] +| last = Carson +| first = Rachel +| date = 2002 +| publisher = [[Houghton Mifflin]] +| location = Cambridge, Massachusetts +| author-link = Rachel Carson +| oclc = 806409808 +| isbn = 9780618249060 +}} + +{{cite book +| title = [[The Human Stain]] +| last = Roth +| first = Philip +| date = 2000 +| publisher = [[Houghton Mifflin]] +| author-link = Philip Roth +| oclc = 930877308 +| page = 27 +}} + +{{cite book +| title = Coraline +| last = Gaiman +| first = Neil +| date = 2002 +| location = London +| publisher = [[Bloomsbury Publishing]] +| author-link = Neil Gaiman +| oclc = 441090183 +| isbn = 9780747558781 +}} + +{{cite book +| title = [[Tales From the Shadowhunter Academy]] +| last = Clare +| first = Cassandra +| date = 2016 +| location = London +| publisher = [[Walker Books]] +| oclc = 1028442554 +| isbn = 9781406362848 +}} + +{{cite book |title = Hunting Ground + |last = Briggs + |first = Patricia + |date = 2009 + |location = New York + |publisher = Berkley Pub. Group + |oclc = 865278362 + |isbn = 9780441017386 + |author-link = Patricia Briggs + |url-access = registration + |url = https://archive.org/details/huntingground00brig +}} + +{{cite book +| title = [[The Pale King]] +| last = Wallace +| first = David Foster +| date = 2011 +| location = London +| publisher = Hamish Hamilton +| oclc = 729687079 +| isbn = 9780241144800 +| author-link = David Foster Wallace +}} + +{{cite book +| title = [[The Memoirs of Sherlock Holmes]] +| last = Doyle +| first = Arthur Conan +| date = 1893 +| author-link = Arthur Conan Doyle +}} + +{{cite book +| title = And No Birds Sang +| last = Mowat +| first = Farley +| date = 1979 +| location = London +| publisher = Cassell +| oclc = 16557956 +| isbn = 9780304307470 +| author-link = Farley Mowat +}} + +{{cite book +| title = Chronicles of Amber. Volume II +| chapter = Chapter 5, The Courts of Chaos +| last = Zelazny +| first = Roger +| date = 1978 +| location = Garden City, New York +| publisher = Nelson Doubleday Pub. +| oclc = 316235986 +| author-link = Roger Zelazny +}} + +{{cite book +| title = [[A Confederacy of Dunces]] +| last = Toole +| first = John Kennedy +| date = 1980 +| location = Baton Rouge +| publisher = Louisiana State University Press +| oclc = 318457173 +| isbn = 9780807106570 +| author-link = John Kennedy Toole +}} + +{{cite book +| title = Law of Survival +| url = https://archive.org/details/lawofsurvival0000smit +| url-access = registration +| chapter = 32 +| last = Smith +| first = Kristine +| date = 2001 +| location = New York, NY +| publisher = Eos Books +| oclc = 48105904 +| isbn = 9780380807857 +| author-link = Kristine Smith +}} + +{{cite AV media +| people = Eason, Reaves (Director) +| date = 1915-04-12 +| title = The Poet of the Peaks +| medium = motion picture +| language = English +| time = +| location = USA +| publisher = Mutual Film +| oclc = +}} + +{{cite AV media +| people = Henry Selick (Director) +| date = 2009 +| title = Coraline +| medium = motion picture +| language = English +| location = USA +| publisher = Focus Features +| oclc = 895036872 +}} + +{{cite AV media +| people = McKennitt, Loreena (Artist) +| date = 2018 +| title = Lost Souls +| medium = audio compact disc +| location = New York, NY +| publisher = Universal Music Enterprises +| oclc = 1048033767 +}} + +{{cite AV media +| people = Faun (Album) +| date = 2009 +| title = Buch Der Balladen +| trans-title = Book of Ballads +| medium = audio compact disc +| oclc = 1010338374 +| asin = B00CV9225E +| at = track 10 "Belle Dame Sana Merci" +}} + +{{cite AV media +| people = Stanford, Charles Villiers (music), Keats, John (words) +| date = 1910 +| title = La belle dame sans merci : ballad (For voice and piano) +| medium = musical score +| location = London +| publisher = Augener & Co. +| oclc = 433495401 +}} + +{{cite AV media +| people = Hadley, Patrick (music), Keats, John (words) +| date = 1935 +| title = La belle dame sans merci +| medium = printed musical score +| location = London +| publisher = Curwen +| oclc = 24862985 +}} + +{{Cite episode + | title = LOL + | episode-link = List_of_Californication_episodes#Season_1_(2007) + | series = Californication + | series-link = Californication (TV series) + | first = Tom + | last = Kampinos + | network = Showtime + | date = 2007-09-10 + | season = 1 + | number = 5 + | language = English + | oclc = 941908978 +}} + +{{Cite episode + | title = And No Birds Sing + | episode-link = Rosemary_%26_Thyme#Series_1_(2003) + | series = Rosemary & Thyme + | series-link = Rosemary & Thyme + | first1 = Brian + | last1 = Eastman + | first2 = Clive + | last2 = Exton + | network = ITV + | date = 2003-08-31 + | season = 1 + | number = 1 + | language = English + | oclc = 1040647468 +}} + +{{Cite episode + | title = Episode 5 + | episode-link = List_of_Downton_Abbey_episodes#Series_6_(2015) + | series = Downton Abbey + | series-link = Downton Abbey + | first = Fellowes + | last = Julian + | network = ITV + | date = 2015-10-18 + | season = 6 + | number = 5 + | language = English + | oclc = 932137942 +}} + +{{Cite episode + | title = Warp and Weft + | episode-link = Victoria_(UK_TV_series)#Series_2_(2017) + | series = Victoria + | series-link = Victoria (UK TV series) + | first = Sax + | last = Geoffrey + | network = ITV + | date = 2017-09-10 + | season = 2 + | number = 3 + | language = English + | oclc = 1026276682 +}} + +{{cite book +| title = The Poems of John Keats +| url = https://archive.org/details/poemsofjohnkeats00keat +| last = Keats +| first = John +| author-link = John Keats +| editor-last = Sélincourt +| editor-first = Ernest De +| editor-link = Ernest de Sélincourt +| date = 1905 +| location = New York +| publisher = Dodd, Mead & Company +| pages = [https://archive.org/details/poemsofjohnkeats00keat/page/244 244]-247 +| oclc = 11128824 +}} + +{{cite book +| title = Oxford Book of English Verse 1250-1900 +| url = https://www.bartleby.com/101/633.html +| last = Keats +| first = John +| author-link = John Keats +| editor-last = Quiller-Couch +| editor-first = Sir Arthur Thomas +| editor-link = Sir Arthur Thomas Quiller-Couch +| date = 1919 +| location = Oxford +| publisher = Clarendon Press +| pages = https://www.bartleby.com/101/633.html +| oclc = 1171806391 +}} + +{{Citation +| last = Crane +| first = Walter T. +| year = 1865 +| title = Le belle Dame Sans Merci +| publisher = Wikimedia Commons, the free media repository +| url = https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Walter_T._Crane_-_La_belle_Dame_Sans_Merci_(1865).jpg&oldid=290464764 +| access-date = 2018-11-30 +}} + +{{Citation +| last = Waterhouse +| first = John William +| year = 1893 +| title = La Belle Dame Sans Merci +| publisher = Wikimedia Commons, the free media repository +| url = https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:La_Belle_Dame_Sans_Merci,_by_John_William_Waterhouse,_1893,_oil_on_canvas_-_Hessisches_Landesmuseum_Darmstadt_-_Darmstadt,_Germany_-_DSC01228.jpg&oldid=260668475 +| access-date = 2018-11-30 +}} + +{{Citation +| last = Frank +| first = Dicksee +| year = 1890 +| title = La Belle Dame Sans Merci +| publisher = Wikimedia Commons, the free media repository +| url = https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Redgirl_and_knight02.jpg&oldid=309188121 +| access-date = 2018-11-30 +}} + +{{Citation +| last = Rheam +| first = Henry Meynell +| year = 1901 +| title = La Belle Dame sans Merci +| publisher = Wikimedia Commons, the free media repository +| url = https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Henry_Meynell_Rheam_-_La_Belle_Dame_sans_Merci.jpg&oldid=119268210 +| access-date = 2018-11-30 +}} + +{{Citation +| last = Hugues +| first = Arthur +| author-link = Arthur Hughes (artist) +| year = +| title = La Belle Dame Sans Merci +| publisher = Wikimedia Commons, the free media repository +| url = https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Arthur_Hugues_-_La_belle_dame_sans_merci.jpg&oldid=132350511 +| access-date = 2018-11-30 +}} + +{{Citation +| author = +| first = +| date = 1920-12-01 +| title = LA BELLE DAME SANS MERCI +| publisher = [[Punch (magazine)|Punch]] +| url = https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:La_Belle_Dame_sans_Merci_-_Punch_cartoon_-_Project_Gutenberg_eText_19105.png&oldid=241841701 +| access-date = 2018-11-30 +}} + +{{cite journal +| last = Cooper +| first = Robyn +| date = 1986 +| editor-last1 = Dean +| editor-first1 = Sonia +| editor-last2 = Ryan +| editor-first2 = Judith +| title = Arthur Hughes's La Belle Dame sans merci and the femme fatale +| url = https://www.ngv.vic.gov.au/essay/arthur-hughess-la-belle-dame-sans-merci-and-the-femme-fatale/ +| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170526185635/https://www.ngv.vic.gov.au/essay/arthur-hughess-la-belle-dame-sans-merci-and-the-femme-fatale/ +| url-status = live +| journal = Art Bulletin of Victoria +| volume = 27 +| issn = 0066-7935 +| publisher = Council of Trustees of the National Gallery of Victoria +| oclc = 888714380 +| archive-date = 2017-05-26 +| access-date = 2018-11-30 +}} + +{{cite AV media +| people = Christie, Agatha (author); Bakewell, Michael +| date = 2003 +| title = [[Murder in Mesopotamia]] : A BBC Radio 4 full-cast dramatisation +| medium = audio compact disc +| language = English +| time = 01:16:55 +| location = Bath +| publisher = BBC Audiobooks +| isbn = 9780563494232 +| oclc = 938615128 +| quote = POIROT:But Louise Leidner was no ordinary woman. DR REILLY:She certainly was not. She'd got that sort of... calamitous magic that plays the devil with things. Kind of a Belle Dame sans Merci. +| author-link = Agatha Christie +}} + +{{cite book +| title = Murder in Mesopotamia +| last = Christie +| first = Agatha +| date = 1936 +| chapter = Chapter 19. A New Suspicion +| location = London +| publisher = Published for the Crime club by Collins +| oclc = 938286864 +| author-link = Agatha Christie +| quote = But Mrs. Leidner was something out of the ordinary in that line. She'd got just that sort of calamitous magic that plays the deuce with things - a kind of Belle Dame sans Merci. +}} + +}} + +== External links == +{{Wikisource|La Belle Dame sans Merci}} + +{{John Keats}} + +{{DEFAULTSORT:Belle Dame Sans Merci, La}} +[[Category:1819 poems]] +[[Category:Gothic fiction]] +[[Category:Poetry by John Keats]] +[[Category:Witchcraft in written fiction]] diff --git a/en.wikipedia.org/List_of_Navajo_Nation_Chapters/article.txt b/en.wikipedia.org/List_of_Navajo_Nation_Chapters/article.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..a4d4e78 --- /dev/null +++ b/en.wikipedia.org/List_of_Navajo_Nation_Chapters/article.txt @@ -0,0 +1,973 @@ +{{short description|Wikimedia list article}} +This is a '''list of Chapters of the Navajo Nation'''. The [[Navajo Nation]] is divided up geographically into [[Chapter (Navajo Nation)|Chapters]] which are similar in function to [[municipality|municipalities]]. Chapters are subdivisions of Agencies which are similar in function to [[County (United_States)|counties]]. Chapter officials operating out of a [[Chapter house (Navajo Nation)|Chapter House]] register voters who may then vote to elect Delegates for the [[Navajo Nation Council]] or the [[President of the Navajo Nation]]. + +The following table contains chapter names, chapter names in [[Navajo language|Navajo]], a rough literal English translation, population, and land area estimates. +
+{| class="wikitable sortable" +|+ style="text-align: left;" |Navajo Nation Chapters +!style="text-align:left"|District +!style="text-align:left"|Chapter Name +!style="text-align:left"|Chapter Name
(Navajo) +!style="text-align:left"|Chapter Name
(English literal translation) +!style="text-align:left"|Agency +!style="text-align:left"|Population
(2010 Census) +!style="text-align:left"|Land Area
(acres) +|- +|1 +|[[Coppermine, Arizona|Coppermine]] +|[[:nv:Béésh Haagééd (tááʼ naaznilí)|Béésh Haagééd]] +|"Digging out Metal" +|Tuba City / Western +|590 +|240,000 +|- +|1 +|[[LeChee, Arizona|LeChee]] +|[[:nv:Łichíiʼii|Łichíiʼii]] +|(name of extinct burgundy-colored medicinal plant) +|Tuba City / Western +|1,443 +|293,000 +|- +|1 +|[[Tonalea, Arizona|Tonalea]] +|[[:nv:Tó Nehelį́į́h|Tó Nehelį́į́h]] +|"Water Collecting in a basin" +|Tuba City / Western +|2,595 +|153,000 +|- +|1 +|[[Kaibito, Arizona|Kaibeto]] +|[[:nv:Kʼaiʼbiiʼtó|Kʼaiʼbiiʼtó]] +|"Willows within the Water" +|Tuba City / Western +|1,963 +|234,795 +|- +|2 +|[[Shonto, Arizona|Shonto]] +|[[:nv:Shą́ą́ʼtóhí|Shą́ą́ʼtóhí]] +|"Water on the Sunny Side" +|Tuba City / Western +|2,124 +|425,000 +|- +|2 +|[[Navajo Mountain (Chapter)|Naatsis’áán (Navajo Mountain)]] +|[[:nv:Naatsisʼáán (tááʼ naaznilí)|Naatsis’áán]] +|"Earth Head" +|Tuba City / Western +|354 +|389,000 +|- +|2 +|[[Ts’ah bii’ Kin, Arizona|Ts’ah bii’ Kin (Inscription House)]] +|[[:nv:Tsʼah Biiʼ Kin|Tsʼah Biiʼ Kin]] +|"House in the field of Sagebrush" +|Tuba City / Western +|1,252 +|(Disputed with Lechee, Naatsis’áán) +|- +|3 +|Bodaway/Gap +|[[:nv:Tsinaabąąs Habitiin|Tsinaabąąs Habitiin]] +|"Wagon Trail" +|Tuba City / Western +|1,704 +|590,000 +|- +|3 +|[[Cameron, Arizona|Cameron]] +|[[:nv:Naʼníʼá Hayázhí|Naʼníʼá Hayázhí/Naʼníʼá Hasáanii]] +|"Old Bridge" +|Tuba City / Western +|1,122 +|239,000 +|- +|3 +|[[Tuba City, Arizona|Tó Naneesdizí (Tuba City)]] +|[[:nv:Tó Naneesdizí|Tó Naneesdizí]] +|"Tangled Water", "Scattered Water", "Braided Water" +|Tuba City / Western +|9,265 +|238,000 +|- +|3 +|[[Coalmine Canyon, Arizona|Coalmine Canyon]] +|[[:nv:Łeejin Haagééd|Łeejin Haagééd]] +|"Digging out coal" +|Tuba City / Western +|691 +|402,357 +|- +|4 +|[[Hard Rock, Arizona|Hard Rock]] +|[[:nv:Tsé Dildǫ́ʼí|Tsé Dildǫ́ʼí]] +| +|Chinle +|1,161 +|78,100 +|- +|4 +|[[Blue Gap, Arizona|Blue Gap]]/Tachee +|[[:nv:Bis Dootłʼizh Ńdeeshgiizh|Bis Dootłʼizh Ńdeeshgiizh/Táchii’]] +|"Blue Clay Gap"/"Red Water" +|Chinle +|1,178 +|116,000 +|- +|4 +|Forest Lake +|[[:nv:Tsinyiʼ Beʼekʼid|Tsinyiʼ Beʼekʼid]] +|"Pond between the trees" +|Chinle +|471 +|125,000 +|- +|4 +|[[Black Mesa (Navajo County, Arizona)|Black Mesa]] +|[[:nv:Kitsʼiilí (tááʼ naaznilí)|Kitsʼiilí]] +|"Shattered House" +|Chinle +|428 +|157,000 +|- +|4 +|[[Pinon, Arizona|Pinon]] +|[[:nv:Beʼekʼid Baa Ahoodzání|Beʼekʼid Baa Ahoodzání]] +|"Body of Water in a Sunken Area" +|Chinle +|2,751 +|107,250 +|- +|4 +|Whippoorwill Springs +|[[:nv:Hoshdódii Tó|Hoshdódii Tó]] +|"[[Whippoorwill]] Spring" +|Chinle +|1,489 +|32,605 +|- +|5 +|[[Tolani Lake, Arizona|Tolani Lake]] +|[[:nv:Tó Nehelį́į́h|Tó Nehelį́į́h]] +|"Water Collecting in a Basin" +|Tuba City / Western +|647 +|157,000 +|- +|5 +|[[Birdsprings|Tsídii Tó (Bird Springs)]] +|[[:nv:Tsídii Toʼí|Tsídii Toʼí]] +|"Bird Springs" +|Tuba City / Western +|532 +|194,587 +|- +|5 +|[[Leupp, Arizona|Leupp]] +|[[:nv:Tsiizizii|Tółchí’íkooh/Tsiizizii/Tooh]] +| +|Tuba City / Western +|951 +|303,746 +|- +|7 +|[[Low Mountain, Arizona|Low Mountain]] +|[[:nv:Jeeh Deezʼá/Tʼáá Sahdii Dah Azkání|Jeeh Deezʼá/Tʼáá Sahdii Dah Azkání]] +|"Piñon Gum Point" +|Fort Defiance +|757 +|41,382 +|- +|7 +|[[Jeddito, Arizona|Jeddito]] +|[[:nv:Jádító|Jádító]] +|"Antelope Springs" +|Fort Defiance +|1,200 +|100,342 +|- +|7 +|[[Tees Toh, Arizona|Teesto]] +|[[:nv:Tʼiis Tó|Tʼiis Tó/Ha’naa N’deetiin/Naaʼnideetiin]] +| +|Fort Defiance +|930 +|98,145 +|- +|7 +|[[Dilkon, Arizona|Dilkon]] +|[[:nv:Tsézhin DilkÇ«Ç«h|Tó Áłch’į́į́dí]] +|"Smooth Butte" +|Fort Defiance +|1,411 +|244,283 +|- +|7 +|[[Indian Wells, Arizona|Indian Wells]] +|[[:nv:Tó Hahadleeh|Tó Hahadleeh]] +|"Dripping Water" +|Fort Defiance +|1,287 +|227,500 +|- +|7 +|[[Whitecone, Arizona|White Cone]] +|[[:nv:Beʼekʼid Baaʼoogeedí|Beʼekʼid Baaʼoogeedí]] +|"excavated for a pond" +|Fort Defiance +|1,284 +|20,000 +|- +|8 +|[[Oljato-Monument Valley, Utah|Oljato]] +|[[:nv:Ooljééʼ Tó dóó Tsé Deelghasii|Ooljéé’ Tó]] +|"To Moonwater" +|Tuba City / Western +|2,455 +|429,000 +|- +|8 +|[[Dennehotso, Arizona|Dennehotso]] +|[[:nv:Deinihootso|Deinihootso]] +|"Meadows Merging" +|Tuba City / Western +|746 +|292,000 +|- +|8 +|[[Kayenta, Arizona|Kayenta]] +|[[:nv:Tó Dínéeshzheeʼ|Tó Dínéeshzheeʼ]] +|"Fingers of Water" +|Tuba City / Western +|5,189 +|504,811 +|- +|8 +|[[Chilchinbito, Arizona|Chilchinbeto]] +|[[:nv:Tsiiłchin Biiʼ Tó|Chiiłchin Bii’ Tó]] +|"Sumac Spring" +|Tuba City / Western +|1,165 +|243,000 +|- +|9 +|[[Teec Nos Pos, Arizona|Teec Nos Pos]] +|[[:nv:Tʼiis Názbąs|Tʼiis Názbąs]] +|"Cottonwood Trees in a Circle" +|Shiprock +|1,301 +|233,000 +|- +|9 +|[[Rock Point, Arizona|Rock Point]] +|[[:nv:Tsé Nitsaa Deezʼáhí|Tsé Nitsaa Deezʼáhí]] +|"Big Rock Point" +|Shiprock +|642 +|138,758 +|- +|9 +|[[Red Mesa, Arizona|Red Mesa]] +|[[:nv:Tsé Łichííʼ Dah Azkání (Tó Ádin Dah Azką́/Dibááʼ Dáʼákʼeh)|Tsé Łichííʼ Dah Azkání]] +|"Red Rock Mesa" +|Shiprock +|1,222 +|267,000 +|- +|9 +|[[Mexican Water, Arizona|Mexican Water]] +|[[:nv:Naakaii Tó|Naakaii Tó]] +| +|Shiprock +|976 +|160,000 +|- +|9 +|Tó Łikan (Sweetwater) +|[[:nv:Tółikan|Tółikan]] +|"Sweet Water" +|Shiprock +|1,535 +|152,000 +|- +|10 +|[[Many Farms, Arizona|Many Farms]] +|[[:nv:Dáʼákʼeh Halání|Dáʼákʼeh Halání]] +|"Many Fields" +|Chinle +|2,738 +|168,000 +|- +|10 +|[[Rough Rock, Arizona|Rough Rock]] +|[[:nv:Tséchʼízhí|Tséchʼízhí]] +|"Rough Rock" +|Chinle +|947 +|53,000 +|- +|10 +|[[Chinle, Arizona|Chinle]] +|[[:nv:Ch’ínílį́|Ch’ínílį́]] +|"It flows out horizontally" +|Chinle +|8,005 +|155,000 +|- +|10 +|[[Salina, Arizona|Tselani]]/Cottonwood +|[[:nv:Tsé Łání|Tsé Łání]] +|"Many Rocks" +|Chinle +|1,425 +|252,518 +|- +|10 +|[[Nazlini, Arizona|Nazlini]] +|[[:nv:Názlíní|Názlíní]] +|"bend in the river" +|Chinle +|489 +|217,000 +|- +|11 +|[[Lukachukai, Arizona|Lukachukai]] +|[[:nv:Lókʼaʼchʼégai|Lókʼaʼchʼégai/Lókʼaʼjígai]] +|"White Reeds Extending Out" +|Chinle +|2,154 +|97,000 +|- +|11 +|[[Round Rock, Arizona|Round Rock]] +|[[:nv:Tsé Nikání|Tsé Nikání]] +|"Round Rock" +|Chinle +|1,566 +|201,000 +|- +|11 +|[[Tsaile, Arizona|Tsaile]]/Wheatfields/Blackrock +|[[:nv:Tsééhílį́|Tsééhílį́]]/[[:nv:Tódzísʼá|Tódzísʼá]]/[[:nv:Tsézhiní|Tsézhiní]] +|"Flowing through rock"/"Wheatfields"/"Blackrock" +|Chinle +|2,250 +|162,000 +|- +|12 +|[[Aneth, Utah|Aneth]] +|[[:nv:Tʼáá Bííchʼį́įdii (Áshįįh Biiʼtó Hahoodzo)|Tʼáá Bííchʼį́įdii]] +|"Just like the Devil" +|Shiprock +|1,989 +|184,000 +|- +|12 +|[[Beclabito, New Mexico|Beclabito]] +|[[:nv:Bitłʼááh Bitoʼ|Bitłʼááh Bitoʼ]] +|"Water Underneath" +|Shiprock +|749 +|87,000 +|- +|12 +|Gadii'ahi/To'Koi (Cudeii) +|[[:nv:Gad Ííʼáhí|Gad Ííʼáhí]]/[[:nv:Tókǫʼí (Siláo Habitiin)|Tókǫʼí]] +|"Juniper Tree Sticking in the Ground"/"Fire Water" +|Shiprock +|550 +|44,000 +|- +|12 +|[[Shiprock, New Mexico|Shiprock]] +|[[:nv:Naatʼáanii Nééz|Naatʼáanii Nééz/Tsé Bit’a’í]] +|"Rock with Wings" +|Shiprock +|9,126 +|125,000 +|- +|12 +|Hogback +|[[:nv:Tsétaakʼáán|Tsétaakʼáán]] +|"Rock Uplift" +|Shiprock +|1,215 +|60,363 +|- +|12 +|[[Red Rock, Apache County, Arizona|Red Valley]] +|[[:nv:Tsé Łichííʼ Dah Azkání (Dziłkʼi Hózhóonii/ChÇ«Ç«h Dínéeshzheeʼ)|Tsé Łichíí’ Dah Azkání]] +|"Red Rock Mesa" +|Shiprock +|1,417 +|221,000 +|- +|12 +|[[Cove, Arizona|Cove]] +|[[:nv:Kʼaabizhiistłʼah|Kʼaabizhiistłʼah]] +|"nestled in a cove" +|Shiprock +|430 +|44,000 +|- +|12 +|Tsé Ałnáozt’i’í ([[Sanostee, New Mexico|Sanostee]]) +|[[:nv:Tséʼałnáoztʼiʼí|Tséʼałnáoztʼiʼí]] +| +|Shiprock +|1,795 +|314,000 +|- +|12 +|Toadlena/Two Grey Hills +|[[:nv:Tó Háálį́ (Chʼóshgaii)|Tó Háálį́]]/[[:nv:Bis Dah Łitso|Bis Dah Łitso]] +|"Where the Water Flows Out"/"two grey hills" +|Shiprock +|1,157 +|85,000 +|- +|12 +|[[Newcomb, New Mexico|Newcomb]] +|[[:nv:Bis Deezʼáhí/Tʼiis Ndeeshgiizh|Bis Deezʼáhí/Tʼiis Ndeeshgiizh]] +|"Cottonwoods Spreading out from the wash" +|Shiprock +|339 +|57,000 +|- +|12 +|[[Sheep Springs, New Mexico|Sheep Springs]] +|[[:nv:Tó Haltsooí|Tó Haltsooí]] +|"Yellow Springs" +|Shiprock +|245 +|108,563 +|- +|13 +|[[Upper Fruitland, New Mexico|Upper Fruitland]] +|[[:nv:Doo Alkʼahii|Doo Alkʼahii]] +|"Nonfattening" +|Shiprock +|2,751 +|83,400 +|- +|13 +|T’iis Tsoh Sikaad (Burnham) +|[[:nv:Tʼiistsoh Sikaad|Tʼiistsoh Sikaad]] +|"Big Tree Spreading Out" +|Shiprock +|280 +|185,807 +|- +|13 +|[[Nenahnezad, New Mexico|Nenahnezad]] +|[[:nv:Niinahnízaad|Niinahnízaad]] +|"a long incline" +|Shiprock +|688 +|17,000 +|- +|13 +|San Juan +|[[:nv:Tsétsį́į́ Nániitłʼiní|Tsétsį́į́ Nániitłʼiní]] +|N/A +|Shiprock +|1,500 (est.) +|shared with Nenahnezad +|- +|14 +|[[Naschitti, New Mexico|Naschitti]] +|[[:nv:Nahashchʼidí (Yootó Hahoodzo)|Nahashchʼidí]] +|"Badger" +|Fort Defiance +|301 +|188,000 +|- +|14 +|[[Tohatchi, New Mexico|Tohatchi]] +|[[:nv:Tó Haachʼiʼ|Tó Haachʼiʼ]] +|"One Who Digs for Water" +|Fort Defiance +|1,450 +|131,000 +|- +|14 +|Coyote Canyon +|[[:nv:Maʼii Tééh Yitłizhí|Maʼii Tééh Yitłizhí]] +|"Coyote fell in the watering hole" +|Fort Defiance +|1,451 +|125,996 +|- +|14 +|Báhástł’ah (Twin Lakes) +|[[:nv:Tsénáhádzoh/Bááhaztłʼah|Tsénáhádzoh/Bááhaztłʼah]] +|"Canyon Cove" +|Fort Defiance +|2,212 +|69,000 +|- +|14 +|[[Nakaibito, New Mexico|Mexican Springs]] (Nakaibito) +|[[:nv:Naakaii Bitoʼ|Naakaii Bitoʼ]] +| +|Fort Defiance +|1,418 +|115,000 +|- +|15 +|Becenti +|[[:nv:Tłʼóoʼditsin|Jádí Haditʼįįh/Tłʼóoʼditsin]] +|"Antelope Lookout"/"Trees outside" +|Crownpoint / Eastern +|403 +|194,000 +|- +|15 +|[[Crownpoint, New Mexico|Crownpoint]] +|[[:nv:Tʼiistsʼóóz Ńdeeshgizh|Tʼiistsʼóóz Ńdeeshgizh]] +|"Skinny Tree Canyon" +|Crownpoint / Eastern +|2,729 +|67,000 +|- +|15 +|Nahodishgish +|[[:nv:Náhodeeshgiizh|Náhodeeshgiizh]] +|"The Gap" +|Crownpoint / Eastern +|408 +|64,000 +|- +|15 +|[[Torreon, Sandoval County, New Mexico|Torreon]] / Star Lake +|[[:nv:Yaʼniilzhiin|Yaʼniilzhiin/Naʼneelzhiin]] +|"Dark-colored barrier" +|Crownpoint / Eastern +|1,612 +|119,000 +|- +|15 +|[[Pueblo Pintado, New Mexico|Pueblo Pintado]] +|[[:nv:Náhodeeshgiizh Chʼínílíní|Náhodeeshgiizh Chʼínílíní]] +|"Flowing out from the Gap" +|Crownpoint / Eastern +|419 +|190,000 +|- +|15 +|White Horse Lake +|[[:nv:Tó Hweełhíní|Tó Hweełhíní/Łį́į́łgaii Beʼekʼid]] +| +|Crownpoint / Eastern +|406 +|312,000 +|- +|15 +|Lake Valley +|[[:nv:Beʼekʼid Halgaii|Beʼekʼid Halgaii]] +| +|Crownpoint / Eastern +|306 +|84,000 +|- +|15 +|[[White Rock, San Juan County, New Mexico|White Rock]] +|[[:nv:Tséłgaii|Tséłgaii]] +|"White Rock" +|Crownpoint / Eastern +|76 +|110,000 +|- +|15 +|Tsé Íí’áhí (Standing Rock) +|[[:nv:Tsé Ííʼáhí|Tsé Ííʼáhí]] +|"Standing Rock" +|Crownpoint / Eastern +|641 +|74,104 +|- +|15 +|Littlewater +|[[:nv:Tó Áłtsʼíísí (tááʼ naaznilí)|Tó Áłtsʼíísí]] +| +|Crownpoint / Eastern +|427 +|64,962 +|- +|15 +|Casamero Lake +|[[:nv:Tsétaʼ Tóakʼoolí|Tsétaʼ Tóakʼoolí]] +|"Water waves among the rock" +|Crownpoint / Eastern +|518 +|64,000 +|- +|16 +|[[Thoreau, New Mexico|Thoreau]] +|[[:nv:Dlǫ́ʼí Yázhí (Yootó Hahoodzo)|Dlǫ́ʼí Yázhí]] +|"Little Prairie Dog" +|Crownpoint / Eastern +|1,433 +|31,000 +|- +|16 +|Chichiltah +|[[:nv:Chéchʼiltah/Chéchʼilłání|Chéchʼiltah/Chéchʼilłání]] +|"Among the Oaks" +|Crownpoint / Eastern +|1,443 +|133,000 +|- +|16 +|Baca/Prewitt +|[[:nv:Kin Łigaaí (Yootó Hahoodzo)|Kin Łigaaí]] +|"White House" +|Crownpoint / Eastern +|789 +|127,000 +|- +|16 +|Mariano Lake +|[[:nv:Beʼekʼid Hóteelí (Yootó Hahoodzo)|Beʼekʼid Hóteelí]] +| +|Crownpoint / Eastern +|823 +|67,000 +|- +|16 +|Smith Lake +|[[:nv:Tsin Názbąs Siʼą́|Tsin Názbąs Siʼą́]] +|"Round Tree" +|Crownpoint / Eastern +|951 +|38,000 +|- +|16 +|[[Church Rock, New Mexico|Churchrock]] +|[[:nv:Kinłitsosinil|Kinłitsosinil]] +|"Group of Yellow Houses" +|Crownpoint / Eastern +|1,983 +|58,000 +|- +|16 +|Bááh Háálį́ (Breadsprings) +|[[:nv:Bááh Háálį́|Bááh Háálį́]] +|"Bread Springs", "Bread Flowing Out" +|Crownpoint / Eastern +|908 +|49,273 +|- +|16 +|Tsé Łichíí’ (Red Rock) +|[[:nv:Tsé Łichííʼ|Tsé Łichííʼ]] +|"Red Rock" +|Crownpoint / Eastern +|1,866 +|42,365 +|- +|16 +|Rock Springs +|[[:nv:Chéchʼízhí|Tséch’ízhí]] +|"Rough Rock" +|Crownpoint / Eastern +|1,086 +|27,000 +|- +|16 +|Manuelito +|[[:nv:Kin Hózhóní|Kin Hózhóní]] +|"Beautiful House" +|Crownpoint / Eastern +|264 +|57,000 +|- +|16 +|Tsayatoh +|[[:nv:Tséyaa Tó|Tséyaa Tó]] +|"Water Under the Rock" +|Crownpoint / Eastern +|658 +|80,000 +|- +|16 +|Pinedale +|[[:nv:Tó Bééhwiisgání|Tó Bééhwiisgání]] +|"Hardened Mud around the Water" +|Crownpoint / Eastern +|1,109 +|41,000 +|- +|16 +|Iyanbito +|[[:nv:Ayání Bitoʼ|Ayání Bitoʼ]] +|"Buffalo Springs" +|Crownpoint / Eastern +|890 +|29,000 +|- +|17 +|[[Klagetoh, Arizona|Klagetoh]] +|[[:nv:Łeeyiʼtó|Łeeyiʼtó]] +|"Water under the Ground" +|Fort Defiance +|909 +|152,000 +|- +|17 +|[[Wide Ruins, Arizona|Wide Ruins]] +|[[:nv:Kinteel (Hoozdo Hahoodzo)|Kinteel]] +|"Wide House" +|Fort Defiance +|1,095 +|149,000 +|- +|17 +|[[Kinlichee, Arizona|Kinlichee]] +|[[:nv:Kin Dah Łichííʼ|Kin Dah Łichííʼ]] +|"Red House" +|Fort Defiance +|1,610 +|234,342 +|- +|17 +|[[Ganado, Arizona|Ganado]] +|[[:nv:Lókʼaahnteel|Lókʼaahnteel]] +|"Wide Reeds" +|Fort Defiance +|1,210 +|91,535 +|- +|17 +|[[Cornfields, Arizona|Cornfields]] +|[[:nv:Kʼiiłtsoiitah|Kʼiiłtsoiitah]] +|"rabbit brush" +|Fort Defiance +|911 +|44,000 +|- +|17 +|Greasewood Springs +|[[:nv:Díwózhii Biiʼ Tó|Díwózhii Biiʼ Tó]] +|"Greasewood Springs" +|Fort Defiance +|1,320 +|314,006 +|- +|17 +|[[Steamboat, Arizona|Steamboat]] +|[[:nv:Tóyééʼ|Tóyééʼ/Hóyéé’]] +| +|Fort Defiance +|1,226 +|201,000 +|- +|18 +|Crystal +|[[:nv:Tó Niłtsʼílí|Tó Niłtsʼílí]] +|"Crystal-Clear Water" +|Fort Defiance +|311 +|91,000 +|- +|18 +|Red Lake +|[[:nv:Beʼekʼid Halchííʼ (tááʼ naaznilí)|Beʼekʼid Halchííʼ]] +| +|Fort Defiance +|2,028 +|44,000 +|- +|18 +|[[Sawmill, Arizona|Sawmill]] +|[[:nv:Niʼiijííh Hasání|Niʼiijííh Hasání]] +| +|Fort Defiance +|1,054 +|77,000 +|- +|18 +|[[St. Michaels, Arizona|St. Michaels]] +|[[:nv:Tsʼíhootso|Tsʼíhootso/Ch’íhootso]] +|"Green Meadow" +|Fort Defiance +|5,643 +|76,000 +|- +|18 +|[[Fort Defiance, Arizona|Fort Defiance]] +|[[:nv:Tséhootsooí|Tséhootsooí]] +| +|Fort Defiance +|3,624 +|102,159 +|- +|18 +|[[Houck, Arizona|Houck]] +|[[:nv:Maʼiitoʼí|Maʼiitoʼí]] +|"Coyote Spring" +|Fort Defiance +|1,024 +|94,080 +|- +|18 +|[[Nahata Dziil, Arizona|Nahata Dziil (New Lands)]] +|[[:nv:Nahatʼá Dziil (tááʼ naaznilí)|Nahatʼá Dziil]] +|"Strength through Planning" +|Fort Defiance +|1,652 +|352,000 +|- +|18 +|Oak Springs/Pine Springs +|[[:nv:Teeł Chʼínítʼiʼ|Teeł Chʼínítʼiʼ]] +|"Cattails in a Row" +|Fort Defiance +|533 +|77,000 +|- +|18 +|[[Lupton, Arizona|Tsé Si’ání (Lupton)]] +|[[:nv:Tsé Siʼání|Tsé Siʼání]] +|"Sitting Rock", "Unmoveable Rock" +|Fort Defiance +|902 +|80,139 +|- +|19 +|[[Huerfano, New Mexico|Huerfano]] +|[[:nv:Hanáádlį́|Hanáádlį́]] +|"Water Coming Up" +|Crownpoint / Eastern +|3,000 +|548,328 +|- +|19 +|[[Nageezi, New Mexico|Naageezi]] +|[[:nv:Naayízí (Yootó Hahoodzo)|Naayízí]] +|"[[Squash (plant)|Squash]]" +|Crownpoint / Eastern +|286 +|223,000 +|- +|19 +|Ojo Encino +|[[:nv:Chéchʼiizh Biiʼ Tó|Chéchʼiizh Biiʼ Tó/Tséchʼízhí Bitoʼ]] +| +|Crownpoint / Eastern +|688 +|79,000 +|- +|19 +|[[Counselor, New Mexico|Counselor]] +|[[:nv:Bilagáana Nééz|Bilagáana Nééz]] +| +|Crownpoint / Eastern +|870 +|71,000 +|- +|21 +|[[Tohajiilee Indian Reservation|Tohajiileeh/Canyoncito]] +|[[:nv:Tó Hajiileehé|Tó Hajiileehé]] +|"Where they pull the water up and it keeps refilling itself" +|Crownpoint / Eastern +|1,591 +|76,000 +|- +|22 +|[[Alamo, New Mexico|Alamo]] +|[[:nv:Tʼiistsoh|Tʼiistsoh/Tʼiistsoh Sikaad]] +|"Big Cottonwood Tree" +|Crownpoint / Eastern +|2,006 +|65,000 +|- +|23 +|[[Ramah, New Mexico|Ramah]] +|[[:nv:Tłʼohchiní|Tłʼohchiní]] +|"Onions" +|Crownpoint / Eastern +|1,400 (2013 census) +|168,000 +|} + +==Notes== +{{reflist|group=Note|refs= + + Nahodishgish Chapter was originally known as "Dalton's Pass" but was reverted to its Navajo name. + +}} + +==References== +{{reflist|refs= + +{{cite book +| collaboration = The Navajo Times +| last = Yurth +| first = Cindy +| editor1-last = LaFrenda +| editor1-first = Frank +| title = Exploring the Navajo Nation Chapter by Chapter : Alamo-Naschitti +| date = 2017 +| publisher = Salina Bookshelf, Inc. +| location = Flagstaff, Arizona +| isbn = 978-1-893354-83-8 +| oclc = 975490937 +}} + +{{cite book +| collaboration = The Navajo Times +| last = Yurth +| first = Cindy +| editor1-last = LaFrenda +| editor1-first = Frank +| title = Exploring the Navajo Nation Chapter by Chapter : Nazlini-Wide Ruins +| date = 2017 +| publisher = Salina Bookshelf, Inc. +| location = Flagstaff, Arizona +| isbn = 978-1-893354-84-5 +| oclc = 975490853 +}} + +{{Cite web +| url = http://www.navajoelections.navajo-nsn.gov/pdfs/chapters%20by%20districts%20_2_.pdf +| title = Navajo Nation Chapters by Districts +| website = Navajo Nation Election Administration +| access-date = 2019-01-24 +}} +}} + +{{Navajo Nation}} +{{navboxes| +|list= +{{Indian reservations in Arizona}} +{{Indian reservations in New Mexico}} +{{Indian reservations in Utah}} +{{United States political divisions}} +{{Apache County, Arizona}} +{{Coconino County, Arizona}} +{{Navajo County, Arizona}} +{{Bernalillo County, New Mexico}} +{{Cibola County, New Mexico}} +{{McKinley County, New Mexico}} +{{San Juan County, New Mexico}} +{{Sandoval County, New Mexico}} +{{Socorro County, New Mexico}} +{{San Juan County, Utah}} +{{Power stations in Arizona}} +}} +{{coord|36|11|13|N|109|34|25|W|source:kolossus-itwiki_scale:2500000|display=title}} + +{{Authority control}} + +[[Category:Navajo Nation| ]] +[[Category:Navajo history]] +[[Category:American Indian reservations in Arizona]] +[[Category:American Indian reservations in Colorado]] +[[Category:American Indian reservations in New Mexico]] +[[Category:American Indian reservations in Utah]] +[[Category:States and territories established in 1868]] +[[Category:1868 establishments in the United States]] diff --git a/en.wikipedia.org/List_of_Utah_state_legislatures/article.txt b/en.wikipedia.org/List_of_Utah_state_legislatures/article.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..fc09c92 --- /dev/null +++ b/en.wikipedia.org/List_of_Utah_state_legislatures/article.txt @@ -0,0 +1,157 @@ +This is a list of both legislative assemblies of the [[Utah Territory]] and the [[Utah State Legislature|legislatures]] of [[Utah]] since [[U.S. state|statehood]] in 1896. + +==Utah Territorial Legislature== + +===1st - 10th Utah Legislative Assemblies=== + +* [[1st Utah Territorial Legislature]]: September 22, 1851 to February 18, 1852 +* [[2nd Utah Territorial Legislature]]: December 13, 1852 to January 21, 1853 Source lists the start of the 2nd Utah Territorial Legislature as the second Monday of 1853, but this is most likely incorrect and the year was probably 1852. +*[[3rd Utah Territorial Legislature]]: 1853 — 1854 +*[[5th Utah Territorial Legislature]]: 1855 — 1856 +*[[6th Utah Territorial Legislature]]: 1856 — 1857 +*[[7th Utah Territorial Legislature]]: 1857 — 1858 +*[[8th Utah Territorial Legislature]]: 1858 — 1859 +*[[9th Utah Territorial Legislature]]: 1859 — 1860 +*[[10th Utah Territorial Legislature]]: 1860 — 1861 + +===11th - 20th Utah Legislative Assemblies=== + +*[[11th Utah Territorial Legislature]]: 1861 — 1862 +*[[12th Utah Territorial Legislature]]: 1862 — 1863 +*[[13th Utah Territorial Legislature]]: 1863 — 1864 +*[[14th Utah Territorial Legislature]]: 1864 — 1865 +*[[16th Utah Territorial Legislature]]: 1866 — 1867 +*[[17th Utah Territorial Legislature]]: January 13, 1868 +*[[18th Utah Territorial Legislature]]: January 11, 1869 +*[[19th Utah Territorial Legislature]]: January 10, 1870 +*[[20th Utah Territorial Legislature]]: January 8, 1872 + +===21st - 31st Utah Legislative Assemblies=== + +*[[21st Utah Territorial Legislature]]: January 12, 1874 +*[[22nd Utah Territorial Legislature]]: January 10, 1876 +*[[23rd Utah Territorial Legislature]]: January 14, 1878 +*[[24th Utah Territorial Legislature]]: January 12, 1880 +*[[25th Utah Territorial Legislature]]: January 9, 1882 +*[[26th Utah Territorial Legislature]]: January 14, 1884 +*[[27th Utah Territorial Legislature]]: January 11, 1886 +*[[28th Utah Territorial Legislature]]: January 9, 1888 +*[[29th Utah Territorial Legislature]]: January 13, 1890 +*[[30th Utah Territorial Legislature]]: January 11, 1892 +*[[31st Utah Territorial Legislature]]: January 8, 1894 + +==Utah State Legislatures== + +===1st - 10th Utah State Legislatures=== + +*[[1st Utah State Legislature]]: January 13, 1896 — January 10, 1897 +*[[2nd Utah State Legislature]]: January 11, 1897 — January 8, 1899 +*[[3rd Utah State Legislature]]: January 9, 1899 — January 13, 1901 +*[[4th Utah State Legislature]]: January 14, 1901 — January 11, 1903 {{cite web |url=https://home.heinonline.org/titles/Session-Laws-Library/Utah/?letter=U |title=Session Laws: Utah |work= [[HeinOnline]] |publisher=William S. Hein & Co., Inc. |location=New York |accessdate= March 22, 2019 }} {{paywall}} +*[[5th Utah State Legislature]]: January 12, 1903 — January 8, 1905 +*[[6th Utah State Legislature]]: January 9, 1905 — January 13, 1907 +*[[7th Utah State Legislature]]: January 14, 1907 — January 10, 1909 +*[[8th Utah State Legislature]]: January 11, 1909 — January 8, 1911 +*[[9th Utah State Legislature]]: January 9, 1911 — January 12, 1913 +*[[10th Utah State Legislature]]: January 13, 1913 — January 10, 1915 + +===11th - 20th Utah State Legislatures=== + +*[[11th Utah State Legislature]]: January 11, 1915 — January 7, 1917 +*[[12th Utah State Legislature]]: January 8, 1917 — January 12, 1919 +*[[13th Utah State Legislature]]: January 13, 1919 — January 9, 1921 +*[[14th Utah State Legislature]]: January 10, 1921 — January 7, 1923 +*[[15th Utah State Legislature]]: January 8, 1923 — January 11, 1925 +*[[16th Utah State Legislature]]: January 12, 1925 — January 9, 1927 +*[[17th Utah State Legislature]]: January 10, 1927 — January 13, 1929 +*[[18th Utah State Legislature]]: January 14, 1929 — January 11, 1931 +*[[19th Utah State Legislature]]: January 12, 1931 — January 8, 1933 +*[[20th Utah State Legislature]]: January 9, 1933 — January 13, 1935 + +===21st - 30th Utah State Legislatures=== + +*[[21st Utah State Legislature]]: January 14, 1935 — January 10, 1937 +*[[22nd Utah State Legislature]]: January 11, 1937 — January 8, 1939 +*[[23rd Utah State Legislature]]: January 9, 1939 — January 12, 1941 +*[[24th Utah State Legislature]]: January 13, 1941 — January 10, 1943 +*[[25th Utah State Legislature]]: January 11, 1943 — January 7, 1945 +*[[26th Utah State Legislature]]: January 8, 1945 — January 12, 1947 +*[[27th Utah State Legislature]]: January 13, 1947 — January 9, 1949 +*[[28th Utah State Legislature]]: January 10, 1949 — January 7, 1951 +*[[29th Utah State Legislature]]: January 8, 1951 — January 11, 1953 +*[[30th Utah State Legislature]]: January 12, 1953 — January 9, 1955 + +===31st - 40th Utah State Legislatures=== + +*[[31st Utah State Legislature]]: January 10, 1955 — January 13, 1957 +*[[32nd Utah State Legislature]]: January 14, 1957 — January 11, 1959 +*[[33rd Utah State Legislature]]: January 12, 1959 — January 8, 1961 +*[[34th Utah State Legislature]]: January 9, 1961 — January 13, 1963 +*[[35th Utah State Legislature]]: January 14, 1963 — January 10, 1965 +*[[36th Utah State Legislature]]: January 11, 1965 — January 8, 1967 +*[[37th Utah State Legislature]]: January 9, 1967 — January 12, 1969 +*[[38th Utah State Legislature]]: January 13, 1969 — January 10, 1971 +*[[39th Utah State Legislature]]: January 11, 1971 — January 7, 1973 +*[[40th Utah State Legislature]]: January 8, 1973 — January 12, 1975 + +===41st - 50th Utah State Legislatures=== + +*[[41st Utah State Legislature]]: January 13, 1975 — January 9, 1977 +*[[42nd Utah State Legislature]]: January 10, 1977 — January 7, 1979 +*[[43rd Utah State Legislature]]: January 8, 1979 — January 11, 1981 +*[[44th Utah State Legislature]]: January 12, 1981 — January 9, 1983 +*[[45th Utah State Legislature]]: January 10, 1983 — January 13, 1985 +*[[46th Utah State Legislature]]: January 14, 1985 — January 11, 1987 +*[[47th Utah State Legislature]]: January 12, 1987 — January 8, 1989 +*[[48th Utah State Legislature]]: January 9, 1989 — January 13, 1991 +*[[49th Utah State Legislature]]: January 14, 1991 — January 17, 1993 +*[[50th Utah State Legislature]]: January 18, 1993 — January 15, 1995 + +===51st - 60th Utah State Legislatures=== + +*[[51st Utah State Legislature]]: January 16, 1995 — January 19, 1997 +*[[52nd Utah State Legislature]]: January 20, 1997 — January 17, 1999 +*[[53rd Utah State Legislature]]: January 18, 1999 — January 14, 2001 +*[[54th Utah State Legislature]]: January 15, 2001 — January 19, 2003 +*[[55th Utah State Legislature]]: January 20, 2003 — January 16, 2005 +*[[56th Utah State Legislature]]: January 17, 2005 — January 14, 2007 +*[[57th Utah State Legislature]]: January 15, 2007 — January 20, 2009 +*[[58th Utah State Legislature]]: January 26, 2009 — January 23, 2011 +** 2010: January 25-March 11, 2010 +*[[59th Utah State Legislature]]: January 24, 2011 — January 27, 2013 +** 2011: January 24-March 10, July 27, October 3, 2011 +** 2012: January 23-March 8, 2012 +*[[60th Utah State Legislature]]: January 28, 2013 — January 25, 2015 +** 2013: January 28-March 14, 2013 +** 2014: January 27-March 14, 2014 + +=== 61st - 70th Utah State Legislatures === +*[[61st Utah State Legislature]]: January 26, 2015 — January 22, 2017 +** 2015: January 26-March 12, August 19, 2015 +** 2016: January 25-March 10, May 18, 2016 {{cite web |url= https://ballotpedia.org/Utah_State_Legislature |title=Utah State Legislature |work=[[Ballotpedia.org]] |accessdate= March 22, 2019 }} +*[[62nd Utah State Legislature]]: January 23, 2017 — +** 2017: January 23-March 9, September 20, 2017 +** 2018: January 22-March 8, 2018 +* 2019: January 28-March 14, 2019 + +==See also== +* [[List of governors of Utah]] +* [[History of Utah]] + +==References== +{{reflist|ref= + +}} + +==External links== +*[https://le.utah.gov/documents/publications.htm Utah State Legislature Publications] +* Utah State Legislature. [https://le.utah.gov/lrgc/legislativehistoryresources.htm Legislative History Resources] +* {{cite web |url=https://archives.utah.gov/research/guides/legislative-history.htm |title=Guide: Research Legislative Intent and History |publisher= Utah Division of Archives and Records Service }} +* {{cite web |url= http://guides.ll.georgetown.edu/c.php?g=277314&p=1849990 |title= Utah Resources: Statutes & Legislation |publisher=[[Georgetown University Law Library]] |work=Research Guides: U.S. States }} + +{{United States legislatures}} +{{Utah}} +[[Category:Utah-related lists|Legislatures]] +[[Category:Political history of Utah|Legislature]] +[[Category:Utah legislative sessions| ]] +[[Category:United States politics-related lists by state|Utah]] diff --git a/en.wikipedia.org/List_of_chemical_process_simulators/article.txt b/en.wikipedia.org/List_of_chemical_process_simulators/article.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..497adb0 --- /dev/null +++ b/en.wikipedia.org/List_of_chemical_process_simulators/article.txt @@ -0,0 +1,695 @@ +{{short description|Wikipedia list article}} +{{chemical engineering}} +This is a list of software used to simulate the material and energy balances of chemical process plants. Applications for this include design studies, engineering studies, design audits, debottlenecking studies, control system check-out, [[process simulation]], [[dynamic simulation]], [[Operator Training Simulator|operator training simulators]], pipeline management systems, production management systems, [[Digital twin|digital twins]]. + +{|class="wikitable sortable" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" +! Software !! Developer !! Applications !! Operative system !! License !! URL +|- +|[[Advanced Simulation Library|Advanced Simulation Library (ASL)]] +|Avtech Scientific +|Process data validation and reconciliation, real-time optimization, virtual sensing and predictive control +|Windows, Linux, FreeBSD, Mac +|open-source ([https://github.com/AvtechScientific/ASL/blob/c39215b9f5e7f36d6cdb33dbf6705011b121d95b/LICENSE AGPLv3]) +|[http://asl.org.il] +|- +|[[APMonitor]] +|APMonitor +|MATLAB/Python/Julia-based data reconciliation, real-time optimization, dynamic simulation and nonlinear predictive control +|Windows, Linux +|open-source ([https://github.com/APMonitor/apm_server/blob/fb6cf7393418ee0ceedfe35a2fcd6e8bc8cdb2c6/apm_linux/LICENSE BSD-2-Clause]) +|[http://apmonitor.com/] +|- +|Apros +|[[Fortum]] and [[VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland]] +|Dynamic process simulation for power plants +|Windows +|closed-source +|[http://www.apros.fi/en/] +|- +|[[ASCEND]] +|ASCEND +|Dynamic process simulation, general purpose language +|Windows, BSD, Linux +|open-source ([https://web.archive.org/web/20170623052028/http://svn.ascend4.org/trunk/LICENSE.txt GPLv2]) +|[http://ascend4.org/ASCEND_overview] +|- +|Aspen Custom Modeler (ACM) +|[[Aspen Technology]] +|Dynamic process simulation +|Windows +|closed-source +|[https://www.aspentech.com/en/products/pages/aspen-custom-modeler] +|- +|[[Aspen HYSYS]] +|[[Aspen Technology]] +|Process simulation and optimization +|Windows +|closed-source +|[https://www.aspentech.com/en/products/engineering/aspen-hysys] +|- +|Aspen Plus +|[[Aspen Technology]] +|Process simulation and optimization +|Windows +|closed-source +|[https://www.aspentech.com/products/engineering/aspen-plus] +|- +|ASSETT +|[[Kongsberg Digital]] +|Dynamic process simulation +|Windows +|closed-source +|[https://web.archive.org/web/20140315042115/http://www.kongsberg.com/en/kogt/offerings/software/assett/] +|- +|BatchColumn +|ProSim +|Simulation and Optimization of batch distillation columns +|Windows +|closed-source +|[https://www.prosim.net/en/product/batch-column-simulation-and-optimization-of-batch-distillation-columns/] +|- +|BATCHES +|Batch Process Technologies, Inc. +|Simulation of recipe driven multiproduct and multipurpose batch processes for applications in design, scheduling and supply chain management +|Linux +|closed-source +|[http://bptechs.com] +|- +|BatchReactor +|ProSim +|Simulation of chemical reactors in batch mode +|Windows +|closed-source +|[https://www.prosim.net/en/product/batchreactor-simulation-of-chemical-reactors-in-batch-mode/] +|- +|BioSTEAM +|Yoel Cortes-Pena & BioSTEAM Development Group +|Design, simulation, and costing of biorefineries under uncertainty +|Windows, Mac, Linux +|open-source ([https://github.com/BioSTEAMDevelopmentGroup/biosteam/blob/cca6df548b22c7bbbde10fae68f730f832485355/LICENSE.txt BSD-3-Clause]) +|[https://biosteam.readthedocs.io/en/latest/] +|- +|CADSIM Plus +|Aurel Systems Inc. +|Steady-state and dynamic process simulation +|Windows +|closed-source +|[https://web.archive.org/web/20160305011501/http://www.aurelsystems.com/csplus.htm] +|- +|ChromWorks +|YPSO-FACTO +|Chromatographic process design, simulation & optimization +|Windows +|closed-source +|[http://www.ypso-facto.com] +|- +|CHEMCAD +|Chemstations +|Software suite for process simulation +|Windows +|closed-source +|[http://www.chemstations.com/Products/What_is_CHEMCAD/] +|- +|CHEMPRO +|EPCON +|Process Flow Simulation, Fluid Flow Simulation, & Process Equipment Sizing +|Windows +|closed-source +|[http://www.epcon.com/chempro.html] +|- +|Cycad Process +|CM Solutions +|Process simulation and drawing package for minerals and metallurgical fields +|Windows +|closed-source +|[https://cycadprocess.com/] +|- +|Cycle-Tempo +|Asimptote +|Thermodynamic analysis and optimization of systems for the production of electricity, heat and refrigeration +|Windows +|closed-source +|[http://www.asimptote.nl/software/cycle-tempo/] +|- +|[[COCO simulator]] + ChemSep +|AmsterCHEM +|Steady state process simulation based on [[CAPE-OPEN Interface Standard]] +|Windows +|open-source ([https://www.cocosimulator.org/index_disclaimer.html Coco License 3.4]) +|[http://www.cocosimulator.org/] [http://www.chemsep.org] +|- +|D-SPICE +|[[Kongsberg Digital]] +|Dynamic process simulation +|Windows +|closed-source +|[https://www.kongsberg.com/digital/products/process-simulation/] +|- +|[[Design II for Windows]] +|WinSim Inc. +|Process simulation +|Windows +|closed-source +|[http://www.winsim.com/design.html] +|- +|Distillation expert trainer +|ATR +|Operator training simulator for distillation process +| +|closed-source +|[https://web.archive.org/web/20110716093320/http://smartprocedures.com/distillation_expert] +|- +|[[Dymola]] +|[[Dassault Systèmes]] +|Modelica-based dynamic modelling and simulation software +|Windows, Linux +|closed-source +|[http://www.3ds.com/products-services/catia/capabilities/systems-engineering/modelica-systems-simulation/dymola] +|- +|DynoChem +|Scale-up Systems +|Dynamic process simulation and optimization +|Windows +|closed-source +|[https://www.scale-up.com/Dynochem] +|- +|DYNSIM +|[[Aveva|AVEVA]] +|Dynamic process simulation +|Windows +|closed-source +| +|- +|Dyssol{{Cite journal|date=2020-07-01|title=Dyssol—An open-source flowsheet simulation framework for particulate materials|url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2352711020302855|journal=SoftwareX|language=en|volume=12|pages=100572|doi=10.1016/j.softx.2020.100572|issn=2352-7110}} +| +|Dynamic flowsheet simulation of solids processes +|Windows +|open-source ([https://github.com/FlowsheetSimulation/Dyssol-open/blob/53eb7b589ad03eb477d743ee6a90ee10297a9366/LICENSE BSD-3-Clause]) +|[https://github.com/FlowsheetSimulation/Dyssol-open] +|- +|[[DWSIM]] +|Daniel Medeiros, Gustavo León and Gregor Reichert +|Process simulator +|Windows, Linux, macOS, Android, iOS +|open-source ([https://dwsim.inforside.com.br/wiki/index.php?title=Licensing GPLv3]), freemium +|[http://dwsim.inforside.com.br] +|- +|[[EMSO simulator|EMSO]] +|ALSOC Project +|Modelling, simulation and optimisation, steady state and dynamic, equation oriented with open source models +|Windows, Linux +|closed-source (UI), open-source (library)[https://www.enq.ufrgs.br/trac/alsoc/wiki/EMSO] +| +[http://www.enq.ufrgs.br/trac/alsoc] +|- +|EQ-COMP +|Amit Katyal +|Vapor Liquid Equilibrium Software +|Software-as-a-Service +|closed-source +|[http://www.eq-comp.com [59]] +|- +|FlowTran +|FlowTran +|Transient single phase pipeline simulation +| +|closed-source +|[http://www.flowtran.com.au/] +|- +|GAMS +|GAMS +|General Algebraic Modeling System (GAMS) +|Windows, Linux, Mac OS, Solaris +|closed-source +|[https://www.gams.com/] +|- +|gPROMS +|PSE Ltd +|Advanced process simulation and modelling +| +|closed-source +|[http://www.psenterprise.com/] +|- +|[[HSC Sim]] +|[[Outotec|Outotec Oyj]] +|Advanced process simulation and modelling, Flowsheet simulation +|Windows +|closed-source +|[https://web.archive.org/web/20141208063622/http://www.outotec.com/en/Products--services/HSC-Chemistry/Calculation-modules/Sim--process-simulation/] +|- +|HYD-PREDIC +|Amit Katyal +|Multiphase flow assurance and hydrate modelling +|Software-as-a-Service +|closed-source +|[https://www.eq-comp.com/hyd-predic-hydrate-prediction-flow-assurance-software/] +|- +|HYDROFLO +|Tahoe Design Software +|Piping System Design with Steady State Analysis +|Windows +|closed-source +|[http://www.tahoesoft.com/] +|- +|Indiss Plus'''®''' +|[[Corys TESS|Corys]] +|Dynamic process simulator for hydrocarbons, chemicals +|Windows +|closed-source +|[http://www.corys.com/] +|- +|ICAS +|KT-Consortium +|Integrated Computer-Aided System +|Windows +|closed-source +|[https://www.kt.dtu.dk/english/research/kt-consortium/software] +|- +|IDEAS +|Andritz Automation +|Dynamic simulator for pulp, oil sands, potash, and hard rock mining +|Windows +|closed-source +|[http://www.andritzautomation.com/index.php?page=about_us&subpage=ideas] +|- +|iiSE Simulator +|iiSE company +|Equation oriented chemical process simulator and optimizer +|Windows, Linux +|closed-source +|[http://iise.ltd/] +|- +|ITHACA +|Element Process +|General purpose dynamic chemical process simulator +|Windows +|closed-source +|[https://elementprocess.com.au/ithaca/] +|- +|JADE +|[[GSE Systems]] +|Dynamic process simulation +|Windows +|closed-source +|[https://www.gses.com/products/systems/platforms-development-tools/] +|- +|[[JModelica.org]] +|Modelon AB +|Process simulation +|Windows, Linux, macOS +|closed-source +|[https://jmodelica.org/] +|- +|K-Spice +|[[Kongsberg Digital]] +|Dynamic process simulation +|Windows +|closed-source +|[https://web.archive.org/web/20140315044150/http://www.kongsberg.com/en/kogt/offerings/software/k-spice/] +|- +|LedaFlow +|[[Kongsberg Digital]] +|Transient multiphase pipeline simulation +|Windows +|closed-source +|[https://www.kongsberg.com/ledaflow] +|- +|LIBPF +|simevo +|C++ Library for process flowsheeting +|Linux, Windows, macOS +|closed-source +|[https://libpf.com/sdk/] +|- +|METSIM +|Metsim International +|General-purpose dynamic and steady state process simulation system +|Windows +|closed-source +|[http://www.metsim.com] +|- +|[[Mimic Simulation Software]] +|MYNAH Technologies +|First-principles dynamic simulator built for software acceptance testing and operator training systems +|Windows +|closed-source +|[https://www.mynah.com/product/mimic] +|- +|Mobatec Modeller +|Mobatec +|Advanced Dynamic (Steady-State) Process Modelling Environment +|Windows +|closed-source +|[https://www.mobatec.nl/web/products/mobatec-modeller/] +|- +|NAPCON ProsDS +|Neste Engineering Solutions Oy +|Dynamic process simulation +|Windows +|closed-source +|[https://www.napconsuite.com/product/napcon-simulator/] +|- +|[[OLGA (technology)|OLGA]] +|[[Schlumberger]] +|Transient multiphase pipeline simulation +|Windows +|closed-source +|[https://www.software.slb.com/products/olga] +|- +|[[OLI Analyzer]] +|OLI Systems, Inc. +|Chemical phase equilibrium simulation featuring electrolytes +|Windows +|closed-source + +|[https://www.olisystems.com/] +|- +|Omegaland +|OMEGA Simulation +|Dynamic process simulation +|Windows +|closed-source +|[https://www.omegasim.co.jp/contents_e/product/ol/] +|- +|OptiRamp +|Statistics & Control, Inc. +|Real-time Process Simulation and Optimization, Multi variable Predictive Control +|Windows +|closed-source +|[https://web.archive.org/web/20170919004510/http://www.stctrl.com/] +|- +|[[OpenModelica]] +|Open-Source Modelica Consortium +|General purpose simulation +|Linux, macOS +|open-source ([https://github.com/OpenModelica/OpenModelica/blob/868b628a698d3de84ca2cfda0aba5f577f4ee144/OSMC-License.txt OSMC-PL 1.2]) +|[https://www.openmodelica.org/] +|- +|PD-PLUS +|Deerhaven Technical Software +|Steady-State Modeling of Chemical, Petrochemical, and Refining Processes +|Windows +|closed-source +|[http://www.deerhaventech.com/] +|- +|PIPE-FLO Professional +|[[Engineered Software Inc.]] +|Piping System Simulation and Design +|Windows +|closed-source +|[http://www.eng-software.com] +|- +|PIPEFLO +|Schlumberger +|Steady state multiphase flowline simulation +|Windows +|closed-source +|[https://www.software.slb.com/support/product] +|- +|PIPESIM +|[[Schlumberger]] +|Steady state multiphase flowline simulation +|Windows +|closed-source +|[https://www.software.slb.com/support/product] +|- +|PEL Suite +|PEL Software +|Steady state process simulation +|Windows +|closed-source +|[http://www.pelsoftware.com/products.php] +|- +|Petro-SIM +|[[KBC Advanced Technologies]] +|Dynamic process simulation +|Windows +|closed-source +|[https://www.kbc.global/software/process-simulation-software/] +|- +|PETROX +|[[Petrobras]] +|In-house steady state refining process simulator +|Windows +|closed-source +|N/A +|- +|Power Plant Simulator & Designer +|KED GmbH +|Basic Engineering and Dynamic process simulation for power plants +|Windows +|closed-source +|[http://www.powerplantsimulator.com/] +|- +|Process Studio +|Protomation +|Simulation Suite for Modeling, Engineering & Training +|Windows +|closed-source +|[http://www.protomation.com/] +|- +|Prode Properties +|Prode Software +|Thermodynamic Library, Properties of pure fluids and mixtures, Multi phase Equilibria + process simulation +|Windows +|closed-source +|[https://www.prode.com/en/ppp.htm] +|- +|Prode Process Interface +|Prode Software +|Process simulation, optimization realtime control +|Windows +|closed-source +|[https://www.prode.com/en/opcgashydrocarbon.htm] +|- +|[[ProMax]] +|Bryan Research & Engineering +|Process simulator capable of modeling oil & gas plants, refineries, and many chemical plants +|Windows +|closed-source +|[https://bre.com/ProMax-Main.aspx] +|- +|ProPhyPlus +|ProSim +|Thermodynamic calculation software +|Windows +|closed-source +|[https://www.prosim.net/en/product/prophyplus-thermodynamic-calculations/] +|- +|ProSec +|ProSim +|Simulation of brazed plate fin heat exchangers +|Windows +|closed-source +|[https://www.prosim.net/en/product/prosec-simulation-of-brazed-plate-fin-heat-exchangers/] +|- +|ProSim DAC +|ProSim +|Dynamic adsorption column simulation +|Windows +|closed-source +|[https://www.prosim.net/en/product/prosim-dac-dynamic-adsorption-column-simulation/] +|- +|ProSim HEX +|ProSim +|Heat Exchangers Simulation +|Windows +|closed-source +|[https://www.prosim.net/en/product/prosimhex-heat-exchangers-simulation/] +|- +|ProSimPlus +|ProSim +|Steady-state simulation and optimization of processes +|Windows +|closed-source +|[https://www.prosim.net/en/product/prosimplus-steady-state-simulation-and-optimization-of-processes/] +|- +|ProSimulator +|Sim Infosystems +|Process and Power plant simulation +|Windows +|closed-source +|[http://www.siminfosys.com/] +|- +|[[PRO/II]] +|[[Aveva|AVEVA]] +|Steady state process simulation +|Windows +|closed-source +|[http://software.invensys.com/products/simsci/design/pro-ii] +|- +|[[ROMeo (process optimizer)|ROMeo]] +|[[Aveva|AVEVA]] +|Process optimization +|Windows +|closed-source +|[https://www.aveva.com/en/products/process-optimization/] +|- +|Reaction Lab +|Scale-up Systems +|Chemist-oriented kinetic modeling and reaction optimization +|Windows +|closed-source +|[https://www.scale-up.com/ReactionLab] +|- +|RecoVR +|VRTech +|Industrial wastewater management +|Windows +|closed-source +|[https://web.archive.org/web/20180907005133/http://vrtech.com.br/pt/recovr/] +|- +|REX +|Optience +|Reactor Optimization and Kinetic Estimation +|Windows +|closed-source +|[http://www.optience.com/rex/] +|- +|SimCentral +|[[Aveva|AVEVA]] +|Steady state, Fluid flow and Dynamic process simulator. +|Windows +|closed-source +|[http://software.invensys.com/products/simsci/design/simcentral] +|- +|SimCreate +|TSC Simulation +|Real time, first principle and generic operator training simulations, plant specific emulations and OPC for live plant connections. +|Windows +|closed-source +|[http://www.tscsimulation.co.uk] +|- +|Simulis Thermodynamics +|ProSim +|Mixture properties and fluid phase equilibria calculations +|Windows +|closed-source +|[https://www.prosim.net/en/product/simulis-thermodynamics-mixture-properties-and-fluid-phase-equilibria-calculations/] +|- +|SolidSim (Now in Aspen Plus) +|SolidSim Engineering GmbH +|Flowsheet simulation of solids processes +|Windows +|closed-source +|[https://www.aspentech.com/en/resources/press-releases/aspentech-announces-availability-of-aspenonert-v8-process-optimization-software15032387367/] +|- +|SPEEDUP +|[[Aspen Technology]] +|Dynamic process simulation +|Unix, Windows +|closed-source +|[https://web.archive.org/web/19970126132506/http://www.aspentech.com/products/software/speedup/speedup.html] +|- +|SuperPro Designer +|[[Intelligen]] +|Batch and continuous process simulation. +|Windows +|closed-source +|[https://www.intelligen.com/products/superpro-overview/] +|- +|[[SysCAD]] +|KWA Kenwalt Australia +|Steady-state and dynamic process simulation +|Windows +|closed-source +|[http://www.syscad.net/] +|- +|UniSim Design Suite +|[[Honeywell]] +|Process simulation and optimization +|Windows +|closed-source +|[https://www.honeywellprocess.com/en-US/explore/products/advanced-applications/unisim/Pages/unisim-design-suite.aspx] +|- +|UniSim Competency Suite +|[[Honeywell]] +|Opertator Competency Management and Training +|Windows +|closed-source +|[https://www.honeywellprocess.com/en-US/explore/products/advanced-applications/unisim/unisim-competency-suite/Pages/default.aspx] +|- +|Usim Pac +|Caspeo +|Steady-state simulator for the mineral industry, biorefineries and waste treatment +|Windows +|closed-source +|[http://www.caspeo.net/usimpac] +|- +|Virtuoso +|[[John Wood Group|Wood PLC]] +|Multiphase dynamic process simulator for oil & gas production +|Windows +|closed-source +|[https://www.woodgroup.com/what-we-do/view-by-products-and-services/digital-solutions/virtuoso] +|- +|VMG Symmetry +|[[Schlumberger]] +|Steady state simulation, dynamic process simulation, transient multiphase flowline simulation +|Windows +|closed-source +|[http://virtualmaterials.com/VMGSim] +|- +|[[Wolfram SystemModeler]] +|[[Wolfram Research]] +|[[Modelica]]-based Dynamic multidomain modelling (mechanical, electrical, chemical) +|Windows, Mac, Linux +|closed-source +|[http://www.wolfram.com/system-modeler] +|} + +== See also == +* [[Chemical engineering]] +* [[Process simulation]] +* [[Process engineering]] + +== References == +{{reflist|refs= + +{{cite web + |title = JModelica Closed Source Announcement + |url = https://jmodelica.org/ + |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200213102643/https://jmodelica.org/ + |url-status = dead + |archive-date = 13 Feb 2020 + |access-date = 13 Feb 2020 +}} + +{{cite conference + |url = https://aiche.confex.com/aiche/s13/webprogram/Paper294028.html + |title = Petrobras in-House Process Simulator As a Strategic Advantage + |last1 = Barbosa + |first1 = Renato A. + |date = 1 May 2013 + |publisher = [[American Institute of Chemical Engineers|AIChE]] + |conference = 13 AIChE Spring Meeting, San Antonio, TX + |id = 294028 +}} + +{{Cite web + |title = SolidSim Engineering was acquired by Aspen Technology on February 9, 2012 + |url = https://mergr.com/solidsim-engineering-acquired-by-aspen-technology + |access-date = 24 Dec 2020 + |website = mergr.com + |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20201224230635/https://mergr.com/solidsim-engineering-acquired-by-aspen-technology + |archive-date = 24 Dec 2020 +}} + +{{cite web + |title = Solidsim + |url = https://www.colan.org/experiences-projects/solidsim/ + |access-date = 24 Dec 2020 + |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20201029221551/https://www.colan.org/experiences-projects/solidsim/ + |archive-date = 29 Oct 2020 + |quote = SolidSim Engineering was absorbed by Aspen Technology Inc. with the unit operations of SolidSim made available in Aspen Plus. +}} + +}} +* Seader, J.D., Seider, W.D. and Pauls, A.C.: Flowtran Simulation – An Introduction, 2nd Edition, CACHE (1977). +* Douglas, J.M.: Conceptual Design of Chemical Processes, McGraw-Hill, NY, USA (1988). +* Smith, R., Chemical process Design and Integration, Wiley, Chichester, UK (2005). +* Seider, W.D., Seader, J.D., Lewin, D.R. and Widagdo, S. Product and Process Design Principles: Synthesis, Analysis and Design, 3rd Ed., Wiley, Hoboken, NJ, USA (2015) + +{{DEFAULTSORT:List Of Chemical Process Simulators}} +[[Category:Chemical engineering software]] +[[Category:Lists of software|Chemical Process Simulators]] diff --git a/en.wikipedia.org/List_of_dry_communities_by_U.S._state/article.txt b/en.wikipedia.org/List_of_dry_communities_by_U.S._state/article.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..646b91c --- /dev/null +++ b/en.wikipedia.org/List_of_dry_communities_by_U.S._state/article.txt @@ -0,0 +1,466 @@ +{{short description|Wikimedia list article}} +{{Use mdy dates|date=September 2014}} +[[File:Alcohol control in the United States.svg|thumb|400x400px|Map showing {{legend inline|#CC0000|[[Dry county|dry]]}} (red), {{legend inline|#006BB1|wet}} (blue), and {{legend inline|#FBD515|[[Moist county|mixed]]}} (yellow) counties/parishes/boroughs in the United States as of May 2019|alt=]] +The following '''list of dry areas by U.S. state''' details all of the counties / parishes / boroughs / municipalities in the [[United States|United States of America]] that ban the sale of [[Alcoholic drink|alcoholic beverages]]. + +For more background information, see [[dry county]] and [[Prohibition in the United States]]. For more information on semi-wet counties, see [[moist county]]. + +==Overview== +===States that permit localities to go dry=== +33 states have laws that allow localities to prohibit the sale (and in some cases, consumption and possession) of liquor. Still, many of these states have no dry communities. Three states—[[Kansas]], [[Mississippi]], and [[Alcohol laws of Tennessee|Tennessee]]—are entirely dry by default: counties specifically must authorize the sale of alcohol in order for it to be legal and subject to state liquor control laws. +*[[Alabama]] specifically allows cities and counties to elect to go dry by public referendum.Ala. Code Title 28, Chapters 2 and 2A +*[[Alaska]] specifically allows local jurisdictions to elect to go dry by public referendum.A.S. Section 04.11.491 +*[[Arkansas]] specifically allows local jurisdictions to elect to go dry by public referendum.Ark. Code Title 3, Chapter 8 +*[[California]] specifically allows local jurisdictions to enact liquor laws that are stricter than state law.Cal. Bus. Code Section 25612.5 +*[[Colorado]] specifically allows cities and counties to exercise a [[local option]] by public referendum whether to go dry.Colorado Revised Statutes (C.R.S.) Section 12-47-105 +*[[Connecticut]] specifically allows towns to exercise a [[local option]] by public referendum whether to go dry.Conn. Gen. Stat. Section 545-30-9 +*[[Delaware]]'s state constitution allows specifically defined local districts to elect to go dry by public referendum.Dela. Const. Art. XIII +*[[Florida]] specifically allows counties to elect to go dry by public referendum.Fla. Const. art. VIII, s. 5; Fla. Stat. Chapter 567 +*[[Georgia (U.S. state)|Georgia]] specifically allows any local jurisdiction to go dry, without limitation on how that decision is made.O.C.G.A. § 3-10-1 +*[[Idaho]] allows local jurisdictions to prohibit sale of liquor by the drink by public referendum,Idaho Stat. Section 23-917 but because all retail package sales are controlled by the state, no local jurisdiction may prohibit package liquor sales for consumption off-premises. +*[[Kansas]] is dry by default; counties have to choose to allow liquor sales in order for liquor to be sold at all in the county.{{cite web|url=http://skyways.lib.ks.us/ksleg/KLRD/Publications/Kansas_liquor_laws_2003.pdf |title="Kansas Liquor Law," Kansas Legislative Research Department (2003) |format=PDF |accessdate=December 19, 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131022013021/http://skyways.lib.ks.us/ksleg/KLRD/Publications/Kansas_liquor_laws_2003.pdf |archive-date=October 22, 2013 }} (''see'' [[Alcohol laws of Kansas]]) +*[[Kentucky]] specifically allows local jurisdictions to elect to go dry by public referendum.Kentucky Revised Statutes Chapter 242 The Kentucky Constitution implies that the default wet/dry status of any local subdivision reflects the state of its local laws at the time that statewide prohibition ended.Ky. Const. § 61 +*[[Louisiana]] specifically allows local jurisdictions to go dry, without limitation on how that decision is made.La. R.S. Section 26:147 +*[[Maine]] specifically allows local jurisdictions to elect to go dry by public referendum.Maine R.S. Title 28-A Section 121 +*[[Massachusetts]] requires that a series of questions of whether to go dry be placed on each municipality's local ballot every two years, unless the municipality has voted to allow or prohibit liquor sales in three such consecutive elections.Mass. Gen. L. 138-11 +*[[Michigan]] allows any city, village, or township in which there are no retail liquor licenses to prohibit the retail sale of alcoholic liquor within its borders by passage of an ordinance.M.C.L. Section 436.2109 +*[[Minnesota]] allows any local jurisdiction to enact laws that are stricter than state liquor law, including completely prohibiting the sale, possession, and consumption of alcoholic beverages.Minn. Stat. Section 340A.509 +*[[Mississippi]] is dry by default; local jurisdictions have to choose to allow liquor sales in order for liquor to be sold at all in the county.Miss. Code Section 67-1-3 +*[[New Hampshire]] specifically allows local jurisdictions to elect to go dry by public referendum.N.H. Stat. Section 663:5 +*[[New Jersey]] specifically allows local jurisdictions to exercise control over the sale of alcoholic beverages in retail establishments (liquor stores, restaurants) and to limit or refuse to issue retail licenses.N.J. Stat. Section 33:1–40 +*[[New Mexico]] is wet by default, but dry on Sundays until noon. Law does, however, allow for local jurisdictions to elect to go dry by public referendum.N.M. Stat. Section 33:1–40 +*[[New York (state)|New York]] specifically allows cities and counties to exercise a [[local option]] by public referendum whether to go dry.New York Alcoholic Beverage Control Code, Article 9 (''see'' [[Alcohol laws of New York]]) +*[[North Carolina]] allows certain classes of local jurisdictions to exercise a [[local option]] by public referendum whether to go dry.N.C. Gen. Stat. §§18B-600 through 605 +*[[Ohio]] state law allows local jurisdictions to exercise a [[local option]] by public referendum whether to prohibit the sale of liquor.O.R.C. Section 4301.35 +*[[Rhode Island]] state law allows local jurisdictions to exercise a [[local option]] by public referendum whether to prohibit the sale of liquor.R.I. Gen. L. Section 3-5-2 +*[[South Dakota]] allows certain classes of local jurisdictions to exercise a [[local option]] by public referendum whether to prohibit the on-premises sale of liquor.S.D.C. Chapter 35-3 +*[[Tennessee]] is dry by default; local jurisdictions must choose whether to allow liquor sales in order for liquor to be sold.Tenn. Code Title 57, Chapters 2 and 3 (''see'' [[Alcohol laws of Tennessee]]) +*[[Texas]] allows local jurisdictions to exercise a [[local option]] to decide whether it is "wet" or "dry," and does not limit how that decision shall be made.Tex. Alcoholic Beverage Code Title 6 +*[[Vermont]] allows municipalities to exercise a [[local option]] by public referendum whether to prohibit the sale of liquor.7 V.S.A. Section 161 +*[[Virginia]] allows local jurisdictions to exercise a [[local option]] by public referendum whether to prohibit the sale of liquor.Va. Code Section 4.1–122 +*[[Washington (state)|Washington]] allows local jurisdictions to exercise a [[local option]] by public referendum whether to prohibit the sale of liquor.Chapter 66.40, R.C.W. +*[[West Virginia]] allows local jurisdictions to exercise a [[local option]] by public referendum whether to prohibit the sale of liquor.W.V.C. Section 60-8-27 +*[[Wisconsin]] allows local jurisdictions to exercise a [[local option]] by public referendum whether to prohibit the sale of liquor.Wisc. Stat. Ann. Section 125.05 + +===States that preclude dry communities=== + +17 states have laws that preclude the existence of any dry counties whatsoever: + +*[[Arizona]] prohibits local jurisdictions from enacting any alcohol laws stricter than state law.A.R.S. Section 4-224 As a result, no dry communities can exist in Arizona. +*[[Hawaii]] does not allow for any local control of liquor beyond licensing of manufacture and sale.H.R.S. Chapter 281 +*[[Illinois]] only allows for local control as to the "number, kind and classification of licenses, for sale at retail of alcoholic liquor," but such local control cannot supersede state law, thereby preventing any local jurisdiction from going dry.235 IL.C.S. 5/4‑1 +*[[Indiana]]'s comprehensive state alcohol laws only allow local liquor boards to issue liquor licenses for sale and manufacture; all other regulation of alcohol is an operation of state law.Ind. Code Title 7.1 +*[[Iowa]] state law specifically requires each county's liquor board to allow liquor licenses and follow the provisions of state liquor law.Iowa Code Section 123.32 As a result, there can be no dry cities or counties in Iowa. +*[[Maryland]] prohibits local jurisdictions from imposing restrictions on licensing that are stricter than state law.Md. Code Art. 2B, Section 8-101 +*[[Missouri]] state law specifically prohibits any counties, or unincorporated city or town from banning the retail sale of liquor, but only allows incorporated cities to ban the sale of liquor by the drink by public referendum.Sections 311.110–311.170, R.S.Mo. No incorporated Missouri cities have ever chosen to hold a referendum banning alcohol sales. In addition, Missouri state law specifically supersedes any local laws that restrict the sale of alcohol.Section 311.040, R.S.Mo. (''see'' [[Alcohol laws of Missouri]]) +*[[Montana]] state law vests control of alcoholic beverages solely in the power of the state, although county voters may, by initiative, prohibit alcohol sales.Mont. Code Section 16-1-101(2){{cite web|url=http://data.opi.mt.gov/bills/mca/16/1/16-1-205.htm |title=MCA 16-1-205 |publisher=Data.opi.mt.gov |accessdate=December 19, 2011}} The Crow Indian Reservation and Northern Cheyenne Indian Reservation are fully dry. Since the Reservations are considered federal lands, state laws do not apply. Tribal law bans possession and sale of alcohol completely, even if not tribal members. +*[[Nebraska]] only grants local governing bodies authority to approve applications and deny licenses pursuant to state law.Section 53-134.02, Revised Statutes of Nebraska +*[[Nevada]] state law specifically requires each county's board of county commissioners to allow liquor licenses and follow the provisions of state liquor law.Nevada Revised Statutes (N.R.S.) Chapter 369 As a result, there can be no dry cities or counties in Nevada, except that a few rural jurisdictions are [[grandfather clause|grandfathered]] into the ability to still be partially or totally dry. +*[[North Dakota]] state law provides that each local jurisdiction's liquor board must allow liquor licenses, and sets the range of allowable fees.N.D. Century Code Chapter 5-02 +*[[Oklahoma]] state law requires the liquor ordinances of municipalities and counties to conform to the state Alcoholic Beverage Control Act, and prohibits local jurisdictions from enacting penalties more severe than those of the state law.Okla. laws ch. 37 As a result, there can be no dry cities or counties in Oklahoma. (''see'' [[Alcohol laws of Oklahoma]]) +*[[Oregon]]'s Liquor Control Act, which is "designed to operate uniformly throughout the state," specifically replaces and supersedes "any and all municipal charter enactments or local ordinances inconsistent with it," thereby precluding dry communities in Oregon.Ore. Rev. Stat. Section 471.045 +*[[Pennsylvania]] state law vests control of alcoholic beverages solely in the power of the Commonwealth.Pa. Code Ch. 40 +*[[South Carolina]] state law vests control of alcoholic beverages exclusively in the power of the state, although counties are permitted to restrict the hours of operation of locations that sell alcohol.S.C. Code Section 61-2-80 +*[[Utah]] state law provides that local jurisdictions only may enact alcohol control legislation that does not conflict with state law, thereby precluding the ability of communities to go dry.Utah Code Section 32A-1-102 +*[[Wyoming]] state law provides that each local jurisdiction's liquor board must allow liquor licenses.Wyo. Stat. Section 12-4-101 + +==Alabama== +Of the 67 [[list of counties in Alabama|counties]] in [[Alabama]], three are completely dry, 23 are partially dry or "moist" (these counties contain cities that have voted to allow alcohol sales), and 41 are completely wet.[http://www.abc.alabama.gov/wet_dry.aspx Alabama] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090405124444/http://www.abc.alabama.gov/wet_dry.aspx |date=April 5, 2009 }}. Within those 23 "moist" counties, 41 city governments have legalized alcohol sales inside their city limits. +* In order for an Alabama city or county to hold a wet-dry vote, 25% of the voters in the preceding general election must sign a petition requesting a vote. A city must have a population in excess of 1,000 residents in order to have a referendum to go wet.[http://www.legislature.state.al.us/CodeofAlabama/1975/coatoc.htm Code of Alabama] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090107053602/http://www.legislature.state.al.us/CodeofAlabama/1975/coatoc.htm |date=January 7, 2009 }}. Petitions can be made to go from dry to wet or wet to dry. + +==Alaska== +* State law allows each village to decide on restrictions, and some [[Borough (Alaska)|boroughs]] may prohibit it altogether.{{cite web|url=http://commerce.alaska.gov/dnn/abc/Resources/DryDampCommunities.aspx|title=Dry / Damp Communities|publisher=Alcoholic Beverage Control Board}} + +Three terms describe Alaskan villages in common usage: + +* A "dry village" bans both the sale and possession of alcohol. +* A "wet village" permits both the sale and possession of alcohol. +* A "damp village" permits possession of alcohol but bans the sale of it. + +There is wide variation of restrictions placed on the possession and movement of alcohol in the "damp" villages, some villages permit residents to order alcohol from stores outside the ban area and have it shipped in, while other villages require the person owning the alcohol to personally bring the alcohol into their jurisdiction. + +Beer, wine and liquor cannot be purchased in grocery stores. Convenience stores and gas stations that sell alcohol must have a separate section with a separate entrance, and separate cash registers. + +==Arkansas== +* [[Arkansas]] has 75 counties, 34 of which are dry, and all alcohol sales are forbidden statewide on Sundays (Packaged beer and wine sales are currently allowed on Sundays in the cities of Altus, Eureka Springs, Springdale and Tontitown; additionally, licensed microbreweries can sell [[Growler (jug)|growlers]] for carry-out on Sundays) and on Christmas Day. The issue is more complex than that, however, since any local jurisdiction (county, municipal, etc.) can exercise control over alcohol laws via public referendum. For this reason, some cities like [[Jacksonville, Arkansas|Jacksonville]], are dry despite being located in a "wet" county. In [[Fort Smith, Arkansas|Fort Smith]] the same situation exists but with a wet city existing in an otherwise dry county. A city or municipality can elect to go dry in a wet county, but a city or municipality cannot elect to go wet in a dry county. Occasionally, in counties with two county seats, one district may be wet and the other dry, such as [[Sebastian County, Arkansas|Sebastian]] and [[Logan County, Arkansas|Logan]] Counties. +* Dry counties (with county seat(s) in parentheses): [[Ashley County, Arkansas|Ashley]] ([[Hamburg, Arkansas|Hamburg]]), [[Bradley, Arkansas|Bradley]] ([[Warren, Arkansas|Warren]]), [[Clay County, Arkansas|Clay]] ([[Corning, Arkansas|Corning]]/[[Piggott, Arkansas|Piggott]]), [[Cleburne County, Arkansas|Cleburne]] ([[Heber Springs]]), [[Craighead County, Arkansas|Craighead]] ([[Jonesboro, Arkansas|Jonesboro]]/[[Lake City, Arkansas|Lake City]]), [[Crawford County, Arkansas|Crawford]] ([[Van Buren, Arkansas|Van Buren]]), [[Faulkner County, Arkansas|Faulkner]] ([[Conway, Arkansas|Conway]]), [[Fulton County, Arkansas|Fulton]] ([[Salem, Fulton County, Arkansas|Salem]]), [[Grant County, Arkansas|Grant]] ([[Sheridan, Arkansas|Sheridan]]), [[Hempstead County, Arkansas|Hempstead]] ([[Hope, Arkansas|Hope]]), [[Hot Spring County, Arkansas|Hot Spring]] ([[Malvern, Arkansas|Malvern]]), [[Howard County, Arkansas|Howard]] ([[Nashville, Arkansas|Nashville]]), [[Independence County, Arkansas|Independence]] ([[Batesville, Arkansas|Batesville]]), [[Izard County, Arkansas|Izard]] ([[Melbourne, Arkansas|Melbourne]]), [[Johnson County, Arkansas|Johnson]] ([[Clarksville, Arkansas|Clarksville]]), [[Lafayette County, Arkansas|Lafayette]] ([[Lewisville, Arkansas|Lewisville]]), [[Lawrence County, Arkansas|Lawrence]] ([[Walnut Ridge, Arkansas|Walnut Ridge]]/[[Powhatan, Arkansas|Powhatan]]), [[Lincoln County, Arkansas|Lincoln]] ([[Star City, Arkansas|Star City]]), [[Little River County, Arkansas|Little River]] ([[Ashdown, Arkansas|Ashdown]]), [[Logan County, Arkansas|Southern Logan]] ([[Booneville, Arkansas|Booneville]]), [[Lonoke County, Arkansas|Lonoke]] ([[Lonoke]]), [[Montgomery County, Arkansas|Montgomery]] ([[Mount Ida, Arkansas|Mt. Ida]]), [[Newton County, Arkansas|Newton]] ([[Jasper, Arkansas|Jasper]]), [[Perry County, Arkansas|Perry]] ([[Perryville, Arkansas|Perryville]]), [[Pike County, Arkansas|Pike]] ([[Murfreesboro, Arkansas|Murfreesboro]]), [[Polk County, Arkansas|Polk]] ([[Mena, Arkansas|Mena]]), [[Pope County, Arkansas|Pope]] ([[Russellville, Arkansas|Russellville]]), [[Scott County, Arkansas|Scott]] ([[Waldron, Arkansas|Waldron]]), [[Searcy County, Arkansas|Searcy]] ([[Marshall, Arkansas|Marshall]]), [[Sebastian County, Arkansas|Southern Sebastian]] ([[Greenwood, Arkansas|Greenwood]]), [[Sevier County, Arkansas|Sevier]] ([[De Queen, Arkansas|De Queen]]), [[Stone County, Arkansas|Stone]] ([[Mountain View, Arkansas|Mountain View]]), [[Van Buren County, Arkansas|Van Buren]] ([[Clinton, Arkansas|Clinton]]), [[White County, Arkansas|White]] ([[Searcy, Arkansas|Searcy]]), and [[Yell County, Arkansas|Yell]] ([[Dardanelle]]/[[Danville, Arkansas|Danville]]). +* Wet counties (with county seat(s) in parentheses): Arkansas (De Witt/Stuttgart), Baxter (Mountain Home), [[Benton County, Arkansas|Benton]] ([[Bentonville, Arkansas|Bentonville]]),{{cite news|title=Benton County votes "wet" with 66 percent approval |first=Kim |last=Souza |url=http://www.magnoliareporter.com/news_and_business/regional_news/article_e4fd026e-295e-11e2-8731-0019bb2963f4.html |newspaper=Magnolia Reporter |date=November 7, 2012 |accessdate=November 8, 2012 |archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/6C0y5sW0H?url=http://www.magnoliareporter.com/news_and_business/regional_news/article_e4fd026e-295e-11e2-8731-0019bb2963f4.html |archive-date=November 8, 2012 |url-status=dead }} Boone (Harrison), Carroll (Berryville/Eureka Springs), Chicot (Lake Village), Clark (Arkadelphia), Cleveland (Rison), [[Columbia County, Arkansas|Columbia]] ([[Magnolia, Arkansas|Magnolia]]),{{cite web|url=http://www.magnoliareporter.com/news_and_business/local_news/article_17c16af2-64a7-11e4-9531-fbc1f09749fd.html|title=Election results: Columbia County goes wet, Vann wins Magnolia mayor's race, Blair new county treasurer|work=Magnolia Reporter - Magnolia, Arkansas News}} Conway (Morrillton), Crittenden (Marion), Cross (Wynne), Desha (Arkansas City), Dallas (Fordyce), Drew (Monticello), Franklin (Ozark/Charleston), Garland (Hot Springs), Greene (Paragould), Jackson (Newport), Jefferson (Pine Bluff), Lee (Marianna), northern Logan (Paris), [[Madison County, Arkansas|Madison]] ([[Huntsville, Arkansas|Huntsville]]), Marion (Yellville), Miller (Texarkana), Mississippi (Osceola/Blytheville), Monroe (Clarendon), Ouachita (Camden), Phillips (Helena), Poinsett (Harrisburg), Prairie (Des Arc/De Valls Bluff), Pulaski (Little Rock), [[Saline County, Arkansas|Saline]] ([[Benton, Arkansas|Benton]]),{{cite web|url=http://www.bentoncourier.com/content/saline-county-votes-yes-wet|title=Saline County votes 'yes' for wet|website=Bentoncourier.com}} St. Francis (Forrest City), northern Sebastian (Fort Smith), Sharp (Ash Flat) Union (El Dorado), Washington (Fayetteville), and Woodruff (Augusta). + +==Connecticut== +* There is no legally dry community in [[Connecticut]]. [[Bridgewater, Connecticut|Bridgewater]] was the last remaining [[Dry county|dry town]] in the state; voters approved the sale of alcohol in a 2014 referendum by a 660-246 vote.David Moran, [http://www.courant.com/news/connecticut/hc-bridgewater-dry-town-20141110-story.html Connecticut's Last 'Dry' Town Votes To Get 'Wet'], ''Hartford Courant'', November 10, 2014.[http://www.nbcconnecticut.com/news/local/CTs-Last-Dry-Town-No-More-Historic-Vote-Could-Reverse-Bridgewater-Alcohol-Sales-Ban-281457131.html Connecticut's Last Dry Town No More: Historic Vote Reverses Bridgewater Alcohol Sales Ban], NBC Connecticut, November 4, 2014. + +==Florida== +There are three dry counties in [[Florida]]: [[Lafayette County, Florida|Lafayette County]] in [[North Central Florida]] and [[Liberty County, Florida|Liberty]] and [[Washington County, Florida|Washington]] counties in the [[Florida Panhandle]].Associated Press, [http://www.tampabay.com/incoming/number-of-dry-counties-in-florida-dwindling/1238768 Number of dry counties in Florida dwindling], July 4, 2012. + +Before 2012, [[Madison County, Florida|Madison County]] was partially dry; it only allowed beer sales if the beer's alcohol content was under 6.243 percent. Madison County voters repealed that law in 2012.{{cite web|url=http://www.madisonyes.com/|title=MadisonYES!|website=Madisonyes.com}}[http://www.myfloridalicense.com/dbpr/abt/archives.html#NOLONGERDRY Madison County is Officially No Longer a Dry County], [[Florida Department of Business and Professional Regulation]]. [[Suwannee County, Florida|Suwannee County]] was formerly dry, but county voters chose to go "wet" by a 2-1 margin in a 2011 vote. + +Until the 1950s [[Leon County, Florida|Leon County]] and [[Wakulla County, Florida|Wakulla County]] were dry. The closest spot alcohol could be legally purchased was [[Perry, Florida|Perry]], in [[Taylor County, Florida|Taylor County]]. + +Various Florida counties and cities are wet, but have [[blue law]]s regulating alcohol sales on Sunday morning.[http://opinionzone.blog.palmbeachpost.com/2013/11/06/should-cities-repeal-blue-laws-that-ban-sunday-alcohol-sales/ Should cities repeal ‘blue laws’ that ban Sunday alcohol sales?], ''Palm Beach Post'', November 6, 2013.Ralph de la Cruz, [http://articles.sun-sentinel.com/2008-08-05/news/0808040448_1_blue-law-liquor-law-alcohol No more blues: Liquor law to ease: Boynton ready to let you buy alcohol earlier on Sunday. It's about time], ''Sun-Sentinel'', August 5, 2008. + +==Georgia== +All Georgia counties are fully wet, with the exception of the following: +*[[Bleckley County, Georgia|Bleckley County]] prohibits the sale of distilled spirits for retail and on-site consumption.{{Cite web|url=https://library.municode.com/ga/bleckley_county/codes/code_of_ordinances?nodeId=PTIICOOR_CH10ALBE|title=Municode Library|website=Library.municode.com}} +*[[Bulloch County, Georgia|Bulloch County]] prohibits the retail sale of distilled spirits.[https://library.municode.com/index.aspx?clientID=12416&stateID=10&statename=Georgia Bulloch County, Georgia, Code of Ordinances >> PART II - CODE OF ORDINANCES >> Chapter 3 - ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES >> ARTICLE II. LICENSING >>]. Library.municode.com +* [[Butts County, Georgia|Butts County]] prohibits the sale of distilled spirits for on-site consumption.{{Cite web|url=https://library.municode.com/ga/butts_county/codes/code_of_ordinances|title=Municode Library|website=Library.municode.com}} +* [[Coweta County, Georgia|Coweta County]] prohibits the retail sale of distilled spirits.[https://library.municode.com/index.aspx?clientId=14179 Coweta County, Georgia, Code of Ordinances >> PART II - CODE OF ORDINANCES >> Chapter 6 - ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES >> ARTICLE II. LICENSING >>]. Library.municode.co +* [[Decatur County, Georgia|Decatur County]] prohibits the sale of distilled spirits for on-site consumption.{{Cite web |url=http://bainbridgega.com/decatur/AlcoholOrd.shtml |title=Archived copy |access-date=June 14, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303221202/http://bainbridgega.com/decatur/AlcoholOrd.shtml |archive-date=March 3, 2016 |url-status=dead }} +* [[Effingham County, Georgia|Effingham County]] prohibits the retail sale of distilled spirits.[https://library.municode.com/index.aspx?clientId=13113 Effingham County Code of Ordinances >> PART II - OFFICIAL CODE >> Chapter 6 - ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES >> ARTICLE III. - LICENSES >> DIVISION 1. GENERALLY >>]. Library.municode.co +* [[Hart County, Georgia|Hart County]] prohibits the sale of distilled spirits for retail and on-site consumption.[https://library.municode.com/index.aspx?clientId=13236 Hart County, Georgia, Code of Ordinances >> PART II - CODE OF ORDINANCES >> Chapter 6 - ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES >> ARTICLE I. IN GENERAL >>]. Library.municode.co +* [[Lumpkin County, Georgia|Lumpkin County]] prohibits the retail sale of distilled spirits.[https://library.municode.com/index.aspx?clientId=14645 Lumpkin County, Georgia, Code of Ordinances >> PART II - CODE OF ORDINANCES >> Chapter 4 ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES >>]. Library.municode.co +* [[Murray County, Georgia|Murray County]] prohibits the sale of distilled spirits for retail and on-site consumption.{{cite web|url=https://library.municode.com/index.aspx?clientId=14333|title=Municode Library|website=Library.municode.com}} +* [[Union County, Georgia|Union County]] prohibits the retail sale of distilled spirits.{{Cite web |url=http://www.unioncountyga.gov/Portals/0/CommissionersOffice/UnionCountyAlcoholOrdinance.pdf |title=Archived copy |access-date=June 14, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140714170727/http://www.unioncountyga.gov/Portals/0/CommissionersOffice/UnionCountyAlcoholOrdinance.pdf |archive-date=July 14, 2014 |url-status=dead }} +* [[Upson County, Georgia|Upson County]] prohibits the retail sale of distilled spirits.{{Cite web |url=http://www.upsoncountyga.org/departments/finance_admin_files/beer_wine_app.pdf |title=Archived copy |access-date=June 14, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140714183008/http://www.upsoncountyga.org/departments/finance_admin_files/beer_wine_app.pdf |archive-date=July 14, 2014 |url-status=dead }} The sale of distilled spirits for on-site consumption was approved by vote in May 2014.{{cite web|url=http://results.enr.clarityelections.com/GA/Upson/51491/130922/en/summary.html|title=Upson - Election Results|website=Results.enr.clarityelections.com}} +* [[White County, Georgia|White County]] prohibits the sale of distilled spirits for retail and on-site consumption (except for the City of Helen).{{cite web |url=http://www.whitecounty.net/county_commissioners_office/Alcohol_Ordinance/Alcoholic%20Bev%20Ord.pdf |title=The White County Alcoholic Beverage Ordinance: As amended on October 4, 2010 |accessdate=2014-06-14 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110816045642/http://www.whitecounty.net/county_commissioners_office/Alcohol_Ordinance/Alcoholic%20Bev%20Ord.pdf |archive-date=August 16, 2011 |df=mdy-all }} + +==Illinois== +* [[Edwards County, Illinois|Edwards County]] is a dry county, with multiple referendums to allow alcohol sales failing in the mid-1990s. The portion of [[Grayville, Illinois|Grayville]] that lies within Edwards County does allow alcohol sales per Grayville city ordinance.{{Cite web|url=https://www2.illinois.gov/ilcc/Pages/Home.aspx|title=ILCC|website=2.illinois.gov}} +* [[Moweaqua, Illinois|Moweaqua]], located in Shelby County, and founded in 1854, was a dry town since origination until March 2014. +* The village of [[South Holland, Illinois|South Holland]] has been a dry municipality since it was founded by [[Dutch Reformed Church|Dutch Reformed]] immigrants in 1894.{{cite web|url=http://www.southholland.org/index.php?page=Community/distinctive |title=Village of South Holland - South Holland Distinctive Traits |publisher=Southholland.org |accessdate=June 7, 2010}} In accordance with the state liquor law (see overview), South Holland bans the sale of alcohol by not issuing licenses for any business to sell alcohol in the community. The possession, consumption and transport of alcohol are all permitted in South Holland. Other villages in Illinois' [[Cook County]], such as [[Oak Park, Illinois|Oak Park]] and [[Evanston, Illinois|Evanston]], were once dry communities, but have since re-allowed the sale of alcohol, though these villages still tend to have tougher regulation on alcohol sales than the rest of the county. +* [[South Ottawa Township, LaSalle County, Illinois|South Ottawa Township, LaSalle County]] within [[Ottawa, Illinois|Ottawa]] elected to stay dry after the end of Prohibition; it remained a dry township until this was overturned by a unanimous city council vote in October 2013.{{cite web|title='High time' for Ottawa South Side liquor sales - The Times: Local|url=http://www.mywebtimes.com/news/local/high-time-for-ottawa-south-side-liquor-sales/article_9b3503e6-23b1-577a-b689-cfbd73186f16.html|work=The Times|accessdate=October 15, 2013}} +* [[Wheaton, Illinois|Wheaton]], which has a large evangelical Christian population, prohibited the sale of alcoholic beverages from 1887 until 1985.{{cite news|last1=Goldsborough|first1=Bob|title=Once-dry Wheaton ready for weekend Ale Fest|url=http://www.triblocal.com/wheaton/2011/08/03/once-dry-wheaton-ready-for-weekend-ale-fest/index.html|accessdate=3 October 2014|work=[[Chicago Tribune]]|date=3 August 2011}} + +==Kansas== +{{main|Alcohol laws of Kansas}} + +[[Kansas]] had prohibition longer than any other state, from 1881 to 1948, and continued to prohibit bars selling liquor by the drink until 1987. Both the 1948 amendment to the [[Wyandotte Constitution|Kansas Constitution]] that ended prohibition and the 1986 amendment that allowed for open saloons provided that the amendments only would be in effect in counties that had approved the respective amendments, either during the election over the amendment itself or subsequently. + +All counties in Kansas have approved the 1948 amendment, but 19 dry counties never approved the 1986 amendment and therefore continue to prohibit any and all sale of liquor by the drink.{{cite web|url=http://www.ksrevenue.org/abcnoliq.html |title=Kansas Department of Revenue: Counties with No Liquor by the Drink |publisher=Ksrevenue.org |accessdate=June 7, 2010}} Public bars (so-called "open saloons") are illegal in these dry counties. Another 59 counties (including [[Johnson County, Kansas|Johnson County]], the largest county in Kansas and the largest Kansas portion of the [[Kansas City Metropolitan Area]]) approved the 1986 amendment but with a requirement that to sell liquor by the drink, an establishment must receive 30% of its gross revenues from food sales.{{cite web|url=http://www.ksrevenue.org/abcliq30.htm |title=Kansas Department of Revenue: Wet Counties – Counties with Liquor by the Drink with 30% Food Requirement |publisher=Ksrevenue.org |accessdate=June 7, 2010}} Only 17 counties in Kansas approved the 1986 amendment without any limitation, allowing liquor to be sold by the drink without any food sales requirement.{{cite web|url=http://www.ksrevenue.org/abcliqnofood.htm |title=Kansas Department of Revenue: Wet Counties – Counties with Liquor by the Drink and No Food Requirement |publisher=Ksrevenue.org |accessdate=June 7, 2010}} + +==Kentucky== +{{main|Alcohol laws of Kentucky}} + +(As of February 2020) https://abc.ky.gov/Local-Information/Documents/Wet-DryMap02-20.pdfOf the 120 [[list of counties in Kentucky|counties]] in [[Kentucky]], 11 counties are dry, 53 are wet, and the remaining 56 are either "moist" or dry with special circumstances. + +==Maine== +Maine has a distinctive place in the history of prohibition because its law went into effect in 1851 to make it the first dry state in the country and perhaps in the world.{{Cite web|url=http://wgme.com/news/local/a-century-after-prohibition-some-maine-towns-are-still-dry|title=A century after Prohibition, some Maine towns are still dry|last=Journal|first=Steve Collins, Sun|date=2019-08-25|website=WGME|access-date=2019-08-25}} + +Maine’s current dry towns are Amity, Atkinson, Blaine, Bowerbank, Bremen, Cary Plantation, Castle Hill, Chapman, Charleston, Charlotte, Codeyville Plantation, Deblois, Dyer Brook, Edinburg, Elliotsville Plantation, Frenchboro, Grand Falls Plantation, Hersey, Lincoln Plantation, Littleton, Long Island Plantation, Machiasport, Mariaville, Maxfield, Merrill, No. 14 Plantation, No. 33 Plantation, Ocean Park, Perham, Reed Plantation, Roque Bluffs, Seboeis Plantation, Smyrna, Swan’s Island, Sweden, Talmadge, Vienna, Wade, Westfield, Whitneyville, Willimantic. + +==Massachusetts== +{{Location map+|USA Massachusetts|relief=|caption=Dry towns in [[Massachusetts]]|width=300|places= + {{Location map~|USA Massachusetts|label=[[Alford, Massachusetts|Alford]]|lat_deg=42|lat_min=14|lat_sec=08 |lat_dir=N |lon_deg=73|lon_min=24|lon_sec=50|lon_dir=W}} + {{Location map~|USA Massachusetts|label=[[Chilmark, Massachusetts|Chilmark]]|lat_deg=41|lat_min=20|lat_sec=35 |lat_dir=N |lon_deg=70|lon_min=44|lon_sec=43|lon_dir=W}} + {{Location map~|USA Massachusetts|label=[[Dunstable, Massachusetts|Dunstable]]|lat_deg=42|lat_min=40|lat_sec=30 |lat_dir=N |lon_deg=71|lon_min=29|lon_sec=00|lon_dir=W}} + {{Location map~|USA Massachusetts|label=[[Gosnold, Massachusetts|Gosnold]]|lat_deg=41|lat_min=28|lat_sec=54 |lat_dir=N |lon_deg=70|lon_min=45|lon_sec=25|lon_dir=W}} + {{Location map~|USA Massachusetts|label=[[Hawley, Massachusetts|Hawley]]|lat_deg=42|lat_min=33|lat_sec=52 |lat_dir=N |lon_deg=72|lon_min=52|lon_sec=42|lon_dir=W}} + {{Location map~|USA Massachusetts|label=[[Montgomery, Massachusetts|Montgomery]]|lat_deg=42|lat_min=12|lat_sec= |lat_dir=N |lon_deg=72|lon_min=48|lon_sec=|lon_dir=W}} + {{Location map~|USA Massachusetts|label=[[Mount Washington, Massachusetts|Mount Washington]]|lat_deg=42|lat_min=05|lat_sec= |lat_dir=N |lon_deg=73|lon_min=27|lon_sec=|lon_dir=W}} + {{Location map~|USA Massachusetts|label=[[Westhampton, Massachusetts|Westhampton]]|lat_deg=42|lat_min=18|lat_sec=10 |lat_dir=N |lon_deg=72|lon_min=46|lon_sec=30|lon_dir=W}} + {{Location map~|USA Massachusetts|label=[[Tisbury, Massachusetts|Tisbury]]|mark=green pog.svg|position=right|lat_deg=41|lat_min=27|lat_sec=22 |lat_dir=N |lon_deg=70|lon_min=36|lon_sec=40|lon_dir=W}} +}} + +As of 2013, there were only eight completely dry towns in Massachusetts: [[Alford, Massachusetts|Alford]], [[Chilmark, Massachusetts|Chilmark]], [[Dunstable, Massachusetts|Dunstable]], [[Gosnold, Massachusetts|Gosnold]], [[Hawley, Massachusetts|Hawley]], [[Montgomery, Massachusetts|Montgomery]], [[Mount Washington, Massachusetts|Mount Washington]], and [[Westhampton, Massachusetts|Westhampton]].Evan Allen, These towns have 0.11% of the overall population of the state, though Chilmak's rises slightly in the summer months. [http://www.boston.com/news/local/massachusetts/2013/02/14/how-dry-they-were-needham-latest-town-loosen-rules-alcohol-sales/HGTMvxRq5ynzVEFo33phcN/story.html Selectmen grant 5 retail liquor permits], ''Boston Globe'', February 14, 2013.[http://www.mass.gov/abcc/pdf/DRY%20TOWNS%20as%20of%202-23-2012.pdf Dry Towns in Massachusetts], [[Massachusetts Alcoholic Beverage Control Commission]], February 23, 2012. The number of dry towns has decreased over time: according to the [[Massachusetts Alcoholic Beverage Control Commission]], there were 20 dry towns in Massachusetts in 2000. + +[[Tisbury, Massachusetts|Tisbury]] is a formerly dry town that became partially wet after voters passed a motion at the Tisbury town election on April 27, 2012. Alcoholic beverages may only be served to patrons who are consuming a full meal.{{cite web|url=http://www.mvtimes.com/marthas-vineyard/article.php?id=1606 |title=Tisbury uncorks first wine and beer sales : The Martha's Vineyard Times |publisher=Mvtimes.com |accessdate=December 19, 2011}} [[Rockport, Massachusetts|Rockport]], after being dry since 1856, allowed alcohol sales in restaurants in 2006 and in stores in 2019.{{Cite web|url=https://www.boston.com/news/local-news/2019/01/26/dry-for-162-years-massachusetts-town-now-allows-alcohol-sales|title=Dry for 162 years, Massachusetts town now allows alcohol sales {{!}} Boston.com|website=www.boston.com|language=en-US|access-date=2019-10-10}} + +==Michigan== +* [[Hudsonville, Michigan|Hudsonville]] voted to allow alcohol sales on November 6, 2007, ending its run as the last dry city in Michigan. Hudsonville's vote follows the precedent of voters in both [[Zeeland, Michigan|Zeeland]], and [[Allendale Charter Township, Michigan|Allendale Charter Township]], choosing to overturn their bans on alcohol sales to adults age 21 and older in recent years.{{cite news |url= http://blog.mlive.com/chronicle/2007/11/city_chooses_booze_to_spark_gr.html |title=City Chooses Booze to Spark Growth |work= [[Muskegon Chronicle]] |date=November 7, 2007 |accessdate=January 21, 2013}} +* [[Oak Park, Michigan|Oak Park]] had been dry since its establishment in 1945. A vote on July 15, 2013, allows up to 20 restaurants to obtain tavern licenses, but they could not sell spirits or mixed drinks.{{cite news |last= Andrews |first= Amy |title= Long Dry Oak Park: Eateries Can Sell Beer, Wine |url= http://wrbw.membercenter.worldnow.com/story/22850521/long-dry-oak-park-eateries-can-sell-beer-wine |location= Southfield, MI |publisher= [[WJBK-TV]] |accessdate= July 29, 2013 |archive-url= https://archive.is/20130729152757/http://wrbw.membercenter.worldnow.com/story/22850521/long-dry-oak-park-eateries-can-sell-beer-wine |archive-date= July 29, 2013 |url-status= dead }} On May 5, 2015 the citizens of Oak Park voted to allow mixed drinks to be sold at businesses within city limits in addition to beer and wine, which were previously allowed. + +==Minnesota== +{{update|section|date=May 2017}} +* [[Lakeside - Lester Park (Duluth)|Lakeside]], a neighborhood within [[Duluth, Minnesota|Duluth]], prohibited the sale of alcohol even though it is part of a larger municipality. This was part of its charter when it was incorporated into Duluth in 1893. An advisory referendum to overturn the prohibition failed by one vote (2858 to 2857) in November 2008.{{cite web |url=http://www.duluthmn.gov/clerk/voting/eleresg2008.htm |title=Summary Report Unofficial Results-Duluth, Mn |publisher=Duluthmn.gov |date=November 4, 2008 |accessdate=June 7, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100530182521/https://www.duluthmn.gov/clerk/voting/eleresg2008.htm |archive-date=May 30, 2010 |url-status=dead }} A later referendum passed, and the ban was repealed by the City Council on June 27, 2016.{{cite web|url=http://www.duluthnewstribune.com/news/4063383-duluth-city-council-lifts-ban-liquor-sales-lakeside-lester-park |title=Duluth City Council lifts ban on liquor sales in Lakeside, Lester Park |publisher=Duluth News Tribune |accessdate=September 4, 2016}} +* A law was passed permitting the sale of liquor in liquor stores (off-sale) on Sundays in Minnesota starting July 2, 2017.{{cite web|url=http://www.fox9.com/news/239192052-story |title=Sunday liquor sales officially passes Minnesota Legislature |publisher=Fox 9 |accessdate=May 8, 2017}} [[Minnesota]] no longer prohibits the sale of liquor in liquor stores (off-sale) on Sundays. Bars and restaurants may also sell liquor on Sundays for on-premises consumption. [[Low-alcohol beer#Low-point beer|3.2% alcohol beer]] is also allowed for sale on Sundays in convenience and grocery stores. +* No alcohol is sold on the [[Red Lake Indian Reservation]]. + +==Mississippi== + +Of the 82 counties in [[Mississippi]], the following prohibit the sale of beer and light wine (with the exception of select "wet" cities):{{Cite web|url=https://www.wtva.com/content/news/Voters-say-yes-to-alcohol-sales-in-Booneville-563176691.html|title=Voters say|website=WTVA News|language=en|access-date=2019-11-22}} + +{{col-begin}} +{{col-break}} +*[[Alcorn County, Mississippi|Alcorn]] (except in [[Corinth, Mississippi|Corinth]]) +*[[Benton County, Mississippi|Benton]] +*[[Calhoun County, Mississippi|Calhoun]] (except in [[Pittsboro, Mississippi|Pittsboro]]) +*[[Chickasaw County, Mississippi|Chickasaw]] (except in [[Okolona, Mississippi|Okolona]]) +*[[Choctaw County, Mississippi|Choctaw]] +*[[Copiah County, Mississippi|Copiah]] (except in [[Crystal Springs, Mississippi|Crystal Springs]] and [[Hazlehurst, Mississippi|Hazlehurst]]) +*[[Covington County, Mississippi|Covington]] (except in [[Collins, Mississippi|Collins]]) +*[[George County, Mississippi|George]] (except in [[Lucedale, Mississippi|Lucedale]]) +*[[Itawamba County, Mississippi|Itawamba]] (except in [[Fulton, Mississippi|Fulton]]) +*[[Jones County, Mississippi|Jones]] (except in [[Ellisville, Mississippi|Ellisville]] and [[Laurel, Mississippi|Laurel]]) +*[[Lafayette County, Mississippi|Lafayette]] (except in [[Oxford, Mississippi|Oxford]]) +*[[Lamar County, Mississippi|Lamar]] (except in portion of [[Hattiesburg, Mississippi|Hattiesburg]] located inside county) +*[[Leake County, Mississippi|Leake]] (except in [[Carthage, Mississippi|Carthage]]) +*[[Lincoln County, Mississippi|Lincoln]] (except in [[Brookhaven, Mississippi|Brookhaven]]) +*[[Monroe County, Mississippi|Monroe]] (except in [[Aberdeen, Mississippi|Aberdeen]]) +*[[Neshoba County, Mississippi|Neshoba]] (except in [[Philadelphia, Mississippi|Philadelphia]]) +{{col-break}} +*[[Newton County, Mississippi|Newton]] (except in [[Newton, Mississippi|Newton]]) +*[[Oktibbeha County, Mississippi|Oktibbeha]] (except in [[Starkville, Mississippi|Starkville]]) +*[[Pearl River County, Mississippi|Pearl River]] (except in [[Picayune, Mississippi|Picayune]] and [[Poplarville, Mississippi|Poplarville]]) +*[[Pontotoc County, Mississippi|Pontotoc]] (except in [[Pontotoc, Mississippi|Pontotoc]]) +*[[Prentiss County, Mississippi|Prentiss]] (except in [[Booneville, Mississippi|Booneville]]) +*[[Rankin County, Mississippi|Rankin]] (except in [[Flowood, Mississippi|Flowood]] and portion of [[Jackson, Mississippi|Jackson]] located inside county) +*[[Scott County, Mississippi|Scott]] (except in [[Forest, Mississippi|Forest]] and [[Morton, Mississippi|Morton]]) +*[[Simpson County, Mississippi|Simpson]] (except [[Magee, Mississippi|Magee]] and [[Mendenhall, Mississippi|Mendenhall]]) +*[[Smith County, Mississippi|Smith]] +*[[Stone County, Mississippi|Stone]] (except in [[Wiggins, Mississippi|Wiggins]]) +*[[Tate County, Mississippi|Tate]] (except in [[Senatobia, Mississippi|Senatobia]]) +*[[Tippah County, Mississippi|Tippah]] (except in [[Ripley, Mississippi|Ripley]]) +*[[Union County, Mississippi|Union]] (except in [[New Albany, Mississippi|New Albany]]) +*[[Walthall County, Mississippi|Walthall]] +*[[Wayne County, Mississippi|Wayne]] (except in [[Waynesboro, Mississippi|Waynesboro]]) +*[[Webster County, Mississippi|Webster]] +{{col-end}}A separate list of wet counties and communities exists for the sale of hard liquor.https://www.dor.ms.gov/ABC/Pages/Wet-Dry-Map.aspx + +==Nevada== +* The town of [[Panaca, Nevada]], was southern [[Nevada]]'s first permanent settlement, founded as a [[Mormon]] colony in 1864. It originally was part of [[Washington County, Utah]], but the Congressional redrawing of boundaries in 1866 shifted Panaca into [[Nevada]]. It remains Nevada's only dry municipality, only because it is grandfathered into state law.{{cite web|url=http://panaca.travelnevada.com/ |title=Panaca, Nevada |publisher=Panaca.travelnevada.com |accessdate=June 7, 2010}} + +==New Hampshire== +According to the [[New Hampshire Liquor Commission]], [[Ellsworth, New Hampshire|Ellsworth]] is the only town to disallow the sale of alcoholic beverages. (Other towns allow sales of alcohol, but with restrictions).Benji Rosen, [http://www.ledgertranscript.com/home/14224421-95/its-a-dry-town-no-longer Sharon: It’s a dry town no longer: Voters decide beer, wine can be purchased, online or otherwise] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150601080349/http://www.ledgertranscript.com/home/14224421-95/its-a-dry-town-no-longer |date=June 1, 2015 }}, ''Monadnock Ledger-Transcript'', November 10, 2014. The most recent town to go "wet" is [[Sharon, New Hampshire|Sharon]]; the town voted to repeal its dry law in 2014.Jeff Woodburn, [http://www.nhmagazine.com/January-2015/NHs-Checkered-Prohibition-Past/ NH's Checkered Prohibition Past], ''NH Magazine'', January 2015. + +==New Jersey== +{{See also|Alcohol laws of New Jersey}} +New Jersey has no dry counties, but as of 2017, at least 30 municipalities (out of 565 statewide) prohibit the retail sale of alcohol. Most of the dry towns are in [[South Jersey]], and some of them are dry because of their origins as [[Society of Friends|Quaker]], [[Methodist]], or other [[Protestant]] religious communities.Peterson, Iver. [https://www.nytimes.com/2002/09/23/nyregion/dry-towns-find-that-temperance-and-business-do-not-mix.html "Dry Towns Find That Temperance and Business Do Not Mix"] in ''[[The New York Times]]'' (September 23, 2002). Retrieved May 1, 2013. Dry towns in New Jersey cannot forbid the possession, consumption, or transportation of alcohol, but have the option to permit or prohibit [[BYOB (beverage)|BYOB]] at restaurants and [[Liquor licenses in New Jersey|social affair permits]] for [[non-profit organization]]s.Haddon, Heather. [https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424052702304636404577297812440387318 "Bring Your Own Debate Roils Dry City"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130815082110/http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424052702304636404577297812440387318.html |date=August 15, 2013 }} in ''[[The Wall Street Journal]]'' (archived website) (March 23, 2012). Retrieved May 1, 2013.Avedissian, Eric. [http://www.ocsentinel.com/article.php?article_id=2530 "Ocean City Tabernacle: Stop serving alcohol at nonprofit functions"] {{webarchive|url=https://archive.today/20130615222304/http://www.ocsentinel.com/article.php?article_id=2530 |date=June 15, 2013 }} in ''The Ocean City Sentinel'' (August 27, 2009). Retrieved May 2, 2013. It is possible for a dry town to have a [[winery]] or [[brewery]] that offers [[wine tasting|tasting]]s, since [[alcohol laws of New Jersey#Class A manufacturer's licenses|alcohol manufacturing licenses in New Jersey]] are issued by the state, and are not regulated by municipalities.Walsh, Daniel. [https://web.archive.org/web/20140921204232/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P3-1088207071.html "Shiloh farmer corks borough's opposition to winery"] in ''[[The Press of Atlantic City]]'' (archived website) (August 3, 2006). Retrieved July 19, 2013.New Jersey Division of Alcoholic Beverage Control. [http://www.nj.gov/oag/abc/downloads/abcmunicipalhandbook.pdf "Alcoholic Beverage Control Handbook for Municipal Issuing Authorities."] Retrieved May 1, 2013. + +{{col-begin}} +{{col-break}} +* [[Audubon Park, New Jersey|Audubon Park]] in [[Camden County, New Jersey|Camden County]] +* [[Cape May Point, New Jersey|Cape May Point]] in [[Cape May County, New Jersey|Cape May County]] +* [[Collingswood, New Jersey|Collingswood]] in [[Camden County, New Jersey|Camden County]] +* [[Delanco Township, New Jersey|Delanco Township]] in [[Burlington County, New Jersey|Burlington County]] +* [[Downe Township, New Jersey|Downe Township]] in [[Cumberland County, New Jersey|Cumberland County]] +* [[Elk Township, New Jersey|Elk Township]] in [[Gloucester County, New Jersey|Gloucester County]] +* [[Elmer, New Jersey|Elmer]] in [[Salem County, New Jersey|Salem County]] +* [[Far Hills, New Jersey|Far Hills]] in [[Somerset County, New Jersey|Somerset County]] +* [[Haddonfield, New Jersey|Haddonfield]] in [[Camden County, New Jersey|Camden County]] +* [[Haddon Heights, New Jersey|Haddon Heights]] in [[Camden County, New Jersey|Camden County]] +* [[Harrison Township, New Jersey|Harrison Township]] in [[Gloucester County, New Jersey|Gloucester County]] +* [[Interlaken, New Jersey|Interlaken]] in [[Monmouth County, New Jersey|Monmouth County]] +* [[Island Heights, New Jersey|Island Heights]] in [[Ocean County, New Jersey|Ocean County]] +* [[Lawrence Township, Cumberland County, New Jersey|Lawrence Township]] in [[Cumberland County, New Jersey|Cumberland County]] +* [[Lower Alloways Creek Township, New Jersey|Lower Alloways Creek Township]] in [[Salem County, New Jersey|Salem County]] +* [[Mannington Township, New Jersey|Mannington Township]] in [[Salem County, New Jersey|Salem County]] +* [[Mantoloking, New Jersey|Mantoloking]] in [[Ocean County, New Jersey|Ocean County]] +* [[Maurice River Township, New Jersey|Maurice River Township]] in [[Cumberland County, New Jersey|Cumberland County]] +* [[Ocean City, New Jersey|Ocean City]] in [[Cape May County, New Jersey|Cape May County]] +{{col-break}} +* [[Ocean Grove, New Jersey|Ocean Grove]] in [[Monmouth County, New Jersey|Monmouth County]] +* [[Oldmans Township, New Jersey|Oldmans Township]] in [[Salem County, New Jersey|Salem County]] +* [[Pemberton, New Jersey|Pemberton]] in [[Burlington County, New Jersey|Burlington County]] +* [[Pennington, New Jersey|Pennington]] in [[Mercer County, New Jersey|Mercer County]] +* [[Pitman, New Jersey|Pitman]] in [[Gloucester County, New Jersey|Gloucester County]] +* [[Port Republic, New Jersey|Port Republic]] in [[Atlantic County, New Jersey|Atlantic County]] +* [[Prospect Park, New Jersey|Prospect Park]] in [[Passaic County, New Jersey|Passaic County]] +* [[Quinton Township, New Jersey|Quinton Township]] in [[Salem County, New Jersey|Salem County]] +* [[Riverton, New Jersey|Riverton]] in [[Burlington County, New Jersey|Burlington County]] +* [[Rutherford, New Jersey|Rutherford]] in [[Bergen County, New Jersey|Bergen County]] +* [[Saddle River, New Jersey|Saddle River]] in [[Bergen County, New Jersey|Bergen County]] +* [[Shiloh, New Jersey|Shiloh]] in [[Cumberland County, New Jersey|Cumberland County]] +* [[South Harrison Township, New Jersey|South Harrison Township]] in [[Gloucester County, New Jersey|Gloucester County]] +* [[Stow Creek Township, New Jersey|Stow Creek Township]] in [[Cumberland County, New Jersey|Cumberland County]] +* [[Upper Deerfield Township, New Jersey|Upper Deerfield Township]] in [[Cumberland County, New Jersey|Cumberland County]] +* [[Upper Pittsgrove Township, New Jersey|Upper Pittsgrove Township]] in [[Salem County, New Jersey|Salem County]] +* [[Wenonah, New Jersey|Wenonah]] in [[Gloucester County, New Jersey|Gloucester County]] +* [[Wildwood Crest, New Jersey|Wildwood Crest]] in [[Cape May County, New Jersey|Cape May County]] +{{col-end}} + +==New Mexico== +*[[Curry County, New Mexico|Curry County]] is dry except for the city of [[Clovis, New Mexico|Clovis]] +*[[Roosevelt County, New Mexico|Roosevelt County]] is dry except for the city of [[Portales, New Mexico|Portales]]{{cite web|url=http://www.rld.state.nm.us/uploads/files/Alcohol%20and%20Gaming/2017%20Liquor%20License%20Quota%20List%20revised%2013SEPT2017.pdf|format=PDF|title=Local Option District|website=Rld.state.nm.us|accessdate=30 July 2019}} + +==New York== +* As of the 2019 election, there are eight towns in New York state that are completely dry, and 39 that are partially dry.{{Cite web |url=http://www.sla.ny.gov/system/files/2012-3-LocalOptions.pdf |title=Archived copy |access-date=November 7, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130801035842/http://www.sla.ny.gov/system/files/2012-3-LocalOptions.pdf |archive-date=August 1, 2013 |url-status=dead }} +* The "dry" towns in the state are: [[Caneadea, New York|Caneadea]] in Allegany County, [[Clymer, New York|Clymer]] in Chautauqua County, [[Lapeer, New York|Lapeer]] in Cortland County, [[Orwell, New York|Orwell]] in Oswego County, [[Fremont, Steuben County, New York|Fremont]] and [[Jasper, New York|Jasper]] in Steuben County, [[Berkshire, New York|Berkshire]] in Tioga County."[http://www.syracuse.com/state/index.ssf/2015/12/alcohol_served_legally_in_rural_ny_town_for_first_time_in_80_years.html#incart_river_home_pop Alcohol served legally in rural NY town for first time in 80 years]," "[[The Post-Standard]]," December 18, 2015 +* The town of [[West Almond, New York|West Almond]] does not allow off-premises consumption, while the towns of [[Harford, New York|Harford]], [[Franklin (village), New York|Franklin]], [[Seneca, New York|Seneca]], [[Caton, New York|Caton]], [[Rathbone, New York|Rathbone]], [[Newark Valley (town), New York|Newark Valley]], [[Butler, New York|Butler]], [[Rose, New York|Rose]], [[Pike, New York|Pike]], [[Wethersfield, New York|Wethersfield]] and [[Middlesex, New York|Middlesex]] do not allow on-premises consumption. +* The towns of [[Bovina, New York|Bovina]], [[Gorham, New York|Gorham]], [[Richford, New York|Richford]], [[Orangeville, New York|Orangeville]], and [[Barrington, New York|Barrington]] do not allow on-premises consumption except in year-round hotels. +* The other 22 partially dry towns have varying specific rules for "Special On-Premises Consumption." For example, [[Wilmington, New York|Wilmington]] in Essex County is dry for on-premises consumption at race tracks and outdoor athletic fields and stadiums where admission fees are charged and wet in all other areas. + +==North Carolina== +* North Carolina does not allow alcohol sales between 2am and 7am Monday through Saturday or before 12pm on Sundays. In June 2017, NC finally allowed each municipality or county (for unincorporated areas) to start allowing alcohol sales prior to noon on Sundays. Raleigh and Carrboro were the first two cities to enact the 10am Sunday alcohol sales. +* Several of North Carolina's 100 counties are considered "dry".{{cite web|url=http://www.ncabc.com/xo/county.aspx?county=0|title=Legal Sales by County: North Carolina ABC Commission|publisher=Ncabc.com|accessdate=December 2, 2011}}{{Dead link|date=March 2020 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} Individual towns may pass ordinances (via referendum) that may allow alcohol sales within the municipal limits, however, even if the county itself is dry.{{cite web|url=http://www.ncabc.com/xo/county.aspx?county=57|title=Legal Sales by County: North Carolina ABC Commission (Madison County)|publisher=Ncabc.com|accessdate=June 7, 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100417000644/http://www.ncabc.com/xo/county.aspx?county=57|archive-date=April 17, 2010|url-status=dead}} Most counties, such as [[Wake County, North Carolina|Wake]]{{cite web|url=http://www.ncabc.com/xo/county.aspx?county=92|title=Legal Sales by County: North Carolina ABC Commission (Wake County)|publisher=Ncabc.com|accessdate=June 7, 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100417000437/http://www.ncabc.com/xo/county.aspx?county=92|archive-date=April 17, 2010|url-status=dead}} and [[Mecklenburg County, North Carolina|Mecklenburg]],{{cite web|url=http://www.ncabc.com/xo/county.aspx?county=60|title=Legal Sales by County: North Carolina ABC Commission (Mecklenburg County)|publisher=Ncabc.com|accessdate=June 7, 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100417000651/http://www.ncabc.com/xo/county.aspx?county=60|archive-date=April 17, 2010|url-status=dead}} allow alcohol sales of any type anywhere in the county, eliminating the potential need for any town or city within its boundary to do so. +* Town and city ordinances concerning alcohol sales may be more liberal than the county's, but may not be more restrictive. +* The only county where alcohol sales were not permitted at all (even in a town) was [[Graham County, North Carolina|Graham County]] but this is no longer the case, as the new Town of [[Fontana Dam, North Carolina|Fontana Dam]], incorporated in 2011, allows beer and wine sales, on and off-premises, in its municipal boundaries, at the town store and at a restaurant, though the remainder of Graham County is still dry.{{cite web|url=http://www.ncabc.com/xo/county.aspx?county=38 |title=Legal Sales by County: North Carolina ABC Commission (Graham County) |publisher=Ncabc.com |accessdate=June 7, 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100417000624/http://www.ncabc.com/xo/county.aspx?county=38 |archive-date=April 17, 2010 }} + +==Ohio== +{{Unreferenced section|date=September 2009}} +* The city of [[Westerville, Ohio|Westerville]], [[Ohio]], was dry for more than a century. Once the home of the [[Anti-Saloon League]] and called the "dry capital of the world", the first legal drink in recent times was served in 2006. +* The village of [[Bethel, Ohio|Bethel]] in [[Clermont County, Ohio|Clermont County]] has been dry since the repeal of prohibition. Recently, through use of the single precinct vote system, precincts A and C can now sell (but not serve) alcohol. The business must first be put onto the ballot and voted to allow alcohol to be sold. +* [[Cortland, Ohio|Cortland]] was a dry town until 2002. +* [[Lawrence County, Ohio|Lawrence County]] is dry but individual towns can choose to allow sales of alcohol. +* [[Hartville, Ohio|Hartville]], was a dry village, but is no longer dry as of 2013. +* [[Albany, Ohio|Albany]] is a dry town. +* [[Adams County, Ohio|Adams County]] besides [[Manchester, Ohio|Manchester]] and [[Green Township, Adams County, Ohio|Green Township]] are dry. Recently, through use of the single precinct vote system, a precinct in [[Seaman, Ohio|Seaman]] and [[Peebles, Ohio|Peebles]] can now sell (but not serve) alcohol. +* Although [[Scioto County]] and [[Portsmouth, Ohio|Portsmouth]] are not completely dry; Green Township, including [[Franklin Furnace, Ohio|Franklin Furnace]], are dry. +==Oklahoma== +{{main|Alcohol laws of Oklahoma}} +Until 2018, several counties in Oklahoma were dry counties. These included [[Adair County, Oklahoma|Adair]], [[Alfalfa County, Oklahoma|Alfalfa]], [[Beaver County, Oklahoma|Beaver]], [[Caddo County, Oklahoma|Caddo]], [[Cimarron County, Oklahoma|Cimarron]], [[Coal County, Oklahoma|Coal]], [[Cotton County, Oklahoma|Cotton]], [[Dewey County, Oklahoma|Dewey]], [[Harmon County, Oklahoma|Harmon]], [[Harper County, Oklahoma|Harper]], [[Haskell County, Oklahoma|Haskell]], [[Hughes County, Oklahoma|Hughes]], [[Roger Mills County, Oklahoma|Roger Mills]] and [[Washita County, Oklahoma|Washita]]. After State Question 792{{cite web |title=Oklahoma State Question 792 |url=Oklahoma Regulations Governing the Sale of Wine and Beer, State Question 792 (2016) |website=Ballotpedia.org |accessdate=5 June 2020}} was passed, these counties have since allowed the sale of alcohol.{{cite news |last1=Mcclelland |first1=Jacob |title=What Tuesday’s Liquor-By-The-Drink Vote Means For Dry Counties And Low-Point Businesses |url=https://www.kgou.org/post/what-tuesday-s-liquor-drink-vote-means-dry-counties-and-low-point-businesses |accessdate=5 June 2020 |publisher=KGOU}} + +As of June 2018, all 77 counties allow liquor by the drink. + +==Oregon== +* The city of [[Monmouth, Oregon|Monmouth]] was the last dry municipality in the state until it repealed its prohibition on January 10, 2003. [[Oregon]] state law now prohibits any dry community from existing (see below). +* Throughout the state, beer, wine, [[wine coolers]], [[malt liquor]] and similar beverages may be purchased in a convenience store, grocery store and similar outlets. Sales of "hard" liquor are restricted to state-controlled outlets, however, as well as bars, or restaurants that include a bar. As such, there are relatively few stand-alone liquor stores in Oregon (for example, as of March 18, 2008, there were only 35 stand-alone liquor stores in the city of [[Portland, Oregon|Portland]], which had a 2000 population of 529,000). Oregon also has taverns that sell beer and wine only. All outlets selling "hard" liquor are subject to the rules and regulations of the state-run [[Oregon Liquor Control Commission]] (OLCC). By law, any establishment wishing to sell any alcoholic beverage in the state must also offer food for sale, including bars, taverns, music venues, fairs and festivals, and [[strip club]]s. Oregon is one of 18 states that directly control the sales of alcohol beverages in the U.S. + +==Pennsylvania== +{{Main|Alcohol laws of Pennsylvania}} +{{update|section|date=February 2017}} +* The state has a number of dry municipalities, but no dry counties. +* In [[Pennsylvania]], sales of alcoholic beverages were prohibited in convenience stores until 2017. +* Beer, wine and spirits are available for on-premises consumption at bars, taverns and restaurants; no single bottles or cans can be sold to drink off-premises. +* Unopened six- and twelve-packs of beer, and single units of certain larger sizes (i.e., 22- and 40-ounce bottles) can be sold "to-go" by bars, taverns, and certain restaurants. Though convenience and grocery stores broadly cannot sell beer or malt liquor, some have created attached "cafe" areas that, though enclosed by the store, are legally separate, allowing them to sell beer. +* Bars, taverns, etc., can only sell a limited quantity of beer in a single transaction. Cases and kegs of beer are sold only by state-licensed independent beer distributors. +* Spirits are only available in state owned/operated liquor stores. See the [[Pennsylvania Liquor Control Board]]. +* Bottles of wine are available in state owned/operates liquor stores, as well as certain grocery stores. +* Independent producers may be exempt in certain ways + +==South Carolina== +* South Carolina does not allow the retail sale of alcohol for off-premises consumption on Sundays. Counties and cities can permit beer and wine sales, however, if the citizens vote for them in a referendum. Eleven counties currently allow Sunday beer and wine sales: Richland, Georgetown, Charleston, Beaufort, Greenville, Horry, Berkeley, Dorchester, Newberry, Lancaster, and York. Sumter county voted for and passed beer and wine sales on Sundays in November 2020. Cities and towns that have passed laws allowing Sunday beer and wine sales include Columbia, Lexington, Spartanburg, Greenville, Travelers Rest, Mauldin, Aiken, Rock Hill, Summerville, Santee, Daniel Island, Tega Cay, Hardeeville, Winnsboro, and Walterboro. + +==South Dakota== +* [[Oglala Lakota County, South Dakota|Oglala Lakota County]] (which is located entirely within the [[Pine Ridge Indian Reservation]]) is a dry county. + +==Tennessee== +{{More citations needed section|date=September 2009}} +{{see also|Alcohol laws of Tennessee}} +* The [[consolidated city-county]] government of [[Lynchburg, Tennessee|Lynchburg]] and [[Moore County, Tennessee|Moore County]], [[Tennessee]], is a dry county, despite being home to the [[Jack Daniel's]] [[distillery]]. + +While Moore County itself had been completely dry, the County now allows the sale of commemorative bottles of Jack in the White Rabbit Bottle Shop, and one can take part in a sampling tour at the distillery. It is also now possible to sample wine, rum, vodka and whiskey in shops where it is distilled on premises, and beer is also available in local food establishments when served with a meal. + +* [[Blount County, Tennessee|Blount]], [[Crockett County, Tennessee|Crockett]], [[Hancock County, Tennessee|Hancock]], [[Sevier County, Tennessee|Sevier]], [[Stewart County, Tennessee|Stewart]], and [[Weakley County, Tennessee|Weakley]] are also dry counties. Several municipalities within Blount County are wet. + +* Some municipalities and counties allow sales of liquor-by-the-drink and retail package stores.{{Cite web |url=http://www.state.tn.us/abc/commission%20matters%20-%20lead%20page.html |title=Archived copy |access-date=January 27, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101214141059/http://www.state.tn.us/abc/commission%20matters%20-%20lead%20page.html |archive-date=December 14, 2010 |url-status=dead }} + +==Texas== +Of [[Texas]]' [[list of counties in Texas|254 counties]], 5{{cite web|url=http://www.tabc.state.tx.us/local_option_elections/index.asp |title=TABC Local Option Elections General Information |publisher=Tabc.state.tx.us |date=November 1, 2017 |accessdate=July 29, 2018}} are completely dry, 196 are partially dry, and 55 are entirely wet. The vast majority of entirely wet counties are in southern border regions of Texas near Mexico, or in the south central portion. + +Alcohol law in Texas varies significantly by location. In some counties, 4% beer is legal. In others, beverages that are 14% or less alcohol are legal. In some "dry" areas, a customer can get a mixed drink by paying to join a "private club," and in some "wet" areas a customer needs a club membership to purchase liquor by-the-drink. "...Move to [[Burleson, Texas|Burleson]], which has alcohol sales in the [[Tarrant County, Texas|Tarrant County]] portion of the city but not in the [[Johnson County, Texas|Johnson County]] side of town."Labbe, J.R. "You may need a drink to understand our liquor laws." ''[[Fort Worth Star-Telegram]],'' May 16, 2004. Today beer and wine can be purchased in all parts of Burleson. The only places in the county where liquor can be purchased are a couple of stores inside the city limits of [[Alvarado, Texas|Alvarado]].{{Citation needed|reason=Need source to explain current status of Burleson if it is to be mentioned here.|date=December 2018}} + +A bill passed in 2003 by the [[Texas Legislature]] allows for Justice of the Peace precincts to host alcohol option elections. To date, this law has allowed many JP precincts, particularly in East Texas, to allow a vote that has resulted in many previously dry counties becoming "moist" and allowing sales of beer and wine, but not liquor.{{cite web|url=http://www.legis.state.tx.us/tlodocs/83R/billtext/html/HB02818F.htm|title=83(R) HB 2818 - Enrolled version - Bill Text|website=Legis.state.tx.us}} + +Texas law prohibits off-premises sale of liquor (but not beer and wine) all day on Sunday, Thanksgiving Day, Christmas Day, and New Year's Day. Off-premises sale of beer and wine on Sunday is only allowed after 12:01 pm. + +Texas law also prohibits the sale of alcohol in any "[[sexually oriented business]]" in a dry county. Strip clubs in these dry counties often sell "set ups" (a cup with soda, ice, and a stirrer to which one can add their own alcohol) and have a BYOB policy to allow patrons to bring their own alcohol into the establishment. + +==Utah== +As of September 2018 there are 9 cities where alcoholic beverages cannot be purchased. +* [[Aneth, Utah|Aneth]], [[San Juan County, Utah|San Juan County]]. Possession, manufacture, or delivery of alcoholic beverages prohibited. +* [[Aurora, Utah|Aurora]], [[Sevier County, Utah|Sevier County]] +* [[Blanding, Utah|Blanding]], [[San Juan County, Utah|San Juan County]]. Sale of alcoholic beverages prohibited since 1967. +* [[Hatch, Utah|Hatch]], [[Garfield County, Utah|Garfield County]] +* [[Highland, Utah|Highland]], [[Utah County, Utah|Utah County]] +* [[Holden, Utah|Holden]], [[Millard County, Utah|Millard County]] +* [[Navajo Mountain, Utah|Navajo Mountain]], [[San Juan County, Utah|San Juan County]] Possession, manufacture, or delivery of alcoholic beverages prohibited. +* [[Scipio, Utah|Scipio]], [[Millard County, Utah|Millard County]] +* [[White Mesa, Utah|White Mesa]], [[San Juan County, Utah|San Juan County]] + +==Virginia== +Beer and wine sales are legal in all of Virginia.{{Cite web |url=http://www.abc.state.va.us/admin/annual/docs/2013ar.pdf |title=Archived copy |access-date=June 13, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140714124409/http://www.abc.state.va.us/admin/annual/docs/2013ar.pdf |archive-date=July 14, 2014 |url-status=dead }} Of the 95 [[List of counties in Virginia|counties]] in Virginia, 9 counties (Bland, Buchanan, Charlotte, Craig, Grayson, Highland, Lee, Patrick and Russell) are dry in that retail sale of distilled spirits is prohibited. [[List of cities in Virginia|Virginia cities]] are not subject to county alcohol laws as they are [[Independent city (United States)|independent]] by state law, and all Virginia cities are wet. Virginia also restricts the sale of hard liquors (or distilled spirits) to State-run stores, or VA ABC stores. This set up is unique in that the Virginia Department of Alcoholic Beverage Control not only is responsible for the sale of liquor, but also for the enforcement of alcohol-related laws in addition to public education campaigns. These campaigns are generally geared towards young adults not of drinking age, but also cover topics such as substance abuse, training for hospitality industry employees, and cautioning of the dangers of mixing alcohol and medications.{{cite web|url=https://www.abc.virginia.gov/education/programs|title=Programs|website=Abc.virginia.gov}} + +==Washington== +* The city of [[Fircrest, Washington|Fircrest]] was the last dry community on the west coast of the contiguous 48 states. Voters chose to allow the sale of alcohol by the glass in Fircrest in the [[2015 United States elections|3 November 2015]] election.{{cite web|url=http://www.seattletimes.com/seattle-news/politics/fircrest-voters-ending-liquor-sale-ban/|title=Fircrest voters ending liquor-sale ban|publisher=[[Seattle Times]]|accessdate=2015-12-18}} +* The [[Yakama|Yakama Nation]] prohibits the sale of alcohol on the [[Yakama Indian Reservation]].{{cite web|url=http://hunow.heritage.edu/CAMPUS/TabId/2083/ArtMID/3663/ArticleID/40/10-Things-You-Should-Know-About-the-Yakama-Nation.aspx|title=10 Things You Should Know About the Yakama Nation|work=HU Now}} +* The city of [[College Place, Washington|College Place]] allows sale of alcohol in stores, but has no taverns or cocktail lounges. + +==Wisconsin== +{{Main|Alcohol laws of Wisconsin}} +* The village of [[Ephraim, Wisconsin|Ephraim]] is the only dry municipality in [[Wisconsin]]; it has been dry since its founding in 1853, and its anti-liquor laws were upheld in 1934 and 1992 referenda.{{cite web |url=http://www.ephraim-wisconsin.com/ephraim/ephraim+history/default.asp |title=Village of Ephraim > Ephraim History |publisher=Ephraim-wisconsin.com |date=April 6, 2010 |accessdate=June 7, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110609103434/http://www.ephraim-wisconsin.com/ephraim/ephraim+history/default.asp |archive-date=June 9, 2011 |url-status=dead }} [[Richland Center, Wisconsin|Richland Center]] and [[Port Edwards, Wisconsin|Port Edwards]] were dry for decades, but bars opened in both communities in 1994 after changes to local ordinances.Doug Moe, "The Last Dry Town in Wisconsin," ''[[Capital Times]],'' December 9, 2005 at A2 Ephraim passed an ordinance to allow off-site beer and on-site wine sales on April 5, 2016.{{cite news|url=http://wbay.com/2016/04/06/after-163-years-door-countys-ephraim-no-longer-dry/?cid=facebook_WBAY_TV-2|title=After 163 years, Door County’s Ephraim no longer dry|last=Roberts|first=Rhonda|date=6 April 2016|publisher=[[WBAY-TV]], Green Bay|accessdate=6 April 2016|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160418213850/http://wbay.com/2016/04/06/after-163-years-door-countys-ephraim-no-longer-dry/?cid=facebook_WBAY_TV-2|archive-date=April 18, 2016|df=mdy-all}} +* The city of [[Sparta, Wisconsin|Sparta]] is the largest community in Wisconsin that restricts beer and liquor sales to taverns and restaurants that have an on-premises consumption license. Grocery and convenience stores cannot sell beer and liquor there. The community abolished Class A licenses for retail sales in 1966 through referendum, when a local liquor store owner in the city objected to a grocery store's application for a class A license. Referendums were defeated in 1982, 1986, 1992, 2005, 2007, 2009, and 2011 for class A licenses. Opposition to Class A licenses in the community is widely believed to be from the liquor store owner(s), who locate on the border of the city in neighboring towns that allow Class A licenses. Local opposition from these liquor stores is also widely believed to be a monopolistic motivation to protect their business trade by restricting it in Sparta.{{cite news|author=Chris Hubbuch|title="Sparta retailers looking to end 46-year ban on alcohol sales."|newspaper=[[La Crosse Tribune]]|date=February 2, 2009|url=http://www.lacrossetribune.com/news/article_7f5a8705-ce78-53cd-8366-53770d994a5c.html}} On April 7, 2009, in the Wisconsin 2009 spring general election, voters defeated the referendum questions about changing restrictions on the beer and liquor sales in Sparta, for the sixth time.{{cite news|author=Chris Hubbuch|title="Sparta again says no to alcohol sales."|newspaper=[[La Crosse Tribune]]|date=April 8, 2009|url=http://www.lacrossetribune.com/news/article_681df8a2-7a51-5827-9339-ed5eb4ad2931.html}} In the April 5, 2011 Wisconsin spring election, Sparta voted for the seventh time not to change restrictions on the sale of beer and liquor in the city.'Referendum on beer, alcohol sales fail,' '''La Crosse Tribune,''' April 6, 2011, B2 In the April 1, 2014 Wisconsin spring election, the voters narrowly approved the sale of wine and beer in groceries and convenience stores. Liquor sales remain banned in the city.{{cite web|url=http://www.wxow.com/story/25135499/2014/04/01/city-of-sparta-beer-referendum-narrowly-passes|title=Voters approve Sparta beer sales|author=Brittany Lake|date=April 1, 2014|website=Wxow.com}} + +==References== +{{Reflist|refs= + +{{cite news +| first = David +| last = Noyce +| title = 'High and dry' Blanding says no to booze sales — again +| url = https://www.sltrib.com/news/2017/11/08/high-and-dry-blanding-says-no-to-booze-sales-again/ +| work = [[The Salt Lake Tribune]] +| date = 2017-11-08 +| access-date = 2018-11-05 +| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20171108135215/https://www.sltrib.com/news/2017/11/08/high-and-dry-blanding-says-no-to-booze-sales-again/ +| archive-date = 2017-11-08 +| url-status = live +}} + +{{cite web +| url = http://www.dor.ms.gov/ABC/Pages/WetDryMap-Beer-Wine.aspx +| title = Wet/Dry Map for Beer & Light Wine +| date = 2017-01-11 +| website = Mississippi Department of Revenue +| access-date = 2017-07-28 +}} + +{{cite web +| url = https://www.nh.gov/liquor/enforcement/licensing/documents/dry-towns.pdf +| title = Dry Towns +| publisher = New Hampshire Liquor Commission +| access-date = 2018-11-05 +| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20180215204433/https://www.nh.gov/liquor/enforcement/licensing/documents/dry-towns.pdf +| archive-date = 2018-02-15 +| url-status = live +}} + +{{cite news +| first = Amanda +| last = Hoover +| title = These are the N.J. 'dry towns' with the most DWI arrests +| url = https://www.nj.com/news/index.ssf/2017/11/these_are_the_nj_dry_towns_with_the_most_duis.html +| work =[[NJ.com]] +| access-date = 2018-11-05 +| archive-url = https://www.webcitation.org/73h3QXysW?url=https://www.nj.com/news/index.ssf/2017/11/these_are_the_nj_dry_towns_with_the_most_duis.html +| archive-date = 2018-11-05 +| url-status = live +}} + +{{cite web +| url = https://www.state.nj.us/infobank/revmuni.htm +| title = New Jersey Municipalities +| website = The Official Web Site for The State of New Jersey +| access-date = 2018-11-05 +| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20180319104520/https://www.state.nj.us/infobank/revmuni.htm +| archive-date = 2018-03-19 +| url-status = live +}} + +{{cite news +| first = Kathy +| last = Stephenson +| url = https://www.sltrib.com/news/2018/09/02/facts-about-bars-booze/ +| title = 12 facts about bars and booze in Utah that might surprise — or confuse — you, even if you don't drink alcohol +| date = 2018-09-02 +| work = [[The Salt Lake Tribune]] +| access-date = 2018-11-05 +| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20180904221932/https://www.sltrib.com/news/2018/09/02/facts-about-bars-booze/ +| archive-date = 2018-09-04 +| url-status = live +}}{{Cite web|url=http://www.navajonationcouncil.org/Navajo%20Nation%20Codes/V0030.pdf|title="Intoxicating Liquors", Navajo Nation Code, Title 17, Subchapter 12, §§ 410-412 (2010)|website=Navajonationcouncil.org}}{{cite news +| last = Marks +| first = Michael +| title = Texas Has Just Five Dry Counties Left. Why Is That? +| url = https://www.keranews.org/post/texas-has-just-five-dry-counties-left-why +| work = keranews.org +| date = 2018-12-17 +| access-date = 2018-12-20 +| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20181217183904/https://www.keranews.org/post/texas-has-just-five-dry-counties-left-why +| archive-date = 2018-12-17 +| url-status = live +}} + +{{cite web +| title = Wet/Dry Status of Texas Counties +| date = 2018-11-06 +| url = https://www.tabc.state.tx.us/images/wetdry.gif +| access-date = 2018-12-20 +| publisher = Texas Alcoholic Beverage Commission +| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20181211163557/https://www.tabc.state.tx.us/images/wetdry.gif +| archive-date = 2018-12-11 +| url-status = live +}} + +}} + +==External links== +* [https://web.archive.org/web/20100226131610/http://www.citypages.com/databank/24/1201/article11733.asp Frequently Asked Questions on Minnesota liquor laws] + +{{Prohibition}} +{{Alcohol laws in the United States}} +{{USStateLists}} + +{{DEFAULTSORT:List Of Dry Communities By U.S. State}} +[[Category:Alcohol law in the United States by state|*]] +[[Category:Lists of cities in the United States|Dry]] +[[Category:Prohibition in the United States]] +[[Category:States of the United States law-related lists|Dry Communities]] diff --git a/en.wikipedia.org/List_of_mass_shootings_in_the_United_States/article.txt b/en.wikipedia.org/List_of_mass_shootings_in_the_United_States/article.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..476332f --- /dev/null +++ b/en.wikipedia.org/List_of_mass_shootings_in_the_United_States/article.txt @@ -0,0 +1,2112 @@ +{{short description|Wikipedia list article}} +{{Use mdy dates|date=August 2019}} +{{Map of United States mass shootings}} +This is a '''list of the most notable [[mass shootings in the United States]]''' that have occurred since 1920. [[Mass shooting]]s are incidents involving several victims of firearm-related violence. The precise inclusion criteria are disputed, and there is no broadly accepted definition.{{Cite web|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/the-fix/wp/2017/10/04/the-squishy-definition-of-mass-shooting-complicates-media-coverage/|title=The vague definition of 'mass shooting' complicates media coverage|last=Borchers|first=Callum|date=October 4, 2017|website=Washington Post|language=en|access-date=August 26, 2018|quote=...'mass shooting' is a term without a universally-accepted definition.}}{{Cite web|url=https://fas.org/sgp/crs/misc/R43004.pdf|title=Public Mass Shootings in the United States|last=Bjelopera|first=Jerome|date=March 18, 2013|website=Congressional Research Service|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130909213006/http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/misc/R43004.pdf|archive-date=September 9, 2013 |url-status=dead|access-date=August 26, 2018 |quote=There is no broadly agreed-to, specific conceptualization of this issue, so this report uses its own definition for public mass shootings.}} + +The [[Gun Violence Archive]], a nonprofit research group that tracks shootings and their characteristics in the United States, defines a mass shooting as an incident in which four or more people, excluding the perpetrator(s), are shot in one location at roughly the same time.{{Cite web|url=http://www.gunviolencearchive.org/methodology|title=General Methodology|website=Gun Violence Archive|access-date=August 27, 2018}} The [[Congressional Research Service]] narrows that definition further, only considering what it defines as "public mass shootings", and only considering victims as those who are killed, excluding any victims who survive. ''[[The Washington Post]]'' and [[Mother Jones (magazine)|''Mother Jones'']] use similar definitions, with the latter acknowledging that their definition "is a conservative measure of the problem", as many rampages with fewer fatalities occur.{{Cite web|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/graphics/2018/national/mass-shootings-in-america/|title=More than 50 years of U.S. mass shootings: The victims, sites, killers and weapons|last1=Berkowitz|first1=Bonnie|last2=Lu|first2=Denise|date=September 14, 2018|website=Washington Post|language=en|access-date=August 27, 2018|last3=Alcantara|first3=Chris}}{{Cite news|url=https://www.motherjones.com/politics/2012/07/mass-shootings-map/|title=A Guide to Mass Shootings in America|last1=Follman|first1=Mark|date=September 20, 2018|work=Mother Jones|access-date=August 26, 2018|last2=Aronsen|first2=Gavin|language=en-US|last3=Pan|first3=Deanna}} The [[Crowdsourcing|crowdsourced]] Mass Shooting Tracker project uses a definition even looser than the Gun Violence Archive's definition: four people shot in one incident regardless of the circumstances.{{Cite web|url=https://www.massshootingtracker.site/about|title= About the Mass Shooting Tracker|website=Mass Shooting Tracker|access-date=April 6, 2020}} + +Larger documentation of mass shootings in the United States has occurred through independent and scholarly studies such as the [[Stanford University]] Mass Shootings in America Data Project. + +== Definitions == +There are varying definitions of a mass shooting. Listed roughly from most broad to most restrictive: + +:* [[Stanford University|Stanford]] MSA Data Project: 3+ shot in one incident, at one location, at roughly the same time, excluding organized crime, as well as gang-related and drug-related shootings.{{Cite news|url=http://library.stanford.edu/projects/mass-shootings-america|title=Mass Shootings in America|work=Stanford Libraries|access-date=September 23, 2018|language=en}} +:* Mass Shooting Tracker: 4+ shot in one incident, at one location, at roughly the same time. +:* ''[[Gun Violence Archive]]''/''[[Vox (website)|Vox]]'': 4+ shot in one incident, excluding the perpetrator(s), at one location, at roughly the same time. +:* [[Mother Jones (magazine)|''Mother Jones'']]: 3+ shot and killed in one incident, excluding the perpetrator(s), at a public place, excluding gang-related killings.{{Cite news|url=https://www.motherjones.com/crime-justice/2012/08/what-is-a-mass-shooting/|title=What Exactly Is a Mass Shooting?|last=Follman|first=Mark|date=August 24, 2012|work=Mother Jones|access-date=August 27, 2018|language=en-US}} +:* ''[[The Washington Post]]'': 4+ shot and killed in one incident, excluding the perpetrator(s), at a public place, excluding gang-related killings. +:* [[Congressional Research Service]]: 4+ shot and killed in one incident, excluding the perpetrator(s), at a public place, excluding gang-related killings, acts carried out that were inspired by criminal profit, and terrorism. + +Only shootings that have Wikipedia articles of their own are included in this list. Detailed lists of mass shootings can be found per-year at their respective pages. + +== List of mass shootings (21st century) == +=== 2020 === +{{Main list|List of mass shootings in the United States in 2020}} +{| class="wikitable sortable" +!Date +!Location +!Dead +!Injured +!Total +!Description +|- +|{{Dts|December 26, 2020}} +|[[Rockford, Illinois]] +|3 +|3 +|'''6''' +|[[Don Carter Lanes shooting]]: A man shot six people at a bowling alley, killing three of them. +|- +|{{Dts|November 20, 2020}} +|[[Wauwatosa, Wisconsin]] +|0 +|8 +|'''8''' +|[[Mayfair Mall shooting]]: Eight people were hospitalized with non-life threatening injuries after a person opened fire at the [[Mayfair Mall]]. +|- +|{{Dts|September 19, 2020}} +|[[Rochester, New York]] +|2 +|14 +|'''16''' +|[[Rochester shooting]]: Two people were killed and fourteen injured after a shooting at a party in Rochester. +|- +|{{Dts|August 9, 2020}} +|[[Washington, D.C.]] +|1 +|21 +|'''22''' +|[[2020 Washington, D.C. block party shooting]]: A shooting at a block party left one dead and 22 injured, including an off-duty police officer +|- +|{{Dts|February 26, 2020}} +|[[Milwaukee]], [[Wisconsin]] +|6 +|0 +|'''6''' +|[[Milwaukee brewery shooting]]: Five people were killed when a gunman opened fire at the local [[Molson Coors Beverage Company]] campus, where he had been employed. Afterwards, the gunman committed suicide. +|- +|{{Dts|January 17, 2020}} +|[[Grantsville, Utah]] +|4 +|1 +|'''5''' +|[[Colin Haynie|Shooting of Haynie family]]: Four members of a family were killed and one was injured after a teenager fired at his family as they returned home. +|} + +=== 2019 === +{{Main list|List of mass shootings in the United States in 2019}} + +{| class="wikitable sortable" +! scope="col" style="width: 56px;" |Date +! scope="col" style="width: 84px;" |Location +! data-sort-type=number | Dead +! data-sort-type=number | Injured +! data-sort-type=number | Total +! class=unsortable | Description +|- +|December 10, 2019 +|[[Jersey City, New Jersey]] +|6 +|3 +|'''9''' +|[[2019 Jersey City shooting]]: An officer approached a vehicle suspected of being used in a murder previously, he was shot and killed. In the resulting suspect chase and police confrontation the two suspects were killed, along with three other civilians, a civilian and two cops were wounded as well. +|- +|December 6, 2019 +|[[Pensacola, Florida]] +|4 +|8 +|'''12''' +|[[Naval Air Station Pensacola shooting]]: 3 people were killed and 8 others were injured at a [[US Navy]] base. The suspect was killed by police. +|- +|December 5, 2019 +|[[Miramar, Florida]] +|4 +|1 +|'''5''' +|[[2019 Miramar shootout]]: Two suspects robbed a jewelry store which resulted in a police shootout that killed 2 people,https://www.local10.com/news/local/2020/09/16/6-police-agencies-named-in-lawsuit-over-miramar-ups-truck-driver-shooting/ including a [[United Parcel Service|UPS]] truck driver which was his 1st day at his job. Both suspects were killed by police. +|- +|November 17, 2019 +|[[Fresno, California]] +|4 +|6 +|'''10''' +|[[2019 Fresno shooting]]: Ten people were shot, four fatally, at a football watch party. +|- +|November 14, 2019 +|[[Santa Clarita, California]] +|3 +|3 +|'''6''' +|[[Saugus High School shooting]]: Two people were killed and three others were injured at [[Saugus High School (California)|Saugus High School]]. The gunman then eventually committed suicide. +|- +|October 31, 2019 +|[[Orinda, California]] +|5 +|4 +|'''9''' +|[[Orinda Halloween Shooting]]: An overnight block party attended by over 100 people ended with five people killed, and four more wounded by gunfire. +|- +|August 31, 2019 +|[[Midland–Odessa|Midland–Odessa, Texas]] +|8 +|25 +|'''33''' +|[[Midland–Odessa shooting|2019 West Texas shooting]]: Seven people were killed and twenty five others were injured on the [[Interstate 20]]. The suspect was killed after a shoot-out with police. +|- +|August 4, 2019 +|[[Dayton, Ohio]] +|10 +|27 +|'''37''' +|[[2019 Dayton shooting]]: Nine people were killed and 27 were injured outside of a bar. The perpetrator was killed by police. +|- +| {{dts|August 3, 2019}} +|[[El Paso, Texas]] +|23 +|23 +|'''46''' +|[[2019 El Paso shooting]]: A gunman killed 23 people and injured 23 others at a [[Walmart]]. The attack was a [[hate crime]] targeting [[Hispanic Americans|Hispanic]] immigration. The gunman was arrested. +|- +| {{dts|July 28, 2019}} +|[[Gilroy, California]] +|4 +|15 +|'''19''' +|[[Gilroy Garlic Festival shooting]]: A gunman killed 3 people, including one 6-year-old boy, attending Gilroy's annual Garlic Festival; 12 more people were injured. The shooter killed himself. +|- +| {{dts|May 31, 2019}} +|[[Virginia Beach|Virginia Beach, Virginia]] +|13 +|5 +|'''18''' +|[[2019 Virginia Beach shooting]]: A gunman killed 12 people and injured four others at a municipal building. The gunman died at the scene.{{cite news +| url = https://www.nytimes.com/2019/06/02/us/virginia-beach-dewayne-craddock.html +| title = Virginia Beach Gunman Said He Was Quitting, Then Went on a Shooting Rampage +| last1 = Thrush +| first1 = Glenn +| last2 = Blinder +| first2 = Alan +| date = June 2, 2019 +| access-date = June 3, 2019 +| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190602191709/https://www.nytimes.com/2019/06/02/us/virginia-beach-dewayne-craddock.html +| archive-date = June 2, 2019 +| work = [[New York Times]] +}} +|- +| {{dts|May 7, 2019}} +|[[Highlands Ranch, Colorado]] +|1 +|8 +|'''9''' +|[[STEM School Highlands Ranch shooting]]: A school shooting was reported at [[STEM School Highlands Ranch]], around 1:50 p.m, two shooters targeted separate locations and killed one student and injured eight more before being arrested.{{Cite web|url=https://www.nbcnews.com/news/us-news/least-2-people-injured-colorado-stem-school-after-shooting-reported-n1003001|title=At least 8 people injured, 2 suspects in custody after shooting at Colorado STEM school|website=NBC News|language=en|access-date=May 8, 2019}} +|- +|{{dts|April 30, 2019}} +|[[Charlotte, North Carolina]] +|2 +|4 +|'''6''' +|[[University of North Carolina at Charlotte shooting]]: Six people were shot, two fatally, on the last day of classes at the [[University of North Carolina at Charlotte]]. The student gunman was taken into custody after he ran out of ammunition.{{cite news |last1=Gallagher |first1=Dianne |last2=Almasy |first2=Steve |title=Two dead after shooting on campus of the University of North Carolina at Charlotte |url=https://www.cnn.com/2019/04/30/us/university-of-north-carolina-charlotte-shooting/index.html |work=[[CNN]] |accessdate=April 30, 2019 |date=April 30, 2019 }} +|- +|{{dts|April 27, 2019}} +|[[Poway|Poway, California]] +|1 +|3 +|'''4''' +|[[Poway synagogue shooting]]: One person was killed and at least three were wounded by a shooter at the [[Chabad of Poway]] synagogue.{{cite news |last1=Lartey |first1=Jamiles |title=San Diego synagogue shooting: one dead and three |url=https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2019/apr/27/san-diego-police-shooting-synagogue-poway-reports |accessdate=April 27, 2019 |work=[[The Guardian]] |date=April 27, 2019}} +|- +|{{dts|February 15, 2019}} +|[[Aurora, Illinois]] +|6 +|6 +|'''12''' +|[[Aurora, Illinois shooting|Aurora, Illinois, shooting]]: A 45-year-old man opened fire at a [[Henry Pratt Company]] plant and killed five people and injured six others. He was a former worker at the plant and he was killed in a shootout with police. +|- +|{{dts|January 26, 2019}} +|[[Ascension Parish, Louisiana|Ascension]] and [[Livingston Parish, Louisiana]] +|5 +|0 +|'''5''' +|[[January 2019 Louisiana shootings]]: A 21-year-old man killed five people, including his parents, in two parishes in Louisiana.{{cite news |title=Gunman kills 5, including parents, in Louisiana shooting spree, police say -- live updates |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/louisiana-shooting-today-dakota-theriot-accused-gunman-livingston-parish-ascension-parish-live-updates-2019-01-26/ |work=[[CBS News]] |accessdate=January 26, 2019 |date=January 26, 2019 }} +|- +|{{dts|January 23, 2019}} +|[[Sebring, Florida]] +|5 +|0 +|'''5''' +|[[2019 Sebring shooting]]: Five people were killed in a hostage incident and shooting at a bank. The suspect was taken into custody by police.{{cite news |last1=Levinson |first1=Eric |last2=Johnston |first2=Chuck |title=At least 5 people killed at SunTrust Bank in Sebring, Florida, police say |url=https://www.cnn.com/2019/01/23/us/sebring-florida-bank-incident/index.html |work=CNN |accessdate=January 23, 2019 |date=January 23, 2019 }} +|} + +=== 2018 === +{{Main list|List of mass shootings in the United States in 2018}} +{| class="wikitable sortable" +! scope="col" style="width: 56px;" |Date +! scope="col" style="width: 84px;" |Location +! data-sort-type=number | Dead +! data-sort-type=number | Injured +! data-sort-type=number | Total +! class=unsortable | Description +|- + +|{{dts|November 19, 2018}} +|[[Chicago|Chicago, Illinois]] +|4 +|0 +|'''4''' +|[[Mercy Hospital shooting]]: A gunman opened fire in the [[Mercy Hospital and Medical Center]] in Chicago, killing a doctor at the hospital who was his former fiancée, a police officer, and one other person before being killed either by himself or by police.{{Cite news|url=https://wgntv.com/2018/11/19/reports-of-shots-fired-near-mercy-hospital-police/|title=4 dead, including Chicago officer, after Mercy Hospital shooting|last1=Espana|first1=Melissa|date=November 19, 2018|work=WGN-TV|access-date=November 20, 2018|last2=Lowe|first2=Mike|language=en-US|last3=Negovan|first3=Tom|last4=Raymond|first4=Marcella|last5=Elwood|first5=Patrick|last6=Ewing|first6=Mike}} +|- +|{{Dts|November 11, 2018}} +|[[Robbins, Illinois]] +|1 +|4 +|'''5''' +|[[Shooting of Jemel Roberson]]: A man re-entered a bar after being ejected and began to fire, wounding three people and becoming injured himself. Armed security guards apprehended the suspect. Responding officers saw one of the security guards with a gun, and shot and killed him.{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-46187460|title=US police kill black security guard 'hero'|date=November 12, 2018|work=BBC News|access-date=November 13, 2018|language=en-GB}} +|- +|{{dts|November 7, 2018}} +|[[Thousand Oaks, California]] +|13 +|12+ +|'''25+''' +|[[Thousand Oaks shooting]]: A man entered a bar hosting a student line-dancing event and killed twelve people, including a police officer. At least twelve other people were injured. The gunman then killed himself.{{Cite news|url=https://www.nbcnews.com/news/us-news/shooting-reported-borderline-bar-grill-thousand-oaks-california-n933831|title=Mass shooting at Borderline Bar and Grill in Thousand Oaks, California|last1=Smith|first1=Alexander|date=November 8, 2018|work=NBC News|access-date=November 9, 2018|last2=Williams|first2=Pete|language=en-US|last3=Blankstein|first3=Andrew|last4=Jamieson|first4=Alastair|last5=Siemaszko|first5=Corky}} +|- +|{{dts|November 2, 2018}} +|[[Tallahassee, Florida]] +|3 +|5Four injured by gunfire +|'''8''' +|[[2018 Tallahassee shooting]]: A man entered a yoga studio and killed two women and injured five others; four by gunshots and one by [[pistol-whipping]], before committing suicide.{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-46082316|title=Florida yoga studio shooting: Two killed and four injured|date=November 3, 2018 |work=BBC News|access-date=November 3, 2018 |language=en-GB}} +|- +|{{dts|October 27, 2018}} +|[[Pittsburgh|Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania]] +|11 +|7 +|'''18''' +|[[Pittsburgh synagogue shooting]]: A man opened fire in the Tree of Life synagogue in an [[Antisemitism|antisemitic]] attack, killing eleven people and injuring six others (including four police officers). The suspect was taken into custody by police.{{Cite web|url=https://abcnews.go.com/US/police-responding-active-shooter-pittsburgh-synagogue/story?id=58790381|title=8 dead, 4 officers among injured in Pittsburgh synagogue mass shooting: Officials|last=Forde|first=Kaelyn|date=October 27, 2018|website=ABC News|language=en|access-date=October 27, 2018}}{{Cite news|url=https://pittsburgh.cbslocal.com/2018/10/27/heavy-police-presence-near-synagogue-in-squirrel-hill/|title=11 Dead, Several Others Shot At Pittsburgh Synagogue|date=October 27, 2018|work=CBS Pittsburgh|access-date=October 27, 2018|language=en}} +|- +|{{dts|October 3, 2018}} +|[[Florence, South Carolina]] +|2 +|10 +|'''12''' +|[[Florence, South Carolina shooting|Florence shooting]]: Officers were shot at during a two-hour standoff while attempting to execute a search warrant. The perpetrator held children hostage, killing one and wounding seven before being arrested.{{Cite news|url=http://www.chicagotribune.com/news/nationworld/ct-5-officers-shot-in-south-carolina-20181003-story.html|title=Suspect in shooting of 7 officers in South Carolina is competitive rifleman who served in Vietnam|last1=Collins|first1=Jeffrey|date=October 4, 2018|work=Chicago Tribune|access-date=October 5, 2018|last2=Kinnard|first2=Meg|language=en-US}} +|- +|{{dts|September 20, 2018}} +|[[Aberdeen, Maryland]] +|4 +|3 +|'''7''' +|[[Aberdeen, Maryland shooting|Aberdeen shooting]]: An employee of the [[Rite Aid]] Distribution facility killed three victims before wounding herself. The shooter died later in the hospital.{{Cite news|url=https://www.cnn.com/2018/09/21/us/maryland-shooting/index.html|title=Woman who killed 3 people at Rite Aid center was a disgruntled worker|last1=Karimi|first1=Faith|date=September 21, 2018|work=CNN|access-date=September 23, 2018|last2=Almasy|first2=Steve}} +|- +|{{dts|September 6, 2018}} +|[[Cincinnati, Ohio]] +|4 +|2 +|'''6''' +|[[Fifth Third Center shooting]]: A gunman entered a loading dock at the [[Fifth Third Center (Cincinnati)|Fifth Third Center]] skyscraper and opened fire before entering the lobby of a building. Four people, including the shooter, were killed and two were injured.{{Cite news|url=https://www.cnn.com/2018/09/06/us/cincinnati-active-shooter-report/index.html|title=3 killed, suspect dead after shooting in Cincinnati's Fountain Square, police chief says|last1=McLaughlin|first1=Eliott C.|date=September 6, 2018|work=CNN|accessdate=September 6, 2018|last2=Hassan|first2=Carma|language=en}} +|- +|{{dts|August 26, 2018}} +|[[Jacksonville, Florida]] +|3Including the perpetrator or suspect +|11 +|'''14''' +|[[Jacksonville Landing shooting]]: A gunman killed two people and wounded eleven more (nine with gunshot wounds) at a ''[[Madden NFL 19]]'' competition before killing himself. The shooter was identified as [[David Katz (gamer)|David Katz]], an individual who had reportedly been eliminated from the competition before the shooting.{{Cite web|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/morning-mix/wp/2018/08/26/shooting-suspect-at-video-game-event-at-florida-mall-killed-at-least-2-people-and-is-believed-to-be-from-baltimore-authorities-say/|title=Shooting suspect at video-game event at Florida mall killed at least 2 people and is believed to be from Baltimore, authorities say|last1=Farzan|first1=Antonia Noori|last2=Wang|first2=Amy B.|date=August 27, 2018|website=Washington Post|language=en|access-date=August 27, 2018|last3=Hermann|first3=Peter|last4=Berman|first4=Mark}}{{Cite web|url=https://www.news4jax.com/news/mass-shooting-at-jacksonville-landing|title=Gunman among 3 dead in mass shooting at Jacksonville Landing|last1=Micolucci|first1=Vic|last2=Purdy|first2=Joy|date=August 27, 2018|website=News4Jax|language=en-US|access-date=August 27, 2018|last3=Calloway|first3=Ethan|last4=Piggott|first4=Jim|last5=Patrick|first5=Steve|last6=Tyler|first6=Roxy}}{{Cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2018/aug/27/florida-shooting-survivors-recall-chaos-no-one-deserves-to-die-over-a-videogame|title='No one deserves to die over a video game': survivors recall chaos of Florida shooting|last1=Luscombe|first1=Richard|last2=Quinn|first2=Ben|date=August 27, 2018|website=The Guardian|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180827133435/https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2018/aug/27/florida-shooting-survivors-recall-chaos-no-one-deserves-to-die-over-a-videogame|archive-date=August 27, 2018 |url-status=dead|access-date=August 28, 2018}} +|- +|{{dts|June 28, 2018}} +|[[Annapolis, Maryland]] +|5 +|2 +|'''7''' +|[[Capital Gazette shooting|''Capital Gazette'' shooting]]: A gunman entered the offices of [[The Capital|''The Capital Gazette'']] and killed five employees and wounded two others.{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/06/28/us/capital-gazette-annapolis-shooting.html|title=5 People Dead in Shooting at Maryland's Capital Gazette Newsroom|last1=Tavernise|first1=Sabrina|date=June 28, 2018|work=The New York Times|access-date=August 27, 2018|last2=Harmon|first2=Amy|language=en|last3=Salam|first3=Maya}}{{Cite news|url=http://www.capitalgazette.com/news/annapolis/bs-md-gazette-shooting-20180628-story.html|title=Five dead in 'targeted attack' at Capital Gazette newspaper in Annapolis, police say; Laurel man charged with murder|last1=Rector|first1=Kevin|date=June 29, 2018|work=Capital Gazette|access-date=August 27, 2018|last2=Bogel-Burroughs|first2=Nicholas|language=en-US}} +|- +|{{dts|June 17, 2018}} +|[[Trenton, New Jersey]] +|1 +|22Seventeen injured by gunfire +|'''23''' +|[[Art All Night shooting]]: Several gunmen wounded seventeen people at the Art All Night festival. Five others were wounded when they were trampled by people around them. One of the suspected gunmen was shot and killed by police. Police suspect the shooting was gang-related.{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/06/17/nyregion/trenton-mass-shooting.html|title=Mass Shooting at New Jersey Arts Festival Leaves 22 Injured and 1 Dead|last1=Ferré-Sadurní|first1=Luis|date=June 17, 2018|work=The New York Times|access-date=October 27, 2018|last2=Zaveri|first2=Mihir|language=en}} +|- +|{{dts|May 30, 2018|format=md}}–June 4, 2018 +|[[Scottsdale, Arizona]] +|7 +|0 +|'''7''' +|[[2018 Scottsdale shootings]]: Over the course of several days, a man killed a forensic psychiatrist, two paralegals, a counselor, and a couple from whom he took a handgun. The suspect killed himself when police began closing in on him.{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/06/04/us/jonbenet-ramsey-psychiatrist-killed.html|title=Arizona Man Left a Trail of 6 Bodies, Police Believe, Then Added His Own|last1=Stevens|first1=Matt|date=June 4, 2018|work=The New York Times|access-date=October 28, 2018|last2=Haag|first2=Matthew|language=en}}{{Cite news|url=https://www.azcentral.com/story/news/local/scottsdale-breaking/2018/06/04/scottsdale-police-closing-murder-suspect/668075002/|title=Six people killed by Scottsdale murder suspect, police say|last1=Ryman|first1=Anne|date=June 4, 2018|work=azcentral|access-date=October 28, 2018|last2=Garcia|first2=Uriel J.|language=en}} +|- +|{{dts|May 18, 2018}} +|[[Santa Fe, Texas]] +|10 +|14 +|'''24''' +|[[Santa Fe High School shooting]]: A student at [[Santa Fe High School (Texas)|Santa Fe High School]] shot and killed ten people and wounded fourteen others. Explosive devices were also found, but they were not detonated. The suspect was taken into custody by police.{{Cite web|url=http://time.com/5282212/santa-fe-high-school-texas-school-shooting/|title=10 Confirmed Dead, 10 Wounded: The Latest on the Santa Fe, Texas School Shooting|last1=Ducharme|first1=Jamie|last2=Reilly|first2=Katie|date=May 18, 2018|website=Time|language=en|access-date=October 27, 2018|last3=Ducharme|first3=Jamie}} +|- +|{{dts|April 22, 2018}} +|[[Nashville, Tennessee]] +|4 +|2 +|'''6''' +|[[Nashville Waffle House shooting]]: A gunman entered a [[Waffle House]], where he killed four people and injured two others. He was later taken into custody.{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/04/22/us/waffle-house-shooting.html|title=Man Sought in Waffle House Shooting Had Been Arrested Near White House|last1=Mele|first1=Christopher|date=April 22, 2018|work=The New York Times|access-date=October 29, 2018|last2=Fortin|first2=Jacey|language=en}} +|- +|April 3, 2018 +|[[San Bruno, California]] +|1 +|4Three injured by gunfire +|'''5''' +|[[YouTube headquarters shooting]]: A woman approached an outdoor patio at [[YouTube]] Headquarters and wounded three people before committing suicide, a fourth person was injured in the evacuation.{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-43635864|title=Female suspect dead in YouTube HQ shooting|date=April 4, 2018 |work=BBC News|access-date=July 9, 2019 |language=en-GB}} +|- +|{{dts|March 9, 2018}} +|[[Yountville, California]] +|5Including an unborn child +|0 +|'''5''' +|[[Yountville shooting]]: A man entered the [[Veterans Home of California Yountville|Veterans Home of California]] and held three staff members hostage. He killed the three staff members (and the unborn child of one of the staff members, who was pregnant) before killing himself in a murder–suicide.{{Cite news|url=https://napavalleyregister.com/news/local/sheriff-releases-name-of-deputy-who-responded-to-fatal-shooting/article_f45f1d5a-0625-5ca9-889f-b985d02518a8.html|title=Sheriff releases name of deputy who responded to fatal shooting in Yountville|last=Sestito|first=Maria|date=March 16, 2018|work=Napa Valley Register|access-date=October 30, 2018|language=en}} +|- +|{{dts|February 14, 2018}} +|[[Parkland, Florida]] +|17 +|17 +|'''34''' +|[[Stoneman Douglas High School shooting]]: A former student of [[Marjory Stoneman Douglas High School]] entered the school, killed seventeen people, and wounded seventeen others. He was taken into custody by police.{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/02/14/us/parkland-school-shooting.html|title=Death Toll Is at 17 and Could Rise in Florida School Shooting|last1=Burch|first1=Audra D. S.|date=February 14, 2018|work=The New York Times|access-date=October 27, 2018|last2=Mazzei|first2=Patricia|language=en}}{{Cite news|url=https://www.nbcnews.com/news/us-news/police-respond-shooting-parkland-florida-high-school-n848101|title=17 killed in mass shooting at high school in Parkland, Florida|last1=Chuck|first1=Elizabeth|date=February 14, 2018|work=NBC News|access-date=October 27, 2018|last2=Johnson|first2=Alex|language=en-US|last3=Siemaszko|first3=Corky}} +|- +|January 28, 2018 +|[[Melcroft, Pennsylvania]] +|5 +|1 +|'''6''' +|[[Melcroft shooting]]: A man shot and killed four people and wounded one other at a gas station before he committed suicide. +|- +|{{dts|January 23, 2018}} +|[[Benton, Kentucky]] +|2 +|16 +|'''18''' +|[[Marshall County High School shooting]]: A fifteen-year-old student killed two other students and injured sixteen others before discarding his weapon and attempting to hide among other students. He was apprehended by police.{{Cite news|url=https://www.nbcnews.com/news/us-news/one-dead-after-shooting-kentucky-high-school-multiple-victims-reported-n840171|title=Kentucky school shooting: Two dead after attack at Marshall County High School|date=January 25, 2018|work=NBC News|access-date=October 30, 2018|language=en-US}} +|} + +=== 2017 === +{| class="wikitable sortable" +! scope="col" style="width: 56px;" |Date +! scope="col" style="width: 84px;" |Location +! data-sort-type=number | Dead +! data-sort-type=number | Injured +! data-sort-type=number | Total +! class=unsortable | Description +|- +|{{dts|December 31, 2017}} +|[[Highlands Ranch, Colorado]] +|2 +|6 +|'''8''' +|[[Copper Canyon Apartment Homes shooting]]: After being called to a home for a report of a disturbance, five police officers were shot in an "ambush-style" attack. One officer was killed and the other four were wounded. Two other people were also wounded in a neighboring apartment. Officers later re-entered the apartment with a [[SWAT|SWAT team]] and killed the suspect; another officer was injured in this exchange.{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/12/31/us/colorado-deputies-shooting.html|title=Colorado Gunman Shoots 5 Officers Near Denver, One Fatally|last1=Mele|first1=Christopher|date=December 31, 2018|work=Washington Post|access-date=October 31, 2018|last2=Healy|first2=Jack|language=en}} +|- +|{{dts|December 7, 2017}} +|[[Aztec, New Mexico]] +|3 +|0 +|'''3''' +|[[Aztec High School shooting]]: A man walked into [[Aztec High School]] disguised as a student and killed two before killing himself. +|- +|{{dts|November 13, 2017|format=md}}, 2017 +|[[Tehama County, California]] +|6 +|12 +|'''18''' +|[[Rancho Tehama Reserve shootings]]: A man killed his wife and hid her body under the floorboards of their home before killing two neighbors, firing at random at people, and then ramming his truck through the gates of an elementary school and firing at those inside. He then drove away and targeted other random victims before being rammed by police and shooting himself. He killed five people and injured twelve others (some with bullet wounds, others were injured by flying glass) before committing suicide.{{Cite web|url=http://www.latimes.com/local/lanow/la-me-ln-rancho-tehama-shooting-phommathep-family-20171117-htmlstory.html|title=Mother driving her boys to school when Rancho Tehama gunman struck shielded her son despite her wounds - Los Angeles Times|last=Branson-Potts|first=Hailey|date=November 17, 2018|website=The Los Angeles Times|access-date=October 31, 2018}} +|- +|{{dts|November 5, 2017}} +|[[Sutherland Springs, Texas]] +|27 +|20 +|'''47''' +|[[Sutherland Springs church shooting]]: A gunman approached the First Baptist Church in Sutherland Springs and killed two people outside before entering and shooting at the congregation, killing 26 people (including an unborn child) and injuring twenty. He was confronted by a local man with a gun, and they exchanged gunfire before entering a vehicle. The man flagged down another person and they began a high-speed chase of the gunman, which ended when the gunman went off the road and was found dead from a self-inflicted gunshot wound.{{Cite news|url=http://nymag.com/intelligencer/2017/11/multiple-people-dead-after-mass-shooting-at-texas-church.html?gtm=top>m=top|title=26 Dead After Mass Shooting at South Texas Church|last1=Danner|first1=Chas|date=November 6, 2017|work=Intelligencer|access-date=October 31, 2018|publisher=New York Magazine|last2=Hartmann|first2=Margaret|language=en}}{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/11/08/us/texas-shooting-video-devin-kelley.html|title=Texas Church Shooting Video Shows Gunman's Methodical Attack, Official Says|last1=Goldman|first1=Adam|date=November 8, 2018|work=The New York Times|access-date=October 31, 2018|last2=Pérez-Peña|first2=Richard|language=en|last3=Fernandez|first3=Manny}} +|- +|{{dts|October 1, 2017}} +|[[Las Vegas|Las Vegas, Nevada]] +|61 +|411 +|'''472''' +|[[2017 Las Vegas shooting]]: A man on the 32nd floor of a hotel opened fire on a country music festival happening outside, killing 60 people and injuring 867 others, with 411 of them suffering from gunshot wounds. The man then shot himself.{{Cite web|url=http://www.gunviolencearchive.org/download/las-vegas-shooting.pdf|title=Las Vegas Shooting Incident|website=Gun Violence Archive|access-date=August 26, 2018}}{{Cite web|url=https://lasvegassun.com/news/2018/jan/19/sheriff-to-provide-update-about-strip-mass-shootin/|title=Sheriff: Person of interest part of Strip shooting probe; Paddock had child porn - Las Vegas Sun Newspaper|last=Torres-Cortez|first=Ricardo|date=January 19, 2018|website=Las Vegas Sun|language=en|access-date=October 31, 2018}}{{cite news|url=https://www.reviewjournal.com/crime/homicides/california-woman-declared-59th-victim-of-2017-massacre-in-las-vegas-2102779/|title=California woman declared 59th victim of 2017 massacre in Las Vegas|publisher=The Las Vegas Review-Journal|last=Lacanlale|first=Rio|date=August 24, 2020|accessdate=August 27, 2020}}{{cite news|url=https://www.reviewjournal.com/crime/shootings/las-vegas-woman-becomes-60th-victim-of-october-2017-mass-shooting-2123456/|title=Las Vegas woman becomes 60th victim of October 2017 mass shooting|publisher=The Las Vegas Review-Journal|last=Lacanlale|first=Rio|date=September 17, 2020|accessdate=September 17, 2020}}{{Cite web|url=https://www.lvmpd.com/en-us/Documents/1-October-FIT-Criminal-Investigative-Report-FINAL_080318.pdf|title=LVMPD Criminal Investigative Report of the 1 October Mass Casualty Shooting|accessdate=March 13, 2020|via=www.lvmpd.com}} +|- +|{{dts|September 24, 2017}} +|[[Antioch, Tennessee]] +|1 +|8 +|'''9''' +|[[Burnette Chapel shooting]]: A man killed a woman outside the Burnette Chapel Church of Christ before entering the chapel and wounding seven others. During a struggle with an usher, the man shot himself in the chest. The usher ran to his car to get his own pistol and held the man at gunpoint until police arrived to arrest him.{{Cite news|url=https://www.foxnews.com/us/2017/09/25/tennessee-church-shooter-admits-to-crime-as-bizarre-facebook-posts-surface.html|title=Tennessee church shooter admits to crime as bizarre Facebook posts surface|date=September 25, 2017|work=Fox News|access-date=October 31, 2018|language=en-US}} +|- +|{{dts|September 10, 2017}} +|[[Plano, Texas]] +|9 +|1 +|'''10''' +|[[2017 Plano shooting]]: A man entered his ex-wife's home while she was hosting a football-watching party and killed her and seven others, and wounded one other. He was killed by police.{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-41265798|title=Texas gunman killed ex-wife and friends|date=September 14, 2017|work=BBC News|access-date=October 31, 2018|language=en-GB}} +|- +|{{dts|August 28, 2017}} +|[[Clovis, New Mexico]] +|2 +|4 +|'''6''' +|[[Clovis library shooting]]: A sixteen-year-old killed two people and wounded four others at a public library before surrendering to police.{{Cite web|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/morning-mix/wp/2017/08/28/two-dead-four-injured-in-shooting-at-new-mexico-library/|title=16-year-old faces murder charges in New Mexico library shooting|last1=deGrandpre|first1=Andrew|last2=Wang|first2=Amy B.|date=August 29, 2017|website=Washington Post|language=en|access-date=October 31, 2018}} +|- +|{{dts|July 1, 2017}} +|[[Little Rock, Arkansas]] +|0 +|28 +|'''28''' +|[[Little Rock nightclub shooting]]: Twenty-eight people were injured (twenty-five directly by gunfire) when shooting broke out in a nightclub where rapper Finese 2Tymes was performing.{{Cite news|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world-0/arkansas-nightclub-shooting-injured-gunman-little-rock-concert-power-ultra-lounge-a7818081.html|title=At least 28 injured after 'multiple shooters' open fire at US nightclub|last=Wilford|first=Greg|date=July 1, 2017|work=The Independent|access-date=October 31, 2018|language=en-GB}} +|- +|June 30, 2017 +|[[New York City|New York City, New York]] +|2 +|6 +|'''8''' +|[[Bronx-Lebanon Hospital attack]]: A former hospital employee killed a doctor and wounded six others before he committed suicide. +|- +|June 14, 2017 +|[[San Francisco|San Francisco, California]] +|4 +|5 +|'''9''' +|[[San Francisco UPS shooting]]: A gunman entered his workplace and singled out coworkers, killing three and wounding five, before committing suicide.{{Cite news|url=https://slate.com/news-and-politics/2017/06/three-victims-dead-in-shooting-at-ups-warehouse-in-san-francisco.html|title=Three Victims Dead in Shooting at UPS Warehouse in San Francisco|last=Ballenger|first=Grace|work=Slate Magazine|access-date=November 26, 2018 |language=en}} +|- +|{{dts|June 14, 2017}} +|[[Alexandria, Virginia]] +|1 +|6 +|'''7''' +|[[2017 Congressional baseball shooting]]: A gunman shot and wounded four people, including Republican Congressman and House Majority Whip [[Steve Scalise]], while they were practicing for the [[Congressional Baseball Game]]. Two others were also injured in other ways. The gunman was killed after being engaged by [[Capitol police|Capitol police officers]] assigned to protect Scalise and by police officers responding to the scene.{{Cite news|url=https://www.nbcnews.com/news/us-news/congressman-steve-scalise-shot-alexandria-virginia-park-n772111|title=Congressman Steve Scalise, Three Others Shot at Alexandria, Virginia, Baseball Field|last1=Williams|first1=Pete|date=June 14, 2017|work=NBC News|access-date=October 31, 2018|last2=Moe|first2=Alex|language=en-US|last3=Ortiz|first3=Erik}} +|- +|{{dts|June 8, 2017}} +|[[Eaton Township, Wyoming County, Pennsylvania|Eaton Township, Pennsylvania]] +|4 +|0 +|'''4''' +|[[Eaton Township Weis Markets shooting]]: An employee of a [[Weis Markets]] supermarket who was working a night shift barricaded the exits and killed three coworkers before killing himself.{{Cite news|url=https://www.pahomepage.com/news/four-dead-in-weis-market-shooting/735099274|title=Four dead in Weis Market shooting|last=Becker|first=Dave|date=June 9, 2018|work=PA Homepage|access-date=October 31, 2018|language=en-US}} +|- +|June 6, 2017 +|[[Sandy, Utah]] +|3 +|2 +|'''5''' +|[[Sandy, Utah attack]]: A man rammed a vehicle containing his ex-girlfriend, three children and one other adult, opened fire, killing two and wounding two, then committed suicide.{{Cite news|url=https://www.deseretnews.com/article/900009130/its-so-twisted-but-i-want-her-to-die-final-reports-give-timeline-of-tragic-sandy-murders.html|title='It's so twisted but I want her to die': Final reports give timeline of tragic Utah murders|last=Reavy|first=Pat|date=January 31, 2018 |work=DeseretNews.com|access-date=November 26, 2018 |language=en}} +|- +|{{dts|June 5, 2017}} +|[[Orlando, Florida]] +|6 +|0 +|'''6''' +|[[Orlando factory shooting]]: A former employee entered the factory through a rear exit and killed five employees and then himself.{{Cite news|url=https://www.orlandosentinel.com/news/orlando-workplace-shooting/os-orlando-workplace-shooting-20170605-story.html|title=Orlando workplace shooting: Former employee kills 5, then himself|last1=Harris|first1=David|date=June 5, 2017|work=Orlando Sentinel|access-date=October 31, 2018|last2=Hayes|first2=Christal|language=en-US|last3=Williams|first3=Michael}} +|- +|{{dts|May 27, 2017}} +|[[Lincoln County, Mississippi]] +|8 +|1 +|'''9''' +|[[2017 Mississippi shootings]]: A man killed eight people, including several family members and a sheriff's deputy, at three separate houses. He was injured by police and then arrested. The shooter later said he had intended to commit [[suicide by cop]].{{Cite news|url=https://www.cnn.com/2017/05/28/us/mississippi-mass-shooting/|title=Sheriff's deputy, 7 others killed in Mississippi shootings|last1=Sterling|first1=Joe|date=May 29, 2017|work=CNN|access-date=October 31, 2018|last2=Prior|first2=Ryan}} +|- +|May 12, 2017 +|[[Kirkersville, Ohio]] +|4 +|0 +|'''4''' +|[[Kirkersville shooting]]: After taking two people hostage, a man shot and killed a police officer and two nurses at a nursing home before he killed himself. +|- +|{{dts|April 13, 2017|format=md}} +–April 18, 2017 +|[[Fresno, California]] +|4 +|0 +|'''4''' +|[[2017 Fresno shootings]]: A man killed a security guard at a hotel, then killed three other people five days later. The attacks, committed against white people by a black suspect, are believed to have been racially motivated and the suspect believed there was a [[Ethnic conflict|race war]] taking place between white and black people. He was taken into custody by police.{{Cite web|url=http://www.latimes.com/local/lanow/la-me-fresno-shooter-suspect-20170418-story.html|title=Suspect in Fresno shooting rampage spoke about racial conflict and black nationalism - Los Angeles Times|last1=Serna|first1=Joseph|last2=Branson-Potts|first2=Hailey|date=April 18, 2017|website=The Los Angeles Times|access-date=October 31, 2018|last3=Queally|first3=James}} +|- +|{{dts|April 10, 2017}} +|[[San Bernardino, California]] +|3 +|1 +|'''4''' +|[[North Park Elementary School shooting]]: A man entered an elementary school, telling school administrators he needed to drop something off for his wife. He entered the classroom where she was teaching and killed her, also killing a student and wounding another who were standing nearby. He then killed himself.{{Cite web|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/post-nation/wp/2017/04/10/at-least-two-students-hospitalized-after-shooting-at-san-bernardino-elementary-school-police-say/|title=Teacher, 8-year-old student killed after husband opens fire in San Bernardino classroom, officials say|last1=Somashekhar|first1=Sandhya|last2=Bever|first2=Lindsey|date=April 10, 2017|website=Washington Post|language=en|access-date=October 31, 2018}} +|- +|{{dts|March 26, 2017}} +|[[Cincinnati]], [[Ohio]] +|2 +|16 +|'''18''' +|[[Cincinnati nightclub shooting]]: Two men were killed and sixteen people were wounded after a fight escalated into a shooting at a crowded nightclub. One person was arrested.{{Cite news|url=https://www.apnews.com/5aa96e6aa1804e0c894e30bf6cdebe55|title=Lawyer: Dead Cincinnati nightclub shooting suspect is victim|last=Franko|first=Kantele|date=April 4, 2017|work=The Associated Press|access-date=October 31, 2018}} +|- +|March 22, 2017 +|[[Schofield, Wisconsin|Schofield]] and [[Rothschild, Wisconsin]] +|5 +|0 +|'''5''' +|[[2017 Schofield/Rothschild shootings]]: A man demanded his wife sign divorce papers and after a confrontation, returned to her place of work and shot and killed four people before being killed by the police.{{Cite news|url=https://www.wausaudailyherald.com/story/news/2017/08/29/report-mass-shooter-nengmy-vang-admitted-killings-demanded-tell-his-side/611830001/|title=Report: Mass shooter Nengmy Vang admitted to killings, demanded to tell his side|last=Schulte|first=Laura|date=August 29, 2017|work=Daily Herald Media|access-date=November 23, 2018 |language=en}} +|- +|{{dts|January 6, 2017}} +|[[Broward County, Florida]] +|5 +|6 +|'''11''' +|[[Fort Lauderdale airport shooting]]: A man killed five people and injured six in a shooting at [[Fort Lauderdale–Hollywood International Airport]] before running out of ammunition and laying on the ground to surrender to police. Thirty to forty other people were also hurt, with injuries not directly caused by gunfire.{{Cite news|url=https://www.sun-sentinel.com/news/fort-lauderdale-hollywood-airport-shooting/fl-fort-lauderdale-airport-shooting-20170106-story.html|title=Esteban Santiago: Details emerge of suspect in airport shooting|last1=Fleshler|first1=David|date=January 7, 2018|work=Sun-Sentinel|access-date=October 31, 2018|last2=Bryan|first2=Susannah|language=en-US|last3=McMahon|first3=Paula|last4=Trischitta|first4=Linda}} +|} + +=== 2016 === +{| class="wikitable sortable" +! scope="col" style="width: 56px;" |Date +! scope="col" style="width: 84px;" |Location +! data-sort-type=number | Dead +! data-sort-type=number | Injured +! data-sort-type=number | Total +! class=unsortable | Description +|- +|{{dts|September 28, 2016}} +|[[Townville, South Carolina]] +|2 +|3 +|'''5''' +|[[Townville Elementary School shooting]]: A fourteen-year-old shot and killed his father before driving to the local elementary school and injuring three students and a teacher. One student later died of his injuries. The shooter was later arrested.{{Cite news|url=https://www.independentmail.com/story/news/crime/2018/02/16/jesse-osborne-waiver-hearing-decision-ahead-townville-elementary-school-shooting-trial/344413002/|title=Jesse Osborne, 15, accused of Townville school shooting, will be tried as an adult|last=Mayo|first=Nikie|date=February 17, 2018|work=Anderson Independent Mail|access-date=November 3, 2018|language=en}} +|- +|{{dts|September 23, 2016}} +|[[Burlington, Washington]] +|5 +|0 +|'''5''' +|[[Cascade Mall shooting]]: A man killed five people at the [[Cascade Mall]]. He was arrested a day later. The shooter later killed himself while in jail.{{Cite news|url=https://q13fox.com/2017/06/12/suspect-in-cascade-mall-shooting-that-killed-5-died-of-suicide-in-jail-sheriffs-probe-confirms/|title=Suspect in Cascade Mall shooting that killed 5 died of suicide in jail, sheriff's probe confirms|date=June 13, 2017|work=Q13 FOX News|access-date=November 3, 2018|language=en-US}} +|- +|{{dts|August 20, 2016}} +|[[Citronelle, Alabama]] +|6 +|0 +|'''6''' +|[[2016 Citronelle homicides]]: A man killed six people (including an unborn child) while they were sleeping in a home. He was arrested by police.{{Cite news|url=https://www.al.com/news/mobile/index.ssf/2016/08/citronelle_mayor_city_is_in_sh.html|title=Citronelle mayor: City is in 'shock' following murders|last=Sharp|first=John|date=August 22, 2016|work=AL.com|access-date=November 3, 2018|language=en-US}} +|- +|{{dts|July 30, 2016}} +|[[Mukilteo, Washington]] +|3 +|1 +|'''4''' +|[[2016 Mukilteo shooting]]: A student at the [[University of Washington]] killed three people and injured one other in a shooting at a party. One of the people he killed was his ex-girlfriend. The shooter was arrested and sentenced to life in prison.{{Cite news|url=https://www.seattletimes.com/seattle-news/crime/allen-ivanov-to-get-life-in-prison-for-killing-3-classmates-at-mukilteo-party/|title=Victims' loved ones share their pain as Mukilteo shooter Allen Ivanov is sentenced to life|last=Carter|first=Mike|date=January 12, 2017|work=The Seattle Times|access-date=November 3, 2018|language=en-US}} +|- +|{{dts|July 17, 2016}} +|[[Baton Rouge, Louisiana]] +|4 +|3 +|'''7''' +|[[2016 shooting of Baton Rouge police officers]]: A gunman killed three law enforcement officers and injured three others. The gunman was killed by a member of the SWAT team that responded to the shooting. The shooting is believed to have been related to the unrest in Baton Rouge following the [[shooting of Alton Sterling]], and the gunman was involved with [[Black separatism|black separatist]] and [[Sovereign citizen movement|sovereign citizen]] organizations.{{Cite news|url=https://www.theadvocate.com/baton_rouge/news/crime_police/article_70595fc8-4c2a-11e6-8d54-8fde922185e6.html|title=What we know, don't know after Baton Rouge officer shooting|last=Lau|first=Maya|date=July 17, 2016|work=The Advocate|access-date=November 3, 2018|language=en}}{{Cite news|url=https://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2016/jul/20/gavin-long-cop-killer-linked-to-separatists/|title=Gavin Long, cop killer, linked to separatists|last=Gertz|first=Bill|date=July 20, 2016|work=The Washington Times|access-date=November 3, 2018|language=en-US}} +|- +|{{dts|July 11, 2016}} +|[[St. Joseph, Michigan]] +|3 +|2 +|'''5''' +|[[St. Joseph courthouse shooting]]: A handcuffed inmate killed two [[Bailiff#United States|bailiffs]] and injured a deputy and another woman after taking a deputy's gun in a courthouse. The inmate was killed by two other bailiffs.{{Cite news|url=https://www.foxnews.com/us/michigan-gunman-who-killed-2-bailiffs-faced-multiple-felony-charges|title=Michigan gunman who killed 2 bailiffs faced multiple felony charges|date=July 5, 2017|work=Fox News|access-date=November 3, 2018|language=en-US}} +|- +|{{dts|July 7, 2016}} +|[[Dallas|Dallas, Texas]] +|6 +|11 +|'''17''' +|[[2016 shooting of Dallas police officers]]: A shooter killed five police officers and wounded nine other officers and two civilians at a protest over the police shootings of [[Shooting of Alton Sterling|Alton Sterling]] and [[Shooting of Philando Castile|Philando Castile]]. The shooter was killed by a bomb delivered by a remote control vehicle. He is believed to have been motivated by retribution for black men killed by police.{{Cite news|url=https://interactives.dallasnews.com/2018/standoff/|title=Standoff: How the Dallas SWAT team cornered and killed the July 7 police shooter|last=Thompson|first=Jamie|date=February 2, 2018|work=Dallas News|access-date=November 3, 2018|language=en}} +|- +|{{dts|June 12, 2016}} +|[[Orlando, Florida]] +|50 +|53 +|'''103''' +|[[Orlando nightclub shooting]]: A gunman killed 49 people and wounded 53 others in a shooting at Pulse, a [[Gay bar|gay nightclub]]. The gunman was killed in a shootout with the police.{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/06/15/us/orlando-shooting.html|title=Orlando Shooting Survivors Cope With the Trauma of Good Fortune|last1=Stolberg|first1=Sheryl Gay|date=June 14, 2016|work=The New York Times|access-date=November 3, 2018|last2=Pérez-Peña|first2=Richard|language=en}} +|- +|{{dts|May 5, 2016|format=md}} +–May 6, 2016 +|[[Beltsville, Maryland|Beltsville]] and [[Bethesda, Maryland]] +|3 +|3 +|'''6''' +|[[2016 Maryland shooting spree]]: A federal officer shot and killed three people and injured three others in an attack that began with him killing his estranged wife.{{Cite news|url=https://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/maryland-mall-shooting_us_572cc8dae4b016f378958fac|title=Officer Captured After Shooting Spree Leaves 3 Dead In Maryland|last1=Murdock|first1=Sebastian|date=May 6, 2016|work=Huffington Post|access-date=November 5, 2018|last2=Campbell|first2=Andy|language=en-US|last3=Jeltsen|first3=Melissa}} +|- +|{{dts|April 21, 2016|format=md}} +–April 22, 2016 +|[[Pike County, Ohio]] +|8 +|0 +|'''8''' +|[[Pike County shootings]]: Eight people, all members of the same family, were killed. Bodies were found in four separate locations.{{Cite news|url=https://apnews.com/f370c97406024a9d93d33bdab9aee904|title=2 weeks after 8 killed in Ohio, no arrests, few answers|last=Welsh-Huggins|first=Andrew|date=May 6, 2016|work=The Associated Press|access-date=November 3, 2018}} +|- +|{{dts|March 9, 2016}} +|[[Wilkinsburg, Pennsylvania]] +|6 +|3 +|'''9''' +|[[2016 Wilkinsburg mass shooting]]: Six people (including an unborn child) were killed and three were injured by two gunmen in an attack during a backyard party. One person with a handgun drove the partygoers toward a backyard porch, where the second shot at them with an assault-style rifle.{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/03/11/us/mass-shooting-wilkinsburg-pittsburgh.html?_r=0|title=Shooting That Killed 5 at Party Near Pittsburgh Was Planned, Police Say|last1=Stroud|first1=Matt|date=March 10, 2016|work=The New York Times|access-date=November 3, 2018|last2=Hauser|first2=Christine|language=en}} +|- +|March 7-March 8, 2016 +|[[Kansas City, Kansas]] and [[Montgomery County, Missouri]] +|5 +|0 +|'''5''' +|[[2016 Kansas–Missouri murder spree|2016 Kansas-Missouri murder spree]]: Four people were killed at a home and another was shot and killed the following day. The perpetrator was arrested the next day. +|- +|{{dts|February 25, 2016}} +|[[Hesston, Kansas|Hesston]] and [[Newton, Kansas]] +|4 +|14 +|'''18''' +|[[Hesston shooting]]: A man killed three people and injured fourteen others in an attack at his workplace. He had been served with a temporary [[Restraining order|order of protection]] shortly before he began shooting. He was killed by police who responded to the scene.{{Cite web|url=https://abcnews.go.com/US/kansas-shooter-issued-restraining-order-killings-cops/story?id=37214171|title=Victims in Kansas Workplace Shooting Identified|last1=Stevenson|first1=Kelly|last2=Jacobo|first2=Julia|date=February 26, 2016|website=ABC News|language=en|access-date=November 3, 2018|last3=Shapiro|first3=Emily}} +|- +|{{dts|February 20, 2016}} +|[[Kalamazoo, Michigan]] +|6 +|2 +|'''8''' +|[[2016 Kalamazoo shootings]]: An [[Uber]] driver is suspected to have killed six people and wounded two others in a series of shootings targeting random people.{{Cite news|url=https://news.vice.com/en_us/article/3kw795/kalamazoo-driver-who-killed-six-says-uber-app-made-him-do-it|title=Kalamazoo Driver Who Killed Six Says Uber App Made Him Do It|date=March 15, 2016|work=VICE News|access-date=November 3, 2018|language=en}} +|} + +=== 2015 === +{| class="wikitable sortable" +! scope="col" style="width: 56px;" |Date +! scope="col" style="width: 84px;" |Location +! data-sort-type=number | Dead +! data-sort-type=number | Injured +! data-sort-type=number | Total +! class=unsortable | Description +|- +|{{dts|December 2, 2015}} +|[[San Bernardino, California]] +|16 +|22 +|'''38''' +|[[2015 San Bernardino attack]]: A married couple opened fire on the husband's colleagues at a work training event. They killed fourteen people and injured twenty-two before being killed in a shootout with police. [[Pipe bomb]]s set at their residence failed to detonate. The two perpetrators are believed to have been [[Radicalization|radicalized]], though not believed to have been directly connected to a specific foreign terrorist organization.{{Cite web|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/post-nation/wp/2016/12/02/one-year-after-san-bernardino-police-offer-a-possible-motive-as-questions-still-linger/|title=One year after the San Bernardino attack, police offer a possible motive as questions still linger|last=Berman|first=Mark|date=December 2, 2016|website=Washington Post|language=en|access-date=October 28, 2018}} +|- +|- +|{{dts|November 27, 2015}} +|[[Colorado Springs, Colorado]] +|3 +|9 +|'''12''' +|[[Colorado Springs Planned Parenthood shooting]]: A man killed two civilians and a police officer and wounded nine others inside a [[Planned Parenthood]] clinic before surrendering to police. The shootings are suspected to have been motivated by the suspect's [[Anti-abortion movements|anti-abortion]] views.{{Cite news|url=https://gazette.com/news/admitted-colorado-springs-planned-parenthood-shooter-again-ruled-incompetent/article_828ba4c9-821e-50ef-99b2-8ea54b84d6b4.html|title=Admitted Colorado Springs Planned Parenthood shooter again ruled incompetent|last=Benzel|first=Lance|date=February 13, 2018|work=Colorado Springs Gazette|access-date=November 6, 2018|language=en}} +|- +|November 23, 2015 +|[[Minneapolis|Minneapolis, Minnesota]] +|0 +|5 +|'''5''' +|[[Shooting of Jamar Clark#Shooting of protesters|Shooting of protesters at a Black Lives Matter protest]]: During a [[Black Lives Matter]] protest related to the [[shooting of Jamar Clark]], a man opened fire and injured five protestors. The perpetrator was later arrested.{{Cite news|url=https://mic.com/articles/129105/five-shot-at-black-lives-mater-encampment-in-minneapolis|title=Five Shot at Black Lives Matter Encampment in Minneapolis|last=Levine|first=Jon|date=November 24, 2015|work=The Mic|access-date=November 19, 2018 |language=en}} +|- +|{{dts|October 1, 2015}} +|[[Roseburg, Oregon]] +|10 +|8 +|'''18''' +|[[Umpqua Community College shooting]]: A student at [[Umpqua Community College]] killed nine people and injured eight others on the college campus. After being wounded by police officers, he killed himself.{{Cite news|url=https://www.kdrv.com/content/news/Umpqua-Community-College-Remembers-Victims-of-2015-Shooting-494857671.html|title=Umpqua Community College Remembers Victims of 2015 Shooting|last=Parfitt|first=Jamie|date=October 1, 2018|work=KDRV News|access-date=November 5, 2018|language=en}} +|- +|{{dts|August 26, 2015}} +|[[Moneta, Virginia]] +|3 +|1 +|'''4''' +|[[Murders of Alison Parker and Adam Ward]]: An enraged former employee for [[WDBJ]] (Bryce Williams) carried out a preplanned shooting targeting 3 reporters, conducting a live T.V. interview near [[Smith Mountain Lake]]. Alison Parker was fatally shot, and the cameraman Adam Ward was also killed. Vicki Gardner was also shot, but survived. He fled the scene in his car then took off on foot while a massive [[Manhunt (law enforcement)|manhunt]] was underway. Before police could approach Williams, he committed [[suicide]] by shooting himself. He stated that the motive was the [[Charleston church shooting]] and possible discrimination at his workplace.{{Cite web | url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/virginia-police-shooting-live-television-news-report/ |title = Gunman in deadly on-air attack dies after manhunt}} +|- +|{{dts|August 8, 2015}} +|[[Harris County, Texas]] +|8 +|0 +|'''8''' +|[[2015 Harris County shooting]]: A man broke into his ex-girlfriend's home and held her hostage along with her husband and six children, one of whom was his son. Over the course of nine hours, he killed everyone in the home. After a shootout with police, he surrendered and was taken into custody.{{Cite news|url=https://www.chron.com/news/houston-texas/houston/article/Reports-Five-children-three-adults-shot-dead-in-6433574.php|title=Suspect charged with capital murder in death of 6 children, 2 adults|last1=Schiller|first1=Dane|date=August 10, 2015|work=Houston Chronicle|access-date=November 6, 2018|last2=Carroll|first2=Susan|last3=Caruba|first3=Lauren|last4=Kriel|first4=Lomi}} +|- +|{{dts|July 23, 2015}} +|[[Lafayette, Louisiana]] +|3 +|9 +|'''12''' +|[[2015 Lafayette shooting]]: A gunman killed two people and injured nine in a shooting at a movie theater. After trying to blend into the crowd leaving the theater, the gunman heard sirens, returned to the theater, and killed himself.{{Cite web|url=http://www.latimes.com/nation/nationnow/la-na-nn-shooting-louisiana-lafayette-movie-theater-20150723-story.html|title=John Russel Houser identified as Louisiana theater shooter who killed 2 and himself|last1=Raab|first1=Lauren|last2=Littlefield|first2=Christina|date=July 24, 2015|website=The Los Angeles Times|access-date=November 6, 2018}} +|- +|{{dts|July 16, 2015}} +|[[Chattanooga, Tennessee]] +|6 +|2 +|'''8''' +|[[2015 Chattanooga shootings]]: A man committed a drive-by shooting at a military recruitment center in a strip mall, wounding one [[United States Marine Corps|Marine]]. With police in pursuit, he drove to a [[United States Navy Reserve|U.S. Navy Reserve center]] and rammed his vehicle through a gate. He fatally wounded a [[United States Navy|Navy]] sailor, killed four Marines, and wounded a police officer before being killed by a naval commander.{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/07/23/us/chattanooga-tennessee-shooting-investigation-mohammod-abdulazeez.html|title=Slain Troops in Chattanooga Saved Lives Before Giving Their Own|last1=Fausset|first1=Richard|date=July 22, 2015|work=The New York Times|access-date=November 6, 2018|last2=Pérez-Peña|first2=Richard|language=en|last3=Apuzzo|first3=Matt}} The FBI later determined the gunman had been motivated by propaganda published by terrorist organizations.{{Cite news|url=https://www.cnn.com/2015/12/16/us/chattanooga-shooting-terrorist-inspiration/|title=Chattanooga shootings 'inspired' by terrorists, FBI says - CNN|last=Sgueglia|first=Kristina|date=December 16, 2015|work=CNN|access-date=November 6, 2018}} +|- +|{{dts|June 17, 2015}} +|[[Charleston, South Carolina]] +|9 +|1 +|'''10''' +|[[Charleston church shooting]]: A [[White supremacy|white supremacist]] killed nine black people during a prayer service at the [[Emanuel African Methodist Episcopal Church]], wounding one other. He was taken into custody by police, and later said that he committed the shootings in an attempt to start a "race war".{{Cite news|url=https://www.mirror.co.uk/news/world-news/charleston-church-shooting-first-picture-5904803|title=Gunman on the run after killing nine people at church prayer meeting|last1=McLeod|first1=Harriet|date=June 18, 2015|work=Daily Mirror|access-date=November 6, 2018|last2=Rkaina|first2=Sam|last3=Bond|first3=Anthony}}{{Cite news|url=https://myfox8.com/2015/06/19/charleston-shooting-suspect-dylan-roof-confesses-to-killing-9-people/|title=Dylann Roof confesses to killing 9 people in Charleston church, wanting to start 'race war'|agency=CNN Wire|date=June 19, 2015|work=FOX 8|access-date=November 6, 2018|language=en-US}} +|- +|{{dts|May 17, 2015}} +|[[Waco, Texas]] +|9 +|18 +|'''27''' +|[[2015 Waco shootout]]: Gunfire broke out at a restaurant where members of several [[motorcycle club]]s had gathered to discuss political rights for motorcyclists. Members of the clubs and police were both involved in the gunfire. Nine people were killed and eighteen were injured in the shootout, all members of the motorcycle clubs. The shooting may have resulted from a territorial dispute between two of the motorcycle clubs.{{Cite web|url=http://www.latimes.com/nation/la-na-waco-biker-gang-deaths-20150518-story.html|title=Deadly Texas biker gang shootout rooted in brazen rivalries, authorities say - Los Angeles Times|last1=Hennessy-Fiske|first1=Molly|last2=Duara|first2=Nigel|date=May 19, 2015|website=The Los Angeles Times|access-date=November 6, 2018|last3=Pearce|first3=Matt}} +|- +|{{dts|February 26, 2015}} +|[[Tyrone, Missouri]] +|8 +|1 +|'''9''' +|[[2015 Tyrone shooting]]: A man killed seven people and wounded one after going door-to-door and shooting people in four separate homes. Four of the people he killed were family members. The man then killed himself. The shooting was possibly motivated by the man finding his mother dead from natural causes.{{Cite news|url=https://www.nbcnews.com/news/crime-courts/nine-dead-including-gunman-missouri-shooting-spree-report-n314071|title=Nine Dead After Missouri Shooting Spree|date=February 27, 2015|work=NBC News|access-date=November 6, 2018|language=en-US}} +|} + +=== 2014 === +{| class="wikitable sortable" +! scope="col" style="width: 56px;" |Date +! scope="col" style="width: 84px;" |Location +! data-sort-type=number | Dead +! data-sort-type=number | Injured +! data-sort-type=number | Total +! class=unsortable | Description +|- +|{{dts|December 15, 2014}} +|[[Montgomery County, Pennsylvania]] +|6 +|1 +|'''7''' +|[[2014 Montgomery County shootings]]: Six people were found dead and one wounded in three locations across Montgomery County. The shooter was found dead the next day after committing suicide by overdose. One of the victims was the shooter's ex-wife, the others were her relatives.{{Cite news|url=https://www.lehighvalleylive.com/breaking-news/index.ssf/2014/12/bradley_stone_brutalized_his_s.html|title=Bradley Stone brutalized his seven victims, poisoned himself, authorities reveal|last=Bresswein|first=Kurt|date=December 23, 2014|work=Lehigh Valley Live|access-date=November 6, 2018|language=en-US}} +|- +|{{dts|December 12, 2014}} +|[[Portland, Oregon]] +|0 +|4 +|'''4''' +|[[Rosemary Anderson High School shooting]]: A perpetrator shot and injured three students and an adult outside of the school.{{Cite news|url=https://www.cnn.com/2014/12/12/us/portland-school-shooting/|title=4 shot near high school in Portland, Oregon: police - CNN|last=Ellis|first=Ralph|date=December 13, 2014|work=CNN|access-date=November 27, 2018}} +|- +|{{dts|October 24, 2014}} +|[[Marysville, Washington]] +|5 +|1 +|'''6''' +|[[Marysville Pilchuck High School shooting]]: A fifteen-year-old killed four people and injured one other in the cafeteria of [[Marysville Pilchuck High School]] before killing himself.{{Cite news|url=https://nationalpost.com/news/fifth-teen-dies-as-a-result-of-washington-state-high-school-shooting-two-weeks-ago|title=Fifth teen dies as a result of Washington state high-school shooting two weeks ago|last=The Associated Press|date=November 8, 2014|work=National Post|access-date=November 6, 2018|language=en-US}} +|- +|{{dts|July 9, 2014}} +|[[Spring, Texas]] +|6 +|1 +|'''7''' +|[[2014 Harris County shooting]]: A man is suspected of killing six of his family members and wounding a seventh. He was arrested after a brief chase and a standoff that lasted several hours.{{Cite news|url=https://abc13.com/news/tragic-series-of-events-ends-with-suspects-surrender/172808/|title=Suspect charged in shooting that left six dead in N. Harris County|date=July 10, 2014|work=ABC13 Houston|access-date=November 6, 2018|language=en-US}} +|- +|{{dts|May 23, 2014}} +|[[Isla Vista, California]] +|7Three killed by stabbing, four by gunfire including the shooter +|13Seven injured by gunfire, seven struck by vehicle +|'''20''' +|[[2014 Isla Vista killings]]: Several hours after stabbing and killing his three roommates, a man drove to a sorority house near the [[University of California, Santa Barbara]] and knocked on the door. After receiving no answer, he began shooting at people nearby, killing two members of another sorority and injuring a third. He then returned to his car and continued to shoot at and ram people with his vehicle before killing himself with a gunshot.{{Cite web|url=http://www.latimes.com/local/california/la-me-isla-vista-memorial-20150524-story.html|title=Isla Vista rampage victims remembered|last1=Reyes|first1=Emily Alpert|last2=Mozingo|first2=Joe|date=May 23, 2015|website=The Los Angeles Times|access-date=November 6, 2018}} The attack is believed to have been motivated by the killer's hatred of women and frustration with his dating and family life.{{Cite news|url=https://www.cnn.com/2014/05/27/justice/california-elliot-rodger-wealth/|title=Elliot Rodger's family struggled with money, court documents show - CNN|last=Duke|first=Alan|date=May 27, 2014|work=CNN|access-date=November 6, 2018}} +|- +|{{dts|April 2, 2014}} +|[[Fort Hood|Fort Hood, Texas]] +|4 +|14 +|'''18''' +|[[2014 Fort Hood shooting]]: After being denied leave from the Fort Hood military base where he was stationed, a man killed three people and injured fourteen before killing himself.{{Cite news|url=https://www.foxnews.com/us/fort-hood-shooter-snapped-over-denial-of-request-for-leave-army-confirms|title=Fort Hood shooter snapped over denial of request for leave, Army confirms|date=November 23, 2015|work=Fox News|access-date=November 6, 2018|language=en-US}} +|} + +=== 2013 === +{| class="wikitable sortable" +! scope="col" style="width: 56px;" |Date +! scope="col" style="width: 84px;" |Location +! data-sort-type=number | Dead +! data-sort-type=number | Injured +! data-sort-type=number | Total +! class=unsortable | Description +|- +|{{dts|November 1, 2013}} +|[[Los Angeles|Los Angeles, California]] +|1 +|4 +|'''5''' +|[[2013 Los Angeles International Airport shooting]]: A man entered the Los Angeles International Airport, killed a [[Transportation Security Administration|TSA]] agent, and wounded three other people. He was injured when shot several times by police.{{Cite web|url=http://www.latimes.com/local/lanow/la-me-ln-death-penalty-lax-shooting-20140811-story.html|title=Decision on seeking death penalty for accused LAX shooter due by fall|last=Mather|first=Kate|date=August 11, 2014|website=The Los Angeles Times|access-date=November 6, 2018}} +|- +|{{dts|September 16, 2013}} +|[[Washington, D.C.|Washington D.C.]] +|13 +|8 +|'''21''' +|[[Washington Navy Yard shooting]]: A gunman entered the [[Naval Sea Systems Command]] headquarters in the [[Washington Navy Yard]] with a civilian contractor pass. He killed twelve people and injured eight before being killed by police.{{Cite news|url=https://www.nbcwashington.com/news/local/Confirmed-Shooter-at-Navy-Yard-One-Person-Shot-223897891.html|title=Names of Navy Yard Shooting Victims Released|date=September 17, 2013|work=NBC4 Washington|access-date=November 6, 2018|language=en}} +|- +|{{dts|August 5, 2013}} +|[[Saylorsburg, Pennsylvania]] +|3 +|4 +|'''7''' +|[[Ross Township Municipal Building shooting]]: A man entered a meeting of township supervisors and killed three people, injuring three others. The gunman was also injured when his gun went off and hit his own leg as two men wrestled him to the ground and took away his weapon. The shooting was suspected to be motivated by a longstanding feud in which the gunman's property rights had been taken away. He was sentenced to life in prison.{{Cite news|url=http://www.philly.com/philly/news/Park_director_honored_for_saving_others_in_Poconos_municipal_building_shooting.html|title=Township official honored for saving others in shooting rampage at municipal building|last=Babay|first=Emily|date=December 22, 2014|work=The Inquirer|access-date=November 6, 2018}}{{Cite news|url=https://philadelphia.cbslocal.com/2013/08/06/state-police-feud-with-ross-township-officials-possible-motive-in-shooting-at-municipal-building/|title=Pa. State Police: Feud With Township Officials Motive In Shooting At Municipal Building|last=Melwert|first=Jim|date=August 6, 2013|work=CBS Philly|access-date=November 6, 2018|language=en}} +|- +|{{dts|July 26, 2013}} +|[[Hialeah, Florida]] +|7 +|0 +|'''7''' +|[[2013 Hialeah shooting]]: A man lit his apartment on fire and killed six other people in his apartment building before being killed by a SWAT team.{{Cite news|url=http://www.nydailynews.com/news/national/gunman-holding-hostages-fla-apartment-complex-kills-article-1.1410485|title=Florida gunman kills 6 in standoff with police - NY Daily News|last1=Fodere|first1=Alexia|date=July 28, 2013|work=New York Daily News|access-date=November 6, 2018|last2=Lestch|first2=Corinne|language=en-US}} +|- +|{{dts|June 7, 2013}} +|[[Santa Monica, California]] +|6 +|5 +|'''11''' +|[[2013 Santa Monica shooting]]: A man killed two people in a residence before lighting it on fire. He continued to shoot at people while moving towards [[Santa Monica College]], then attempted to carjack a passing vehicle. After firing rounds at a passing bus, he ran into the college library and continued shooting. He killed five people and injured five others before being killed by police.{{Cite news|url=http://usnews.nbcnews.com/_news/2013/06/07/18831196-five-dead-including-gunman-in-shooting-rampage-near-los-angeles?lite|title=Five dead, including gunman, in shooting rampage near Los Angeles|last1=Esposito|first1=Richard|date=June 7, 2013|work=NBC News|access-date=November 6, 2018|last2=Johnson|first2=M. Alex|language=en|last3=McCall-Mazza|first3=Niven}} +|- +|{{dts|February 3, 2013|format=md}}–12, 2013 +|[[Orange County, California|Orange]][[Los Angeles County, California|, Los Angeles]] and [[Riverside County, California|Riverside counties]], [[California]] +|5 +|7 +|'''12''' +|[[Christopher Dorner shootings and manhunt]]: A man travelled across three counties during nine days, killing four people and injuring others. Four more people were injured by police. The man then died during a standoff with officers.{{Cite news|url=https://nypost.com/2013/02/07/lapd-shoot-several-innocent-people-during-massive-manhunt-for-former-officer-accused-of-firing-on-four-officers-and-killing-a-couple/|title=LAPD shoot several innocent people during massive manhunt for former officer accused of firing on four officers and killing a couple|date=February 7, 2013 |work=New York Post|access-date=November 19, 2018 |language=en-US}} +|- +|{{dts|January 19, 2013}} +|[[South Valley, New Mexico]] +|5 +|0 +|'''5''' +|[[2013 South Valley homicides]]: A fifteen-year-old murdered his parents and three siblings in their home. He was arrested by police.{{Cite news|url=http://www.nydailynews.com/news/crime/teen-guns-5-people-n-m-home-police-article-1.1243564|title=Teen accused of gunning down 5 people, including 3 children, inside New Mexico home: police|last1=Ortiz|first1=Erik|date=January 21, 2013|work=New York Daily News|access-date=November 6, 2018|last2=Dixon|first2=Shane|language=en-US}} +|} + +=== Early 2010s === +{| class="wikitable sortable" +! scope="col" style="width: 56px;" |Date +! scope="col" style="width: 84px;" |Location +! data-sort-type=number | Dead +! data-sort-type=number | Injured +! data-sort-type=number | Total +! class=unsortable | Description +|- +|December 24, 2012 +|[[Webster, New York]] +|4 +|3 +|'''7''' +|[[2012 Webster shooting]]: A man set fire to his home and the family car before opening fire on responding firefighters, two were killed and three wounded before he committed suicide, a fourth body was found in the house.{{Cite web|url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/ny-firefighter-shooting-update-gunman-idd-as-william-spengler-62-convicted-felon/|title=N.Y. Firefighter Shooting Update: Gunman ID'd as William Spengler, 62, convicted felon|last=Dahl|first=Julia|date=December 24, 2012|website=www.cbsnews.com|language=en-US|access-date=July 9, 2019}} +|- +|December 14, 2012 +|[[Newtown, Connecticut]] +|28 +|2 +|'''30''' +|[[Sandy Hook Elementary School shooting|Sandy Hook Elementary School (2012)]]: A 20-year old killed his mother before shooting and killing twenty children and six adults at [[Newtown Public Schools|Sandy Hook Elementary School]] in [[Newtown, Connecticut]]. He then committed suicide. +|- +|December 11, 2012 +|[[Clackamas, Oregon]] +|3 +|1 +|'''4''' +|[[Clackamas Town Center shooting]]: A 22-year-old opened fire at the town center wearing a hockey mask, and killed two people and injured a third before fumbling with his weapon and being unable to reload. He committed suicide in a stairwell of the location.{{Cite web|url=https://www.oregonlive.com/clackamascounty/2012/12/clackamas_town_center_shooting_61.html|title=Clackamas Town Center shooting: 22 minutes of chaos and terror as a gunman meanders through the mall|last=Griffin|first=Anna|date=December 15, 2012 |website=oregonlive.com|language=en-US|access-date=June 20, 2019}} +|- +|October 21, 2012 +|[[Brookfield, Wisconsin]] +|4 +|4 +|'''8''' +|[[2012 Azana Spa shootings]]: The perpetrator drove to his ex-wife's work place and waited until she was there to confront her and shot and killed her and two other women, and injured four others before committing suicide.{{Cite web|url=http://www.jsonline.com/news/waukesha/full-report-released-on-azana-spa-shootings-qh8vvgq-194289151.html|title=Azana spa shooter told neighbor he planned to kill|last=Barton|first=Gina|date=March 1, 2013|website=www.jsonline.com|language=en|access-date=June 20, 2019}} +|- +|September 27, 2012 +|[[Minneapolis|Minneapolis, Minnesota]] +|7 +|2 +|'''9''' +|[[Minneapolis firm shooting|Accent Signage Systems shooting]]: A former employee entered a local sign-making business, and killed five and wounded four; two of the four later died of their wounds, the perpetrator committed suicide.{{Cite web|url=https://www.foxnews.com/us/gunman-at-minneapolis-sign-company-said-oh-really-then-started-shooting|title=Gunman at Minneapolis sign company said 'oh really,' then started shooting|last=Associated|first=Press|date=March 26, 2015 |website=Fox News|language=en-US|access-date=July 9, 2019}} +|- +|August 24, 2012 +|[[New York City|New York City, New York]] +|2 +|9 +|'''11''' +|[[2012 Empire State Building shooting|Empire State Building shooting]]: A man shot and killed a former co-worker before engaging in a shoot-out with the [[New York City Police Department|New York police]] in which nine bystanders were wounded and the perpetrator was killed.{{Cite web|url=https://www.cnn.com/2012/08/24/justice/new-york-empire-state/|title=2 dead, 9 wounded in Empire State Building shootings, police say|last=Ariosto|first=David|date=August 25, 2012|website=CNN|access-date=December 7, 2018}} +|- +|August 13, 2012 +|[[College Station, Texas]] +|3 +|4 +|'''7''' +|[[2012 College Station shooting]]: The perpetrator fatally shot an officer attempting to serve him a notice to appear in court, he then injured a neighbor and engaged in a shootout with responding officers until he was killed by the officers.{{Cite web|url=https://www.cnn.com/2012/08/13/justice/texas-am-shooting/index.html|title=3 killed in shootings near Texas A&M University|last=Staff|first=By the CNN Wire|website=CNN|access-date=June 20, 2019}} +|- +|August 5, 2012 +|[[Oak Creek, Wisconsin]] +|7 +|4 +|'''11''' +|[[Wisconsin Sikh temple shooting]]: The perpetrator, a member of the [[Hammerskins]] and various white power and neo-Nazi bands, fatally shot six people at a [[Sikh]] temple before being killed by responding police officers. +|- +|July 20, 2012 +|[[Aurora, Colorado]] +|12 +|70 +|'''82''' +|[[2012 Aurora, Colorado shooting|Aurora, Colorado, movie theater shooting]]: [[James Holmes (mass murderer)|James Eagan Holmes]], stormed a late-night premiere of ''[[The Dark Knight Rises]]'' and shot and killed twelve people and wounded seventy others. He was sentenced to life in prison. +|- +|May 30, 2012 +|[[Seattle|Seattle, Washington]] +|6 +|1 +|'''7''' +|[[2012 Seattle cafe shooting spree|Seattle cafe shooting spree]]: A patron who had been previously thrown out of the cafe, entered and killed four people and wounded one, shortly after he killed a woman during a carjacking and then committed suicide.{{Cite web|url=https://abcnews.go.com/US/ian-stawicki-seattle-cafe-racer-shooter-kills-shoots-citywide/story?id=16463885|title=Seattle Cafe Shooter Kills 5, Self|last1=Vojtech|first1=Jim|last2=Newcomb|first2=Alyssa|date=May 31, 2012|website=ABC News|language=en|access-date=July 9, 2019 |last3=James|first3=Michael S.}} +|- +|April 2, 2012 +|[[Oakland, California]] +|7 +|3 +|'''10''' +|[[Oikos University shooting]]: A former student opened fire in a classroom and fatally shot seven people, leaving three wounded. +|- +|February 27, 2012 +|[[Chardon, Ohio]] +|3 +|3 +|'''6''' +|[[Chardon High School shooting]]: A seventeen-year-old entered [[Chardon High School]] and fired at students sitting in the cafeteria killing three and wounded three others before being arrested. +|- +|December 16, 2011 +|[[Irwindale, California]] +|3 +|2 +|'''5''' +|[[Southern California Edison shooting]]: An employee opened fire during the workday, and killed two and wounded two others before committing suicide.{{Cite web|url=https://latimesblogs.latimes.com/lanow/2011/12/gunman-in-edison-shooting-had-been-reprimanded-by-boss.html|title=Gunman in Edison shooting had been reprimanded by boss, source says|date=December 19, 2011 |website=LA Times Blogs - L.A. NOW|language=en-US|access-date=July 9, 2019}} +|- +|October 12, 2011 +|[[Seal Beach, California]] +|8 +|1 +|'''9''' +|[[2011 Seal Beach shooting|Seal Beach shooting]]: A man entered his ex-wife's workplace and shot and killed eight people and injured one. He then fled the scene and was later arrested. +|- +|September 6, 2011 +|[[Carson City, Nevada]] +|5 +|7 +|'''12''' +|[[2011 IHOP shooting|Carson City IHOP shooting]]: A man opened fire inside and outside an [[IHOP]], and then targeted nearby local businesses. He killed four people and injured seven before committing suicide. +|- +|August 7, 2011 +|[[Copley Township, Summit County, Ohio|Copley Township, Ohio]] +|8 +|1 +|'''9''' +|[[2011 Copley Township shooting]]: A man killed seven people; including a 16-year-old and an 11-year-old, and injured one between three homes before being killed by responding police.{{Cite web|url=https://www.foxnews.com/us/police-work-to-determine-motive-in-deadly-ohio-shooting-rampage|title=Police Work to Determine Motive in Deadly Ohio Shooting Rampage|last=News|first=Fox|date=March 26, 2015 |website=Fox News|language=en-US|access-date=July 9, 2019}} +|- +|July 7, 2011 +|[[Grand Rapids, Michigan]] +|8 +|2 +|'''10''' +|[[2011 Grand Rapids mass murder|Grand Rapids mass murder]]: A man killed seven people and wounded two in a spree shooting in two homes, then took hostages in a third before committing suicide. +|- +|January 8, 2011 +|[[Tucson, Arizona]] +|6 +|15 +|'''21''' +|[[2011 Tucson shooting|Safeway Shooting in Casas Adobes, Arizona (2011)]]: A man killed six people and injured fifteen during an assassination attempt of U.S. Representative [[Gabrielle Giffords]] before he was tackled and arrested. Giffords was wounded in the attack but survived. +|- +|August 3, 2010 +|[[Manchester, Connecticut]] +|9 +|2 +|'''11''' +|[[Hartford Distributors shooting|Hartford Beer Distributors shooting]]: An employee of Hartford Distributors, a beer distribution company, was fired. In retaliation he shot and killed eight coworkers and injured two others before committing suicide. +|- +|April 14, 2010 +|[[Las Cruces, New Mexico]] +|3 +|0 +|'''3''' +|[[Delisle triple murder]]: A building contractor shoots three business associates that he had a legal dispute with. +|- +|February 12, 2010 +|[[Huntsville, Alabama]] +|3 +|3 +|'''6''' +|[[University of Alabama in Huntsville shooting]]: A biology professor opened fire on other faculty members, killing three and injuring three others, before she was arrested. +|- +|January 19–20, 2010 +|[[Appomattox, Virginia]] +|8 +|0 +|'''8''' +|[[2010 Appomattox shootings|Appomattox shootings]]: A man shot and killed four family members and four other individuals before being apprehended by police.{{Cite news|url=http://www.cnn.com/2010/CRIME/01/20/virginia.shootings/index.html?hpt=T2|title=3 teens, 4-year-old among victims in Virginia shootings - CNN.com|access-date=November 25, 2018 |language=en}} +|- +|January 7, 2010 +|[[St. Louis|St. Louis, Missouri]] +|4 +|5 +|'''9''' +|[[ABB plant shooting]]: An employee opened fire in the parking lot of an [[ABB Group]] power plant before entering the factory. He killed three people and injured five before committing suicide.{{Cite web|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/americas/8446728.stm|title=St. Louis Factory Gunman who Killed Three is "Dead"|date=January 7, 2010|website=BBC News|access-date=December 7, 2018}} +|} + +=== 2000s === +{{Main|List of mass shootings in the United States (2000–2009) }} +{| class="wikitable sortable" +! scope="col" style="width: 56px;" |Date +! scope="col" style="width: 84px;" |Location +! data-sort-type=number | Dead +! data-sort-type=number | Injured +! data-sort-type=number | Total +! class=unsortable | Description +|- +|November 20, 2009 +|[[Saipan|Saipan, Northern Mariana Islands]] +|5 +|9 +|'''14''' +|[[2009 Saipan shooting]]: A gunman shot at people throughout Saipan, before committing suicide at the edge of a cliff.{{Cite web|url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/police-identify-gunman-in-saipan-rampage/|title=Police Identify Gunman in Saipan Rampage +|date=November 22, 2009|access-date=November 16, 2020}} +|- +|November 5, 2009 +|[[Fort Hood|Fort Hood, Texas]] +|14 +|33 +|'''47''' +|[[2009 Fort Hood shooting|Fort Hood Military Base shooting]]: A U.S. army psychiatrist opened fire and killed thirteen individuals and injured 33 others. +|- +|August 4, 2009 +|[[Collier Township, Allegheny County, Pennsylvania|Collier Township, Pennsylvania]] +|4 +|9 +|'''13''' +|[[2009 Collier Township shooting|Collier Township shooting]]: A man entered a woman's aerobics class and opened fire, killing three people and injuring nine before committing suicide.{{Cite web|url=http://www.pittsburghlive.com/x/pittsburghtrib/news/multimedia/s_636758.html|title=Gunman kills 3, wounds 9 before killing himself at Collier fitness center - Pittsburgh Tribune-Review|last=Hasch|first=Michael|date=August 8, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090808064502/http://www.pittsburghlive.com/x/pittsburghtrib/news/multimedia/s_636758.html|archive-date=August 8, 2009 |url-status=dead|access-date=December 7, 2018}} +|- +|April 4, 2009 +|[[Pittsburgh|Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania]] +|3 +|3 +|'''6''' +|[[2009 shooting of Pittsburgh police officers|2009 Shooting of Pittsburgh Police Officers]]: A man opened fire on police officers responding to a domestic violence 9-1-1 call, killing three and injuring two before he was arrested.{{Cite web|url=http://www.lasvegassun.com/news/2009/apr/04/3-officers-killed-in-pittsburgh-shooting/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090410144456/http://www.lasvegassun.com/news/2009/apr/04/3-officers-killed-in-pittsburgh-shooting/|url-status=dead|archive-date=April 10, 2009 |title=3 officers killed in Pittsburgh shooting - Las Vegas Sun|date=April 10, 2009 |access-date=December 7, 2018}} +|- +|April 3, 2009 +|[[Binghamton, New York]] +|14 +|4 +|'''18''' +|[[Binghamton shootings|New York immigration center shooting]]: A man shot and killed thirteen people at a civic center in [[Binghamton, New York]] before committing suicide. +|- +|March 29, 2009 +|[[Carthage, North Carolina]] +|8 +|3 +|'''11''' +|[[Carthage nursing home shooting]]: A man attacked the workplace of his estranged wife, killing eight people and wounding two others before being arrested. +|- +|March 10, 2009 +|[[Geneva, Alabama|Geneva]], and [[Samson, Alabama]] +|11 +|6 +|'''17''' +|[[Geneva County massacre]]: A man killed ten people and wounded six others in a shooting spree before committing suicide.{{Cite web|url=https://abcnews.go.com/US/story?id=7052272&page=1|title=At Least 11 Killed in Alabama Shooting Spree|last=McFadden|first=Cynthia|date=March 11, 2009 |website=ABC News|language=en|access-date=November 25, 2018}} +|- +|December 24, 2008 +|[[Covina, California]] +|10 +|3 +|'''13''' +|[[Covina massacre]]: A man entered his former in-laws' home armed with four handguns and a homemade flamethrower. He killed nine people and injured three before committing suicide.{{Cite web|url=http://www.cnn.com/2008/CRIME/12/25/santa.shooting/index.html?iref=mpstoryview|title=Child greeting 'Santa' was first victim, police say - CNN.com|last=News|first=ABC|date=December 26, 2008|website=www.cnn.com|language=en|access-date=November 26, 2018}} +|- +|September 2, 2008 +|[[Skagit County, Washington]] +|6 +|2 +|'''8''' +|[[2008 Skagit County shooting spree|Skagit County Shooting Spree (2008)]]: A man killed six people and wounded two others in several locations before being arrested by police. +|- +|February 14, 2008 +|[[DeKalb, Illinois]] +|6 +|21 +|'''27''' +|[[Northern Illinois University shooting]]: A former graduate student entered a lecture hall and opened fire, killing five people and wounding twenty-one before committing suicide. +|- +|February 8, 2008 +|[[Baton Rouge, Louisiana]] +|3 +| +|'''3''' +|[[Louisiana Technical College| Louisiana Technical College shooting]]: At around 8:30 a.m. 23-year-old Latina Williams entered her nursing class on the second-floor of a building on the campus of Louisiana Technical College, in Baton Rouge. She opened fire after entering, shooting six rounds, then reloading and committing suicide by shooting herself in the head. Two students were killed in the shooting. The shooting was random and not targeted. Police investigation found evidence she was exhibiting signs of paranoia and losing touch with reality. In the time before the shooting, Williams had also been living out of her car, had given away or sold all of her possessions, and had called a suicide hotline earlier that morning and had said her intention of committing suicide.{{Cite web|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/wonk/wp/2015/12/03/the-motives-behind-the-women-who-became-mass-shooters/|title=Tashfeen Malik and the American women who became mass shooters|first=Danielle|last=Paquette|via=www.washingtonpost.com}}{{Cite web|url=https://www.lsureveille.com/baton-rouge-college-shooter-showed-signs-of-paranoia/article_fdef5f47-1055-5062-8ed7-7e20af245a96.html|title=Baton Rouge college shooter showed signs of paranoia|first=Nicholas PersacNews|last=Editor|website=The Reveille}}{{Cite web|url=https://www.foxnews.com/story/woman-kills-2-students-in-louisiana-college-classroom-takes-own-life|title=Woman Kills 2 Students in Louisiana College Classroom, Takes Own Life|date=March 25, 2015|website=Associated Press}} +|- +|February 7, 2008 +|[[Kirkwood, Missouri]] +|7 +|1 +|'''8''' +|[[Kirkwood City Council shooting]]: A man opened fire during a public city council meeting, killing six people and injuring one other before being shot and killed by police.{{Cite web|url=http://www.upi.com/NewsTrack/Top_News/2008/02/07/man_opens_fire_at_mo_council_meeting/9960/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080212035252/http://www.upi.com/NewsTrack/Top_News/2008/02/07/man_opens_fire_at_mo_council_meeting/9960/|url-status=dead|archive-date=February 12, 2008 |title=Man opens fire at Mo. council meeting - UPI.com|date=February 12, 2008 |access-date=December 7, 2018}} +|- +|February 2, 2008 +|[[Tinley Park, Illinois]] +|5 +|1 +|'''6''' +|[[Lane Bryant shooting]]: Four customers and the clothing store manager were killed and a part-time employee was injured in a robbery gone awry.{{Cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-shooting-store-idUSN0244670020080203|title=Five women killed in Chicago-area store shooting|last=Gress|first=John|date=2008-02-03|work=Reuters|access-date=2019-09-14|language=en}} +|- +|December 9, 2007 +|[[Arvada, Colorado|Arvada]], and [[Colorado Springs, Colorado]] +|5 +|5 +|'''10''' +|[[2007 Colorado YWAM and New Life shootings|Youth with a Mission and New Life Church shooting]]: A man stormed a dormitory at the [[Youth With A Mission]] organization in [[Arvada, Colorado]] before driving to [[Colorado Springs, Colorado|Colorado Springs]] and attacking the [[New Life Church (Colorado Springs, Colorado)|New Life Church]]. He killed four people and wounded five others before committing suicide. +|- +|December 5, 2007 +|[[Omaha, Nebraska]] +|9 +|6 +|'''15''' +|[[Westroads Mall shooting|Westroads Mall shooting (2007)]]: A 19-year old killed eight people and wounded four in a [[Von Maur]] department store at the [[Westroads Mall]] before committing suicide. +|- +|October 7, 2007 +|[[Crandon, Wisconsin]] +|7 +|1 +|'''8''' +|[[Crandon shooting|Crandon, Wisconsin, duplex shooting (2007)]]: An off-duty sheriff's deputy entered a homecoming party at a duplex with a semiautomatic rifle and killed six people and wounded one. He killed himself later that day. +|- +|April 16, 2007 +|[[Blacksburg, Virginia]] +|33 +|17 +|'''50''' +|[[Virginia Tech shooting]]: A 23-year-old student killed thirty-three students and teachers, and wounded seventeen others. Other people were injured attempting to escape. When police stormed the building he was in, the shooter killed himself. +|- +|February 12, 2007 +|[[Salt Lake City|Salt Lake City, Utah]] +|6 +|4 +|'''10''' +|[[Trolley Square shooting]]: A man opened fire in a parking garage and shopping mall and killed five people and injured four others before being killed by police. +|- +|October 2, 2006 +|[[Bart Township, Lancaster County, Pennsylvania|Bart Township]], [[Lancaster County, Pennsylvania]] +|6 +|5 +|'''11''' +|[[West Nickel Mines School shooting]]: A man took hostages in an [[Amish]] schoolhouse, and killed five schoolgirls and injured five others before committing suicide. +|- +|July 28, 2006 +|[[Seattle|Seattle, Washington]] +|1 +|6Five by gunfire +|'''7''' +|[[2006 Seattle Jewish Federation shooting|Seattle Jewish Federation shooting]]: The perpetrator forced his way into the building, repeatedly shouting that he was angry at Israel and wanted to make a statement, he killed one and injured six.{{Cite web|url=http://seattletimes.nwsource.com/html/localnews/2003160576_shootingweb29.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071231131112/http://seattletimes.nwsource.com/html/localnews/2003160576_shootingweb29.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=December 31, 2007|title=The Seattle Times: Local News: "Once inside he immediately started firing"|date=December 31, 2007 |access-date=July 12, 2019}} +|- +|March 25, 2006 +|[[Seattle|Seattle, Washington]] +|7 +|2 +|'''9''' +|[[Capitol Hill massacre]]: A guest returned to a house party armed with a shotgun and a semiautomatic handgun. He shot indiscriminately, killing six people and injuring two, before committing suicide. +|- +|January 30, 2006 +|[[Goleta, California]] +|8 +|0 +|'''8''' +|[[Goleta postal facility shootings]]: A woman killed her neighbor before driving to the mail processing plant, where she shot and killed six people before committing suicide. +|- +|November 20, 2005 +|[[Tacoma, Washington]] +|0 +|6 +|'''6''' +|[[Tacoma Mall shooting]]: A man attempted [[suicide by cop]] by opening fire in a shopping mall with an illegal MAK 90 semi-automatic rifle and a pistol. He injured six people and took four hostages before surrendering to a SWAT team. +|- +|March 21, 2005 +|[[Red Lake, Minnesota]] +|10 +|5 +|'''15''' +|[[Red Lake shootings|Red Lake Indian Reservation shooting]]: A 16-year-old student killed nine people and wounded five others before committing suicide. +|- +|March 12, 2005 +|[[Brookfield, Wisconsin]] +|8 +|4 +|'''12''' +|[[Terry Ratzmann|Living Church of God shooting]]: A man shot and killed seven members of his church and wounded four others, before committing suicide in a [[Sheraton Hotels and Resorts|Sheraton hotel]].{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2005/03/18/us/rampage-puts-spotlight-on-a-church-community.html|title=Rampage Puts Spotlight on a Church Community|last=Banerjee|first=Neela|date=March 18, 2005 |work=The New York Times|access-date=July 12, 2019 |language=en-US|issn=0362-4331}} +|- +|December 8, 2004 +|[[Columbus, Ohio]] +|5 +|3 +|'''8''' +|[[Columbus nightclub shooting]]: A deranged fan killed four, including musician [[Dimebag Darrell]], and wounded three others before being killed by police. +|- +|- +|November 21, 2004 +|[[Meteor, Wisconsin]] +|6 +|2 +|'''8''' +|[[Chai Vang|Hunting Trip (2004)]]: A man shot eight people while on a hunting trip in northern Wisconsin; six were killed and two were wounded. +|- +|March 12, 2004 +|[[Fresno, California]] +|9 +|0 +|'''9''' +|[[Marcus Wesson|Wesson family murders]]: A man convicted of the molestation and murders of his children and nieces shot and killed nine members of his family during a standoff over a [[child custody]] dispute.{{Cite news|url=https://www.daily-journal.com/life/wesson-massacre-largely-forgotten/article_389f9b7f-4237-511d-a6b7-b003bddc088a.html|title=Wesson massacre largely forgotten|last=Francis|first=Monte|date=November 3, 2007|work=The Daily Journal|access-date=November 26, 2018 |language=en}} +|- +|July 8, 2003 +|[[Meridian, Mississippi]] +|7 +|8 +|'''15''' +|[[Lockheed Martin shooting]]: A man opened fire at his workplace, killing six and wounding eight before committing suicide.{{Cite news|url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/six-dead-in-mississippi-massacre/|title=Six Dead In Mississippi Massacre|last=Murphy|first=Jarrett|date=July 9, 2003|work=CBS News|access-date=November 25, 2018 |language=en}} +|- +|June 14, 2003 +|[[Madison County, Montana]] +|1 +|10 +|'''11''' +|[[2003 Ennis shooting|Ennis shooting]]: A man opened fire on a group of people outside of a bar, and then engaged in a high speed chase and shootout with law enforcement, he killed one and injured 10 including himself.{{Cite web|url=https://billingsgazette.com/news/state-and-regional/montana/ennis-killer-gets-life-term-without-chance-of-parole/article_543459ac-c124-5cd5-a471-dcb90f128bc2.html|title=Ennis killer gets life term without chance of parole|last=Standard|first=Perry Backus Montana|website=The Billings Gazette|language=en|access-date=July 12, 2019}} +|- +|April 14, 2003 +|[[New Orleans|New Orleans, Louisiana]] +|1 +|3 +|'''4''' +|[[John McDonogh High School shooting]]: Two perpetrators opened fire in the school gymnasium and killed one student and wounded three others.{{Cite web|url=http://www.louisianaweekly.com/weekly/news/articlegate.pl?20030428f|title=Madness and Mayhem|last=Lewis|first=Edmund W|date=May 6, 2006 |website=The Louisiana Weekly|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060506031834/http://www.louisianaweekly.com/weekly/news/articlegate.pl?20030428f |archive-date=May 6, 2006 |url-status=dead|access-date=November 27, 2018}} +|- +|February 16 - October 23, 2002 +|[[Maryland]], [[Virginia]], [[Washington, D.C.|Washington DC]], and [[Arizona]] +|17 +|10 +|'''27''' +|[[D.C. sniper attacks|DC Sniper Attacks]]: Over ten months the two perpetrators killed seventeen people and injured ten others in robberies and sniper attacks in the [[Baltimore–Washington metropolitan area|Baltimore-Washington Metropolitan area]] and along [[Interstate 95 in Virginia|Interstate I-95]]. +|- +|July 4, 2002 +|[[Los Angeles|Los Angeles, California]] +|3 +|5One injured by a knife +|'''8''' +|[[2002 Los Angeles International Airport shooting|Los Angeles International Airport shooting]]: The gunman opened fire at a line of passengers at a ticket counter, he killed two and injured five before being killed by a security officer.{{Cite web|url=http://archives.cnn.com/2002/US/07/04/la.airport.shooting/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20041204221915/http://archives.cnn.com/2002/US/07/04/la.airport.shooting/|url-status=dead|archive-date=December 4, 2004|title=CNN.com - Los Angeles airport shooting kills 3 - July 5, 2002|date=December 4, 2004 |access-date=July 12, 2019}} +|- +|January 16, 2002 +|[[Grundy, Virginia]] +|3 +|3 +|'''6''' +|[[Appalachian School of Law shooting]]: A former student opened fire after a meeting with a professor in the offices of the [[Dean (education)|dean of students]] and a professor, killing them and a student and injured three other students before he was subdued by a [[United States Marine Corps|Marine]] veteran.{{Cite web|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/articles/A13504-2004Feb27.html?noredirect=on|title=Ex-Law Student Pleads Guilty to Slayings (washingtonpost.com)|last=Kahn|first=Chris|date=February 27, 2004|website=www.washingtonpost.com|access-date=December 16, 2018}} +|- +|March 5, 2001 +|[[Santee, California]] +|2 +|13 +|'''15''' +|[[Charles Andrew Williams|Santana High School shooting]]: A 15-year-old student entered a boys bathroom and shot another student then left and began to fire widely, another student was killed and thirteen were injured.{{Cite web|url=https://www.pbs.org/newshour/science/science-jan-june13-andywilliams_02-18|title=School Shooter: 'My Grand Plan Was Suicide by Cop'|last=Marder|first=Jenny|date=February 18, 2013|website=PBS NewsHour|language=en-US|access-date=November 27, 2018}} +|- +|January 10, 2001 +|[[Nevada County, California]] +|3 +|2 +|'''5''' +|[[2001 Nevada County shootings|Nevada County shooting]]: The perpetrator opened fire with a [[semi-automatic pistol]] in two separate areas and killed three people and injured two others, before he returned home and confessed to the incidents via telephone to his brother, a [[Sacramento County Sheriff's Department|Sacramento County Sheriff's Deputy]].{{Cite news|url=https://www.theunion.com/news/local-news/15-years-ago-three-slain-by-gunman-in-nevada-county/|title=15 YEARS AGO: Three slain by gunman in Nevada County|last=Mattson|first=Doug|date=January 8, 2016|access-date=November 23, 2018 |language=en}} +|- +||December 26, 2000 +|[[Wakefield, Massachusetts]] +|7 +|0 +|'''7''' +|[[Wakefield massacre]]: Michael McDermott, an application support employee, shot and killed seven co-workers. +|- +|May 24, 2000 +|[[New York City|New York City, New York]] +|5 +|2 +|'''7''' +|[[Wendy's massacre|Wendy's Massacre]]: Two robbers locked seven employees in the restaurant freezer and shot and killed five and wounded two during a robbery.{{Cite web|url=http://archives.cnn.com/2000/US/05/26/wendys.shooting.03/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071015101958/http://archives.cnn.com/2000/US/05/26/wendys.shooting.03/|url-status=dead|archive-date=October 15, 2007|title=CNN.com - Two suspects in Wendy's shootings arrested - May 26, 2000|date=October 15, 2007 |access-date=July 12, 2019}} +|- +||April 28, 2000 +|[[Scott Township, Allegheny County, Pennsylvania|Scott Township]], [[Robinson Township, Allegheny County, Pennsylvania|Robinson Township]], [[Center Township, Beaver County, Pennsylvania|Center Township]] and [[Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania|Pittsburgh]], [[Pennsylvania]] +|5 +|1 +|'''6''' +|[[Richard Baumhammers|Richard Baumhammers killing spree]]: A man went on a killing spree and murdered a Jewish woman before setting her house on fire and firing upon a synagogue vandalizing it with [[swastikas]], killed an Indian man and injured a manager at a grocery store, shot up another synagogue, killed two at a Chinese restaurant, and an African-American exercising with his White American friend.{{cite news|url=http://the-duke.duq-duke.duq.edu/justice/Taylor/Bauhamm.htm|title=Who is Richard Bauhammers|first1=Cheryl|last1=Soltis|first2=Judi|last2=Coyne|date=August 31, 2007|access-date=January 3, 2019 |language=en}}{{dead link|date=July 2020|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}} +|} + +=== Summary === +Summary list of mass shootings in the United States 2000-2020 +{| class="wikitable sortable" +!Year +!Events +!Dead +|- +|2020 +|6 +|16 +|- +|2019 +|17 +|104 +|- +|2018 +|19 +|101 +|- +|2017 +|22 +|162 +|- +|2016 +|14 +|111 +|- +|2015 +|11 +|85 +|- +|2014 +|6 +|28 +|- +|2013 +|7 +|40 +|- +|2012 +|12 +|86 +|- +|2011 +|6 +|38 +|- +|2010 +|5 +|27 +|- +|2009 +|7 +|59 +|- +|2008 +|6 +|47 +|- +|2007 +|5 +|60 +|- +|2006 +|4 +|25 +|- +|2005 +|3 +|18 +|- +|2004 +|3 +|20 +|- +|2003 +|3 +|9 +|- +|2002 +|3 +|23 +|- +|2001 +|2 +|5 +|- +|2000 +|3 +|17 +|- +|} + +== List of mass shootings (20th century) == +{{Main|List of mass shootings in the United States (1900–1999) }} + +=== 1990s === +{| class="wikitable sortable" +! scope="col" style="width: 56px;" |Date +! scope="col" style="width: 84px;" |Location +! data-sort-type=number | Dead +! data-sort-type=number | Injured +! data-sort-type=number | Total +! class=unsortable | Description +|- +|November 2, 1999 +|[[Honolulu|Honolulu, Hawaii]] +|7 +|0 +|'''7''' +|[[Xerox murders|Xerox Murders (1999)]]: A service technician opened fire inside a [[Xerox]] building and killed seven people while an eighth escaped, he then held thirty-five school children inside the Hawaii Nature Center before surrendering to police. +|- +|September 15, 1999 +|[[Fort Worth, Texas]] +|8 +|7 +|'''15''' +|[[Larry Gene Ashbrook|Wedgwood Baptist Church shooting]]: During a concert in the church for teenagers, the perpetrator entered and shot and killed seven attendees and wounded seven others before committing suicide. +|- +|August 10, 1999 +|[[Los Angeles, California]] +|1 +|5 +|'''6''' +|[[Los Angeles Jewish Community Center shooting]]: Affiliated with the [[Aryan Nations]], the perpetrator killed one and wounded five when entering a Jewish community center. +|- +|July 27–29, 1999 +|[[Stockbridge, Georgia|Stockbridge]] and [[Atlanta|Atlanta, Georgia]] +|13 +|13 +|'''26''' +|[[Mark O. Barton|Day-trading firms shooting]]: The perpetrator shot and killed his wife and two children, two days before entering two separate Buckhead firms in which he shot fellow traders, killing twelve and wounding thirteen before committing suicide. +|- +|July 2–4, 1999 +|[[Chicago, Illinois|Chicago]], [[Urbana, Illinois|Urbana]], [[Springfield, Illinois|Springfield]], and [[Decatur, Illinois]][[Bloomington, Indiana]] +|3 +|10 +|'''13''' +|[[Benjamin Nathaniel Smith|Benjamin Nathaniel Smith shooting spree]]: Part of the [[Creativity (religion)|Creativity Movement]], the perpetrator killed former [[Northwestern University]] basketball coach [[Ricky Byrdsong]] and a [[Korean American]] [[Indiana University Bloomington|Indiana University]] graduate student Won-Joon Yoon as well as wounding a black minister and nine [[Orthodox Jews]] before killing himself. +|- +|May 20, 1999 +|[[Conyers, Georgia]] +|0 +|6 +|'''6''' +|[[Heritage High School shooting]]: A 15-year-old student opened fire and wounded six students before attempting suicide, he was stopped by an assistant principal. +|- +|April 20, 1999 +|[[Columbine, Colorado]] +|15 +|24 +|'''39''' +|[[Columbine High School massacre]]: [[Eric Harris and Dylan Klebold|Two students]] from the school shot and killed twelve classmates and a teacher before committing suicide. +|- +|July 5, 1998 +|[[Tacoma, Washington]] +|5 +|5 +|'''10''' +|[[Trang Dai massacre]]: Four gunmen entered the Trang Dai Cafe and opened fire, killing five diners and wounding five others. +|- +|May 21, 1998 +|[[Springfield, Oregon]] +|4 +|25 +|'''29''' +|[[Thurston High School shooting]]: An expelled student targeted his parents and the school and killed four people and injured twenty-five others before being arrested. +|- +|April 24, 1998 +|[[Edinboro, Pennsylvania]] +|1 +|4 +|'''5''' +|[[Parker Middle School dance shooting]]: A 14-year-old student opened fire and fatally shot a teacher and injured another and two students during an 8th grade dance, before being arrested.{{Cite web|url=http://old.post-gazette.com/regionstate/19990910teacher1.asp|title=Edinboro teen killer sentenced|last=Hays|first=Kristen|date=September 10, 1999|website=old.post-gazette.com|access-date=January 1, 2019}} +|- +|March 24, 1998 +|[[Craighead County, Arkansas]] +|5 +|10 +|'''15''' +|[[Mitchell Johnson and Andrew Golden|Westside Middle School shooting]]: Two students aged 11 and 13, shot and killed four students and a teacher and injured ten others before being arrested. +|- +|March 6, 1998 +|Newington, Connecticut +|5 +|0 +|5 +|Connecticut Lottery Headquarters shooting: A disgruntled accountant employed by Connecticut’s lottery headquarters shot and stabbed four of his supervisors before taking his own life by gunshot.{{Cite web|last=SPRINGER|first=By JOHN|title=March 7, 1998: Worker Kills 4 Bosses, Self At Lottery Site|url=https://www.courant.com/breaking-news/hc-lottery-shooting-newington-1998-story.html|access-date=2020-12-13|website=courant.com}} +|- +|December 1, 1997 +|[[West Paducah, Kentucky]] +|3 +|5 +|'''8''' +|[[Heath High School shooting]]: A 14-year-old student opened fire on a group of students praying before the school opened, killing three and injuring five before surrendering.{{Cite web|url=https://www.wkyt.com/content/news/Remembering-a-deadly-Kentucky-high-school-shooting-20-years-later-461092173.html|title=Remembering a deadly Kentucky high school shooting 20 years later|last=Philpott|first=Amber|website=www.wkyt.com|language=en|access-date=January 1, 2019}} +|- +|October 1, 1997 +|[[Pearl, Mississippi]] +|3 +|7 +|'''10''' +|[[Pearl High School shooting]]: The perpetrator shot and killed his mother, then drove to the high school and shot and killed two students and injured seven before being arrested. +|- +|February 19, 1997 +|[[Bethel, Alaska]] +|2 +|2 +|'''4''' +|[[Bethel Regional High School shooting]]: A student shot and killed two people and wounded two others before surrendering to police. He was reportedly assisted by several students in learning how to shoot, and many knew about the shooting plans in advance. +|- +|February 2, 1996 +|[[Moses Lake, Washington]] +|3 +|1 +|'''4''' +|[[Frontier Middle School shooting]]: A student shot and killed a teacher and two students and wounded another before being arrested.{{Cite web|url=http://community.seattletimes.nwsource.com/archive/?date=19960827&slug=2346162|title=Local News {{!}} Hearing Delayed For Suspect In Moses Lake Shooting Deaths {{!}} Seattle Times Newspaper|date=August 27, 1996|website=The Seattle Times|access-date=November 27, 2018}} +|- +|November 7, 1994 +|[[Wickliffe, Ohio]] +|1 +|3 +|'''4''' +|[[Wickliffe Middle School shooting]]: A 37-year-old former student entered the building and shot and killed the custodian and wounded three other adults before he was arrested.{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1994/11/08/us/man-fires-shotgun-in-school-killing-one-and-injuring-3.html|title=Man Fires Shotgun In School, Killing One and Injuring 3|agency=Associated Press|date=November 8, 1994 |work=The New York Times|access-date=December 16, 2018 |language=en-US|issn=0362-4331}} +|- +|June 20, 1994 +|[[Fairchild Air Force Base|Fairchild Air Force Base, Washington]] +|5 +|22 +|'''27''' +|[[Fairchild Air Force Base|Fairchild Air Force Base shooting]]: A former airman who had been discharged returned to the base hospital and killed four people and injured twenty-two people before being shot and killed by responding police. +|- +|December 14, 1993 +|[[Aurora, Colorado]] +|4 +|1 +|'''5''' +|[[1993 Aurora, Colorado shooting|Aurora, Colorado, Chuck E. Cheese shooting]]: The perpetrator shot and killed four employees and injured one in revenge for being fired from the restaurant. +|- +|December 7, 1993 +|[[Garden City, New York]] +|6 +|19 +|'''25''' +|[[1993 Long Island Rail Road shooting|Long Island Rail Road shooting]]: A passenger opened fire on other passengers and killed six and wounded nineteen before being subdued by three passengers and arrested. +|- +|July 1, 1993 +|[[San Francisco|San Francisco, California]] +|9 +|6 +|'''15''' +|[[101 California Street shooting]]: The perpetrator opened fire in an office building killed eight people and wounded six others before committing suicide. +|- +|January 25, 1993 +|[[Langley, Virginia]] +|2 +|3 +|'''5''' +|[[1993 shootings at CIA Headquarters|CIA Headquarters shooting]]: A [[Pakistanis|Pakistani]] national fired an [[AK-47]] style weapon at a line of cars waiting at red light to turn into the main entrance of the [[George Bush Center for Intelligence|CIA Headquarters]]. He was captured in 1997.{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1993/01/26/us/gunman-kills-2-near-cia-entrance.html|title=Gunman Kills 2 Near C.I.A. Entrance|last=Jr|first=B. Drummond Ayres|date=January 26, 1993 |work=The New York Times|access-date=July 5, 2019 |language=en-US|issn=0362-4331}} +|- +|January 8, 1993 +|[[Palatine, Illinois]] +|7 +|0 +|'''7''' +|[[Brown's Chicken massacre|Brown's Chicken Massacre]]: Two robbers entered a [[Brown's Chicken & Pasta|Brown's Chicken restaurant]] and murdered seven employees. The two were arrested and convicted in 2007 and 2009.{{Cite web|url=http://www.ipsn.org/bga1.htm|title=BGA Report on Brown's Chicken Massacre|website=www.ipsn.org|access-date=July 5, 2019}} +|- +|December 14, 1992 +|[[Great Barrington, Massachusetts]] +|2 +|4 +|'''6''' +|[[Wayne Lo|Bard College shooting]]: The perpetrator had been stockpiling ammunition and weapons in his dorm, and after several alarms had been raised by third parties, he opened fire and killed a professor and student and wounded four others.{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1992/12/28/us/questions-outweigh-answers-in-shooting-spree-at-college.html|title=Questions Outweigh Answers In Shooting Spree at College|last=Depalma|first=Anthony|date=December 28, 1992 |work=The New York Times|access-date=December 16, 2018 |language=en-US|issn=0362-4331}} +|- +|May 1, 1992 +|[[Olivehurst, California]] +|4 +|10 +|'''14''' +|[[Lindhurst High School shooting|Lindhurst High School Shooting and Hostage Situation (1992)]]: A 20-year old past student opened fire on a classroom and killed four people, wounded ten others, and held eighty people hostage during an eight-hour siege before he surrendered. +|- +|December 6, 1991 +|[[Austin, Texas]] +|4 +|0 +|'''4''' +|[[1991 Austin yogurt shop murders|1991 Austin Yogurt Shop murders]]: Four teenage girls aged; 13, 15, 17, and 17-years-old were shot and killed execution style after being stripped and bound with their own clothes, the store was also robbed and set on fire.{{Cite web|url=http://www.news8austin.com/content/special_coverage/yogurt_shop_murders/?ArID=25232|title=News 8 Austin {{!}} 24 Hour Local News {{!}} Yogurt Shop Murders|last=Gonzalez|first=Christian|date=2008-06-29|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080629150051/http://www.news8austin.com/content/special_coverage/yogurt_shop_murders/?ArID=25232|archive-date=2008-06-29|access-date=2019-09-14}} +|- +|November 1, 1991 +|[[Iowa City, Iowa]] +|6 +|1 +|'''7''' +|[[University of Iowa shooting]]: A former graduate student attended a meeting for a research group before opening fire and killied five individuals and injured one before committing suicide. +|- +|October 16, 1991 +|[[Killeen, Texas|Kileen, Texas]] +|24 +|27 +|'''51''' +|[[Luby's shooting|Killeen, Texas, Luby's Restaurant shooting]]: A former [[Merchant navy|Merchant Marine]] drove his vehicle through the front window of the restaurant before opening fire on a crowd of about eighty people, killing twenty-three and injuring twenty-seven before committing suicide. +|- +|April 4, 1991 +|[[Sacramento County, California]] +|6Including 3 perpetrators +|1411 by gunfire +|'''20''' +|[[1991 Sacramento hostage crisis|Sacramento Hostage Crisis]]: For eight hours forty-one people were held hostage inside an electronics store, by four [[Vietnamese people|Vietnamese]] refugees who killed three and injured 14. Three of the four perpetrators were shot and killed by responding police.{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1991/04/06/us/6-are-killed-as-8-hour-siege-by-gang-ends-in-california.html|title=6 Are Killed as 8-Hour Siege By Gang Ends in California|last1=Gross|first1=Jane|date=April 6, 1991 |work=The New York Times|access-date=July 5, 2019 |last2=Times|first2=Special to The New York|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331}} +|- +|August 9, 1990 +|[[Waddell, Arizona]] +|9 +|0 +|'''9''' +|[[Waddell Buddhist temple shooting|Arizona Buddhist Temple shooting]]: Nine men were robbed and killed in a Buddhist temple, with the perpetrator remaining un-convicted until 2014.{{Cite web|url=http://www.azcentral.com/community/surprise/articles/20130924judge-declares-mistrial-in-temple-killings-retrial-of-johnathan-doody-abrk.html|title=Judge declares mistrial in temple killings retrial of Johnathan Doody|last1=Merrill|first1=Laurie|last2=Otarola|first2=Miguel|website=azcentral.com|access-date=July 5, 2019}} +|- +|June 17–18, 1990 +|[[Jacksonville, Florida]] +|12 +|6 +|'''18''' +|[[James Edward Pough|GMAC Office shooting]]: A convicted [[Felony|felon]] returned to the loan office he had used to purchase a car and opened fire, killing eleven people and injuring six before committing suicide. +|- +|February 10, 1990 +|[[Las Cruces, New Mexico]] +|4 +|3 +|'''7''' +|[[Las Cruces bowling alley massacre]]: Two unknown perpetrators entered the bowling alley and killed four people and injured three before fleeing. The case is still unsolved. +|} + +=== 1980s === +{| class="wikitable sortable" +! scope="col" style="width: 56px;" |Date +! scope="col" style="width: 84px;" |Location +! data-sort-type=number | Dead +! data-sort-type=number | Injured +! data-sort-type=number | Total +! class=unsortable | Description +|- +|September 14, 1989 +|[[Louisville, Kentucky]] +|9 +|12 +|'''21''' +|[[Standard Gravure shooting|Standard Gravure shooting (1989)]]: A 47-year-old pressman killed eight people and injured twelve at his former workplace, Standard Gravure, before committing suicide +|- +|January 17, 1989 +|[[Stockton, California]] +|6 +|32 +|'''38''' +|[[Cleveland Elementary School shooting (Stockton)|Cleveland Elementary School shooting]]: A drifter used an semi-automatic rife to kill five children and wound thirty-two other students and teachers on the school playground before committing suicide. +|- +|September 26, 1988 +|[[Greenwood, South Carolina]] +|2 +|9 +|'''11''' +|[[Oakland Elementary School shooting]]: The perpetrator shot and killed two eight-year-old students and wounded nine others (seven students, a teacher, and a gym coach) in the school's cafeteria and a classroom before being arrested. He was sentenced to death. +|- +|July 17, 1988 +|[[Winston-Salem, North Carolina]] +|4 +|6 +|'''10''' +|[[Old Salisbury Road shooting]]: The perpetrator shot nine passers-by from the center line on the road, killing four and injuring five before being arrested. +|- +|May 20, 1988 +|[[Winnetka, Illinois]] +|2 +|6 +|'''8''' +|[[Laurie Dann|Attacks by Laurie Dann]]: The perpetrator entered the Hubbard Woods Elementary School and killed one student and wounded five others before entering a home and holding the inhabitants hostage before committing suicide. +|- +|February 16, 1988 +|[[Sunnyvale, California]] +|7 +|4 +|'''11''' +|[[Richard Farley|ESL shooting]]: After stalking his coworker, the perpetrator entered the ESL building with several weapons and shot at employees and bystanders, killing seven people and wounding four before surrendering to police and SWAT officers.{{Cite news|url=http://articles.latimes.com/1988-02-18/news/mn-43514_1_mr-farley-richard-farley-sunnyvale-public-safety-department|title=Unwanted Suitor's Fixation on Woman Led to Carnage|last1=MORAIN|first1=DAN|date=February 18, 1988 |work=Los Angeles Times|access-date=November 23, 2018 |last2=STEIN|first2=MARK A.|language=en-US|issn=0458-3035}} +|- +|December 22–28, 1987 +|[[Dover, Arkansas|Dover]] and [[Russellville, Arkansas|Russelville, Arkansas]] +|16 +|4 +|'''20''' +|[[Ronald Gene Simmons|Murders by Ronald Gene Simons]]: The perpetrator murdered sixteen friends and family—eight by gunfire, seven by strangulation, and one by drowning—and wounded four others before being arrested.{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1988/01/01/us/sheriff-reconstructs-the-murders-of-16.html|title=Sheriff Reconstructs the Murders of 16|last=AP|date=January 1, 1988|work=The New York Times|access-date=November 26, 2018 |language=en}} +|- +|December 7, 1987 +|[[Cayucos, California]] +|43 +|0 +|'''43''' +|[[Pacific Southwest Airlines Flight 1771|Pacific Southwest Airlines Flight 1771 (1987)]] The perpetrator David Burke entered the cockpit of Pacific Southwest Airlines Flight 1771 and killed the pilot and co-pilot as well as shooting three other people before crashing the plane and killing all forty-three passengers and crew on board. +|- +|August 20, 1986 +|[[Edmond, Oklahoma]] +|15 +|6 +|'''21''' +|[[Edmond post office shooting]]: A part-time employee entered to begin his day before locking the doors and killing fourteen coworkers and injuring six others before committing suicide. +|- +|October 30, 1985 +|[[Springfield Township, Delaware County, Pennsylvania|Springfield, Pennsylvania]] +|3 +|7 +|'''10''' +|[[Sylvia Seegrist|Springfield Mall shooting]]: The perpetrator fired first at customers outside the Springfield Mall, and then moved inside and killed 3 and wounded 7 before she was disarmed.{{Cite web|url=https://apnews.com/50bc9e8d06c43a52ca5e9429766a6915|title=Hero Who Ended Mall Shootings Finds Life Changed|website=AP NEWS|access-date=July 5, 2019}} +|- +|October 18, 1985 +|[[Detroit|Detroit, Michigan]] +|0 +|6 +|'''6''' +|[[Murray-Wright High School|Murray-Wright High School shooting]]: During half-time at a football game, the perpetrator opened fire with a shotgun on individuals that he had earlier fought with and wounded six. +|- +|December 22, 1984 +|[[New York City|New York City, New York]] +|0 +|4 +|'''4''' +|[[1984 New York City Subway shooting|1984 New York City subway shooting]]: Four teenagers were shot and wounded by the perpetrator on a [[New York City Subway|New York subway train]].{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1985/01/01/nyregion/man-tells-police-he-shot-youths-in-subway-train.html|title=Man Tells Police He Shot Youths in Subway Train|last=Daley|first=Suzanne|date=January 1, 1985 |work=The New York Times|access-date=July 5, 2019 |language=en-US|issn=0362-4331}} +|- +|July 18, 1984 +|[[San Diego|San Diego, California]] +|22 +|19 +|'''41''' +|[[San Ysidro McDonald's massacre]]: A male suspect entered a busy McDonald's and opened fire with an [[Uzi]], shotgun and semiautomatic pistol, and killed twenty-one people and injured nineteen before being killed by a police sniper. +|- +|April 15, 1984 +|[[New York City|New York City, New York]] +|10 +|0 +|'''10''' +|[[Palm Sunday massacre (homicide)|Palm Sunday massacre]]: During a believed home invasion ten people—three adults, one teenager, and six children—were killed. An infant was left unharmed.{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1984/04/16/nyregion/10-in-brooklyn-are-found-slain-inside-a-house.html|title=10 IN BROOKLYN ARE FOUND SLAIN INSIDE A HOUSE|last=McFadden|first=Robert D.|access-date=November 26, 2018 |language=en}} +|- +|February 24, 1984 +|[[Los Angeles|Los Angeles, California]] +|3 +|12 +|'''15''' +|[[Tyrone Mitchell|49th Street Elementary School shooting]]: The perpetrator fired on children in a school playground from his home across the street, and killed two individuals and injured twelve others before committing suicide. +|- +|February 19, 1983 +|[[Seattle|Seattle, Washington]] +|13 +|1 +|'''14''' +|[[Wah Mee massacre]]: Three perpetrators entered a gambling club at the Louisa Hotel during a robbery and killed thirteen people and wounded one in an attempt to leave no witnesses.{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1983/08/25/us/20-year-old-is-convicted-in-deaths-of-13-in-seattle.html|title=20-YEAR-OLD IS CONVICTED IN DEATHS OF 13 IN SEATTLE|last=Turner|first=Wallace|access-date=November 26, 2018 |language=en}} +|- +|September 25, 1982 +|[[Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania]] and [[Jenkins Township, Luzerne County, Pennsylvania|Jenkins Township, Pennsylvania]] +|13 +|1 +|'''14''' +|[[1982 Wilkes-Barre Shootings|Murders by George Banks]]: The perpetrator used an [[AR-15 style rifle|AR-15]] to shoot and kill thirteen people and injure one in his home and the home of a former girlfriend. A four-hour standoff occurred before officers were able to arrest and hold him on several charges.{{Cite news|url=https://www.timesleader.com/news/local/676340/35-years-later-mass-murderer-george-banks-remains-on-death-row|title=35 years later, mass murderer George Banks remains on death row {{!}} Times Leader|last=Dolinsky|first=Joe|date=September 24, 2017 |work=Times Leader|access-date=November 26, 2018 |language=en-US}} +|- +|August 20, 1982 +|[[Miami|Miami, Florida]] +|8 +|3 +|'''11''' +|[[Carl Robert Brown|Welding shop shooting]]: A teacher opened fire inside a welding shop, killing eight people and injuring three before attempting to flee by bicycle; he was run down as he cycled away. +|- +|May 3, 1982 +|[[Anchorage, Alaska]] +|4 +|0 +|'''4''' +|[[Charles L. Meach|Russian Jack Springs Park shooting]]: A [[Schizophrenia|schizophrenic]] man left a [[psychiatric hospital]] on a day pass and killed four teenagers in a park before being arrested. +|- +|May 7, 1981 +|[[Salem, Oregon]] +|5 +|18 +|'''23''' +|[[Oregon Museum Tavern shooting]]: The perpetrator entered the location and fired, killing five people and injuring eighteen before he was wrestled to the ground. +|- +|March 30, 1981 +|[[Washington D.C.]] +|1[[James Brady]] was injured in the shooting, but he was permanently disabled until dying of injuries from the gunshot wound in 2014 +|3 +|'''4''' +|[[Attempted assassination of Ronald Reagan]]: [[John Hinckley Jr.]] attempted to kill President [[Ronald Reagan]] as to impress actress [[Jodie Foster]], who he was infatuated with. Reagan was shot but survived, as did Secret Service agent [[Tim McCarthy]] and police officer [[Thomas Delahanty]]. Press Secretary [[James Brady]] was also shot, but he suffered permanent brain damage as a result, and his death in 2014 was ruled a homicide. +|- +|June 22, 1980 +|[[Daingerfield, Texas]] +|5 +|11 +|'''16''' +|[[Daingerfield church shooting]]: The perpetrator killed five people and wounded ten others after they had declined to be [[Character evidence|character witnesses]] in the trial of him raping his daughter. +|} + +=== 1970s === +{| class="wikitable sortable" +! scope="col" style="width: 56px;" |Date +! scope="col" style="width: 84px;" |Location +! data-sort-type=number | Dead +! data-sort-type=number | Injured +! data-sort-type=number | Total +! class=unsortable | Description +|- +|November 3, 1979 +|[[Greensboro, North Carolina]] +|5 +|12 +|'''17''' +|[[Greensboro massacre|Greensboro Massacre (1979)]]: Members of the [[Communist Workers' Party (United States)|Communist Workers Party]] and others demonstrated against the [[Ku Klux Klan|KKK]] and the [[American Nazi Party]], the event dissolved into a gunfight in which five people were killed and about twelve people were wounded. +|- +|January 29, 1979 +|[[San Diego|San Diego, California]] +|2 +|9 +|'''11''' +|[[Cleveland Elementary School shooting (San Diego)|Cleveland Elementary School shooting]]: A 16-year-old girl who lived across the street shot and killed two people and injured nine others before being arrested. +|- +|June 28, 1978 +|[[Boston|Boston, Massachusetts]] +|5 +|0 +|'''5''' +|[[Blackfriars massacre]]: Four known criminals and a former Boston television investigative news anchorman and reporter were all killed in a supposed sale of cocaine. +|- +|September 4, 1977 +|[[San Francisco|San Francisco, California]] +|5 +|11 +|'''16''' +|[[Golden Dragon massacre|Golden Dragon Massacre (1977)]]: Five members of a Chinese youth gang attempted to kill rival gang members, which quickly turned into a shootout in which five people died and eleven were injured. +|- +|July 12, 1976 +|[[Fullerton, California]] +|7 +|2 +|'''9''' +|[[California State University, Fullerton, massacre|California State University, Fullerton, shooting]]: A custodian at the University killed seven people and wounded two others before fleeing the school. He was arrested. +|- +|March 30, 1975 +|[[Hamilton, Ohio]] +|11 +|0 +|'''11''' +|[[James Ruppert|Easter Sunday Massacre]]: The perpetrator shot and killed his mother, brother, sister-in-law, and eight nieces and nephews in five minutes before calling police and being arrested.{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1975/04/01/archives/a-motive-is-sought-in-slaying-of-11-in-a-family-in-ohio.html|title=A Motive Is Sought in Slaying of 11 in a Family in Ohio|date=April 1, 1975|work=The New York Times|access-date=November 26, 2018 |language=en}} +|- +|December 30, 1974 +|[[Olean, New York]] +|3 +|11 +|'''14''' +|[[Olean High School shooting]]: A student locked himself in a third floor room before shooting out the window, killing three people and injuring eleven before being subdued with [[tear gas]] and arrested. +|- +|November 14, 1974 +|[[Amityville, New York]] +|6 +|0 +|'''6''' +|[[Ronald DeFeo Jr.|Ronald DeFeo Jr. Family Murders (1974)]]: Basis for ''[[The Amityville Horror]],'' where the perpetrator was convicted for the killing of his parents and siblings, six people in all. +|- +|April 22, 1974 +|[[Ogden, Utah]] +|3 +|2 +|'''5''' +|[[Hi-Fi murders]]: Three men robbed a Hi-Fi store in Ogden, Utah and took five people hostage by tying them up and torturing them, then shooting three of them to death and injuring two more.{{cite news|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=3zEfAAAAIBAJ&pg=4493,5416219&dq=william+andrews+hi+fi&hl=en|title=Utah Executes Andrews 18 Years After Brutal Robbery|work=[[The Herald Journal]]|date=July 20, 1992|accessdate=June 19, 2011}}{{cite news|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/black-murderer-who-did-not-kill-faces-needle-of-death-1536375.html|title=Black 'murderer' who did not kill faces needle of death|newspaper=[[The Independent]]|date=July 30, 1992|accessdate=June 19, 2011}}{{cite news| url= http://www.legacy.com/obituaries/saltlaketribune/obituary.aspx?n=b-cortney-naisbitt&pid=402427 |title=B. Cortney Naisbitt (obituary)| work=[[The Salt Lake Tribune]]|date=July 14, 2002|access-date= June 4, 2016}}{{cite web|url=http://www.rebelcircus.com/blog/forty-years-later-the-ogden-hi-fi-murders-are-still-the-worst/2/|title=Forty Years Later, the Ogden Hi-Fi Murders Are Still the Worst|date=August 4, 2017|website=rebelcircus.com|accessdate=September 27, 2018}}{{cite web|url=https://www.ranker.com/list/ogden-hi-fi-murders-facts/jessika-gilbert|title=The Hi-Fi Murderers Were Inspired To Use Drano As A Form Of Torture From The Film 'Magnum Force'|website=ranker.com|accessdate=September 27, 2018}} +|- +|January 18, 1973 +|[[Washington, D.C.|Washington D.C.]] +|7 +|2 +|'''9''' +|[[1973 Hanafi Muslim massacre|Hanafi Murders]]: Three individuals were shot and killed, while two others were wounded, and four children drowned in an attack by six men.{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1973/01/25/archives/survivor-tells-how-7-moslems-died-in-washington-wounded-women.html|title=Survivor Tells How 7 Moslems Died in Washington|last=Delaney|first=Paul|access-date=November 25, 2018 |language=en}} +|- +|December 31, 1972 - January 7, 1973 +|[[New Orleans|New Orleans, Louisiana]] +|10 +|13 +|'''23''' +|[[Mark Essex|Howard Johnson's shooting]]: Over the course of ten hours and in several locations the perpetrator, having previously killed two police officers and wounded a third, killed seven people and injured ten before being shot and killed by police. +|- +|November 9, 1971 +|[[Westfield, New Jersey]] +|5 +|0 +|'''5''' +|[[John List|Murders by John List:]] John List shot and killed his wife, mother and three teenage children in a belief that he needed to save their souls through death, he was arrested in 1989 after living under an assumed name after a neighbor recognized him from ''[[America's Most Wanted]].''{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2008/12/28/magazine/28List-t.html|title=Wanted - The Lives They Lived - Obituaries|last=McCracken|first=Elizabeth|date=December 23, 2008 |work=The New York Times|access-date=July 28, 2019 |language=en-US|issn=0362-4331}} +|- +|August 7, 1970 +|[[San Rafael, California]] +|4 +|2 +|'''6''' +|[[Marin County Civic Center attacks]]: The 17-year-old perpetrator took hostages in a court room in an attempt to coerce the release of the [[Soledad Brothers]]. Three prisoners released during the siege joined him in the attack, which left the main perpetrator dead along with three others and two others wounded.{{Cite web|url=https://archive.nytimes.com/www.nytimes.com/books/98/03/08/home/davis-acquit.html|title=Angela Davis Acquitted on All Charges|last=Caldwell|first=Earl|date=June 5, 1972|website=archive.nytimes.com|access-date=June 20, 2019}} +|- +|May 15, 1970 +|[[Jackson, Mississippi]] +|2 +|12 +|'''14''' +|[[Jackson State killings|Jackson State University shooting]]: After responding to the University due to a growing unrest, officers opened fire on a dorm building and two students (one from a local high school) were killed and twelve were injured. +|- +|May 4, 1970 +|[[Kent, Ohio]] +|4 +|9 +|'''13''' +|[[Kent State shootings]]: During a protest of the bombing of Cambodia at the University, members of the Ohio National Guard opened fire, killing four and injuring nine people. +|} + +=== 1960s === +{| class="wikitable sortable" +! scope="col" style="width: 56px;" |Date +! scope="col" style="width: 84px;" |Location +! data-sort-type=number | Dead +! data-sort-type=number | Injured +! data-sort-type=number | Total +! class=unsortable | Description +|- +|May 21–25, 1969 +|[[Greensboro, North Carolina]] +|2 +|27 +|'''29''' +|[[1969 Greensboro uprising]]: Student protestors, police officers and members of the [[United States National Guard|National Guard]] exchanged gunfire on the campuses of [[James B. Dudley High School]] and [[North Carolina A&T State University|North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University]], due to [[Civil rights movement|civil rights]] issues. Two were killed and twenty-seven injured.{{Cite book|title=The Black Revolution on Campus|last=Biondi|first=Martha|publisher=University of California Press|year=2012|isbn=978-0-520-95352-9}} +|- +|July 23–24, 1968 +|[[Cleveland|Cleveland, Ohio]] +|6 +|12 +|'''18''' +|[[Glenville shootout]]: A gun battle between the [[Cleveland Division of Police|Cleveland Police Department]] and the Black Nationalists of New Libya led to six people being killed and at least twelve injured, and sparked the Glenville Riots.{{Cite web|url=https://case.edu/ech/articles/g/glenville-shootout|title=GLENVILLE SHOOTOUT|date=August 2, 2018 |website=Encyclopedia of Cleveland History {{!}} Case Western Reserve University|language=en|access-date=June 20, 2019}} +|- +|June 25, 1968 +|[[Readmond Township, Michigan|Good Hart, Michigan]] +|6 +|0 +|'''6''' +|[[Robison family murders]]: While vacationing, a family was shot and killed, with the parents also [[Club (weapon)|bludgeoned]] with a hammer. The investigation continued for fifteen months after the bodies were discovered.{{Cite news|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=XbdWAAAAIBAJ&pg=7478,2493244&dq=|title=Dead a Month: Police Discover Family of 6 Shot|last=Smith|first=A|date=July 23, 1968|work=The Spokesman-Review|access-date=November 25, 2018}} +|- +|February 8, 1968 +|[[Orangeburg, South Carolina]] +|3 +|27 +|'''30''' +|[[Orangeburg massacre|South Carolina State University shooting]]: After responding to the scene of about 200 protestors protesting [[Racial segregation in the United States|racial segregation]], after an officer was assaulted, officers began to shoot into the crowd; three people were killed and twenty-seven injured. +|- +|August 1, 1966 +|[[Austin, Texas]] +|17 +|31 +|'''48''' +|[[University of Texas tower shooting]]: A student and former [[United States Marine Corps|Marine]] [[sharpshooter]] killed his wife and mother before using the University of Texas clock tower as a sniper's nest to kill 15 people, including a pregnant woman, and wound 31 before being killed by police. +|- +|April 25, 1965 +|[[Orcutt, California]] +|4 +|10 +|'''14''' +|[[1965 Highway 101 sniper attack]]: A 16-year-old stole his father's military rifle and shot at automobiles driving down the highway, killing two and injuring eleven before committing suicide. A third victim died later at the hospital.{{Cite web|url=http://www.lawlink.com/research/CaseLevel3/49081|title=Reida v. Lund 18 Cal.App.3d 698|website=www.lawlink.com|access-date=June 20, 2019}} +|} + +=== 1950s === +{| class="wikitable sortable" +!Date +!Location +!Dead +!Injured +!Total +!Description +|- +|March 1, 1954 +|[[Washington, D.C.|Washington D.C.]] +|0 +|5 +|'''5''' +|[[1954 United States Capitol shooting incident|1954 United States Capitol Shooting Incident]]: Four [[Puerto Rico Nationalist Party|Puerto Rican nationalists]] shot from the ''Ladies Gallery'' of the [[House of Representatives of the United States|House of Representatives]] chamber and wounded five Representatives.{{Cite web|url=http://www.hollandsentinel.com/stories/022904/fea_022904040.shtml|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050322053617/http://www.hollandsentinel.com/stories/022904/fea_022904040.shtml|url-status=dead|archive-date=March 22, 2005|title=HollandSentinel.com -No one expected attack on Congress in 1954 02/29/04|date=March 22, 2005 |access-date=July 18, 2019}} +|} + +=== 1940s === +{| class="wikitable sortable" +!Date +!Location +!Dead +!Injured +!Total +!Description +|- +|September 6, 1949 +|[[Camden, New Jersey]] +|13 +|3 +|'''16''' +|[[Howard Unruh|'Walk of Death' Killings by Howard Unruh]]: The perpetrator walked through his neighborhood for 12 minutes and killed thirteen; including three children, and injured three.{{Cite web|url=https://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/story-first-mass-murder-us-history-180956927/|title=The Story of the First Mass Murder in U.S. History|last=Sauer|first=Patrick|website=Smithsonian|language=en|access-date=July 26, 2019}} +|- +|July 25, 1946 +|[[Walton County, Georgia]] +|4 +|0 +|'''4''' +|[[Moore's Ford lynchings|Moore's Ford Lynching]]: Four young African Americans composed of two married couples were [[Lynching|lynched]] by a white mob and were shot and killed.{{Cite web|url=https://www.nbcnews.com/news/nbcblk/moore-s-ford-massacre-activists-reenact-racist-lynching-call-justice-n787831|title=Moore's Ford Massacre: Activists reenact racist lynching as a call for justice|last=Bailey|first=Chelsea|date=August 2, 2017|website=NBC News|language=en|access-date=July 18, 2019}} +|- +|July 8, 1945 +|[[Salina, Utah]] +|9 +|19 +|'''28''' +|[[Utah prisoner of war massacre|Utah Prisoner of War Massacre:]] Nine German [[Prisoner of war|POW]]s were killed and nineteen wounded by an American Army Private who shot at them while on guard duty.{{Cite web|url=http://drvitelli.typepad.com/providentia/2009/08/the-utah-pow-massacre.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130619212721/http://drvitelli.typepad.com/providentia/2009/08/the-utah-pow-massacre.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=June 19, 2013|title=The Utah POW Massacre - Providentia|date=June 19, 2013 |access-date=July 18, 2019}} +|} + +=== 1930s === +{| class="wikitable sortable" +!Date +!Location +!Dead +!Injured +!Total +!Description +|- +|November 9, 1934 +|[[Kelayres, Pennsylvania]] +|5 +|12 - 25 +|'''17 - 30''' +|[[Kelayres massacre|Kelayres Massacre]]: An election-eve parade and rally was shot at as it passed by the home of the local Republican boss, three victims died and between twelve and twenty-five were wounded.{{Cite web|url=https://www.republicanherald.com/news/75-years-pass-since-election-bloodshed-in-kelayres-1.393261|title=75 years pass since election bloodshed in Kelayres|last=Dino|first=Jim|website=www.republicanherald.com|language=en-US|access-date=July 18, 2019}} +|- +|June 17, 1933 +|[[Kansas City, Missouri]] +|5 +|3 +|'''8''' +|[[Kansas City massacre|Kansas City Massacre]]: Four law enforcement officers and a fugitive were killed, with three law enforcement officers wounded in a shootout between the two groups.{{Cite book|title=The Life and Death of Pretty Boy Floyd|last=King|first=Jeffery S|publisher=Kent State University Press|year=1999|isbn=9780873386500}} +|} + +=== 1920s === +{| class="wikitable sortable" +!Date +!Location +!Dead +!Injured +!Total +!Description +|- +|February 14, 1929 +|[[Chicago|Chicago, Illinois]] +|7 +|0 +|'''7''' +|[[Saint Valentine's Day Massacre]]: Seven members and associates of Chicago's [[North Side Gang]] were shot and killed execution style against a garage wall.{{Cite web|url=https://www.chicagotribune.com/nation-world/chi-chicagodays-valentinesmassacre-story-story.html|title=The St. Valentine's Day Massacre|last=O'Brien|first=John|website=chicagotribune.com|language=en-US|access-date=July 18, 2019}} +|- +|September 9, 1924 +|[[Hanapepe, Hawaii]] +|20 +|0 +|'''20''' +|[[Hanapepe massacre|Hanapepe Massacre]]: During a strike of Filipino sugar workers, in an attempt to rescue two hostage strikebreakers police killed 16 strikers, while strikers killed four law enforcement members.{{Cite web|url=https://www.thegardenisland.com/2006/09/10/lifestyles/pablo-manlapit-and-the-hanapepe-massacre/|title=Pablo Manlapit and the Hanapepe Massacre|last=Soboleski|first=Hank|date=June 10, 2006 |website=The Garden Island|language=en-US|access-date=July 26, 2019}} +|- +|June 21–22, 1922 +|[[Herrin, Illinois]] +|23 +|0 +|'''23''' +|[[Herrin Massacre]]: During a [[United Mine Workers|United Mineworkers of America]] nationwide strike [[Trade union|union]] miners shot at [[strikebreaker]]s working at the mine. The mine's guards killed three union miners on June 21, and the miners killed 20 strikebreakers and guards on June 22.{{Cite web|url=https://www.dailyherald.com/article/20131115/news/711159858/|title=Illinois cemetery search finds 1922 massacre victims|agency=Associated Press|date=November 15, 2013 |website=Daily Herald|language=en-US|access-date=July 26, 2019}} +|- +|May 31- June 1, 1921 +|[[Greenwood District, Tulsa|Greenwood]], [[Tulsa, Oklahoma|Tulsa]], [[Oklahoma]] +|36 - 300 +{{Cite journal|date=June 1921|title=Annual and Pacific Coast convention: Salt Lake City, Utah, June 21–24, 1921|journal=Journal of the American Institute of Electrical Engineers|volume=40|issue=6|pages=527–530|doi=10.1109/joaiee.1921.6593023|s2cid=51635833|issn=0360-6449}}{{Citation|last=Myers|first=Aaron|title=Tulsa Riot of 1921|date=2005-04-07|work=African American Studies Center|publisher=Oxford University Press|doi=10.1093/acref/9780195301731.013.43692|isbn=978-0-19-530173-1}} +|800+ +|'''836+''' +'''(exact number disputed)''' +|[[Tulsa race massacre]]: When white mobs attacked the black residents and business of the Greenwood District in Tulsa. The attack was carried out using guns, fire and private aircraft and aided by the [[United States National Guard]]. The attack, carried out on the ground and from private aircraft, destroyed more than 35 square blocks of the district – at that time the wealthiest black community in the United States, known as "Black Wall Street".{{Citation|last=Miles|first=Vincent E.|title=Tulsa, Oklahoma, Race Riot of 1921|encyclopedia=Encyclopedia of Race and Crime|year=2009|publisher=SAGE Publications, Inc.|doi=10.4135/9781412971928.n334|isbn=978-1-4129-5085-5}} +|- +|November 2, 1920 +|[[Ocoee, Florida]] +|34-37 +|'''unknown''' +|'''34-37+''' +|[[Ocoee massacre]]: White mob attack on African-American residents on day of Presidential election. Started because a black man wanted to vote. All black-owned property seized and population reduced to 0 for 60 years.{{Cite web|url=https://www.vice.com/en_us/article/9agk73/that-time-white-people-burned-and-pillaged-a-black-community-on-election-day/|title=That Time White People Burned and Pillaged a Black Community on Election Day|last=Douglas|first=Deborah|date=February 27, 2017 |website=Vice|language=en-US}} +|} + +== See also == +* [[List of school shootings in the United States by death toll]] +* [[List of school shootings in the United States]] +* [[List of unsuccessful attacks related to schools]] +* [[Mass shootings in the United States#Deadliest mass shootings since 1949]] +* [[List of rampage killers in the United States]] + +== Notes == + + +== References == +{{Reflist}} + +== External links == +* [https://www.gunviolencearchive.org/mass-shooting ''Gun Violence Archive'' Mass Shootings] +* [https://www.motherjones.com/politics/2012/12/mass-shootings-mother-jones-full-data/ ''Mother Jones'' Mass Shootings] +* [https://www.vox.com/a/mass-shootings-america-sandy-hook-gun-violence ''Vox'' Mass Shootings] +* [https://www.washingtonpost.com/graphics/2018/national/mass-shootings-in-america/ ''Washington Post'' Mass Shootings] +{{Mass shootings in the United States}} + +[[Category:Lists of attacks]] +[[Category:Mass shootings in the United States|*]] +[[Category:Mass murder in the United States]] +[[Category:Murders in the United States by year]] +[[Category:School massacres in the United States]] +[[Category:School shootings committed by adults]] +[[Category:School shootings committed by minors]] +[[Category:United States crime-related lists]] +[[Category:Mass shootings in the United States by year]] +[[Category:Mass shootings in the United States by state]] diff --git a/en.wikipedia.org/Martin_County,_Texas/article.txt b/en.wikipedia.org/Martin_County,_Texas/article.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..4249d58 --- /dev/null +++ b/en.wikipedia.org/Martin_County,_Texas/article.txt @@ -0,0 +1,311 @@ +{{Infobox U.S. county +| county = Martin County +| state = Texas +| seal = +| founded = 1884 +| seat wl = Stanton +| largest city wl = Midland +| named for = Wylie Martin +| area_total_sq_mi = 916 +| area_land_sq_mi = 915 +| area_water_sq_mi = 0.7 +| area percentage = 0.08% +| census yr = 2010 +| pop = 4799 +| density_sq_mi = 5.2 +| ex image = Martin county tx courthouse 2014.jpg +| ex image size = 250 +| ex image cap = The Martin County Courthouse in Stanton +| web = +| time zone = Central +| district = 11th +}} + +'''Martin County''' is a [[County (United States)|county]] in the [[U.S. state]] of [[Texas]]. As of the [[2010 United States Census|2010 census]], its population was 4,799. Its [[county seat]] is [[Stanton, Texas|Stanton]]. The county was created in 1876 and organized in 1884. It is named for [[Wylie Martin]], an early settler. + +Until November 2018, Martin County was one of six entirely [[dry county|dry]] counties in Texas. During that month, Martin County changed from a dry county to a partially wet county after Stanton residents voted to approve the sale of beer and wine within city limits. Five dry counties remain. + +Martin County is included in the [[Midland–Odessa combined statistical area]]. + +==Geography== +According to the [[U.S. Census Bureau]], the county has an area of {{convert|916|sqmi}}, of which {{convert|915|sqmi}} is land and {{convert|0.7|sqmi}} (0.08%) is water. The northern portion of the [[Spraberry Trend]], the second-largest oil field in the United States by 2013 estimated crude oil production, underlies much of the county. + +===Major highways=== +* {{jct|state=TX|I|20}} +* {{jct|state=TX|BL|20|(Former US 80)dab1=Stanton}} +* {{jct|state=TX|US|87}} +* {{jct|state=TX|TX|115}} +* {{jct|state=TX|TX|137}} +* {{jct|state=TX|TX|176}} +* {{jct|state=TX|TX|349}} + +===Adjacent counties=== +* [[Dawson County, Texas|Dawson County]] (north) +* [[Howard County, Texas|Howard County]] (east) +* [[Glasscock County, Texas|Glasscock County]] (southeast) +* [[Midland County, Texas|Midland County]] (south) +* [[Andrews County, Texas|Andrews County]] (west) +* [[Gaines County, Texas|Gaines County]] (northwest) + +==Demographics== +{{US Census population +|1880= 12 +|1890= 264 +|1900= 332 +|1910= 1549 +|1920= 1146 +|1930= 5785 +|1940= 5556 +|1950= 5541 +|1960= 5068 +|1970= 4774 +|1980= 4684 +|1990= 4956 +|2000= 4746 +|2010= 4799 +|estyear=2019 +|estimate=5771 +|estref={{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/popest/data/tables.2019.html|date=May 24, 2020|title=Population and Housing Unit Estimates|publisher=United States Census Bureau|access-date=May 27, 2020}} +|align-fn=center +|footnote=U.S. Decennial Census
1850–2010 2010–2014 +}} + +As of the [[census]] of 2000, there were 4,746 people, 1,624 households, and 1,256 families residing in the county. The [[population density]] was 5 people per square mile (2/km2). There were 1,894 housing units at an average density of 2 per square mile (1/km2). The racial makeup of the county was 79.01% [[Race (United States Census)|White]], 1.58% [[Race (United States Census)|Black]] or [[Race (United States Census)|African American]], 0.82% [[Race (United States Census)|Native American]], 0.17% [[Race (United States Census)|Asian]], 16.06% from [[Race (United States Census)|other races]], and 2.36% from two or more races. 40.56% of the population were [[Race (United States Census)|Hispanic]] or [[Race (United States Census)|Latino]] of any race. + +There were 1,624 households, out of which 42.70% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 64.30% were [[Marriage|married couples]] living together, 9.50% had a female householder with no husband present, and 22.60% were non-families. 21.70% of all households were made up of individuals, and 11.80% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.87 and the average family size was 3.36. + +In the county, the population was spread out, with 33.90% under the age of 18, 6.70% from 18 to 24, 26.40% from 25 to 44, 19.70% from 45 to 64, and 13.30% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 32 years. For every 100 females there were 95.60 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 92.70 males. + +The median income for a household in the county was $31,836, and the median income for a family was $35,965. Males had a median income of $29,360 versus $19,063 for females. The [[per capita income]] for the county was $15,647. About 14.90% of families and 18.70% of the population were below the [[poverty line]], including 23.90% of those under age 18 and 17.10% of those age 65 or over. + +==Media== +The county is served by a weekly newspaper, local station KKJW (FM), nearby stations KBXJ (FM) and KPET (AM), and the various Midland and Odessa radio and TV stations. + +==Communities== +[[File:Martin County Hospital Stanton Texas.jpg|thumb|right|Martin County Hospital, a 20-bed facility, serves the community.]] + +===Cities=== +* [[Ackerly, Texas|Ackerly]] (partly in [[Dawson County, Texas|Dawson County]]) +* [[Midland, Texas|Midland]] (mostly in [[Midland County, Texas|Midland County]]) +* [[Stanton, Texas|Stanton]] (county seat) + +===Unincorporated communities=== +* [[Lenorah, Texas|Lenorah]] +* [[Tarzan, Texas|Tarzan]] + +==Politics== +{{Hidden begin +|titlestyle = background:#ccccff; +|title = Presidential elections results +}} +{| align="center" border="2" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" style="float:right; margin: 1em 1em 1em 0; border: 1px #aaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;" +|+ '''Presidential elections results''' +|- bgcolor=lightgrey +! Year +! [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]] +! [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]] +! [[Third Party (United States)|Third parties]] +|- +| style="text-align:center;" {{Party shading/Republican}}|'''[[United States presidential election in Texas, 2016|2016]]''' +| style="text-align:center;" {{Party shading/Republican}}|'''91.0%''' ''454'' +| style="text-align:center;" {{Party shading/Democratic}}|8.0% ''40'' +| style="text-align:center; background:honeyDew;"|1.0% ''5'' +|- +| style="text-align:center;" {{Party shading/Republican}}|'''[[United States presidential election in Texas, 2012|2012]]''' +| style="text-align:center;" {{Party shading/Republican}}|'''85.7%''' ''431'' +| style="text-align:center;" {{Party shading/Democratic}}|13.3% ''67'' +| style="text-align:center; background:honeyDew;"|1.0% ''5'' +|- +| style="text-align:center;" {{Party shading/Republican}}|'''[[United States presidential election in Texas, 2008|2008]]''' +| style="text-align:center;" {{Party shading/Republican}}|'''74.5%''' ''400'' +| style="text-align:center;" {{Party shading/Democratic}}|24.6% ''132'' +| style="text-align:center; background:honeyDew;"|0.9% ''5'' +|- +| style="text-align:center;" {{Party shading/Republican}}|'''[[United States presidential election in Texas, 2004|2004]]''' +| style="text-align:center;" {{Party shading/Republican}}|'''82.8%''' ''467'' +| style="text-align:center;" {{Party shading/Democratic}}|16.8% ''95'' +| style="text-align:center; background:honeyDew;"|0.4% ''2'' +|- +| style="text-align:center;" {{Party shading/Republican}}|'''[[United States presidential election in Texas, 2000|2000]]''' +| style="text-align:center;" {{Party shading/Republican}}|'''81.6%''' ''358'' +| style="text-align:center;" {{Party shading/Democratic}}|17.5% ''77'' +| style="text-align:center; background:honeyDew;"|0.9% ''4'' +|- +| style="text-align:center;" {{Party shading/Republican}}|'''[[United States presidential election in Texas, 1996|1996]]''' +| style="text-align:center;" {{Party shading/Republican}}|'''63.7%''' ''274'' +| style="text-align:center;" {{Party shading/Democratic}}|27.2% ''117'' +| style="text-align:center; background:honeyDew;"|9.1% ''39'' +|- +| style="text-align:center;" {{Party shading/Republican}}|'''[[United States presidential election in Texas, 1992|1992]]''' +| style="text-align:center;" {{Party shading/Republican}}|'''61.9%''' ''274'' +| style="text-align:center;" {{Party shading/Democratic}}|17.6% ''78'' +| style="text-align:center; background:honeyDew;"|20.5% ''91'' +|- +| style="text-align:center;" {{Party shading/Republican}}|'''[[United States presidential election in Texas, 1988|1988]]''' +| style="text-align:center;" {{Party shading/Republican}}|'''75.9%''' ''302'' +| style="text-align:center;" {{Party shading/Democratic}}|23.6% ''94'' +| style="text-align:center; background:honeyDew;"|0.5% ''2'' +|- +| style="text-align:center;" {{Party shading/Republican}}|'''[[United States presidential election in Texas, 1984|1984]]''' +| style="text-align:center;" {{Party shading/Republican}}|'''84.7%''' ''337'' +| style="text-align:center;" {{Party shading/Democratic}}|15.3% ''61'' +| style="text-align:center;| +|- +| style="text-align:center;" {{Party shading/Republican}}|'''[[United States presidential election in Texas, 1980|1980]]''' +| style="text-align:center;" {{Party shading/Republican}}|'''68.1%''' ''271'' +| style="text-align:center;" {{Party shading/Democratic}}|30.7% ''122'' +| style="text-align:center; background:honeyDew;"|1.3% ''5'' +|- +| style="text-align:center;" {{Party shading/Republican}}|'''[[United States presidential election in Texas, 1976|1976]]''' +| style="text-align:center;" {{Party shading/Republican}}|'''52.8%''' ''217'' +| style="text-align:center;" {{Party shading/Democratic}}|47.2% ''194'' +| style="text-align:center;| +|- +| style="text-align:center;" {{Party shading/Republican}}|'''[[United States presidential election in Texas, 1972|1972]]''' +| style="text-align:center;" {{Party shading/Republican}}|'''76.8%''' ''304'' +| style="text-align:center;" {{Party shading/Democratic}}|22.2% ''88'' +| style="text-align:center; background:honeyDew;"|1.0% ''4'' +|- +| style="text-align:center;" {{Party shading/Republican}}|'''[[United States presidential election in Texas, 1968|1968]]''' +| style="text-align:center;" {{Party shading/Republican}}|'''39.5%''' ''169'' +| style="text-align:center;" {{Party shading/Democratic}}|37.4% ''160'' +| style="text-align:center; background:honeyDew;"|23.1% ''99'' +|- +| style="text-align:center;" {{Party shading/Democratic}}|'''[[United States presidential election in Texas, 1964|1964]]''' +| style="text-align:center;" {{Party shading/Republican}}|39.5% ''175'' +| style="text-align:center;" {{Party shading/Democratic}}|'''60.3%''' ''267'' +| style="text-align:center; background:honeyDew;"|0.2% ''1'' +|- +| style="text-align:center;" {{Party shading/Republican}}|'''[[United States presidential election in Texas, 1960|1960]]''' +| style="text-align:center;" {{Party shading/Republican}}|'''50.1%''' ''241'' +| style="text-align:center;" {{Party shading/Democratic}}|49.9% ''240'' +| style="text-align:center;| +|- +| style="text-align:center;" {{Party shading/Republican}}|'''[[United States presidential election in Texas, 1956|1956]]''' +| style="text-align:center;" {{Party shading/Republican}}|'''54.7%''' ''226'' +| style="text-align:center;" {{Party shading/Democratic}}|44.8% ''185'' +| style="text-align:center; background:honeyDew;"|0.5% ''2'' +|- +| style="text-align:center;" {{Party shading/Republican}}|'''[[United States presidential election in Texas, 1952|1952]]''' +| style="text-align:center;" {{Party shading/Republican}}|'''64.9%''' ''290'' +| style="text-align:center;" {{Party shading/Democratic}}|34.9% ''156'' +| style="text-align:center; background:honeyDew;"|0.2% ''1'' +|- +| style="text-align:center;" {{Party shading/Democratic}}|'''[[United States presidential election in Texas, 1948|1948]]''' +| style="text-align:center;" {{Party shading/Republican}}|20.2% ''61'' +| style="text-align:center;" {{Party shading/Democratic}}|'''73.5%''' ''222'' +| style="text-align:center; background:honeyDew;"|6.3% ''19'' +|- +| style="text-align:center;" {{Party shading/Democratic}}|'''[[1944 United States presidential election|1944]]''' +| style="text-align:center;" {{Party shading/Republican}}|28.3% ''106'' +| style="text-align:center;" {{Party shading/Democratic}}|'''59.5%''' ''223'' +| style="text-align:center; background:honeyDew;"|12.3% ''46'' +|- +| style="text-align:center;" {{Party shading/Democratic}}|'''[[1940 United States presidential election|1940]]''' +| style="text-align:center;" {{Party shading/Republican}}|18.6% ''77'' +| style="text-align:center;" {{Party shading/Democratic}}|'''81.4%''' ''336'' +| style="text-align:center;| +|- +| style="text-align:center;" {{Party shading/Democratic}}|'''[[1936 United States presidential election|1936]]''' +| style="text-align:center;" {{Party shading/Republican}}|12.3% ''37'' +| style="text-align:center;" {{Party shading/Democratic}}|'''87.8%''' ''265'' +| style="text-align:center;| +|- +| style="text-align:center;" {{Party shading/Democratic}}|'''[[1932 United States presidential election|1932]]''' +| style="text-align:center;" {{Party shading/Republican}}|4.4% ''12'' +| style="text-align:center;" {{Party shading/Democratic}}|'''95.6%''' ''258'' +| style="text-align:center;| +|- +| style="text-align:center;" {{Party shading/Republican}}|'''[[1928 United States presidential election|1928]]''' +| style="text-align:center;" {{Party shading/Republican}}|'''50.0%''' ''96'' +| style="text-align:center;" {{Party shading/Democratic}}|49.0% ''94'' +| style="text-align:center; background:honeyDew;"|1.0% ''2'' +|- +| style="text-align:center;" {{Party shading/Republican}}|'''[[1924 United States presidential election|1924]]''' +| style="text-align:center;" {{Party shading/Republican}}|'''49.8%''' ''111'' +| style="text-align:center;" {{Party shading/Democratic}}|48.9% ''109'' +| style="text-align:center; background:honeyDew;"|1.4% ''3'' +|- +| style="text-align:center;" {{Party shading/Democratic}}|'''[[1920 United States presidential election|1920]]''' +| style="text-align:center;" {{Party shading/Republican}}|31.1% ''33'' +| style="text-align:center;" {{Party shading/Democratic}}|'''67.9%''' ''72'' +| style="text-align:center; background:honeyDew;"|0.9% ''1'' +|- +| style="text-align:center;" {{Party shading/Democratic}}|'''[[1916 United States presidential election|1916]]''' +| style="text-align:center;" {{Party shading/Republican}}|20.1% ''29'' +| style="text-align:center;" {{Party shading/Democratic}}|'''79.9%''' ''115'' +| style="text-align:center;| +|- +| style="text-align:center;" {{Party shading/Democratic}}|'''[[1912 United States presidential election|1912]]''' +| style="text-align:center;" {{Party shading/Republican}}|14.5% ''9'' +| style="text-align:center;" {{Party shading/Democratic}}|'''80.7%''' ''50'' +| style="text-align:center; background:honeyDew;"|4.8% ''3'' +|} +{{Hidden end}} + +==See also== +{{Portal|Texas}} +* [[National Register of Historic Places listings in Martin County, Texas]] +* [[List of Recorded Texas Historic Landmarks (Hunt-Martin)#Martin County|Recorded Texas Historic Landmarks in Martin County]] + +==References== +{{reflist|30em|refs= + +{{cite web | title = State & County QuickFacts | url = http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/48/48317.html | publisher = United States Census Bureau | access-date = December 21, 2013 | url-status = dead | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20111018054735/http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/48/48317.html | archive-date = October 18, 2011}} + +{{cite web | url = http://www.naco.org/Counties/Pages/FindACounty.aspx | access-date = 2011-06-07 | title = Find a County|publisher=National Association of Counties}} + +{{cite web | url = http://publications.newberry.org/ahcbp/documents/TX_Individual_County_Chronologies.htm | title = Texas: Individual County Chronologies | work = Texas Atlas of Historical County Boundaries | publisher = [[Newberry Library|The Newberry Library]] | date = 2008 | access-date = May 25, 2015 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20180925180746/https://publications.newberry.org/ahcbp/documents/TX_Individual_County_Chronologies.htm | archive-date = 2018-09-25 | url-status = live}} + +{{cite book | last = Gannett | first = Henry | title = The Origin of Certain Place Names in the United States | url = https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_9V1IAAAAMAAJ | year = 1905 | publisher = U.S. Government Printing Office | page = [https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_9V1IAAAAMAAJ/page/n200 201]}} +{{cite web | url = https://www.tabc.state.tx.us/local_option_elections/wet_and_dry_counties.asp | title = Wet and Dry Counties | access-date = 2018-12-20 | website = Texas Alcoholic Beverage Commission}} + +{{cite web | url = https://www.tabc.state.tx.us/local_option_elections/wet_and_dry_counties.asp | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20180903212749/https://www.tabc.state.tx.us/local_option_elections/wet_and_dry_counties.asp | archive-date = 2018-09-03 | url-status = dead | title = Wet and Dry Counties | website = Texas Alcoholic Beverage Commission}} + +{{cite web | url = http://www2.census.gov/geo/docs/maps-data/data/gazetteer/counties_list_48.txt | publisher = United States Census Bureau | access-date = May 4, 2015 | date = August 22, 2012 | title = 2010 Census Gazetteer Files | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150722213321/http://www2.census.gov/geo/docs/maps-data/data/gazetteer/counties_list_48.txt | archive-date = 2015-07-22 | url-status = live}} + +{{cite web | url = https://www.eia.gov/naturalgas/crudeoilreserves/top100/pdf/top100.pdf | title = Top 100 U.S. Oil and Gas Fields | publisher = U.S. Energy Information Administration | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150411233509/https://www.eia.gov/naturalgas/crudeoilreserves/top100/pdf/top100.pdf | archive-date = 2015-04-11}} + +{{cite web | url = https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/decennial-census.html | title = U.S. Decennial Census | publisher = United States Census Bureau | access-date = May 4, 2015 }} + +{{cite web | url = http://texasalmanac.com/sites/default/files/images/topics/ctypophistweb2010.pdf | title = Texas Almanac: Population History of Counties from 1850–2010 | publisher = Texas Almanac | access-date = May 4, 2015 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150419032220/https://texasalmanac.com/sites/default/files/images/topics/ctypophistweb2010.pdf | archive-date = April 19, 2015 | url-status = live}} + +{{cite web | url = https://www.census.gov | publisher = [[United States Census Bureau]] | access-date = 2011-05-14 | title = U.S. Census website}} + +{{Cite web | url = https://uselectionatlas.org/RESULTS/statesub.php?year=2016&fips=48317&f=1&off=0&elect=0 | url-access = subscription | title = Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections | last = Leip | first = David | website = uselectionatlas.org | access-date = 2018-12-20}} + +{{cite news | author = | title = It's WET | url = https://www.martincountymessenger.com/articles/2018/11/09/it%E2%80%99s-wet | work = Martin County Messenger | date = 2018-11-09 | access-date = 2018-12-20 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20181220014254/https://www.martincountymessenger.com/articles/2018/11/09/it%E2%80%99s-wet | archive-date = 2018-12-20 | url-status = live}} + +{{cite news | last = Marks | first = Michael | title = Texas Has Just Five Dry Counties Left. Why Is That? | url = https://www.keranews.org/post/texas-has-just-five-dry-counties-left-why | work = keranews.org | date = 2018-12-17 | access-date = 2018-12-20 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20181217183904/https://www.keranews.org/post/texas-has-just-five-dry-counties-left-why | archive-date = 2018-12-17 | url-status = live}} + +{{cite web | title = Wet/Dry Status of Texas Counties | date = 2018-11-06 | url = https://www.tabc.state.tx.us/images/wetdry.gif | access-date = 2018-12-20 | publisher = Texas Alcoholic Beverage Commission | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20181211163557/https://www.tabc.state.tx.us/images/wetdry.gif | archive-date = 2018-12-11 | url-status = live}} + +}} + +==External links== +* [http://www.co.martin.tx.us/ Martin County Government’s Website] +* {{Handbook of Texas|id=hcm03|name=Martin County}} + +{{Geographic Location +|Centre = Martin County, Texas +|North = [[Dawson County, Texas|Dawson County]] +|Northeast = +|East = [[Howard County, Texas|Howard County]] +|Southeast = [[Glasscock County, Texas|Glasscock County]] +|South = [[Midland County, Texas|Midland County]] +|Southwest = +|West = [[Andrews County, Texas|Andrews County]] +|Northwest = [[Gaines County, Texas|Gaines County]] +}} + +{{Martin County, Texas}} +{{Texas counties}} +{{Texas}} + +{{coord|32.30|-101.96|display=title|type:adm2nd_region:US-TX_source:UScensus1990}} + +{{authority control}} + +[[Category:Martin County, Texas| ]] +[[Category:1876 establishments in Texas]] +[[Category:Populated places established in 1876]] diff --git a/en.wikipedia.org/Mexican_Hat,_Utah/article.txt b/en.wikipedia.org/Mexican_Hat,_Utah/article.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..dfdefa9 --- /dev/null +++ b/en.wikipedia.org/Mexican_Hat,_Utah/article.txt @@ -0,0 +1,138 @@ +{{Infobox settlement +|official_name = Mexican Hat, Utah +|settlement_type = [[Census-designated place|CDP]] +|nickname = +|motto = + + +|image_skyline = Mexican Hat Lodge.jpg +|imagesize = +|image_caption = Mexican Hat Lodge +|image_flag = +|image_seal = + + +|image_map = San Juan County Utah incorporated and unincorporated areas Mexican Hat highlighted.svg +|map_caption = Location in [[San Juan County, Utah|San Juan County]] and the state of [[Utah]]. + + +|subdivision_type = [[List of sovereign states|Country]] +|subdivision_name = United States +|subdivision_type1 = [[U.S. state|State]] +|subdivision_name1 = [[Utah]] +|subdivision_type2 = [[List of counties in Utah|County]] +|subdivision_name2 = [[San Juan County, Utah|San Juan]] + + +|government_footnotes = +|government_type = +|leader_title = +|leader_name = +|leader_title1 = +|leader_name1 = +|established_title = +|established_date = + + +|unit_pref = Imperial +|area_footnotes = +|area_magnitude = +|area_total_sq_mi = 8.5 +|area_land_sq_mi = 8.2 +|area_water_sq_mi = 0.3 + + +|population_as_of = [[2010 United States Census|2010]] +|population_footnotes = +|population_total = 31 +|population_density_km2 = 1.5 +|population_density_sq_mi = 3.8 + + +|timezone = [[Mountain Time Zone|Mountain (MST)]] +|utc_offset = -7 +|timezone_DST = MDT +|utc_offset_DST = -6 +|elevation_footnotes = +|elevation_m = 1294 +|elevation_ft = 4244 +|coordinates = {{coord|37|9|54|N|109|51|56|W|region:US_type:city|display=inline,title}} +|postal_code_type = [[ZIP code]] +|postal_code = 84531 +|area_code = [[Area code 435|435]] +|blank_name = [[Federal Information Processing Standard|FIPS code]] +|blank_info = 49-49380{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov|publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]]|access-date=2008-01-31|title=U.S. Census website}} +|blank1_name = [[Geographic Names Information System|GNIS]] feature ID +|blank1_info = 1430248{{cite web|url=http://geonames.usgs.gov|access-date=2008-01-31|title=US Board on Geographic Names|publisher=[[United States Geological Survey]]|date=2007-10-25}} +|website = +|footnotes = +}} + +'''Mexican Hat''' is a [[census-designated place]] (CDP) on the [[San Juan River (Colorado River)|San Juan River]] on the northern edge of the [[Navajo Nation]]'s borders in south-central [[San Juan County, Utah|San Juan County]], [[Utah]], United States. The population was 31 at the [[2010 United States Census|2010 census]], a sharp decline from the previous two censuses. + +==History== +The name "Mexican Hat" comes from a curiously [[sombrero]]-shaped rock outcropping on the northeast edge of town; the rock measures {{convert|60|ft|m|sing=on}} wide by {{convert|12|ft|m|sing=on}}. The "Hat" has two [[rock climbing]] routes ascending it. Mexican Hat has frequently been noted on lists of [[Place names considered unusual|unusual place names]].{{cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=29zh3dIgmv8C&lpg=PP1&pg=PR11#v=onepage&q&f=false| title=Welcome to Horneytown, North Carolina, Population: 15: An insider's guide to 201 of the world's weirdest and wildest places | publisher=Adams Media | author=Parker, Quentin | year=2010 | pages=xi}} + +In 2016, the [[U.S. Route 163#Utah|U.S. Route 163]] bridge crossing the San Juan River on the south border of the town was renamed the "[[Jason R. Workman Memorial Bridge]]" after a member of [[SEAL Team Six]] who was killed in action in Afghanistan on August 6, 2011. Workman was a 1997 graduate of the nearby [[San Juan High School (Utah)|San Juan High School]]. + +==Geography== +[[File:Mexicanhatrock.jpg|thumb|left|Mexican Hat Rock]] +The CDP is on [[U.S. Route 163#Utah|U.S. Route 163]], just {{convert|3|mi|km|0}} south of the junction with [[Utah State Route 261|State Route 261]], and is just outside the northern boundary of both the [[Navajo Nation]] and [[Monument Valley]]. [[Goosenecks State Park]] is located {{convert|9|mi|km|0}} west-northwest, [[Alhambra Rock]] is {{convert|6|mi|km|0}} west-southwest, and the [[Valley of the Gods]] is to the north on U.S. 163. +[[File:Mexican Hat Rock by D Ramey Logan.jpg|thumb|Mexican Hat Rock]] + +According to the [[United States Census Bureau]], the CDP has a total area of {{convert|8.5|sqmi}}, of which {{convert|8.2|sqmi}} is land (96%) and {{convert|0.3|sqmi}} is water (4%). + +===Climate=== +According to the [[Köppen Climate Classification]] system, Mexican Hat has a [[semi-arid climate]], abbreviated "BSk" on climate maps.[http://www.weatherbase.com/weather/weather-summary.php3?s=566520&cityname=Mexican+Hat%2C+Utah%2C+United+States+of+America&units= Climate Summary for Mexican Hat, Utah] + +==Demographics== +{{USCensusPop +| align=left +| 1990=259 +| 2000=88 +| 2010=31 +| footnote=source:{{cite web + |url=https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/decennial-census.html + |title=CENSUS OF POPULATION AND HOUSING (1790-2000) + |publisher=[[U.S. Census Bureau]] + |access-date=2010-07-31}}Part of 1990's census area is now in [[Halchita, Utah|Halchita]]. +}} +As of the [[census]] of 2010, there were 31 people in 17 households residing in the CDP. The [[population density]] was 3.8 people per square mile (1.5/km2). There were 23 housing units at an average density of 2.8/sq mi (1.1/km2). The racial make-up of the CDP was 9.7% [[Native American (U.S. Census)|Native American]] and 90.3% [[White (U.S. Census)|White]]. + +There were 17 households, out of which 5.9% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 29.4% were [[Marriage|married couples]] living together, 17.6% had a female householder with no husband present, and 47.1% were non-families. 64.7% of all households were made up of individuals, and 5.9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 1.82 and the average family size was 2.56. + +In the CDP, the population skewed older since the last census, with 6.4% under the age of 15, zero residents aged 15 to 24, 25.8% from 25 to 44, 25.9% from 45 to 64, and 42% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 54.5 years. + +As of 2012, the median income for a household in the CDP was $80,767, and there were no families or individuals living below the [[poverty line]].[http://www.city-data.com/city/Mexican-Hat-Utah.html= Demographics for Mexican Hat, Utah] + +==See also== +{{portal|Utah}} +* [[List of census-designated places in Utah]] + +==References== +{{reflist|22em|refs= + +{{cite news +| title = San Juan River Bridge renamed to honor fallen hero +| author = +| date = 2016-04-05 +| url = http://www.sjrnews.com/view/full_story/27147597/article-San-Juan-River-Bridge-renamed-to-honor-fallen-hero +| access-date = 2019-06-09 +| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160424070808/http://www.sjrnews.com/view/full_story/27147597/article-San-Juan-River-Bridge-renamed-to-honor-fallen-hero +| archive-date = 2016-04-24 +| url-status = live +}} + +}} + +==External links== +{{commons category|Mexican Hat, Utah}} +* [http://www.americansouthwest.net/utah/mexican_hat/ Mexican Hat photo gallery] +* [http://www.americansouthwest.net/utah/mexican_hat/valley_of_the_gods.html Valley of the Gods] +* [http://www.city-data.com/city/Mexican-Hat-Utah.html Info] + + +{{San Juan County, Utah}} +{{Authority control}} +[[Category:Census-designated places in San Juan County, Utah]] +[[Category:Census-designated places in Utah]] diff --git a/en.wikipedia.org/Music_of_Final_Fantasy_VI/article.txt b/en.wikipedia.org/Music_of_Final_Fantasy_VI/article.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..1d55eff --- /dev/null +++ b/en.wikipedia.org/Music_of_Final_Fantasy_VI/article.txt @@ -0,0 +1,553 @@ +{{DISPLAYTITLE:Music of ''Final Fantasy VI''}} +{{Music of Final Fantasy}} +The music of the [[video game]] ''[[Final Fantasy VI]]'' was composed by regular series composer [[Nobuo Uematsu]]. The ''Final Fantasy VI Original Sound Version'', a compilation of all the music in the game, was released in Japan by [[NTT Publishing]] in 1994 and re-released by [[Square Enix]] in 2004. The album was released by [[Square (video game company)|Square Co.]]/NTT Publishing in North America in 1994 under the name ''Kefka's Domain''. Selected tracks from the official soundtrack were later released as part of the ''Music From FFV and FFVI Video Games'' album that was included with the release of ''[[Final Fantasy Anthology]]'', and two [[Extended play|EP]]s were produced containing character theme tracks entitled ''Final Fantasy VI Stars Vol. 1'' and ''Vol. 2''. A special [[orchestra]]l [[arrangement]] of selected tracks from the game, arranged by [[Shiro Sagisu]] and [[Tsuneyoshi Saito]], and performed by the [[Milan Symphony Orchestra]], was released under the title ''Final Fantasy VI Grand Finale'' by NTT Publishing in 1994 and 2004, and a collection of [[piano]] arrangements, arranged by Shirou Satou and performed by Reiko Nomura, was released under the title ''Piano Collections Final Fantasy VI'' by Square/NTT Publishing in 1994 and by NTT Publishing in 2001. Additionally, a single containing unused and remixed tracks from the game was released as ''Final Fantasy VI Special Tracks'' by NTT Publishing in 1994. + +The music received critical and universal acclaim, with reviewers finding it to be one of the best video game music soundtracks ever composed. Several pieces, particularly "Terra's Theme" and "Aria di Mezzo Carattere", remain popular today, and have been performed numerous times in orchestral concert series such as the ''Dear Friends: Music from Final Fantasy'' concert series, the [[Distant Worlds: Music from Final Fantasy]] series, and the [[Orchestral Game Concert]] series. Music from the soundtrack has also been published in arranged albums and compilations by Square Enix as well as outside groups. + +==''Final Fantasy VI Original Sound Version''== +{{Infobox album +| italic_title = no +| name = Final Fantasy VI Original Soundtrack +| type = soundtrack +| artist = [[Nobuo Uematsu]] +| cover = Ff6sd.jpg +| alt = +| released = March 25, 1994
July 1, 1994 {{nowrap|(''Kefka's Domain'')}}
October 1, 2004 (reissue) +| recorded = [[Sunrise Studios]] +| venue = +| studio = +| genre = +| length = 58:00 (disc one)
57:18 (disc two)
72:03 (disc three) +| label = [[NTT Publishing]]
[[Square (video game company)|Square]] {{nowrap|(''Kefka's Domain'')}}
[[Square Enix]] (reissue) +| producer = Nobuo Uematsu +| prev_title = +| prev_year = +| next_title = +| next_year = +}} + +''Final Fantasy VI Original Soundtrack'' is a soundtrack album containing musical tracks from the game, composed and produced by Nobuo Uematsu. The album was originally released through NTT Publishing on March 25, 1994 under the name ''Final Fantasy VI Original Sound Version'' and the catalog numbers ''PSCN-5001~3'', and was later re-released by Square Enix on October 1, 2004 with the new name and catalog numbers ''NTCP-5001~3''. The soundtrack spans three discs and has a combined duration of 3:07:21. The soundtrack was also officially released in the United States by Square/NTT Publishing under the name of ''Kefka's Domain'' on July 1, 1994. This version of the album is the same as its Japanese counterpart, except for different packaging and small differences in the translation of some track names between the album and newer releases. The album has a catalog number of ''SQ108''. + +Ten tracks from the soundtrack, comprising all of the character themes for the required characters of the game, were released in a pair of [[Extended play|EP]]s entitled ''Final Fantasy VI Stars Vol. 1'' and ''Vol. 2''. The CDs were released in 1994 by NTT Publishing with durations of 13:04 and 11:54 and catalog numbers of ''N09D-023'' and ''NO9D-024'', respectively. Additionally, thirteen tracks from the soundtrack were included in a bonus CD titled ''Music From FFV and FFVI Video Games'' that shipped with ''[[Final Fantasy Anthology]]'' on October 5, 1999. The soundtrack was again released as part of the ''Final Fantasy Finest Box'' by Square Enix on March 28, 2007 under the catalog numbers ''FFFB-0004-6'' along with the OSTs of ''Final Fantasy IV'' and ''Final Fantasy V'' after the game was ported to the [[Game Boy Advance]]. + +''Final Fantasy VI Original Sound Version'' sold 175,000 copies as of January 2010. The album was very well received by critics. Ben Schweitzer of RPGFan claimed that "almost every track here is truly a very good, or even a great composition." Issac Engelhorn of Soundtrack Central agreed, claiming it to be the best video soundtrack ever, a sentiment Jon Turner and Nick Melton of Soundtrack Central agreed with. Patrick Gann of RPGFan claimed that the "Dancing Mad" track contained some of the "most astounding music ever created on a keyboard" and highly recommended the soundtrack. + +A new edition of the soundtrack, ''Final Fantasy VI Original Soundtrack Remaster Version'', was released by Square Enix on September 3, 2013. The album has the catalog number SQEX-10387~9, and its 61 tracks have a duration of 3:07:47. Andrew Barker of RPGFan stated that the differences between the original release and this version were "minor and barely noticeable", but that all of the praises for the original music still held true. + +'''Track listing''' +{{tracklist +| collapsed = yes +| headline = Disc one +| extra_column = ''Kefka's Domain'' title (if different) +| title1 = Omen +| note1 = {{nihongo2|予兆}} ''Yochō'' +| extra1 = "Opening Theme" +| length1 = 4:15 +| title2 = The Mines of Narshe +| note2 = {{nihongo2|炭坑都市ナルシェ}} ''Tankō Toshi Narushe'' +| length2 = 2:48 +| title3 = Awakening +| note3 = {{nihongo2|目覚め}} ''Mezame'' +| length3 = 1:41 +| title4 = Locke's Theme +| note4 = {{nihongo2|ロックのテーマ}} ''Rokku no Tēma'' +| extra4 = "Locke" +| length4 = 2:01 +| title5 = Battle +| note5 = {{nihongo2|戦闘}} ''Sentō'' +| extra5 = "Battle Theme" +| length5 = 1:59 +| title6 = Victory Fanfare +| note6 = {{nihongo2|勝利のファンファーレ}} ''Shōri no Fanfāre'' +| extra6 = "Fanfare" +| length6 = 0:39 +| title7 = Edgar & Sabin's Theme +| note7 = {{nihongo2|エドガー、マッシュのテーマ}} ''Edogā, Masshu no Tēma'' +| extra7 = "Edgar & Sabin" +| length7 = 2:32 +| title8 = Kefka +| note8 = {{nihongo2|魔導士ケフカ}} ''Madōshi Kefuka'' +| length8 = 2:43 +| title9 = Mt. Kolts +| note9 = {{nihongo2|霊峰コルツ}} ''Reihō Korutsu'' +| length9 = 2:30 +| title10 = The Returners +| note10 = {{nihongo2|反乱分子}} ''Hanran Bunshi'' +| extra10 = "Returners" +| length10 = 2:42 +| title11 = Shadow's Theme +| note11 = {{nihongo2|シャドウのテーマ}} ''Shadō no Tēma'' +| extra11 = "Shadow" +| length11 = 1:53 +| title12 = Troops March On +| note12 = {{nihongo2|帝国の進軍}} ''Teikoku no Shingun'' +| length12 = 1:56 +| title13 = Cyan's Theme +| note13 = {{nihongo2|カイエンのテーマ}} ''Kaien no Tēma'' +| extra13 = "Cyan" +| length13 = 2:21 +| title14 = The Unforgiven +| note14 = {{nihongo2|許されざる者}} ''Yurusarezaru Mono'' +| length14 = 1:23 +| title15 = Phantom Forest +| note15 = {{nihongo2|迷いの森}} ''Mayoi no Mori'' +| extra15 = "The Phantom Forest" +| length15 = 3:17 +| title16 = Phantom Train +| note16 = {{nihongo2|魔列車}} ''Ma Ressha'' +| length16 = 2:49 +| title17 = The Veldt +| note17 = {{nihongo2|獣ヶ原}} ''Kemonogahara'' +| extra17 = "Wild West" +| length17 = 2:17 +| title18 = Gau's Theme +| note18 = {{nihongo2|ガウのテーマ}} ''Gau no Tēma'' +| extra18 = "Gau" +| length18 = 1:50 +| title19 = The Serpent Trench +| note19 = {{nihongo2|蛇の道}} ''Hebi no Michi'' +| length19 = 2:06 +| title20 = Kids Run Through the City +| note20 = {{nihongo2|街角の子供達}} ''Machikado no Kodomotachi'' +| length20 = 2:42 +| title21 = Under Martial Law +| note21 = {{nihongo2|戒厳令}} ''Kaigenrei'' +| length21 = 2:26 +| title22 = Celes's Theme +| note22 = {{nihongo2|セリスのテーマ}} ''Serisu no Tēma'' +| extra22 = "Celes" +| length22 = 2:56 +| title23 = Protect the Espers! +| note23 = {{nihongo2|幻獣を守れ!}} ''GenjÅ« o Mamore!'' +| extra23 = "Save Them!" +| length23 = 1:57 +| title24 = The Decisive Battle +| note24 = {{nihongo2|決戦}} ''Kessen'' +| length24 = 2:01 +| title25 = Metamorphosis +| note25 = {{nihongo2|メタモルフォーゼ}} ''Metamorufōze'' +| length25 = 1:25 +}} + +{{tracklist +| collapsed = yes +| headline = Disc two +| extra_column = ''Kefka's Domain'' title (if different) +| title1 = Terra's Theme +| note1 = {{nihongo2|ティナのテーマ}} ''Tina no Tēma'' +| extra1 = "Terra" +| length1 = 3:50 +| title2 = Coin of Fate +| note2 = {{nihongo2|運命のコイン}} ''Unmei no Koin'' +| extra2 = "Coin Song" +| length2 = 3:14 +| title3 = Techno de Chocobo +| note3 = {{nihongo2|テクノdeチョコボ}} ''Tekuno de Chokobo'' +| length3 = 1:35 +| title4 = Forever Rachel +| note4 = {{nihongo2|永遠に,レイチェル}} ''Eien ni, Reicheru'' +| length4 = 2:51 +| title5 = Slam Shuffle +| note5 = {{nihongo2|スラム・シャッフル}} ''Suramu Shaffuru'' +| length5 = 2:20 +| title6 = Spinach Rag +| note6 = {{nihongo2|スピナッチ・ラグ}} ''Supinacchi Ragu'' +| length6 = 2:13 +| title7 = Overture +| note7 = {{nihongo2|序曲}} ''Jokyoku'' +| length7 = 4:46 +| title8 = Aria di Mezzo Carattere +| note8 = {{nihongo2|アリア}} ''Aria'' +| length8 = 3:55 +| title9 = Wedding Waltz ~ Duel +| note9 = {{nihongo2|婚礼のワルツ~決闘}} ''Konrei no Warutsu ~ Kettō'' +| extra9 = "The Wedding" +| length9 = 4:00 +| title10 = Grand Finale +| note10 = {{nihongo2|大団円}} ''Daidan'en'' +| extra10 = "Grand Finale?" +| length10 = 3:14 +| title11 = Setzer's Theme +| note11 = {{nihongo2|セッツァーのテーマ}} ''Settsā no Tēma'' +| extra11 = "Setzer" +| length11 = 1:55 +| title12 = Johnny C. Bad +| note12 = {{nihongo2|ジョニー・C・バッド}} ''JonÄ« ShÄ« Baddo'' +| extra12 = "Johnny C Bad" +| length12 = 2:54 +| title13 = The Gestahl Empire +| note13 = {{nihongo2|ガストラ帝国}} ''Gasutora Teikoku'' +| extra13 = "The Empire "Gestahl"" +| length13 = 3:11 +| title14 = Magitek Research Facility +| note14 = {{nihongo2|魔導研究所}} ''Madō KenkyÅ«jo'' +| extra14 = "Devil's Lab" +| length14 = 2:32 +| title15 = The Airship Blackjack +| note15 = {{nihongo2|飛空挺ブラックジャック}} ''HikÅ«tei Burakkujakku'' +| extra15 = "Blackjack" +| length15 = 3:04 +| title16 = What? +| note16 = {{nihongo2|ん?2}} ''N? 2'' +| extra16 = "??" +| length16 = 1:07 +| title17 = Mog's Theme +| note17 = {{nihongo2|モグのテーマ}} ''Mogu no Tēma'' +| extra17 = "Mog" +| length17 = 1:54 +| title18 = Strago's Theme +| note18 = {{nihongo2|ストラゴスのテーマ}} ''Sutoragosu no Tēma'' +| extra18 = "Strago" +| length18 = 2:29 +| title19 = Relm's Theme +| note19 = {{nihongo2|リルムのテーマ}} ''Rirumu no Tēma'' +| extra19 = "Relm" +| length19 = 2:54 +| title20 = Esper World +| note20 = {{nihongo2|幻獣界}} ''GenjÅ« Kai'' +| extra20 = "Another World of Beasts" +| length20 = 2:37 +}} + +{{tracklist +| collapsed = yes +| headline = Disc three +| extra_column = ''Kefka's Domain'' title (if different) +| title1 = Floating Continent +| note1 = {{nihongo2|魔大陸}} ''Ma Tairiku'' +| extra1 = "New Continent" +| length1 = 2:27 +| title2 = Catastrophe +| note2 = {{nihongo2|大破壊}} ''Daihakai'' +| length2 = 2:15 +| title3 = Battle to the Death +| note3 = {{nihongo2|死闘}} ''Shitō'' +| extra3 = "The Fierce Battle" +| length3 = 2:34 +| title4 = Rest in Peace +| note4 = {{nihongo2|レスト・イン・ピース}} ''Resuto in PÄ«su'' +| length4 = 0:29 +| title5 = Dark World +| note5 = {{nihongo2|死界}} ''Shi Kai'' +| length5 = 3:03 +| title6 = From that Day On... +| note6 = {{nihongo2|あの日から...}} ''Ano Hi Kara...'' +| extra6 = "The Day After" +| length6 = 2:14 +| title7 = Searching for Friends +| note7 = {{nihongo2|仲間を求めて}} ''Nakama o Motomete'' +| length7 = 2:56 +| title8 = Gogo's Theme +| note8 = {{nihongo2|ゴゴのテーマ}} ''Gogo no Tēma'' +| extra8 = "Gogo" +| length8 = 2:10 +| title9 = Epitaph +| note9 = {{nihongo2|墓碑名}} ''Bohimei'' +| length9 = 2:50 +| title10 = The Magic House +| note10 = {{nihongo2|からくり屋敷}} ''Karakuri Yashiki'' +| length10 = 2:32 +| title11 = Umaro's Theme +| note11 = {{nihongo2|ウーマロのテーマ}} ''Ūmaro no Tēma'' +| extra11 = "Umaro" +| length11 = 1:54 +| title12 = The Fanatics +| note12 = {{nihongo2|狂信集団}} ''Kyōshin ShÅ«dan'' +| extra12 = "Fanatics" +| length12 = 1:47 +| title13 = Kefka's Tower +| note13 = {{nihongo2|邪神の塔}} ''Jashin no Tō'' +| extra13 = "Last Dungeon" +| length13 = 2:49 +| title14 = Dancing Mad +| note14 = {{nihongo2|妖星乱舞}} ''Yōsei Ranbu'' +| length14 = 17:35 +| title15 = Balance Is Restored +| note15 = {{nihongo2|蘇る緑}} ''Yomigaeru Midori'' +| extra15 = "Ending Theme" +| length15 = 21:29 +| title16 = The Prelude +| note16 = {{nihongo2|プレリュード}} ''PureryÅ«do'' +| length16 = 2:21 +}} + +{{listen +| filename = Final Fantasy VI OSV mix.ogg +| title = ''Final Fantasy VI Original Soundtrack'' medley +| description = A short medley of "Celes's Theme", "Terra's Theme" and "Dancing Mad" +| format = [[Ogg]] +| pos = left +}} + +{{Clear}} + +==''Final Fantasy VI Grand Finale''== +{{Infobox album +| italic_title = no +| name = Final Fantasy VI Grand Finale +| type = Soundtrack +| artist = [[Nobuo Uematsu]] +| cover = Final Fantasy VI Grand Finale.jpg +| alt = +| released = May 25, 1994 +| recorded = +| venue = +| studio = +| genre = +| length = 54:33 +| label = [[NTT Publishing]] +| producer = +| prev_title = +| prev_year = +| next_title = +| next_year = +}} + +''Final Fantasy VI Grand Finale'' is a collection of [[orchestra]]l arrangements of ''Final Fantasy VI'' music composed by Nobuo Uematsu and arranged by Shiro Sagisu and Tsuneyoshi Saito. It was initially released through NTT Publishing on May 25, 1994 under the catalog number ''PSCN-5004'' and subsequently re-released on October 1, 2004 under the catalog number ''NTCP-5004''. The arrangements are performed by the [[Milan Symphony Orchestra]], with vocal performances by Svetla Krasteva. The album spans 11 tracks and covers a duration of 54:33. + +''Final Fantasy VI Grand Finale'' sold almost 34,000 copies. It was well received by critics, though not as well as the other albums of music from the game. Daniel Space of RPGFan found that, while he was pleased with the album as a whole, there were issues with the track selections and arrangement quality that detracted from the album. Adam Corn of Soundtrack Central found that, while not without flaws, the album was "interesting and entertaining". Patrick Gann concurred, saying that while there are a few minor arrangement issues, the overall quality of the album is great. + +{{tracklist +| collapsed = yes +| headline = Track listing +| title1 = Omen ~ Terra's Theme +| length1 = 7:57 +| title2 = Kefka +| length2 = 3:24 +| title3 = Phantom Forest +| length3 = 4:46 +| title4 = Gau's Theme +| length4 = 5:18 +| title5 = Milan de Chocobo +| length5 = 5:36 +| title6 = Troops March On +| length6 = 4:25 +| title7 = Kids Run Through the City +| length7 = 3:13 +| title8 = The Airship Blackjack +| length8 = 4:16 +| title9 = Relm's Theme +| length9 = 5:38 +| title10 = Phantom Train +| length10 = 4:01 +| title11 = Aria di Mezzo Carattere +| length11 = 5:53 +}} +{{listen +| filename = Aria di Mezzo Carattere (Final Fantasy VI Grand Finale).ogg +| title = Final Fantasy VI Grand Finale +| description = Sample of "Aria di Mezzo Carattere" +| format = [[Ogg]] +| pos = left +}} +{{Clear}} + +==''Piano Collections Final Fantasy VI''== +{{Infobox album +| italic_title = no +| name = Piano Collections Final Fantasy VI +| type = Soundtrack +| artist = [[Nobuo Uematsu]] +| cover = Piano Collections Final Fantasy VI.jpg +| alt = +| released = June 25, 1994 +| recorded = +| venue = +| studio = +| genre = +| length = 41:23 +| label = [[NTT Publishing]] +| producer = +| prev_title = +| prev_year = +| next_title = +| next_year = +}} + +''Piano Collections Final Fantasy VI'' is an album of music from ''Final Fantasy VI'' composed by Nobuo Uematsu, arranged on piano by Shirou Satou and performed by Reiko Nomura. It was first published by Square and NTT Publishing on June 25, 1994 with the catalog number ''PSCN-5005''. It was subsequently republished by NTT Publishing on July 25, 2001 under the catalog number ''NTCP-1003''. The album spans 13 tracks and covers a duration of 41:23. The original release included a hard-cover piano [[Sheet Music|score]] with all pieces from the album. + +The album was well received, with Daniel Space of RPGFan terming it an "amazing CD". Sigmund Shen of Soundtrack Central concurred, calling it "an impressive CD" and "a must-have". Gary King of Soundtrack Central termed it "simply astonishing" and "a CD that really no collector should be without". + +{{tracklist +| collapsed = yes +| headline = Track listing +| title1 = Terra's Theme +| length1 = 3:36 +| title2 = Gau's Theme +| length2 = 2:20 +| title3 = Kefka +| length3 = 3:39 +| title4 = Spinach Rag +| length4 = 2:32 +| title5 = Strago's Theme +| length5 = 3:21 +| title6 = Phantom Forest +| length6 = 3:23 +| title7 = Kids Run Through the City +| length7 = 3:14 +| title8 = Johnny C. Bad +| length8 = 3:35 +| title9 = Phantom Train +| length9 = 2:36 +| title10 = The Decisive Battle +| length10 = 2:32 +| title11 = Coin of Fate +| length11 = 4:45 +| title12 = Celes's Theme +| length12 = 3:07 +| title13 = Waltz de Chocobo +| length13 = 2:36 +}} +{{listen +| filename = Tina (Final Fantasy VI Piano Collections).ogg +| title = Piano Collections Final Fantasy VI +| description = Sample of "Terra's Theme" +| format = [[Ogg]] +| pos = left +}} +{{Clear}} + +==''Final Fantasy VI Special Tracks''== +{{Infobox album +| italic_title = no +| name = Final Fantasy VI Special Tracks +| type = Soundtrack +| artist = [[Nobuo Uematsu]] +| cover = Final Fantasy VI Special Tracks.jpg +| alt = +| released = April 25, 1994 +| recorded = +| venue = +| studio = +| genre = +| length = 20:46 +| label = [[NTT Publishing]] +| producer = +| prev_title = +| prev_year = +| next_title = +| next_year = +}} +''Final Fantasy VI Special Tracks'' is an EP released on April 25, 1994, through [[NTT Publishing]] with the catalog number ''PSDN-6101''. It is composed primarily of unused or [[remix]]ed tracks for ''Final Fantasy VI'', including exclusive unused vocal track "Approaching Sentiment", as well as a remixed version of the ''[[Music of Final Fantasy IV|Final Fantasy IV]]'' track "Troian Beauty". The CD spans six tracks and covers a duration of 20:46. + +''Final Fantasy VI Special Tracks'', while not as widely reviewed as the other ''Final Fantasy VI'' albums, was seen as "very neat" by Patrick Gann, who especially liked the "Techno de Chocobo" track. + +{{tracklist +| collapsed = yes +| headline = Track listing{{nobold|}} +| title1 = Approaching Sentiment +| note1 = {{nihongo2|近づく予感}} ''Chikazuku Yokan'' +| length1 = 5:22 +| title2 = Town 2 +| note2 = {{nihongo2|街2}} ''Machi 2'' +| length2 = 2:38 +| title3 = Town 3 +| note3 = {{nihongo2|街3}} ''Machi 3'' +| length3 = 1:14 +| title4 = Troian Beauty (Remake) +| note4 = {{nihongo2|トロイア国（リメイク）}} ''Toroia koku (Rimeiku)'' +| length4 = 2:04 +| title5 = Techno de Chocobo (Another Mix) +| note5 = {{nihongo2|テクノ de チョコボ（アナザー・ミックス）}} ''Tekuno de Chocobo (Anazaa Mikkusu)'' +| length5 = 4:08 +| title6 = Approaching Sentiment (No Vocals) +| note6 = {{nihongo2|近づく予感（ボーカルレス・ヴァージョン）}} ''Chikazuku Yokan (Boukaruesu Vaajon)'' +| length6 = 5:19 +}} +{{listen +| filename = Approaching Sentiment (Final Fantasy VI Special Tracks).ogg +| title = Final Fantasy VI Special Tracks +| description = Sample of "Approaching Sentiment" +| format = [[Ogg]] +| pos = left +}} +{{Clear}} + +==Legacy== +Uematsu was personally very pleased with the way that the soundtrack for ''Final Fantasy VI'' turned out, and has said in interviews that he felt that "with the satisfaction and excitement I felt after finishing that project, I thought I had reached my primary goal, and could quit doing game music with no regrets." He stated in the liner notes for ''Piano Collections Final Fantasy VI'' that he intended the music to be emotionally moving, and entreated the listener not to think about the music, but to feel it. He also feels that the title track for ''Final Fantasy VI'' was the most challenging track he has ever made. As for ''Final Fantasy VI Grand Finale'', on the other hand, Uematsu has said that he was "not satisfied with this album at all", due to the deviation it took from his original visions for the music due to his lack of personal involvement in the arrangements. Although he did not feel that the album was a poor one, saying that if he said nothing no one would ever know of his dissatisfaction, he felt that it was not what he would have created if he had "defend[ed] the image of each piece". + +[[The Black Mages]], a band led by Nobuo Uematsu that arranges music from ''Final Fantasy'' games into a [[rock music]] style, has arranged four pieces from ''Final Fantasy VI''. These are "The Decisive Battle", "Battle", and "Dancing Mad" from ''[[The Black Mages discography#The Black Mages|The Black Mages]]'', published in 2003, and "Darkness and Starlight", based on "Opera "Maria and Draco"", from ''[[The Black Mages discography#The Black Mages III: Darkness and Starlight|The Black Mages III: Darkness and Starlight]]'', published in 2008. A lyrical version of "Kids Run Through the City", sung by [[Risa Ohki]], appears on ''[[List of Final Fantasy compilation albums#Final Fantasy: Pray|Final Fantasy: Pray]]'', a compilation album produced by Square. Additionally, a lyrical version of "Relm's Theme", sung by [[Risa Ohki]] and Ikuko Noguchi, appears on ''[[Final Fantasy Vocal Collections II: Love Will Grow|Final Fantasy: Love Will Grow]]''. + +Uematsu continues to perform certain pieces in his ''Dear Friends: Music from Final Fantasy'' concert series. The music of ''Final Fantasy VI'' has also appeared in various official concerts and live albums, such as ''[[20020220 music from Final Fantasy|20020220 Music from Final Fantasy]]'', a live recording of an orchestra performing music from the series including "Terra's Theme". In 1994, "Aria di Mezzo Carattere" was played as "Love Oath, Maria and Draco" by the [[Tokyo Philharmonic Orchestra]] for the fourth entry in their ''[[Orchestral Game Music Concerts]]'' series. Additionally, the aria was also performed by the [[New Japan Philharmonic Orchestra]] in the ''[[Tour de Japon|Tour de Japon: Music from Final Fantasy]]'' concert series. Independent but officially licensed releases of ''Final Fantasy VI'' music have been composed by such groups as Project Majestic Mix, which focuses on arranging video game music. Selections also appear on Japanese remix albums, called [[dojin music]], and on English remixing websites. In 2012, a [[Kickstarter]] campaign for [[OverClocked ReMix]] was funded at over $150,000 for the creation of a freely-released multiple-disc album of remixes of the music from the game, led by Andrew Aversa. The album, ''Balance and Ruin'', contains 74 tracks from 74 artists, each with its own unique style. + +==References== +{{reflist|refs= + +{{cite web|author1=Gann, Patrick |author2=Schweitzer, Ben | title = Final Fantasy VI OSV| publisher = RPGFan| url= http://www.rpgfan.com/soundtracks/ff6ost/index.html| accessdate = 2008-04-04 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130116212201/http://rpgfan.com/soundtracks/ff6ost/index.html |archivedate=2013-01-16 |url-status=live}} + +{{cite web| author= Thomas, Damian| title = Final Fantasy III: Kefka's Domain| publisher= RPGFan| url= http://www.rpgfan.com/soundtracks/ff3kefka/index.html| accessdate = 2008-04-04 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130116213158/http://rpgfan.com/soundtracks/ff3kefka/index.html |archivedate=2013-01-16 |url-status=live}} + +{{cite web| author= Tjan, Mark| title= FF Finest Box| url= http://www.rpgfan.com/soundtracks/ff-finest/index.html| publisher= RPGFan| accessdate = 2008-04-23 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130116222549/http://rpgfan.com/soundtracks/ff-finest/index.html |archivedate=2013-01-16 |url-status=live}} + +{{cite web| title= Final Fantasy VI Stars vol. 1| url= http://ffmusic.info/ff6stars1.html| publisher= ffmusic.info| accessdate = 2008-04-04 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120210185245/http://ffmusic.info/ff6stars1.html |archivedate=2012-02-10 |url-status=live}} + +{{cite web| title= Final Fantasy VI Stars vol. 2| url = http://ffmusic.info/ff6stars2.html| publisher= ffmusic.info| accessdate = 2008-04-04 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120210185250/http://ffmusic.info/ff6stars2.html |archivedate=2012-02-10 |url-status=live}} + +{{cite web| author= Gann, Patrick| title= Music From FFV and FFVI Video Games| url= http://rpgfan.com/soundtracks/ffanthcd/index.html| publisher = RPGFan| accessdate = 2008-03-25 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130116220413/http://rpgfan.com/soundtracks/ffanthcd/index.html |archivedate=2013-01-16 |url-status=live}} + +{{cite web| author= Square Enix Music Online| title= Final Fantasy Finest Box - Album Information| url= http://www.squareenixmusic.com/albums/f/ff4-6box.shtml| work= Square Enix Music| accessdate= 2008-04-23| archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20120719021547/http://www.squareenixmusic.com/albums/f/ff4-6box.shtml| archivedate= 2012-07-19| url-status= dead}} + +{{cite web |last=Barker |first=Andrew |title=Final Fantasy VI OST Remaster Version |url=http://www.rpgfan.com/soundtracks/ff6ost-remaster/index.html |publisher=RPGFan |date=2013-11-03 |accessdate=2013-11-05 |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6Kug2tvb6?url=http://www.rpgfan.com/soundtracks/ff6ost-remaster/index.html |archivedate=2013-11-05 |url-status=live }} + +English titles taken from the album's iTunes release. Retrieved on 2008-04-04. + +{{cite web| title= Final Fantasy VI Original Soundtrack| url= http://ffmusic.info/ff6.html| publisher= ffmusic.info| accessdate = 2008-04-04 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120716212804/http://www.ffmusic.info/ff6.html |archivedate=2012-07-16 |url-status=live}} + +{{cite web| title= SQ108: Kefka's Domain - The complete soundtrack from the Final Fantasy III video game| url= http://vgmdb.net/album/6446| publisher = vgmdb.net| accessdate = 2009-01-07 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120525092348/http://vgmdb.net/album/6446 |archivedate=2012-05-25 |url-status=live}} + +{{cite web|author1=Gann, Patrick |author2=Space, Daniel | title = Final Fantasy VI Grand Finale| publisher= RPGFan| url = http://rpgfan.com/soundtracks/ff6finale/index.html| accessdate = 2008-03-01 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130116213334/http://rpgfan.com/soundtracks/ff6finale/index.html |archivedate=2013-01-16 |url-status=live}} + +{{cite web|author1=Gann, Patrick |author2=Space, Daniel | title = Final Fantasy VI Piano Collections| url = http://rpgfan.com/soundtracks/ff6piano/index.html| publisher= RPGFan| accessdate = 2008-04-04 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130116213259/http://rpgfan.com/soundtracks/ff6piano/index.html |archivedate=2013-01-16 |url-status=live}} + +{{cite web| author = Gann, Patrick| title = Final Fantasy VI Special Tracks| url= http://www.rpgfan.com/soundtracks/ff6special/index.html| publisher= RPGFan| accessdate = 2008-04-04 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130116220629/http://rpgfan.com/soundtracks/ff6special/index.html |archivedate=2013-01-16 |url-status=live}} + +{{cite web| title= PSDN-6101: Final Fantasy VI Special Tracks| url= http://vgmdb.net/album/5424| publisher= vgmdb.net| accessdate = 2009-01-07 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120525092218/http://vgmdb.net/album/5424 |archivedate=2012-05-25 |url-status=live}} + +{{cite web| title= Final Fantasy VI Special Tracks| url = http://ffmusic.info/ff6special.html| publisher= ffmusic.info| accessdate = 2008-04-04 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120829044219/http://www.ffmusic.info/ff6special.html |archivedate=2012-08-29 |url-status=live}} + +{{cite web| title= 『FF XIII』サウンドトラックが初日TOP3入り | publisher= [[Oricon]]| date = 2010-01-28| url= http://www.oricon.co.jp/news/rankmusic/72857/| language=Japanese | accessdate = 2010-02-03 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130120065208/http://www.oricon.co.jp/news/rankmusic/72857/ |archivedate=2013-01-20 |url-status=live}} + +{{cite web|author1=King, Gary |author2=Shen, Sigmund | url = http://www.soundtrackcentral.com/cds/finalfantasy6_pianocollections.htm| title = Final Fantasy VI Piano Collections| publisher = Soundtrack Central| accessdate = 2008-04-07 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120806140341/http://www.soundtrackcentral.com/cds/finalfantasy6_pianocollections.htm |archivedate=2012-08-06 |url-status=live}} + +{{cite web|author1=Engelhorn, Isaac |author2=Fornaca, Zack |author3=Lau, Aaron |author4=Melton, Nick |author5=Turner, Jon | url= http://www.soundtrackcentral.com/cds/finalfantasy6_osv.htm| title= Final Fantasy VI Original Sound Version| publisher= Soundtrack Central| accessdate = 2008-04-07 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120806140341/http://www.soundtrackcentral.com/cds/finalfantasy6_pianocollections.htm |archivedate=2012-08-06 |url-status=live}} + +{{cite web| author = Corn, Adam| url = http://www.soundtrackcentral.com/cds/finalfantasy6_grandfinale.htm| title= Final Fantasy VI Grand Finale| publisher = Soundtrack Central| accessdate = 2008-04-07 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120722015047/http://www.soundtrackcentral.com/cds/finalfantasy6_grandfinale.htm |archivedate=2012-07-22 |url-status=live}} + +{{cite web| author= Uematsu, Nobuo| title= Gun Hazard Original Soundtrack Liner Notes| date= 1995-12-12| url= http://www.chudahs-corner.com/liners/index.php?catalog=PSCN-5044%7E5| publisher= Chudah's Corner| accessdate= 2008-04-07| archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20120522235650/http://chudahs-corner.com/liners/index.php?catalog=PSCN-5044~5| archivedate= 2012-05-22| url-status= dead}} + +{{cite web| author= Uematsu, Nobuo| title= Final Fantasy VI Piano Collections| url= http://x111.com/ffmo/Liner_Notes/ff6pc.php| publisher= Final Fantasy Music Online| accessdate= 2008-04-07| archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20120210201154/http://x111.com/ffmo/Liner_Notes/ff6pc.php| archivedate= 2012-02-10| url-status= dead}} + +{{cite web| author= D., Spence| title= Nobuo Part 2| url= http://www.ign.com/articles/2004/07/14/nobuo-part-2| publisher= IGN| accessdate= 2008-07-26| archiveurl= https://www.webcitation.org/6EFTpknmK?url=http://www.ign.com/articles/2004/07/14/nobuo-part-2| archivedate= 2013-02-07| url-status= live}} + +{{cite web| author = Uematsu, Nobuo| date = 1994-03-21| title = Final Fantasy VI Grand Finale| url = http://x111.com/ffmo/Liner_Notes/ff6gf.php| publisher = Final Fantasy Music Online| accessdate = 2008-04-07| archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20120210201200/http://x111.com/ffmo/Liner_Notes/ff6gf.php| archivedate = 2012-02-10| url-status = dead}} + +{{cite web| author= Schneider, Peer| title= Dear Friends: Music from Final Fantasy| publisher= IGN| date= 2005-05-11| url= http://www.ign.com/articles/2004/05/11/dear-friends-music-from-final-fantasy| accessdate = 2006-03-01 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130120051718/http://www.ign.com/articles/2004/05/11/dear-friends-music-from-final-fantasy |archivedate=2013-01-20 |url-status=live}} + +{{cite web| url= http://www.rpgfan.com/soundtracks/20020220/index.html| title= 20020220 - Music from Final Fantasy| publisher= RPGFan| accessdate = 2007-04-01 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130120065018/http://rpgfan.com/soundtracks/20020220/index.html |archivedate=2013-01-20 |url-status=live}} + +{{cite web| url = http://www.squareenixmusic.com/albums/dvds/tourdejapon.shtml| title = Album Information - Tour de Japon: Music from Final Fantasy DVD| publisher = Square Enix Music Online| accessdate = 2008-02-22| archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20130120065505/http://www.squareenixmusic.com/albums/dvds/tourdejapon.shtml| archivedate = 2013-01-20| url-status = dead}} + +{{cite web| author= Rzeminski, Lucy| title= Project Majestic Mix: A Tribute to Nobuo Uematsu - Gold Edition| publisher= RPGFan| date = 2002-07-02| url= http://www.rpgfan.com/soundtracks/pmm-gold/index.html| accessdate = 2008-08-13 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120619202844/http://www.rpgfan.com/soundtracks/pmm-gold/index.html |archivedate=2012-06-19 |url-status=live}} + +{{cite web| title= Game: Final Fantasy VI (SNES)| url = http://ocremix.org/game/6/final-fantasy-vi-snes| publisher= [[OverClocked ReMix]]| accessdate = 2008-04-04 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130117155004/http://ocremix.org/game/6/final-fantasy-vi-snes |archivedate=2013-01-17 |url-status=live}} + +{{cite web |last=Aversa |first=Andrew |title=Final Fantasy VI: Balance and Ruin OC Remix |url=http://ff6.ocremix.org/ |publisher=[[OverClocked ReMix]] |accessdate=2017-08-08 |url-status=live |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140904104336/http://ff6.ocremix.org/ |archivedate=2014-09-04}} + +{{cite web | script-title=ja:オリコンランキング情報サービス「you大樹」 |trans-title=Oricon Ranking Information Service 'You Big Tree' |language=Japanese |url=http://ranking.oricon.co.jp | work=[[Oricon]] |url-access=subscription |accessdate=2018-06-20}} +}} + +==External links== +* [http://na.square-enix.com/uematsu/ Nobuo Uematsu's official website] +* {{MusicBrainz release group|id=89bddb55-5e9f-3b4c-b5cd-630c7265324a|name=ファイナルファンタジー VI: オリジナル・サウンド・ヴァージョン}} +* {{MusicBrainz release group|id=21498594-e906-3572-82e0-c900408f6ae6|name=Piano Collections: Final Fantasy VI}} +* {{MusicBrainz release group|id=c07c5f0c-99b4-389b-a0a9-b2f47a1ec61d|name=ファイナルファンタジーVI SPECIAL TRACKS}} +* {{MusicBrainz release group|id=8e1e4a10-b7c2-333f-8550-ee7bf7aa135e|name=Final Fantasy VI: Grand Finale}} + +{{Final Fantasy series|FF=FFVI|state=uncollapsed}} +{{good article}} + +{{DEFAULTSORT:Final Fantasy 06}} +[[Category:Final Fantasy music]] +[[Category:Final Fantasy VI]] +[[Category:Video game soundtracks]] +[[Category:Video game music discographies]] diff --git a/en.wikipedia.org/Navajo_Mountain_High_School/article.txt b/en.wikipedia.org/Navajo_Mountain_High_School/article.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..3e5a41b --- /dev/null +++ b/en.wikipedia.org/Navajo_Mountain_High_School/article.txt @@ -0,0 +1,99 @@ +{{short description|High school in Utah, United States}} +{{Infobox school +| name = Navajo Mountain High School +| image = Navajo Mountain High School, January 2019.jpg +| imagesize = +| caption = +| motto = +| streetaddress = RESERVATION RD #16 +| city = [[Navajo Mountain, Utah|Navajo Mountain]] +| state = [[Utah]] +| zipcode = 84510 +| country = USA +| url = [http://schools.sjsd.org/navajo-mountain-high http://schools.sjsd.org/navajo-mountain-high] +| principal = +| fundingtype = [[Public school (government funded)|Public]] +| schooltype = [[High school#United States|high school]] +| grades = 9-12 +| mascot = +| conference = +| colors = +| newspaper = +| yearbook = +| founded = +| class = +| enrollment = 29 +| enrollment_as_of = 2017-2018 +| coordinates = {{Coord|37.0597|-110.7799|format=dms|display=inline,title|type:edu_region:US-UT}} +| pushpin_map = USA Utah +| pushpin_map_caption = Location of school in Utah +| pushpin_label_position = top +| us_nces_school_id = {{NCES School ID|490090000491|school_name=Navajo Mountain High|access_date=2020-03-27}} +}} + +'''Navajo Mountain High School''' is a senior high school in [[Navajo Mountain, Utah|Navajo Mountain]], an [[unincorporated area]] in [[San Juan County, Utah]], [[United States]], and within the [[Navajo Nation]]. The school, a part of the [[San Juan School District]], uses an Arizona mailing address. It is located in a low income area {{convert|35|mi|km}} away from the closest gas station; the Navajo Mountain Chapter stated that Navajo Mountain is the most isolated community in the entire Navajo Nation. + +==History== +{{expand section|date=April 2017}} +The number of staff declined after the [[Great Recession]] of 2008 even though the student body increased slightly; there were seven full-time staff members in 2009, while in 2014 there were three full-time staff members and a part-time counselor. + +By 2017 the school formed a robotics team and entered its first robotics contest. + +==Student body and staff== +{{Asof|2014}} the entire student body was [[Native Americans in the United States|Native American]]. Most of the 33 students were entirely of [[Navajo people|Navajo]] ancestry. A portion of the student body was made up of some who were entirely of [[Southern Paiute|Paiute]] ancestry. Some students had mixed ancestry of Navajo and [[Hopi people|Hopi]] and others had mixed ancestry of Navajo and Paiute. Around 33% of the students were classified as homeless, and 31 of the 33 students were enrolled in free or reduced lunch programs. + +As of that year, one staff member was both an administrator and a teacher, and there were two other teachers who worked full-time as well as a part-time counselor. In 2009 all of the school staff were full-time: one principal, one counselor, and five teachers. + +==References== +{{reflist|refs= + +{{cite web +| title = Search for Public Schools - School Detail for Navajo Mountain High +| publisher = National Center for Education Statistics +| url = https://nces.ed.gov/ccd/schoolsearch/school_detail.asp?Search=1&ID=490090000491 +| access-date = 2018-11-26 +| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190121233015/https://nces.ed.gov/ccd/schoolsearch/school_detail.asp?Search=1&ID=490090000491 +| archive-date = 2019-01-21 +| url-status = live +}} + +{{cite web +| title = Executive Summary Navajo Mountain High School +| url = http://www.advanc-ed.org/oasis2/u/par/accreditation/summary/pdf?institutionId=52772 +| publisher = [[AdvancED]] +| date = 2014-03-18 +| page = 2 +| access-date = 2017-04-27 +| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170428052320/http://www.advanc-ed.org/oasis2/u/par/accreditation/summary/pdf?institutionId=52772 +| archive-date = 2017-04-28 +| url-status = dead +}} + +{{cite web +| last = Gifford +| first = Kelly +| url = http://www.sltrib.com/home/5026348-155/tiny-navajo-mountain-school-reaches-utah?fullpage=1 +| title = Tiny Navajo Mountain school reaches Utah robotics contest +| publisher = [[Salt Lake Tribune]] +| date = 2017-03-10 +| access-date = 2017-04-27 +| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170428053132/http://www.sltrib.com/home/5026348-155/tiny-navajo-mountain-school-reaches-utah?fullpage=1 +| archive-date = 2017-04-28 +| url-status = dead +}} + +}} + +==External links== +* [http://schools.sjsd.org/navajo-mountain-high Navajo Mountain High School] + +{{San Juan County, Utah Schools}} + + +{{authority control}} + +[[Category:Schools in San Juan County, Utah]] +[[Category:Public high schools in Utah]] + + +{{Utah-school-stub}} diff --git a/en.wikipedia.org/New_York_State_Route_308/article.txt b/en.wikipedia.org/New_York_State_Route_308/article.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..dec8f1c --- /dev/null +++ b/en.wikipedia.org/New_York_State_Route_308/article.txt @@ -0,0 +1,113 @@ +{{Short description|state highway in New York, U.S.}} +{{Use mdy dates|date=November 2018}} +{{Infobox road +|state=NY +|type=NY +|route=308 +|map={{maplink|frame=yes|plain=yes|frame-align=center|frame-width=290|frame-lat=41.9483 |frame-long=-73.8591|zoom=10|type=line|raw={{Wikipedia:Map data/Wikipedia KML/New York State Route 308}}}} +|map_custom=yes +|map_notes=Map of the Rhinebeck area with NY 308 highlighted in red +|map_alt=NY 308 follows a southwest–northeast alignment from US 9 in Rhinebeck, a village located across the Hudson River from the city of Kingston, to NY 199 southeast of Red Hook. It intersects NY 9G just east of Rhinebeck. +|length_mi=6.19 +|length_round=2 +|length_ref= +|established=1930{{cite book |author = Automobile Legal Association |year = 1930 |title = Automobile Green Book: Road Reference and Tourists' Guide of All States East of Mississippi River, Eastern Ontario, Quebec and Maritime Provinces |location = Boston |publisher = Scarborough Motor Guide Co. |edition = 1930–1931 |oclc = 24448978 }} The 1930–1931 edition shows New York state routes prior to the [[1930 renumbering (New York)|1930 renumbering]].{{cite book |author = Automobile Legal Association |year = 1931 |title = Automobile Green Book: Road Reference and Tourists' Guide of All States East of Mississippi River, Eastern Ontario, Quebec and Maritime Provinces |location = [[Boston, Massachusetts|Boston]] |publisher = Scarborough Motor Guide Co. |edition = 1931–1932 |oclc = 1051679017 }} +|direction_a=West +|terminus_a={{jct|state=NY|US|9}} in [[Rhinebeck (village), New York|Rhinebeck]] +|junction={{jct|state=NY|NY|9G}} in [[Rhinebeck, New York|Rhinebeck]] +|direction_b=East +|terminus_b={{jct|state=NY|NY|199}} in [[Red Hook, New York|Red Hook]] +|counties=[[Dutchess County, New York|Dutchess]] +|previous_type=NY +|previous_route=307 +|next_type=NY +|next_route=309 +}} +'''New York State Route 308''' ('''NY 308''') is a short [[state highway]], {{convert|6.19|mi|2}} in length, located entirely in northern [[Dutchess County, New York|Dutchess County]], in the [[U.S. state]] of [[New York (state)|New York]]. It is a major [[collector road]] through a mostly rural area, serving primarily as a shortcut for traffic from the two main north–south routes in the area, [[U.S. Route 9 in New York|U.S. Route 9]] (US 9) and [[New York State Route 9G|NY 9G]], to get to [[New York State Route 199|NY 199]] and the [[Taconic State Parkway]]. The western end of NY 308 is located within [[Rhinebeck (village), New York|Rhinebeck]]'s [[Rhinebeck Village Historic District|historic district]], a {{convert|2.6|sqmi|km²|adj=on}} [[historic district]] comprising 272 historical structures. The highway passes near the Dutchess County Fairgrounds, several historical landmarks, and briefly parallels the Landsman [[Kill (body of water)|Kill]]. + +Artifacts found near Lake Sepasco, near NY 308's eastern terminus at [[Rock City, New York|Rock City]], date to about 1685, when the Sepasco [[Native Americans in the United States|Native Americans]] built the Sepasco Trail from the Hudson River, eastward through modern-day Rhinebeck (then Sepasco or Sepascoot) to the lake, following roughly NY 308 and its side roads. The trail remained until 1802, when part of the [[Ulster and Delaware Turnpike]]—also known as the Salisbury Turnpike—was chartered over the trail and extended from [[Salisbury, Connecticut]] to the [[Susquehanna River]] at or near the Town of Jericho (now [[Bainbridge (town), New York|Bainbridge]]). + +NY 308 was designated as part of the [[1930 renumbering (New York)|1930 renumbering of New York state highways]], incorporating a portion of the former Ulster and Delaware Turnpike. The route originally extended from [[Milan, New York|Milan]] westward to [[Rhinecliff, New York|Rhinecliff]] to serve a ferry landing on the [[Hudson River]]. It was truncated to US 9 in the 1960s, but its former routing to Rhinecliff is still state-maintained as an unsigned [[reference route (New York)|reference route]]. The highway was also intended to cross the Hudson via the [[Kingston–Rhinecliff Bridge]] until plans were changed to involve other routes and the site for the bridge was moved about {{convert|3|mi|0}} upriver. + +==Route description== +[[File:Downtown Rhinebeck, NY.jpg|right|thumb|NY 308's western terminus at US 9 in downtown Rhinebeck|alt=A street corner in a developed urban area with two-story ornate brick buildings and busy tree-line sidewalks under a blue sky. Traffic lights governing the intersection are red.]] + +NY 308 begins from its western terminus at an intersection with US 9 in the [[Dutchess County, New York|Dutchess County]] village of [[Rhinebeck (village), New York|Rhinebeck]], at about {{convert|200|ft|m}} in elevation.{{cite map |author = United States Geological Survey |author-link = United States Geological Survey |work = [[The National Map]] |title = Elevation Point Query Service |publisher = United States Geological Survey |access-date = November 29, 2018 |url = https://nationalmap.gov/epqs/pqs.php?x=-73.91258&y=41.92687&units=Feet&output=json |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20181129001226/https://nationalmap.gov/epqs/pqs.php?x=-73.91258&y=41.92687&units=Feet&output=json |archive-date = November 29, 2018 |url-status = live }} It is within the [[Rhinebeck Village Historic District]], a {{convert|1670|acre|km²|adj=on}} [[historic district]] that contains 272 buildings in a variety of [[architectural style]]s dating from over 200 years of the settlement's history.{{cite web |first = Marilyn |last = Hatch |title = Rhinebeck Village Walking Tour |url = http://www.rhinebeckchamber.com/history/walktour.asp |publisher = Rhinebeck Chamber of Commerce |access-date = November 18, 2007 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070107063835/http://www.rhinebeckchamber.com/history/walktour.asp |archive-date = January 7, 2007 }} One of those buildings, the [[Beekman Arms Inn]], at the corner of routes 9 and 308, claims to be the oldest continuously-operated inn in the United States.{{cite news |first = Harold |last = Faber |title = What's doing in: The Hudson Valley |date = April 14, 1991 |newspaper = [[The New York Times]] |access-date = July 20, 2008 |url = https://www.nytimes.com/1991/04/14/travel/what-s-doing-in-the-hudson-valley.html?sec=&spon=&pagewanted=2 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20091026221227/https://www.nytimes.com/1991/04/14/travel/what-s-doing-in-the-hudson-valley.html |archive-date = October 26, 2009 |url-status = live }} founded in 1766.{{cite web |author = Historical Hotels of America |title = Beekman Arms & Delamater Inn |publisher = National Trust for Historic Preservation |access-date = May 15, 2008 |url = http://www.historichotels.org/hotel/Beekman_Arms |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110517200258/https://www.historichotels.org/hotels-resorts/beekman-arms-and-delamater-inn/ |archive-date = May 17, 2011 |url-status = live }} + +The highway proceeds eastward on East Market Street for its first half-mile (800 m), passing at first two blocks of stores, then Rhinebeck's village and town halls, followed by residences. It merges with South Street where the Landsman Kill begins to parallel it closely on the south side. Between the stream and NY 308, just past this junction, is the [[Jan Pier House]], another of Rhinebeck's National Register-listed properties. +[[File:NY 308 in Rhinebeck 4.jpg|thumb|left|View east along NY 308 east of Rhinebeck|alt=A group of cars, seen from behind, traveling down a slightly curved two-lane paved road with a double-yellow stripe in the middle through an area of small fields and trees, in summertime. There are metal guardrails along the sides, longer on the left than the right, and an entranceway on the right further down with a stone and wood sign. Next to the road in the foreground of the image is a small white on blue metal sign promoting the adopt-a-highway program, with a smaller white on green metal sign with numbers and letters further down the signpost.]] +After passing Wynkoop Lane on the north NY 308 leaves the village and enters the [[Rhinebeck (town), New York|Town of Rhinebeck]]; the surrounding area becomes more rural, with more [[woodlot]]s and fields. Following the intersection with [[County Route 101 (Dutchess County, New York)|County Route 101]] (CR 101, known as Violet Hill Road) NY 308 turns northeast. Another half-mile takes it to its grade-separated intersection with [[New York State Route 9G|NY 9G]], the only state highway NY 308 crosses. After the interchange, it crosses Landsman Kill for the last time, then gradually turns east into a rural area. Between US 9 and NY 9G, NY 308 carries an [[average annual daily traffic|average]] of about 6,000 vehicles per day. East of NY 9G, the [[traffic|traffic volume]] drops to about 3,500 vehicles per day.{{cite web |author = New York State Department of Transportation |url = https://www.dot.ny.gov/tdv |title = Traffic Data Viewer |year = 2015 |publisher = New York State Department of Transportation |access-date = November 28, 2018 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20180901011453/https://www.dot.ny.gov/tdv |archive-date = September 1, 2018 |url-status = live }}{{cite web |author = New York State Department of Transportation|url = https://www.dot.ny.gov/divisions/engineering/applications/traffic-data-viewer/traffic-data-viewer-repository/TDV_Shapefile_AADT_2015.zip |title = TDV Shapefile AADT 2015 |year = 2015 |publisher = New York State Department of Transportation |access-date = November 28, 2018 }} + +Several small lakes surround NY 308 as it intersects [[County Route 52 (Dutchess County, New York)|CR 52]], Salisbury Turnpike, in the hamlet of [[Eighmyville, New York|Eighmyville]], {{convert|1.1|mi}} east of Route 9G, and subsequently turns northeast again for the next two miles (3.2 km), crossing a large area of open fields in a level area, passing between two large hills of at least {{convert|400|ft|m}}.{{cite map |author = United States Geological Survey |work = The National Map |url = https://viewer.nationalmap.gov/advanced-viewer/viewer/index.html?extent=-8234252.1282%2C5146386.6625%2C-8214684.2489%2C5154059.0292%2C102100 |publisher = United States Geological Survey |access-date = November 29, 2018 |title = Advanced Viewer }} After passing Sepasco Lake on the east, NY 308 turns east once again at Old Rock City Road. It passes just to the south of the Red Hook Golf Club before coming to an end at [[New York State Route 199|NY 199]] in [[Rock City, New York|Rock City]], a hamlet within the town of [[Milan, New York|Milan]] that is situated just east of where the Milan, [[Red Hook, New York|Red Hook]], and [[Rhinebeck (town), New York|Rhinebeck]] town lines converge.{{Google maps |url=https://maps.google.com/maps?hl=en&q=from:+E%20Market%20St/RT-308%20@41.926860,%20-73.912580+to:+RT-308%20@41.970313,%20-73.821096 |access-date=March 1, 2008}} The elevation at the east terminus is {{convert|330|ft|m}}{{cite map |author = United States Geological Survey |work = The National Map |title = Elevation Point Query Service |publisher = United States Geological Survey |access-date = November 29, 2018 |url = https://nationalmap.gov/epqs/pqs.php?x=-73.82157&y=41.97032&units=Feet&output=json }} + +==History== + +===Native Americans and old roads=== +As indicated by artifacts recovered close to the road in Milan and in other areas along the [[Hudson River]], the earliest inhabitants of the northern Dutchess County region were the [[Mohicans]], a [[Native Americans in the United States|Native American]] nation, about 3,000 years ago.{{cite web |author = Milan Concerns Committee |title = History |publisher = Milan Concerns Committee |access-date = July 14, 2008 |url = http://www.milanconcerns.com/history/history.html |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20080828195819/http://www.milanconcerns.com/history/history.html |archive-date = August 28, 2008 |url-status = live }} The range of the Mohicans extended from northern Dutchess County to the southern tip of [[Lake Champlain]], and from the [[Catskill Mountains]] to the [[Berkshires]] in [[Massachusetts]]. The total population of the Mohicans was estimated at 8,000 during the time of first contact with the [[European ethnic groups|Europeans]], although only 800 remained after the [[American Revolution]].{{cite web |author = Valatie Library |title = The Mohicans of Columbia County |publisher = Valatie Library |access-date = July 15, 2008 |url = http://www.valatielibrary.org/mohicans.htm |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20080518032311/http://valatielibrary.org/mohicans.htm |archive-date = May 18, 2008 |url-status = dead }} Artifacts were also recovered along the shore of Lake Sepasco{{snd}}a small lake NY 308 passes near its eastern terminus, including ancient arrowheads displayed at the Museum of Rhinebeck History in October 2000.{{cite web |first = Nancy V. |last = Kelly |title = October 2000 Chamber Line |year = 2000 |publisher = Rhinebeck Chamber of Commerce |access-date = July 15, 2008 |url = http://www.rhinebeckchamber.com/newsletter/0010.pdf |format = PDF |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20060520215510/http://www.rhinebeckchamber.com/newsletter/0010.pdf |archive-date = May 20, 2006 |url-status = dead }} + +A group of these Native Americans were, in deeds and correspondence, known as the Sepasco Indians, a name specific to Native Americans in the Sepasco area (modern-day Rhinebeck). The word ''Sepasco'' probably originated from the tribe's word for little river or stream, ''sepuus'', which is believed to have referred to the Landsman Kill. By 1685, a trail known as the Sepasco Trail was formed by them and was routed from the Hudson River, eastward through the present-day Village of Rhinebeck, ending at Lake Sepasco.{{cite web |first = Nancy V. |last = Kelly |title = September 2000 Chamber Line |year = 2000 |publisher = Rhinebeck Chamber of Commerce |access-date = July 15, 2008 |url = http://www.rhinebeckchamber.com/newsletter/0009.pdf |format = PDF |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20060520220114/http://www.rhinebeckchamber.com/newsletter/0009.pdf |archive-date = May 20, 2006 |url-status = dead }} The trail from the Village of Rhinebeck to Lake Sepasco follows roughly modern-day NY 308, in some areas slightly to the south, where the highway's side roads are curved in a pattern similar to that of the Sepasco Trail.{{cite book |first = Evan T. |last = Pritchard |title = Native New Yorkers: The Legacy of the Algonquin People of New York |year = 2002 |edition = 1st |location = San Francisco |publisher = Council Oak Books |isbn = 978-1-57178-107-9 |page = 453 |ref = harv }} It is possible that the trail as a whole existed as a spur of an ancient path that stretched from Rhinebeck to today's [[Cornwall, Connecticut]].{{harvp|Pritchard|2002|p= 289}}. +[[File:Sepasco Indian Trail plaque.JPG|right|thumb|A plaque at the intersection of NY 308 and US 9, placed in 1922, marks the crossing of the Kings Highway and the former Sepasco Trail.|alt=Close-up view of a plaque briefly describing the history of the adjacent road.]] +The trail remained intact until 1802, when part of the Ulster and Delaware Turnpike was chartered over it "for improving and making a road from the west line of the Town of Salisbury in the State of Connecticut to the Susquehannah{{sic}} River at or near the Town of Jericho [present-day [[Bainbridge (town), New York|Bainbridge]]]".{{cite book |author = State of New York |url = https://books.google.com/books?id=e637shhPEdMC&pg=PA113 |title = Laws of the State of New York |volume = Vol. III |year = 1804 |location = Albany, NY |publisher = Charles R. and George Webster |page = 113 }} The portion of the Ulster and Delaware Turnpike east of the [[Hudson River]] was also commonly known as the Ulster and Salisbury Turnpike. The turnpike crossed the river by way of the Kingston–Rhinecliff Ferry and used modern Rhinecliff Road and West Market Street to the village center of Rhinecliff, then followed roughly modern NY 308 to the hamlet of [[Eighmyville, New York|Eighmyville]].{{cite book |first = Mary Robinson |last = Sive |title = Lost Villages: Historic Driving Tours in the Catskills |year = 1998 |location = Delhi, NY |publisher = Delaware County Historical Association |isbn = 978-1-892289-00-1 |page = 33 }} It continued east from there using part of [[County Route 52 (Dutchess County, New York)|CR 52]] to eventually connect with [[New York State Route 199|NY 199]]. + +A bronze plaque attached to a large boulder was erected in November 1922 by Chancellor Livingston Chapter of the [[Daughters of the American Revolution]] on the property of the Beekman Arms, that marked the crossing of the Kings Highway (present-day US 9) and the Ulster and Salisbury Turnpike.{{cite book |first = Robert B. |last = Ludy |title = Historic Hotels of the World: Past and Present |year = 1927 |publisher = David McKay |location = Philadelphia |page = 112 }} Still existent, it reads "This stone marks the crossing of the Kings Highway and the Sepasco Indian Trail, later named the Ulster and Salisbury Turnpike, over which traveled the Connecticut Pioneers to their new homes in [[western New York]]."{{cite book |first = Raymond C. |last = Houghton |title = A Revolutionary War Road Trip on US Route 9: Spend a Revolutionary Day |year = 2003 |publisher = Cyber Haus |isbn = 978-1-931373-12-8 |page = 64 }} + +===Designation=== +The NY 308 designation was assigned as part of the [[1930 renumbering (New York)|1930 renumbering of New York state highways]]. At the time, it extended from the Rhinecliff ferry landing to Rock City in the town of [[Milan, New York|Milan]].{{cite map |title = Road Map & Historical Guide: New York |author = Sun Oil Company |author-link = Sun Oil Company |year = 1935 |author2 = Rand McNally and Company |author2-link = Rand McNally and Company |scale = |location = |section = }}{{full citation needed|date=November 2018}} West of US 9, NY 308 continued to follow the old turnpike alignment to Hutton Street, where it connected to the Kingston–Rhinecliff Ferry.{{cite map |author = United States Geological Survey |title = New York – Rhinebeck Quadrangle (southwestern portion) |year = 1939 |scale = 1:62,500 |series = 15 Minute Series |type = Topographic map |location = Reston, VA |publisher = United States Geological Survey |url = http://docs.unh.edu/NY/rhin39sw.jpg |access-date = April 21, 2008 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20090225144702/http://docs.unh.edu/NY/rhin39sw.jpg |archive-date = February 25, 2009 |url-status = live }} In 1947, the ferry was the only crossing of the Hudson River between [[Catskill (village), New York|Catskill]] (the [[Rip Van Winkle Bridge]]) and [[Poughkeepsie (city), New York|Poughkeepsie]] (the [[Mid-Hudson Bridge]])—a distance of {{convert|36|mi|0}}—and the only one serving the Kingston area.{{cite map |title = Official Highway Map of New York State |author1 = State of New York Department of Public Works |author-link = State of New York Department of Public Works |year = 1947 |edition = 1947–1948 |author2 = General Drafting |author2-link = General Drafting |scale = |location = Albany |publisher = State of New York Department of Public Works |section = }}{{full citation needed|date=November 2018}} + +[[File:Kingston-Rhinecliff Bridge.jpg|left|thumb|The Kingston–Rhinecliff Bridge|alt=Panorama of a bridge over a wide river with mountains visible in the distance.]] +Initial plans for the [[Kingston–Rhinecliff Bridge]], a structure that replaced the ferry between the two locations, called for the bridge to span the Hudson River between downtown Kingston (at Kingston Point) and the village of [[Rhinebeck (village), New York|Rhinebeck]] along a corridor similar to that of NY 308. Due to political and economic factors, the bridge site was moved {{convert|3|mi|0}} upstream (northward). The bridge, then partially complete, opened to traffic on February 2, 1957, at which time the ferry service between Kingston and Rhinecliff was terminated.{{cite web |url = http://www.nysba.state.ny.us/bridgepages/KRB/KRBpage/krb_page.htm |author = New York State Bridge Authority |author-link = New York State Bridge Authority |publisher = New York State Bridge Authority |title = The 'George Clinton' Kingston–Rhinecliff Bridge |access-date = November 6, 2010 |url-status = dead |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20100925145124/http://www.nysba.state.ny.us/bridgepages/KRB/KRBpage/krb_page.htm |archive-date = September 25, 2010 }} However, NY 308 continued to extend west to Rhinecliff up to the 1960s, when it was truncated to [[U.S. Route 9 in New York|US 9]] in the village of Rhinebeck.{{cite map |title = New York and Metropolitan New York |author1 = Sinclair Oil Corporation |author-link = Sinclair Oil Corporation |year = 1964 |author2 = Rand McNally and Company |scale = |location = |publisher = Sinclair Oil Corporation |section = }}{{full citation needed|date= November 2018}}{{cite book |url = http://www.greaternyroads.info/pdfs/state70.pdf |format = PDF |title = Official Description of Touring Routes in New York State |date = January 1, 1970 |author = State of New York Department of Transportation |author-link = State of New York Department of Transportation |location = Albany, New York |publisher = Traffic and Safety Division, New York State Department of Transportation |oclc = 19293841 |access-date = April 21, 2008 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20090225122503/http://www.greaternyroads.info/pdfs/state70.pdf |archive-date = February 25, 2009 |url-status = live }} The section of former NY 308 west of US 9 is now designated as NY 982M, an unsigned [[reference route (New York)|reference route]].{{cite map |url = http://gis.ny.gov/gisdata/quads/drg24/dotpreview/index.cfm?code=y47 |title = Kingston Digital Raster Quadrangle |author = New York State Department of Transportation |year = 1989 |scale = 1:24,000 |location = Albany |publisher = New York State Department of Transportation |type = Topographic map |access-date = January 20, 2010 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140521222220/http://gis.ny.gov/gisdata/quads/drg24/dotpreview/index.cfm?code=y47 |archive-date = May 21, 2014 |url-status = live }} + +==Major intersections== +{{NYinttop|length_ref={{cite book |author = Highway Data Services Bureau |url = https://www.dot.ny.gov/divisions/engineering/technical-services/hds-respository/Traffic%20Data%20Report%202008.pdf |title = 2008 Traffic Data Report for New York State |date = June 16, 2009 |format = PDF |page = 291 |publisher = [[New York State Department of Transportation]] |access-date = October 13, 2009 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120927022429/https://www.dot.ny.gov/divisions/engineering/technical-services/hds-respository/Traffic%20Data%20Report%202008.pdf |archive-date = September 27, 2012 |url-status = live }}|county=Dutchess}} +{{NYint +|location=Rhinebeck +|area=village +|lspan=2 +|mile=0.00 +|mspan=2 +|road=West Market Street ([[List of reference routes in New York#Region 8|NY 982M]]) +|notes=Continuation past US 9 +}} +{{NYint +|mile=none +|road={{jct|state=NY|US|9|name1=Mill Street / Montgomery Street|extra=hospital}} +|notes=Western terminus +}} +{{NYint +|location=Rhinebeck +|area=town +|mile=1.82 +|road={{jct|state=NY|NY|9G|NYST||road=[[Kingston-Rhinecliff Bridge|Kingston Bridge]]|to2=yes|city1=Poughkeepsie|location2=[[Germantown (town), New York|Germantown]]}} +}} +{{NYint +|location=Red Hook +|mile=6.19 +|road={{jct|state=NY|NY|199|Parkway|Taconic|to2=yes}} +|notes=Eastern terminus +}} +{{NYintbtm}} + +==See also== +*{{Portal-inline|Hudson Valley}} +*{{Portal-inline|U.S. roads}} + +==References== +{{Reflist}} + +==Further reading== +{{refbegin}} +* {{cite book |first = Shirley W. |last = Dunn |title = The Mohicans and Their Land: 1609–1730 |year = 1994 |publisher = Purple Mountain Press |isbn = 978-0-935796-49-0 }} +* {{cite book |first = Henry Noble |last = MacCracken |year = 1956 |title = Old Dutchess Forever! |location = New York |publisher = Hastings House }} +* {{cite book |first = James H. |last = Smith |title = History of Dutchess County |year = 1882 |publisher = D. Mason & Co }} +{{refend}} + +==External links== +{{Commons category|New York State Route 308}} +{{Attached KML}} +{{NYSR external links|type=N|nyroutes=yes|termini=yes|route=308}} + +{{Featured article}} + +[[Category:State highways in New York (state)|308]] +[[Category:Transportation in Dutchess County, New York]] +[[Category:Rhinebeck, New York]] diff --git a/en.wikipedia.org/Oljato_Trading_Post/article.txt b/en.wikipedia.org/Oljato_Trading_Post/article.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..498d633 --- /dev/null +++ b/en.wikipedia.org/Oljato_Trading_Post/article.txt @@ -0,0 +1,51 @@ +{{Infobox NRHP + | name = Oljato Trading Post + | nrhp_type = + | image = {{CSS image crop + |Image = Oljato Trading Post ruins, January 2019.jpg + |bSize = 400 + |cWidth = 206 + |cHeight = 142 + |oTop = 61 + |oLeft = 164 + |Location = center +}} + | caption = + | location= Oljato Road, [[Oljato-Monument Valley, Utah]] + | coordinates = {{Coord|37.036317|N|110.318205|W|display=inline,title}} + | locmapin = Utah#USA + | built = 1921 + | architecture = + | added = June 20, 1980 + | area = + | governing_body = + | refnum = 80003939 +}} + +'''Oljato Trading Post''' was a trading post located on the western edge of [[Oljato–Monument Valley, Utah]]. The site was added to the National Register of Historic Places on June 20, 1980. + +==References== +{{reflist|refs= + +{{cite web +| title = Oljato Trading Post +| date = 1980-06-20 +| website = National Park Service - NPGallery +| url = https://npgallery.nps.gov/AssetDetail/1cf6690d-fee8-43fa-b824-7fba65d4436a +| access-date = 2019-01-21 +| url-status = live +}} + +{{NRISref +|version=2013a +|dateform=iso +|accessdate=2019-01-21 +|refnum=80003939 +|name=Oljato Trading Post +}} + +}} + +[[Category:National Register of Historic Places in Utah]] +[[Category:Trading posts in the United States]] +{{Utah-NRHP-stub}} diff --git a/en.wikipedia.org/Project_Hieroglyph/article.txt b/en.wikipedia.org/Project_Hieroglyph/article.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..25175f9 --- /dev/null +++ b/en.wikipedia.org/Project_Hieroglyph/article.txt @@ -0,0 +1,143 @@ +{{Infobox website +| name = Hieroglyph +| logo = +| screenshot = +| caption = +| url = [http://hieroglyph.asu.edu/ hieroglyph.asu.edu] +| alexa = +| commercial = No +| type = +| language = [[English language|English]] +| registration = +| owner = [[Arizona State University]] +| author = [[Neal Stephenson]], Founder; Ed Finn, Editor; [[Kathryn Cramer]], Editor +| launch_date = 2012 +| current_status = +| revenue = +}} +'''Project Hieroglyph''' is an initiative to create [[science fiction]] that will spur innovation in science and technology founded by [[Neal Stephenson]] in 2011. + +Stephenson framed the ideas behind Hieroglyph in a World Policy Institute article entitled "Innovation Starvation" where he attempts to rally writers to infuse science fiction with [[optimism]] that could inspire a new generation to, as he puts it, “get big stuff done.” + +Stephenson says that "a good SF universe has a coherence and internal logic that makes sense to scientists and engineers. Examples include [[Isaac Asimov]]'s robots, [[Robert Heinlein]]'s rocket ships, and [[William Gibson]]'s [[cyberspace]]. Such icons serve as hieroglyphs—simple, recognizable symbols on whose significance everyone agrees." + +Stephenson partnered with [[Arizona State University]]'s Center for Science and the Imagination which now administers the project. + +In September 2014, the project's first book, Hieroglyph: Stories and Visions for a Better Future, edited by Ed Finn and [[Kathryn Cramer]] was published by [[William Morrow (publisher)|William Morrow]]. Contributors to the book include Neal Stephenson, [[Bruce Sterling]], [[Madeline Ashby]], [[Gregory Benford]], [[Rudy Rucker]], [[Vandana Singh]], [[Cory Doctorow]], [[Elizabeth Bear]], [[Karl Schroeder]], [[James Cambias]], [[Brenda Cooper]], [[Charlie Jane Anders]], [[Kathleen Ann Goonan]], [[Lee Konstantinou]], [[Annalee Newitz]], [[Geoffrey Landis]], [[David Brin]], [[Lawrence Krauss]], and [[Paul Davies]]. + +==See also== +*[[Collaborative innovation network]] +*[[Exploratory engineering]] +*[[Fictional technology]] +*[[Invention]] +*[[Macro-engineering]] +*[[Megaproject]] +*[[Megascale engineering]] +*[[The Mongoliad]] +*[[Retrofuturism]] +*[[Techno-progressivism]] +*[[Technological utopianism]] + +==References== +{{reflist|refs= + +{{cite web +| last = Newitz +| first = Annalee +| url = http://www.smithsonianmag.com/science-nature/Dear-Science-Fiction-Writers-Stop-Being-So-Pessimistic.html +| title = Dear Science Fiction Writers: Stop Being So Pessimistic! +| publisher = Smithsonianmag.com +| date = April 2012 +| access-date = 2012-04-14 +}} + +{{cite web +| last = Stephenson +| first = Neal +| url = http://www.worldpolicy.org/journal/fall2011/innovation-starvation +| title = Innovation Starvation +| publisher = Worldpolicy.org +| date = 2011-09-27 +| access-date = 2012-04-14 +}} + +{{cite web +| author = +| url = http://hieroglyph.asu.edu/ +| title = Hieroglyph +| publisher = Hieroglyph.asu.edu +| date = +| access-date = 2012-04-14 +}} + +{{cite web +| author = +| url = http://csi.asu.edu/ +| title = Center for Science and the Imagination, Arizona State University +| access-date = 2019-02-13 +}} + +{{cite book +| title = Hieroglyph : Stories and Visions for a Better Future +| editor-last1 = Finn +| editor-first1 = Ed +| editor-last2 = Cramer +| editor-first2 = Kathryn +| last1 = Stephenson +| first1 = Neal +| last2 = Goonan +| first2 = Kathleen Anne +| last3 = Ashby +| first3 = Madline +| last4 = Doctorow +| first4 = Cory +| last5 = Lee +| first5 = Konstantinou +| last6 = Schroeder +| first6 = Karl +| last7 = Newitz +| first7 = Annalee +| last8 = Landis +| first8 = Geoffrey +| last9 = Cambias +| first9 = James L. +| last10 = Benford +| first10 = Gregory +| last11 = Vandana +| first11 = Singh +| last12 = Cooper +| first12 = Brenda +| last13 = Bear +| first13 = Elizabeth +| last14 = Rucker +| first14 = Rudy +| last15 = Brin +| first15 = David +| last16 = Anders +| first16 = Charlie Jane +| last17 = Sterling +| first17 = Bruce +| date = 2015 +| publisher = [[William Morrow (publisher)|William Morrow]] +| location = New York +| oclc = 904576842 +| isbn = 9780062204714 +}} + + +}} + +==Further reading== +*[http://www.chron.com/opinion/outlook/article/Innovation-stagnation-is-slowing-U-S-progress-2208324.php Innovation stagnation is slowing U.S. progress] by [[David Brooks (journalist)|David Brooks]], ''[[Houston Chronicle]]'', October 7, 2011. +*[https://www.bbc.com/news/magazine-28974943 Project Hieroglyph: Fighting society's dystopian future] by Debbie Siegelbaum, [[BBC News]], Washington, September 3, 2014. + +[[Category:Adventure fiction]] +[[Category:Arizona State University]] +[[Category:Electronic literature]] +[[Category:Emerging technologies]] +[[Category:Futures studies]] +[[Category:Technology forecasting]] +[[Category:Technology in society]] +[[Category:Science fiction literature]] +[[Category:Technology development]] +[[Category:American science websites]] diff --git a/en.wikipedia.org/Railcar_mover/article.txt b/en.wikipedia.org/Railcar_mover/article.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..6260630 --- /dev/null +++ b/en.wikipedia.org/Railcar_mover/article.txt @@ -0,0 +1,50 @@ +{{Refimprove|date=November 2018}} +[[File:Mh zweiwegefahrzeug viernheim.jpeg|thumb|[[Unimog]] 405/UGN [[road–rail vehicle]] used as a rail car mover]] +[[File:Volvo L70F railcar mover.jpg|thumb|A Volvo L70F loader fitted with Aries Hyrail road–rail vehicle conversion and train braking system]] +A '''railcar mover''' is a [[road–rail vehicle]] (capable of travelling on both roads and [[rail track]]s) fitted with [[Railway coupling|couplers]] for moving small numbers of [[railroad car]]s around in a [[rail siding]] or small [[Classification yard|yard]]. They are extensively used by railroad customers because they are cheaper than owning a [[switcher]] [[locomotive]], more convenient and cheaper than paying the railroad operator to do the switching, easier and more productive than manual moving of cars, and in addition they are more versatile since they can travel on road wheels to the cars they need to move, instead of needing clear track. + +==Manufacturers== +Numerous manufacturers produce railcar movers, in multiple countries. +=== North America === +[[File:TuVM Stade, Whiting Trackmobile.jpg|thumb|TuVM Stade, Whiting Trackmobile]] +North American brands include Trackmobile,[https://trackmobile.com/why-trackmobile/?gclid=CjwKCAjw9vn4BRBaEiwAh0muDKiiLEpXj4bHGNbPzCXZbkC0LjPobnemAtLKmVbMz0C6syXCPOSh1BoCZvQQAvD_BwE Trackmobile] Nordco Shuttlewagon,[https://www.nordco.com/Products/Mobile-Material-Handling.htm Shuttlewagon] BOSS,[https://bossrcm.com/ BOSS] Rail King [https://railking.net/ Rail King] and Geismar.[http://geismar-mtm.com/index.html Geismar] + +===Ireland=== +An Irish brand is Unilokomotive. + +===Germany=== +[[Germany|German]] brands include [[Unimog]], [[Zwiehoff]], [[UMEL]] and [[Zweiweg]]. + +===Italy=== +Italian brands are Colmar and Zephir. + +===North America=== +[[File:BOSS Railcar Movers.jpg|thumb|BOSS Railcar Movers]] +A [[North American|North American]] brand is [[USA (company)|USA]]. +{{clear}} + +== Gallery == + +File:Rail Car Mover Electric Zephir.png +File:Viernheim gueterzug 100 0376.jpg|A [[Zephir LOK]] 10.170 +File:Shunting vehicle 01.JPG|Shunting vehicle ([[Unimog]]) +File:Shunting vehicle UCA-TRAC Fastrac.JPG|Shunting vehicle [[UCA-TRAC F]]24. Note the [[buffers and chain coupler]]. +File:Shunting vehicle UCA-TRAC B16.jpg|Shunting vehicle [[UCA-TRAC B]]16 +File:Road-rail vehicle train brake control.jpg|Road–rail vehicle train brake control +File:AUSA aries hyrail railcar mover.jpg|A USA telehandler fitted with train coupler and train brake system +File:Hamler Rail King.jpg|A Rail King rail car mover shunts a few grain hoppers across the Marion Street rail crossing in [[Hamler, Ohio|Hamler]], [[Ohio]], United States. +File:Unilok E55s of Lesico.jpg|Unilok E55s of Lesico company. [[Jerusalem-Tel Aviv Railway]] +File:Shuttlewagon NVX-8050.jpg|Nordco NVX-8040 +File:Titan on rails.JPG|TrackMobile Titan +File:QC-STM-Duplex82-703 20040530-170434.jpg|Heavy [[Montreal Metro#Rolling stock maintenance|STM]] work trains are hauled with sizeable tractors such as this 1966 "Duplex". Traction is effected through the rubber-tired wheels, and guidance through the retractable flanged wheels. This Road-rail vehicle can also operate on the road. + +{{Commons category|Rail car movers}} + +== See also == +* [[Road–rail vehicle]] + +==References== + + +[[Category:Rolling stock]] +[[Category:Land vehicles]] diff --git a/en.wikipedia.org/Russian_roulette/article.txt b/en.wikipedia.org/Russian_roulette/article.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..ae9e706 --- /dev/null +++ b/en.wikipedia.org/Russian_roulette/article.txt @@ -0,0 +1,151 @@ +{{Other uses}} +{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2019}} +[[File:Nagant Revolver.jpg|300px|thumb|right|A Russian [[Nagant M1895]] [[revolver]]]] +'''Russian roulette''' ({{lang-ru|русская рулетка}}, ''russkaya ruletka'') is a lethal [[game of chance]] in which a player places a single [[Cartridge (firearms)|round]] in a [[revolver]], spins the [[Cylinder (firearms)|cylinder]], places the muzzle against their head, and pulls the [[Trigger (firearms)|trigger]] in hopes that the loaded chamber does not align with the [[Hammer (firearms)|primer percussion mechanism]] and the barrel, causing the weapon to discharge. ''Russian'' refers to the supposed country of origin, and ''roulette'' to the element of risk-taking and the spinning of the revolver's cylinder, which is reminiscent of a spinning [[roulette]] wheel. + +The deadly game is commonly associated with six-shot revolvers. If such is the case, [[expected value|mathematically]], the average number of consecutive pulls of the trigger before the gun discharges is 3.5. After a single spin, the probability of it firing is {{frac|6}}, followed by {{frac|5}} on the second pull, {{frac|4}} on the 3rd pull and so on, until if it failed to fire 5 times, the probability is {{frac|1}} (=1) on the final pull.{{cite web|url=http://statisticalideas.blogspot.com/2015/06/abnormal-risks.html|title=Abnormal risks|website=Statistical Ideas|date=1 June 2015|access-date=21 June 2017|archive-url=https://archive.today/20191106183440/https://statisticalideas.blogspot.com/2015/06/abnormal-risks.html|archive-date=6 November 2019|url-status=live}} If the cylinder is re-spun after each trigger pull, the probability of firing remains 1 in 6 on each occasion, and the probability of it having fired after 6 pulls is 1-(\tfrac{5}{6})^6, or about 66.5%. + +==Origin== +According to Andrew Clarke, the first trace of Russian roulette can be found in the story "The Fatalist" of 1840, part of the collection ''[[A Hero of Our Time]]'' by [[Mikhail Lermontov]], a Russian poet and writer.{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=k5gD8SCymTU&list=PLFNYsCQU-KaMPQX8whHd19K6syiywZxwd&index=2&t=2s|title=The Deer Hunter Roberto Leoni Movie Reviews|publisher=YouTube|access-date=13 October 2019}} In the story the protagonist of the novel, Grigory Alexandrovich Pechorin, says there is no predestination and proposes a bet emptying about twenty gold pieces onto the table. A lieutenant of the dragoons of the tsar of Serbian origin, Vulič, with passion for gambling, accepts the challenge and randomly takes one of the various-caliber pistols from its nail, cocks it and pours powder on the shelf. Nobody knows if the pistol is loaded or not. Vulič asks: "Gentlemen! Who will pay 20 gold pieces for me?", putting the muzzle of the pistol to his forehead. Then he asks Gregory to throw a card in the air and when this card touches the ground, he shoots. Fortunately, nothing happens, because the blow fails, but when Vulič cocks the pistol again, and aims it at the service cap hanging over the window, a shot rings out and smoke fills the room.{{cite web|url=https://kittylevin.livejournal.com/29535.html|title=The Fatalist. Mikhail Lermontov. English Translation.|publisher=LiveJournal.com|access-date=13 October 2019}} + +The game spread among Russian garrison officials, becoming a foolish courage challenge. It became a way to alleviate the boredom of the long hours in distant garrisons; it also became an undertaking that, in the eyes of its players, superseded the duel.{{cn|date=July 2020}} + +==Etymology== +The term ''Russian roulette'' was possibly first used in a 1937 short story of the same name by [[Georges Surdez]]: + +{{quote|'Did you ever hear of Russian Roulette?' When I said I had not, he told me all about it. When he was with the Russian army in {{Not a typo|Rumania}}{{sic}}, around 1917, and things were cracking up, so that their officers felt that they were not only losing prestige, money, family, and country, but were being also dishonored before their colleagues of the Allied armies, some officer would suddenly pull out his revolver, anywhere, at the table, in a café, at a gathering of friends, remove a cartridge from the cylinder, spin the cylinder, snap it back in place, put it to his head and pull the trigger. There were five chances to one that the hammer would set off a live cartridge and blow his brains all over the place.}} + +==Notable incidents== +* In a 1946 U.S. legal case, ''[[Commonwealth v. Malone]],'' 47 A.2d 445 (1946), a [[Pennsylvania]] teenager's conviction for murder in the second degree as a result of shooting a friend was upheld by the [[Pennsylvania Supreme Court]]. In this case, the teenagers involved played a modified version of Russian roulette, called Russian poker, in which they took turns aiming and pulling the trigger of the revolver at each other, rather than at their own heads. The court ruled that "When an individual commits an act of gross recklessness without regard to the probability that death to another is likely to result, that individual exhibits the state of mind required to uphold a conviction of [[manslaughter]] even if the individual did not intend for death to ensue."{{cite web |url=http://www.casebriefs.com/blog/law/criminal-law/criminal-law-keyed-to-kadish/homicide/commonwealth-v-malone/2/ |title=Commonwealth v. Malone|work=casebriefs.com |access-date=26 July 2014}} +* In ''[[The Autobiography of Malcolm X]],'' [[Malcolm X]] recalls an incident during his burglary career when he once played Russian roulette, pulling the trigger three times in a row to convince his partners in crime that he was not afraid to die. In the epilogue to the book, [[Alex Haley]] states that Malcolm X revealed to him that he [[palming|palmed]] the round.{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2005/05/19/arts/design/19malccut.html|title=The Personal Evolution of a Civil Rights Giant|first=Edward|last=Rothstein|date=19 May 2005|access-date=21 June 2017|via=NYTimes.com}} The incident is portrayed in the [[Malcolm X (1992 film)|1992 film adaptation]] of the autobiography. +* On December 25, 1954, American [[blues]] musician [[Johnny Ace]] killed himself in [[Texas]], after a gun he pointed at his own head discharged. A report in ''[[The Washington Post]]'' attributed this to Russian roulette.{{cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/lifestyle/1998/12/25/really-old-school-with-punk-zip/1ca39f04-4405-4311-8c6c-ed2ab5a01981/|title=Really Old School|work=[[Washington Post]]|date=December 25, 1998|first=Geoffrey|last=Himes}} +* [[Graham Greene]] relates in his first autobiography, ''[[A Sort of Life]]'' (1971), that he played Russian roulette, alone, a few times as a teenager. +*On July 24, 1973, [[Dallas Police Department|Dallas Police]] Officer Darrell L. Cain fatally shot [[Murder of Santos Rodriguez|Santos Rodriguez]], a 12-year-old [[Mexican Americans|Mexican-American]] child, while interrogating him and his brother about a burglary. Cain shot Rodriguez while conducting Russian roulette on the brothers in an attempt to force a confession from them. +* On September 10, 1976, Finnish magician {{ill|Aimo Leikas|fi}} killed himself in front of a crowd while performing his Russian roulette act in [[Hartola, Finland|Hartola]]. He had been performing the act for about a year, selecting six bullets from a box of assorted live and dummy ammunition.{{cite magazine |url=http://www.circushistory.org/Publications/CircusReport20Sep1976.pdf |title=In Memoriam |work=The Circus Report |date=20 September 1976 |volume=5 |number=38 |page=2 |access-date=2013-06-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120903213446/http://www.circushistory.org/Publications/CircusReport20Sep1976.pdf |archive-date=2012-09-03 |url-status=dead }}{{cite news|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1350&dat=19760910&id=rD0xAAAAIBAJ&sjid=VgIEAAAAIBAJ&pg=6876,2739715|title=Russian Roulette Act Misfires, Finnish Circus Performer Killed|work=[[Toledo Blade]]|date=September 10, 1976|page=11|via=[[Google News]]|access-date=21 June 2017}} +* [[John Hinckley, Jr.]], who [[Reagan assassination attempt|attempted to assassinate]] President [[Ronald Reagan]] in 1981, was known to have played Russian roulette, alone, on two occasions.{{cite book +|last= Garbus +|first= Martin +|title=Courting Disaster: The Supreme Court and the Unmaking of American Law +|url=https://archive.org/details/courtingdisaster00garb +|url-access= registration +|page= [https://archive.org/details/courtingdisaster00garb/page/135 135] +|edition=hardcover +|date= 2002-09-17 +|orig-year=2002 +|publisher=Times Books +|isbn=978-0-8050-6918-1}} Hinckley also took a picture of himself in 1980, pointing a gun at his head.{{cite web |url=http://www.law.umkc.edu/faculty/projects/ftrials/hinckley/hinkleygun2.jpg |title=Archived copy |access-date=2008-12-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081122220144/http://www.law.umkc.edu/faculty/projects/ftrials/hinckley/hinkleygun2.jpg |archive-date=2008-11-22 |url-status=dead }} +* On October 12, 1984, while waiting for filming to resume on ''[[Cover Up (TV series)|Cover Up]]'' (1985), actor [[Jon-Erik Hexum]] played Russian roulette with a [[.44 Magnum]] [[revolver]] loaded with a [[Blank (cartridge)|blank]]. The blast fractured his skull and caused massive cerebral hemorrhaging when bone fragments were forced through his brain. He was rushed to Beverly Hills Medical Center, where he was pronounced brain dead.{{cite news |url=http://www.ew.com/ew/article/0,,304026,00.html |title=Jon-Erik Hexum's Fatal Joke |date=14 October 1994 |work=[[Entertainment Weekly]] |access-date=5 February 2013}} +* [[Public Broadcasting Service|PBS]] claims that [[William Shockley]], co-inventor of the [[transistor]] and winner of the [[Nobel Prize for Physics]], had attempted suicide by playing a solo game of Russian roulette.[https://www.pbs.org/transistor/album1/shockley/shockley2.html Transistorized!], Public Broadcasting Service, 1999. +* On October 5, 2003, psychological illusionist [[Derren Brown]] appeared to take part in a game of [[List of works by Derren Brown#Derren Brown Plays Russian Roulette Live (2003)|Russian roulette live]] on UK television. Two days later, a statement by the police said they had been informed of the arrangements in advance, and were satisfied that "There was no live ammunition involved and at no time was anyone at risk."{{cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/3169388.stm |title=Roulette gun stunt 'a hoax' |work=BBC News |date=2003-10-07 |access-date=2007-09-02 }} +* The BBC program ''[[Who Do You Think You Are? (British TV series)|Who Do You Think You Are?]],'' on 13 September 2010, featured the actor [[Alan Cumming]] investigating his grandfather Tommy Darling, whom he discovered had died playing Russian roulette while serving as a police officer in [[British Malaya]]. The family had previously believed he had died accidentally while cleaning his gun.BBC1 13 September 2010. +* On June 11, 2016, [[Mixed martial arts|MMA]] fighter Ivan "JP" Cole apparently killed himself by playing Russian roulette.{{cite news|title=MMA fighter 'killed himself playing Russian roulette' |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2016/06/13/mma-fighter-killed-himself-playing-russian-roulette/ |access-date=13 June 2016|date=13 June 2016|first=Adam|last=Boult|work=[[The Daily Telegraph|The Telegraph]]}} + +==In popular culture== + +===Fiction=== +* In the 1973 comic-album ''[[Le Grand Duc]]'', [[Lucky Luke]] guides a Russian grand duke through the [[Old West]]. The grand duke conducts negotiations through Russian roulette, said to be popular at the Czar's court.{{cite web|url=http://theslingsandarrows.com/lucky-luke-the-grand-duke/|title=Slings & Arrows|website=theslingsandarrows.com|access-date=21 June 2017}} +* In the 1982 ''[[Judge Dredd]]'' story ''[[The Apocalypse War]]'', War Marshal Kazan, the main antagonist, forces his second-in-command Judge Izaaks to play one round of Russian roulette every day of his life until he finally ends up shooting himself. Kazan himself is killed before this can happen.''2000AD'' progs 245–267, 269–270 +*A variant of Russian roulette called "hillbilly roulette", which involves loading a gun with three chambers, and aiming as close as possible to another person's head without hitting them, and requires the person firing the gun to drink a shot of 80 [[Alcohol proof|proof]] or stronger liquor (usually whiskey or moonshine) before each round of play, is referenced extensively in the 2016 novel ''Nobody's Property''.{{failed verification|date=May 2020}} +* In [[Anthony Horowitz]]'s [[Alex Rider]] novel [[Russian Roulette (novel)|''Russian Roulette'']], the titular game plays a pivotal role in the character arc of protagonist Yassen Gregorovich. This included him playing reversed Russian Roulette, which involved placing bullets in 5 of the 6 chambers, thus increasing the odds of the gun discharging. +* In [[Boris Akunin]]'s [[The Winter Queen (novel)|''The Winter Queen'']], the first book in the [[Erast Fandorin]] series, Russian roulette is the chosen method of duel between two characters, Pyotr Kokorin and Akhtyrtsev. The game is called American roulette, however, and Pyotr claims that their duel will be so significant that the name would be changed to Russian roulette. + +===Film=== +* In the 1948 film "Unfaithfully Yours", Rex Harrison fantasizes playing Russian Roulette for the hand of Linda Darnell. He explains the "game" in detail, and its invention by Tsarist officers, as though the audience would not be familiar with it. +* In the 1955 film ''[[Smiles of a Summer Night]]'', two characters play Russian roulette for a woman. +* In the 1965 horror film ''[[The Skull]]'', [[Peter Cushing]]'s character is tortured by being forced to play Russian roulette. +* In the 1975 film ''[[Royal Flash (film)|Royal Flash]]'', set in the 1840s, the antagonist Rudi von Sternberg claims to have invented the game, calling it "Hungarian Roulette". He plays it with a [[pepper-box]] pistol, a type of weapon that was the historical precursor of the modern revolver. +* The 1975 film ''[[Sholay]]'' portrays a villain, [[Gabbar Singh (character)|Gabbar Singh]], who uses Russian roulette to punish three members of his own gang.{{cite web|url=http://www.thehindu.com/thehindu/edu/2002/01/01/stories/2002010100050203.htm|title=How is the word "Roulette" pronounced?|last=B.Srinivasan|date=January 1, 2002|website=www.thehindu.com|access-date=19 March 2017}} +* The 1978 film ''[[The Deer Hunter]]'' features three American soldiers who are captured during the [[Vietnam War]] and forced to play Russian roulette as their captors gamble on the results. Their captors demand an especially brutal variation of the game: the game is played until all but one contestant is killed. The game takes place in a bamboo room above where the other prisoners are held, so that the losers' blood drips down on future contestants. Several teen deaths following the movie's release caused police and the media to blame the film's depiction of Russian roulette, saying that it inspired the youths.{{cite web |url=http://www.snopes.com/movies/films/deerhunter.asp |title=The Deer Hunter Suicides |date=August 16, 2007 |publisher=[[Snopes]] |access-date=April 26, 2013}} +* In the 1986 movie ''[[Crawlspace (1986 film)|Crawlspace]]'', the main character uses Russian roulette to determine his own fate.{{cite book |last=Muir |first=John |title=Horror Films of the 1980s |url={{GBurl|VJ1vcmaOd7wC|p=484}} |page=484 }} +* In the 1997 film ''[[Airbag (film)|Airbag]]'', the characters play a (rigged) variant called ''Russian omelette'', where six mushroom omelettes are cooked and eaten, five of them made with generic [[boletus]] but a random one with [[Death cap|death caps]]. +* In the 1997 film ''[[One Eight Seven]]'', [[Samuel L. Jackson]]'s character is forced to play Russian roulette.{{cn|date=May 2020}} +* In the 1997 film ''[[Bad Day on the Block]]'', [[Charlie Sheen]]'s character forces family members to play Russian roulette.{{cn|date=May 2020}} +* In the 2005 film ''[[13 Tzameti]]'', thirteen men identified by number must undergo a series of Russian roulette games, arranging themselves into a circle and pointing their revolver at the man in front of them. Spectators place bets on who will survive. +* In the 2006 [[Bollywood]] film ''[[Dhoom 2]]'', Aryan ([[Hrithik Roshan]]) forces a hysterical Sunehri ([[Aishwarya Rai]]) to play Russian roulette.{{cn|date=May 2020}} +* In the 2007 Bollywood film ''[[Dhamaal]]'', Deshbandhu Roy ([[Riteish Deshmukh]]) snatches Inspector Kabir Nayak's ([[Sanjay Dutt]]) revolver and plays Russian roulette with him, unaware of the fact that it is loaded.{{cn|date=May 2020}} +* In the film ''[[Kiss Kiss Bang Bang]]'', [[Robert Downey Jr.]]'s character uses Russian roulette to intimidate a criminal by pointing a six-shot revolver containing one round at the criminal's head. He pulls the trigger and the gun fires, killing the criminal instantly. +* In the 2013 Australian film ''[[These Final Hours]]'', Russian roulette is played in "The party to end all parties". +* In the film ''[[ABCs of Death 2]]'', three characters are seen playing Russian roulette in the scene "R is for Roulette". They play a variant where they do not re-spin the chamber between pulls so one of them would certainly get the bullet and avoid being captured by the Nazi regime.{{Citation needed|reason=No reference to Nazis is made in the film itself|date=September 2017}} The "winner" (who is certain to get the bullet) decides to shoot his lover in an act of mercy before they are all eventually captured. +* In the 2017 Chinese film ''[[Kill Me Please (Chinese film)|Kill Me Please]]'', [[Wang Xun (actor)|Wang Xun]]'s character seeks suicide by visiting Thailand and playing Russian roulette in a bar.{{cn|date=May 2020}} +* In the 2017 Tamil film ''[[Bairavaa]]'', Bairavaa ([[Vijay (actor)|Vijay]]) intimidates Kottai Veeran ([[Daniel Balaji]]) using his revolver and plays Russian roulette to himself, which he strategically evades. +*In the 2020 film ''[[Money Plane]]'', Russian roulette is played on an airborne casino. + +===Television=== +* In the 1951 [[Friz Freleng]]-directed [[Bugs Bunny]] cartoon ''[[Ballot Box Bunny]]'', in the often censored ending, after both Bugs and [[Yosemite Sam]] lose a mayoral election to a literal "[[dark horse]] candidate", Bugs invites Sam to play Russian roulette. Sam pulls the trigger, but does not get shot. Just as Bugs is about to put the gun to his head, the cartoon irises out and the audience hears a shot. The iris opens back up to reveal Bugs missed and ended up hitting Sam, who survives. +* ''[[MAD Magazine]]'' published in 1963 the [[Sergio Aragonés]] cartoon ''Russian "Russian Roulette"'', in which six men play the game without spinning the chamber of a revolver between turns. When the last (and doomed) man gets the gun, he fires it back through the heads of the other five.{{cite web|url=https://www.flickr.com/photos/zeldman/8531609233/|title=Sergio Aragones, genius cartoonist of Mad Magazine. From the early 1960s.|website=Flickr|access-date=21 June 2017}}{{cite journal|title=Russian 'Russian Roulette'|author=Aragonés, Sergio|journal=MAD|date=July 1963|issue=80|publisher=E.C. Publications, Inc.}} +* In the 1980 [[Hong Kong]] TV series ''[[The Bund (TV series)|The Bund]]'', the protagonist Hui confronts his rival, Fung, over a game of Russian roulette, and survives.{{cn|date=May 2020}} +* A 1990 episode from ''[[Tales from the Crypt (TV series)|Tales from the Crypt]]'', "Cutting Cards", portrayed two rival gamblers playing a game of Russian roulette, with one accusing the other of using "dud" ammunition.{{cn|date=May 2020}} +* A 1988 episode of ''[[Friday the 13th: the Series]]'' features a compulsive gambler whose creditors force him to play Russian roulette in front of spectators who bet on the outcome, in order to settle a debt.Episode: "Tattoo", first season, episode 16 +* During the third season of television series [[24 (season 3)|''24'']], [[Jack Bauer]] is forced by convicted criminals to play Russian roulette during a [[prison riot]].{{cite web|url=http://www.tv.com/shows/24/day-3-500-p-m-600-p-m--264920/|title=24: Day 3: 5:00 P.M. - 6:00 P.M.|last=TV.com|website=TV.com|access-date=21 June 2017}} +* On the TV series ''[[The Wild Wild West]]'' the two main characters, Gordon and West, were tormented by their Russian captor with a game of Russian roulette. This was done at West's request to stall their execution and buy time to free their bonds to escape in the episode "The Night of the Tartar".{{cn|date=May 2020}} +*In ''[[Hinterland (TV series)|Hinterland]]'' season 2 episode 2 (2014), Bell and DCI Mathias each play one round of Russian roulette.{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/tv-and-radio/2015/sep/11/hinterland-y-gwylls-richard-harrington-everybody-around-me-sounded-like-pingu|date=September 11, 2015|work=[[The Guardian]]|title=Hinterland / Y Gwyll's Richard Harrington: 'Everybody around me sounded like Pingu'|first=Andrew|last=Collins}} +*In ''[[Peaky Blinders (TV series)|Peaky Blinders]]'' series 3 episode 4, Duchess Tatiana Petrovna plays Russian roulette with Tommy's gun, to his horror and dismay, and she unsuccessfully urges him to play, too, advising him it is exhilarating. When the gun does not fire, she says it is God's will.{{cite news|work=The Guardian|url=https://www.theguardian.com/tv-and-radio/2016/may/26/peaky-blinders-recap-series-three-episode-four-sickeningly-good|date=May 26, 2016|title=Peaky Blinders Recap Series Three, Episode 4, Sickeningly Good}}{{cite news|url=http://www.express.co.uk/showbiz/tv-radio/674245/Peaky-Blinders-series-3-review-Cillian-Murphy-Steve-Knight-Helen-McCrory-BBC|title=Peaky Blinders series 3, episode 4 review: A terrifying, unpredictable rollercoasterepisode 4 review: A terrifying, unpredictable rollercoaster +|author=Debnath, Neela|date=May 26, 2016|work=Express}} +* In the episode "Venezuela" of ''[[Banged Up Abroad]]'', James Miles and Paul Loseby voice their utter shock and horror when they discover the prisoners playing Russian roulette. After having his appeal refused and facing a 10-year sentence, as well as due to the harshness of the prison life and complete lack of self-esteem, James eventually participates in the game.Series 2, episode 1 – "Venezuela" +* In the 2014 first season of the [[Italy|Italian]] TV series [[Gomorrah (TV series)|''Gomorrah'']], [[Camorra]] member Ciro is forced to participate in a game of Russian roulette in order to seal a business deal between the Camorra and a [[Russian Mafia]] crew. +*In 2002, [[Game Show Network]] debuted a television [[game show]] called ''[[Russian Roulette (game show)|Russian Roulette]]''. It was hosted by [[Mark L. Walberg]].{{cn|date=May 2020}} +* In season 3, episode 8 (2015) of ''[[The Eric Andre Show]]'', Eric plays Russian roulette during a performance of the band [[Health (band)|Health]].{{cite web |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FBgB1GCn6pA |title=HEALTH | The Eric Andre Show | Adult Swim |author= |date=13 January 2015 |website=YouTube |publisher=Adult Swim |access-date=28 August 2020}} +*In 2017's ''[[Money Heist]]'', Tokyo plays Russian roulette with Berlin.{{cite web|url=https://www.antena3.com/series/casa-de-papel/mejores-momentos/tokio-pone-en-marcha-una-sadica-ruleta-rusa-contra-berlin_2017101659e52b8d0cf27ece4d491a5f.html|title=Tokio pone en marcha una sádica ruleta rusa contra Berlín|website=antena3.com|access-date=3 August 2020}} + +===Musicals=== +* In the 1973 [[Stephen Sondheim]] musical ''[[A Little Night Music]]'', Count Carl-Magnus Malcolm challenges Fredrik Egerman to a game of Russian roulette to settle a romantic feud. A nervous Fredrik accidentally shoots himself in the ear, and Carl-Magnus declares himself the winner.{{cite web|url=http://www.theatrehistory.com/american/a_little_night_music_001.html|title=A Little Night Music|website=www.theatrehistory.com|access-date=21 June 2017}} + +===Music=== +* On the 1986 Megadeth album ''Peace Sells... But Who's Buying?'', the song "My Last Words" is about playing Russian roulette, and how it draws in the player even though the possibility of death is very real. +* In 2001, in their debut album ''[[Ompa til du dør]]'', Norwegian band [[Kaizers Orchestra]] included numerable references to Russian roulette, most notably in the songs "Rulett", "Fra sjÃ¥før til passasjer", and "Resistansen".{{cite web|url=http://www.lyricsbox.com/kaizers-orchestra-album-ompa-til-du-dor-xj8ksg.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120721165309/http://www.lyricsbox.com/kaizers-orchestra-album-ompa-til-du-dor-xj8ksg.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=21 July 2012|title=Kaizers Orchestra album lyrics – Ompa til du Dør|access-date=22 September 2014}} +*[[Lady Gaga]]'s song "[[Poker Face (Lady Gaga song)|Poker Face]]" makes a reference to Russian roulette with lyrics "Russian roulette is not the same without a gun". +* Pop Singer [[Rihanna]] released a song titled "Russian Roulette" in October 27, 2009. It is a Pop and RnB ballad and exhibits morbid and dark elements in its composition. Music critics have opined that this song is a reflection of her abusive relationship with former boyfriend [[Chris Brown]]. +* South Korean girl group [[Spica (group)|Spica]] released their debut song titled "Russian Roulette". The full-length music video was released on February 8, 2012. Promotions for "Russian Roulette" began two days later on M! Countdown. The lyrics of the song were later modified in order to meet MBC's broadcasting standards. +* In September 2016, the South Korean girl group [[Red Velvet (group)|Red Velvet]] released their third [[extended play]] with the title "Russian Roulette", with a lead single of the same name. Its lyrics compare the process of winning someone's heart with a game of Russian roulette and its music video features the girls sabotaging each other with fatal (off-screen) consequences, such as dropping pianos on the other members and pushing each other into empty swimming pools, drawing parallels to the lethality of Russian roulette. +* In 2017 [[Tekashi 6ix9ine]], [[Zillakami]], and [[Sosmula]] made a song called "Sinaloa". In the song Zillakami sings the lyrics "Russian roulette with a full clip, Glock, no reload" Signifying he would play russian roulette with a full magazine, and with a [[Glock]] (a semiautomatic pistol, with no barrel to spin) – in other words, guaranteed death. + +===Video games=== +* In the 2005 video game ''[[Killer7]]'', Benjamin Keane invites Garcian Smith to play a game of Russian Roulette, giving him two choices: If Garcian wins, Keane will reveal an infallible method to successfully hit on women; if Garcian loses, he will have to assassinate the U.S. President. +* In the 2010 video game ''[[Call of Duty: Black Ops]]'', featured characters are forced to play Russian roulette, heavily inspired by the scene from ''The Deer Hunter''.{{cite web |url=https://www.theguardian.com/technology/gamesblog/2010/nov/09/call-of-duty-black-ops-review |title=Call of Duty: Black Ops – review |last1=Stuart |first1=Keith |date=November 9, 2010 |work=[[The Guardian]] |access-date=May 15, 2013}} +* In the 2012 video game ''[[Danganronpa 2: Goodbye Despair]]'', one of the challenges presented to students in the game's fourth chapter is a one-player Russian roulette game, which is played by Gundham Tanaka and Nagito Komaeda on two separate occasions. The latter plays an inverted version with five bullets and one empty chamber, surviving thanks to his "ultimate lucky student" talent. Tanaka plays with one bullet and also survives. +* In June 2017, the video game ''Super Russian Roulette'' was released for the [[Nintendo Entertainment System]]. The game involves pointing the [[NES Zapper|Zapper]] [[Light gun|light-gun]] accessory at the players' own heads, facing off against a computer-generated cowboy and up to three human players.{{cite web|url=https://www.kickstarter.com/projects/batslyadams/super-russian-roulette-a-new-party-game-for-the-ne/description|title=Super Russian Roulette: A New Party Game for the NES|website=Kickstarter|language=en-US|access-date=2017-07-06}}{{cite web|url=https://www.kickstarter.com/projects/batslyadams/super-russian-roulette-a-new-party-game-for-the-ne/posts/1917589|title=Update 16: State of the Saloon — Shipping Update #2 · Super Russian Roulette: A New Party Game for the NES|website=Kickstarter|language=en-US|access-date=2017-07-06}}{{cite web|url=https://www.superrussianroulette.com/collections/frontpage|title=Shop|website=Batlab Electronics|language=en|access-date=2017-07-06}}{{Dead link|date=July 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} +* In the 2018 video game ''[[Detroit: Become Human]]'', depressed alcoholic Lieutenant Hank Anderson is revealed to often participate in Russian roulette while drunk. In the chapter "Russian Roulette", Connor ends up saving and sobering up Hank when he passed out playing Russian roulette. One ending depicts the character killing himself while in a miserable state. + +===Drinking games=== +There is a [[drinking game]] based on Russian roulette. The game involves six shot glasses filled by a non-player. Five are filled with water, the sixth with vodka. Among some groups, low quality vodka is preferred as it makes the glass representing the filled chamber less desirable. The glasses are arranged in a circle, and players take turns choosing a glass to take a shot from at random.{{cite web|url=http://roulettegamesvariety.com/drinking-roulette.htm|title=Drinking Roulette Fun Game|website=roulettegamesvariety.com|access-date=21 June 2017}} + +There is also a game called "Beer Hunter" (titled after the Russian roulette scenes in the film ''[[The Deer Hunter]]''). In this game, six cans of beer are placed between the participants. One can is vigorously shaken, and the cans are scrambled. The participants take turns opening the cans of beer right under their noses; the person who opens the shaken can (and sprays beer up their nose) is deemed the loser.{{cite web|title=The Beer Hunter|url=http://drunkard.com/issues/01_07/md_drinking_games.html|website=Modern Drunkard Magazine|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141209054418/http://drunkard.com/issues/01_07/md_drinking_games.html|archive-date=2014-12-09}} + +==See also== +{{Columns-list|colwidth=30em| +* ''[[13 (2010 film)|13]]'' +* ''[[13 Tzameti]]'' (film) +* [[Counterphobic attitude]] +* [[Freddie Prinze]] +* [[Quantum suicide and immortality|Quantum suicide]] +}} + +==References== +{{Reflist|30em|refs= + +{{cite magazine + |last = Surdez + |first = Georges + |date = 1937-01-30 + |magazine = Collier's + |publisher = [[Crowell-Collier Publishing Company | Crowell Publishing Company]] + |editor-last = Chenery + |editor-first = William L. + |title = Russian Roulette + |pages = 16,57 + |url = https://monlegionnaire.files.wordpress.com/2012/03/russian-roulette.pdf + |access-date = 2019-07-16 + + |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20181001220530/https://monlegionnaire.files.wordpress.com/2012/03/russian-roulette.pdf + |archive-date = 2018-10-01 + |url-status = live +}} + +}} + +{{DEFAULTSORT:Russian Roulette}} +[[Category:Roulette and wheel games]] +[[Category:Russian folk games]] +[[Category:Revolvers]] +[[Category:Suicide methods]] +[[Category:Torture]] diff --git a/en.wikipedia.org/San_Juan_High_School_(Utah)/article.txt b/en.wikipedia.org/San_Juan_High_School_(Utah)/article.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..23a5540 --- /dev/null +++ b/en.wikipedia.org/San_Juan_High_School_(Utah)/article.txt @@ -0,0 +1,99 @@ +{{Infobox school +| name = San Juan High School +| image = San Juan High School, Blanding, Utah, May 2019.jpg +| imagesize = +| caption = +| motto = +| streetaddress = 311 North Bronco Blvd. +| city =[[Blanding, Utah|Blanding]] +| state = [[Utah]] +| zipcode = 84511 +| country = United States +| url = [http://schools.sjsd.org/san-juan-high http://schools.sjsd.org/san-juan-high] +| principal = Bob Peterson +| fundingtype = [[Public school (government funded)|Public]] +| schooltype = [[High school#United States|high school]] +| grades = 9{{ndash}}12 +| mascot = Broncos +| conference = +| colors = royal blue and gold +| newspaper = +| yearbook = +| founded = +| class = +| enrollment = 404 +| enrollment_as_of = 2018{{ndash}}2019 +| coordinates = {{Coord|37.629722|N|109.476944|W|display=inline,title|type:edu_region:US-UT}} +| pushpin_map = USA Utah +| pushpin_map_caption = Location of school in Utah +| pushpin_label_position = top +| us_nces_school_id = {{NCES School ID|490090000537|school_name=San Juan High|access_date=2020-09-22|ref_name=NCES}} +}} +'''San Juan High School''' is located in [[Blanding, Utah]], United States. The school is in the [[San Juan School District]], and serves grades 9–12. The schools colors are royal blue and gold. The mascot is a blue and gold horse named, Spirit who replaced Oat 'N Bow in 2017. + +As a 3a school, San Juan High School is the largest high school in the San Juan County, Utah.{{citation needed|date=September 2020}} Each graduating class has approx. 100 students. + +== Clubs & Sports == +San Juan High School offers a variety of clubs and sports. + +The clubs include:{{Cite web|title=Clubs & Activities {{!}} San Juan High School|url=https://schools.sjsd.org/san-juan-high/clubsactivities|access-date=2020-09-05|website=schools.sjsd.org}} +{{div col|colwidth=20em}} +* Art Club +* Band +* Blue Mountain Unity Club (Navajo Heritage) +* Choir +* Drama +* Educational Talent Search +* FBLA +* French +* FFA +* FMP +* Geek Squad +* Honor Society +* HOSA +* Hope Squad +* Interact +* Science Olympiad +* Skills USA +* Sterling Scholar +* Student Council +* Upward Bound +* Quiz Bowl +{{div col end}} + +Sports and athletics include:{{Cite web|title=Athletics {{!}} San Juan High School|url=https://schools.sjsd.org/san-juan-high/athletics|access-date=2020-09-05|website=schools.sjsd.org}} +{{div col|colwidth=20em}} +* Baseball +* Boys Basketball +* Boys Soccer +* Boys Tennis +* Cheerleading +* Cross Country +* Drill Team +* Football +* Girls Basketball +* Girls Soccer +* Girls Tennis +* Golf +* Softball +* Track & Field +* Volleyball +* Wrestling +{{div col end}} + +==References== +{{reflist}} + +==External links== +*[https://san-juan-high.sjsd.org/ San Juan High School] +*[http://www.sjsd.org/ San Juan School District] + +{{San Juan County, Utah Schools}} + +{{authority control}} + +[[Category:Public high schools in Utah]] +[[Category:Schools in San Juan County, Utah]] + + +{{Utah-school-stub}} diff --git a/en.wikipedia.org/San_Juan_School_District/article.txt b/en.wikipedia.org/San_Juan_School_District/article.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..a64857e --- /dev/null +++ b/en.wikipedia.org/San_Juan_School_District/article.txt @@ -0,0 +1,95 @@ +{{for|the school district in California|San Juan Unified School District}} + +{{Infobox school district +| name = San Juan School District +| logo = +| image2 = San Juan School District Business Office.jpg +| address = 200 North Main Street, Blanding +| motto = +| type = [[Public school (government funded)|Public]] +| budget = 38.5 million USD (2018) {{rp|55}} +| established = +| region = [[San Juan County, Utah]] +| grades = +| superintendent = Ron T. Nielson {{rp|2}} +| teachers = +| staff = +| students = +| conference = +| schools = +| us_nces_district_id = {{NCES District ID|4900900|district_name=San Juan District|access_date=2018-12-31}} +| free_label = +| free_text = +| location = +| country = United States +| website = https://sjsd.org/ +}} + +'''San Juan School District''' ('''SJSD''') is a school district headquartered in [[Blanding, Utah|Blanding]], [[Utah]], United States. + +The district has twelve schools. {{Asof|2018}} 3,193 students were enrolled.{{rp|23}} + +==History== +{{expand section|date=April 2017}} +As of 2017 teachers in communities of the southern part of the school district (the [[Bluff, Utah|Bluff]], [[Montezuma Creek, Utah|Montezuma Creek]], and [[Oljato–Monument Valley, Utah|Oljato–Monument Valley]] areas) tend to have less experience than those in the northern part of the school district ([[Blanding, Utah|Blanding]], [[La Sal, Utah|La Sal]], and [[Monticello, Utah|Monticello]]); about 50% of the teachers to the north have 14 or more years of experience while 7% of teachers in the southern communities have that experience.{{cite news|author=Cortez, Marjorie|url=http://www.deseretnews.com/article/865678403/Wanted-Effective-veteran-teachers-willing-to-relocate-to-San-Juan-County.html|title=Wanted: Effective, veteran teachers willing to relocate to San Juan County|newspaper=[[The Deseret News]]|date=2017-04-22|accessdate=2017-04-27}} + +==Schools== +7-12 schools: +* [[Monticello High School (Utah)|Monticello High School]] - [[Monticello, Utah|Monticello]] +* [[Monument Valley High School (Utah)|Monument Valley High School]] - [[Oljato–Monument Valley, Utah|Oljato–Monument Valley]] (''Unincorporated area'') +* [[San Juan High School (Utah)|San Juan High School]] - [[Blanding, Utah|Blanding]] +* [[Whitehorse High School]] - ''Unincorporated area'' adjacent to [[Montezuma Creek, Utah|Montezuma Creek]]"[https://www2.census.gov/geo/maps/dc10map/GUBlock/st49_ut/place/p4951470_montezuma_creek/DC10BLK_P4951470_000.pdf 2010 CENSUS - CENSUS BLOCK MAP (INDEX): Montezuma Creek CDP, UT]." [[U.S. Census Bureau]]. Retrieved on April 27, 2017. Pages: [https://www2.census.gov/geo/maps/dc10map/GUBlock/st49_ut/place/p4951470_montezuma_creek/DC10BLK_P4951470_001.pdf 1], [https://www2.census.gov/geo/maps/dc10map/GUBlock/st49_ut/place/p4951470_montezuma_creek/DC10BLK_P4951470_002.pdf 2], [https://www2.census.gov/geo/maps/dc10map/GUBlock/st49_ut/place/p4951470_montezuma_creek/DC10BLK_P4951470_003.pdf 3].[http://schools.sjsd.org/whitehorse-high Home]. [[Whitehorse High School]]. Retrieved on April 27, 2017. "State Highway #162, PO Box 660, Montezuma Creek, Utah 84534" + +High schools (9-12): +* [[Navajo Mountain High School]] - [[Navajo Mountain, Utah|Navajo Mountain]] (''Unincorporated area'') + +Middle schools (7-8): +* Albert R. Lyman Middle School - Blanding + +K-6 schools: +* Montezuma Creek Elementary School - [[Aneth, Utah|Aneth]] (''Unincorporated area'')[http://schools.sjsd.org/montezuma-creek-elementary Home]. Montezuma Creek Elementary School. Retrieved on April 27, 2017. "State Highway #162, Montezuma Creek, Utah 84534""[http://www2.census.gov/geo/maps/dc10map/GUBlock/st49_ut/place/p4901530_aneth/DC10BLK_P4901530_001.pdf 2010 CENSUS - CENSUS BLOCK MAP: Aneth CDP, UT]." [[U.S. Census Bureau]]. Retrieved on April 27, 2017. +** In 2017 the school offered to give salaries of $80,000 to teachers with many years of experience who are designated as lead teachers.{{cite web|url=http://www.chron.com/news/education/article/Remote-Utah-school-district-offers-80-000-11096991.php|title=Rural Utah school district offers $80,000 teaching salaries|publisher=[[Associated Press]] at the [[Houston Chronicle]]|date=2017-04-26|accessdate=2017-04-27}} +* Monticello Elementary School - Monticello +* Tsé'bii'nidzisgai Elementary School - Oljato–Monument Valley (''Unincorporated area'') + +1-5 schools: +* Blanding Elementary School - Blanding +* Bluff Elementary School - [[Bluff, Utah|Bluff]] (''Unincorporated area'') + +1-3 schools: +* La Sal Elementary School - [[La Sal, Utah|La Sal]] (''Unincorporated area'') + +==See also== +{{portal|Utah|Education}} +* [[List of school districts in Utah]] + +==References== +{{reflist|22em|refs= + +{{cite web +| title = Annual Budget Report +| date = 2018-06-12 +| last = Nielson +| first = Ron T. +| last2 = Hosler +| first2 = Kyle Scot +| website = San Juan School District +| url = https://sjsd.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/07/FY-18-19-Final-Approved-Budget.pdf +| access-date = 2018-12-31 +| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20181231212911/https://sjsd.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/07/FY-18-19-Final-Approved-Budget.pdf +| archive-date = 2018-12-31 +| url-status = live +}} + +}} + +==External links== +{{commons category|San Juan School District}} +* {{official|https://sjsd.org/}} + + +[[Category:Education in San Juan County, Utah]] +[[Category:School districts in Utah]] + + +{{Utah-school-stub}} diff --git a/en.wikipedia.org/Vancouver,_Washington/article.txt b/en.wikipedia.org/Vancouver,_Washington/article.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..10d7528 --- /dev/null +++ b/en.wikipedia.org/Vancouver,_Washington/article.txt @@ -0,0 +1,674 @@ +{{About|the city in Washington|the city in British Columbia|Vancouver|other uses|Vancouver (disambiguation)}} +{{Use mdy dates|date=February 2020}} +{{Use American English|date=March 2019}} +{{Infobox settlement +|name = Vancouver, Washington +|official_name = City of Vancouver +|named_for = [[George Vancouver]] +|settlement_type = City +|image_skyline = Vancouver WA Collage.jpg +|imagesize = +|image_caption = Clockwise from top: skyline of Vancouver viewed from the Oregon side of the [[Columbia River]]; [[House of Providence (Vancouver, Washington)|House of Providence]]; Old Apple Tree Park; [[Fort Vancouver]]; [[Esther Short Park]]; [[Vancouver Barracks]] +|image_flag = Vancouver wa city flag.png +|nickname = +|motto = A colorful past, a bright future +|image_map = Clark_County_Washington_Incorporated_and_Unincorporated_areas_Vancouver_Highlighted.svg +|mapsize = 250px +|map_caption = Location in [[Washington (state)|Washington]] +|image_map1 = +|mapsize1 = +|map_caption1 = +|pushpin_map = Washington#USA +|pushpin_map_caption = Location in the United States +|pushpin_label = Vancouver +|pushpin_label_position = bottom +|coordinates = {{coord|45|38|N|122|36|W|region:US-WA_type:city|display=inline,title}} +|subdivision_type = Country +|subdivision_name = United States +|subdivision_type1 = State +|subdivision_type2 = [[County (United States)|County]] +|subdivision_name1 = [[Washington (state)|Washington]] +|subdivision_name2 = [[Clark County, Washington|Clark]] +|established_title = Founded +|established_date = 1825 +|established_title2 = Incorporated +|established_date2 = 1857 + +|government_type = [[Council–manager government|Council–manager]] +|governing_body = Vancouver City Council +|leader_title1 = Mayor +|leader_name1 = [[Anne McEnerny-Ogle]] +|leader_title2 = [[City manager]] +|leader_name2 = Eric Holmes +|unit_pref = Imperial +|area_footnotes = {{cite web|title=2019 U.S. Gazetteer Files|url=https://www2.census.gov/geo/docs/maps-data/data/gazetteer/2019_Gazetteer/2019_gaz_place_53.txt|publisher=United States Census Bureau|accessdate=August 7, 2020}} +|area_magnitude = +|area_total_km2 = 135.84 +|area_total_sq_mi = 52.45 +|area_land_km2 = 126.25 +|area_land_sq_mi = 48.74 +|area_water_km2 = 9.59 +|area_water_sq_mi = 3.70 +|area_urban_km2 = +|area_urban_sq_mi = +|area_metro_km2 = + +|area_metro_sq_mi = +|elevation_m = 52 +|elevation_ft = 171 +|population_total = 161791 +|population_as_of = [[2010 United States Census|2010]] +|population_footnotes = +|population_density_km2 = 1461.14 +|population_density_sq_mi = 3784.32 +|population_est = 184463 +|pop_est_as_of = 2019 +|pop_est_footnotes = +|population_urban = +|population_metro = 2,478,810 (US: [[List of Metropolitan Statistical Areas|25th]]) +|population_rank = US: [[List of United States cities by population|138th]]
WA: 4th +|postal_code_type = [[ZIP Code]]s +|postal_code = 98660-98666, 98668, 98682-98687 +|area_code = [[Area code 360|360]] +|website = [http://www.cityofvancouver.us/ CityofVancouver.US] +|footnotes = +|timezone = Pacific +|utc_offset = −8 +|timezone_DST = PDT +|utc_offset_DST = −7 +|blank_name = [[Federal Information Processing Standard|FIPS code]] +|blank_info = 53-74060 +|blank1_name = [[Geographic Names Information System|GNIS]] feature ID +|blank1_info = 1531916 +}} +'''Vancouver''' is a city on the north bank of the [[Columbia River]] in the U.S. state of [[Washington (state)|Washington]]. It is the largest suburb of [[Portland, Oregon]]. Incorporated in 1857, Vancouver had a population of 161,791 as of the [[2010 United States Census|2010 U.S. census]], making it the fourth-largest city in Washington state. Vancouver is the [[county seat]] of [[Clark County, Washington|Clark County]] and forms part of the [[Portland metropolitan area|Portland-Vancouver metropolitan area]], the 23rd largest metropolitan area in the United States. Originally established in 1825 around [[Fort Vancouver]], a [[fur trading|fur-trading]] outpost, the city is located on the Washington–Oregon border along the [[Columbia River]], directly north of [[Portland, Oregon|Portland]]. In 2005, [[Money (magazine)|''Money'']] magazine named it No. 91 on its list of best places in America to live. In 2016, WalletHub ranked Vancouver the 89th best place in the U.S. for families to live. + +==Etymology== +Vancouver shares its name with the larger city of [[Vancouver]] in southern [[British Columbia]], Canada, approximately {{convert|300|mi|km|abbr=on}} to the north. Both cities were named after sea captain [[George Vancouver]], but the American city is older. Vancouver, British Columbia was incorporated 29 years after the incorporation of Vancouver, Washington, and more than 60 years after the name Vancouver was first used in reference to the historic [[Fort Vancouver]] trading post on the Columbia River. City officials have periodically suggested changing the U.S. city's name to Fort Vancouver to reduce confusion with its larger and better-known northern neighbor. Many [[Pacific Northwest]] residents distinguish between the two cities by referring to the Canadian city as "Vancouver, B.C." and the United States city as "Vancouver, Washington," or "Vancouver, USA." Local nicknames include "Vantucky" (though this is often used as a derogatory term) and "The 'Couv(e)". + +==History== +[[File:Fort Vancouver1859.jpg|thumb|left|[[Fort Vancouver]] in 1859]] +[[File:Marshall House Officers Row.JPG|thumb|left|The Marshall House in [[Officers Row]], built in 1886 and later named after [[George C. Marshall]]]] +[[File:Manufacturing opportunities in the state of Washington (1918) (14782578282).jpg|thumb|left|Wooden ship yard in Vancouver, 1918]] +[[File:VancouverWA1888.png|thumb|City of Vancouver as shown in 1888 map from ''Clarke County Auditor'', [[Washington Territory]]]] + +The Vancouver area was inhabited by a variety of Native American tribes, most recently the [[Chinookan|Chinook]] and [[Klickitat tribe|Klickitat]] nations, with permanent settlements of timber longhouses.{{r|HOV-Natives}} The Chinookan and Klickitat names for the area were reportedly ''Skit-so-to-ho'' and ''Ala-si-kas,'' respectively, meaning "land of the mud-turtles."{{r|smithrgess_2001_chronology|oregonnativeson_1901_nativename}} First European contact was made by [[William Robert Broughton]] in 1792,{{r|riverimages|ourhistory}} with approximately half of the indigenous population dead from [[smallpox]] before the [[Lewis and Clark Expedition]] camped in the area in 1806.{{r|HOV-Natives}} Within another fifty years, other actions and diseases such as [[measles]], [[malaria]] and [[influenza]] had reduced the [[Chinookan]] population from an estimated 80,000 "to a few dozen refugees, landless, slaveless and swindled out of a treaty."{{r|HOV-Natives}} + +[[Meriwether Lewis]] wrote that the Vancouver area was "the only desired situation for settlement west of the [[Rocky Mountains]]." The first permanent European settlement did not occur until 1824, when Fort Vancouver was established as a fur trading post of the [[Hudson's Bay Company]]. From that time on, the area was settled by both the US and Britain under a "joint occupation" agreement. Joint occupation led to the [[Oregon boundary dispute]] and ended on June 15, 1846, with the signing of the [[Oregon Treaty]], which gave the United States full control of the area. Before 1845, American Henry Williamson laid out a large claim west of the Hudson's Bay Company (including part of the present-day Port of Vancouver), called Vancouver City and properly registered his claim at the U.S. courthouse in Oregon City, before leaving for California.{{r|jollata}}{{rp|42}} In 1848, Williamson had it surveyed and platted by [[Peter Crawford (land surveyor)|Peter Crawford]]. In 1850, Amos Short traced over the claim of Williamson and named the town Columbia City.{{r|dahp_20140330_vancouversurveyor}} It changed to Vancouver in 1855. The City of Vancouver was incorporated on January 23, 1857.{{r|historylink_20090807_vancouvernamehistory}} + +Based on an act in the 1859–60 legislature, Vancouver was briefly the capital of [[Washington Territory]], before capital status was returned to [[Olympia, Washington]] by a 2–1 ruling of the territory's supreme court, in accordance with [[Isaac Stevens]]' preference and concern that proximity to the border with Oregon might give some of the state's influence away to Oregon.{{r|columbian_2006ish_capitoldispute|historylink_20030115_capitoldispute|wasenate_2005_honorolympia}} + +U.S. Army Captain (and future President) [[Ulysses S. Grant]] was quartermaster at what was then known as Columbia Barracks for 15 months beginning in September 1852. Soon after leaving Vancouver, he resigned from the army and did not serve again until the outbreak of the [[American Civil War]]. Other notable generals to have served in Vancouver include [[George B. McClellan]], [[Philip Sheridan]], [[Oliver O. Howard]] and 1953 Nobel Peace Prize recipient [[George Marshall]].{{r|cityofvancouver_2007ish_150thanniversary}} + +Army presence in Vancouver was very strong, as the Department of the Columbia built and moved to Vancouver Barracks, the military reservation for which stretched from the river to what is currently Fourth Plain Boulevard and was the largest Army base in the region until surpassed by [[Fort Lewis]], {{convert|120|mi|km|-1}} to the north. Built on the old company gardens and skirmish range, Pearson Army Field (later [[Pearson Field]]) was a key facility, and at one point the [[United States Army Signal Corps|US Army Signal Corps]] operated the largest spruce cut-up plant in the world to provide much-needed wood for airplanes. Vancouver became the end point for two ultra-long flights from Moscow, [[USSR]] over the North Pole. The first of these flights was performed by [[Valery Chkalov]] in 1937 on a [[Tupolev ANT-25]]RD airplane. Chkalov was originally scheduled to land at an airstrip in nearby [[Portland, Oregon]], but redirected at the last minute to Vancouver's Pearson Airfield. Today there is a street named for him in Vancouver. In 1975 an obelisk was erected at Pearson Field commemorating this event.{{Citation needed|reason=Need sources for Chkalov flight and Signal Corps presence|date=November 2019}} + +The neighborhood of Sifton was the terminus of an early electric [[Tram|trolley]] operated by the Northcoast Power Company that also served nearby [[Orchards, Washington|Orchards]] from 1910 until 1926. The trolleys made ten stops and ran once per hour, charging 15 cents each way. A mural in the heart of Orchards depicts the trolley and the rural character of the area at the time it was operating. The community was named after Doctor Sifton, a promoter of the trolley service.{{r|origin}} + +According to the archives of the Vancouver ''[[The Columbian|Columbian]]'' newspaper, the Orchards-Sifton route went along Vancouver's Main Street to 26th, then out 26th to K Street and thence north to 33rd. From there, it ran on 33rd over Burnt Bridge Creek and past the city limits. At that point the trolley became more like a regular train as it followed a cut through the wilderness. Few houses were seen between Vancouver and Orchards. The public's preference for motor cars in the 1920s heralded the end of the trolley. + +Separated from Oregon until 1917, when the [[Interstate Bridge]] began to replace ferries, Vancouver had three shipyards just downstream which produced ships for World War I before World War II brought an enormous economic boom. An [[Alcoa]] aluminum plant opened on September 2, 1940, using inexpensive power from the nearby [[New Deal]] hydropower turbines at [[Bonneville Dam]]. After the bombing of Pearl Harbor, [[Henry J. Kaiser|Henry Kaiser]] opened a [[Kaiser Shipyards|shipyard]] next to the U.S. Army base, which by 1944 employed as many as 36,000 people in a twenty-four hours a day, seven days a week production of [[Liberty ships]], [[Landing Ship, Tank|landing ship tanks]], and [[Casablanca-class escort carrier|escort carriers]]. This influx of shipyard workers boosted the population from 18,000 to over 80,000 in just a few months, leading to the creation of the Vancouver Housing Authority and six new [[tract housing|residential developments]]: Fruit Valley, Fourth Plain Village, Bagley Downs, Ogden Meadows, Burton Homes and McLoughlin Heights. Each of these was later incorporated into the city, and are well-known neighborhoods, while the neighboring "shipyard city" of [[Vanport, Oregon]], would be destroyed by the [[Memorial Day]] flood of 1948.{{Citation needed|reason=Need sources for lack of bridge with Oregon until 1917, 1940 aluminum plant, and WWII boom towns|date=November 2019}} + +{{Recentism|date=November 2019}} +Vancouver has recently experienced conflicts with other Clark County communities because of rapid growth in the area. The city's first annexation more than doubled its size in 1909, with the largest annexation of 1997 adding {{convert|11258|acre|km2}} and 58,171 residents.{{r|cityofvancouver_2006ish_annexationhistory}} As a result of urban growth and the 1997 annexation, Vancouver is often thought of as split between two areas, East and West Vancouver, divided by NE Andresen Road. West Vancouver is home to downtown Vancouver and some of the more historical parts of the city, as well as recent high-density mixed-use development. East Vancouver includes the communities of Cascade Park East and West, which had populations of 6,996 and 6,956 in 1990 before annexation. + +More than one-third of the Vancouver urban area's population lives in unincorporated urban area north of the city limits, including the communities of [[Hazel Dell, Washington|Hazel Dell]], [[Felida, Washington|Felida]], [[Orchards, Washington|Orchards]] and [[Salmon Creek, Washington|Salmon Creek]]. If county leaders had approved a major annexation plan in 2006, Vancouver would have passed [[Tacoma, Washington|Tacoma]] and [[Spokane, Washington|Spokane]] to become the state's second-largest city.{{r|komotv_20051223_annexation}} + +==Geography and climate== +Vancouver is located just north of the [[Columbia River]], just west of where the [[Columbia River Gorge]] bisects the volcanic [[Cascade Range]] and just east of where the [[Willamette River]] enters the Columbia. The city of Vancouver is in the Western Lowlands region of Washington. When clouds do not blanket the Puget-Willamette trough formed by the Cascade and [[Oregon Coast Range|Coast Range]], [[Mount Hood]], [[Mount St. Helens]], [[Mount Jefferson (Oregon)|Mount Jefferson]] and [[Mount Adams (Washington)|Mount Adams]] are all visible from Vancouver. + +[[File:Interstate Bridge and Columbia River.jpg|thumb|The [[Columbia River]] waterfront]] +According to the [[United States Census Bureau]], the city has a total area of {{convert|49.86|sqmi|sqkm|2}}, of which, {{convert|46.46|sqmi|sqkm|2}} is land and {{convert|3.40|sqmi|sqkm|2}} is water. + +Vancouver lies just north of Portland, Oregon and shares a similar climate. Both are classified as warm-summer Mediterranean (Csb) on the [[Köppen climate classification]], with certain key exceptions. High pressures east of the [[Cascade Range]] create something of a [[venturi effect]], leading to cold east winds down the Columbia River Gorge. Unsheltered by the [[Willamette Valley]], Vancouver has historically seen colder temperatures, including "silver thaw" storms where freezing rain cakes limbs and power lines. Such storms can paralyze Vancouver. This occasionally freezes the river, and in 1916 cut electric power in the city for almost two weeks. Rainfall occurs frequently throughout the fall, winter, and spring, but ceases around the middle of June, with dry and warm weather lasting through September. Average annual precipitation is {{convert|42|in|mm}}. Heavy snowfalls are infrequent and snow often falls and doesn't stick, with major snowstorms only occurring every 2–4 years. Close proximity to the river was also a concern for flooding, before dams constricted the river, destroying features such as [[Celilo Falls]]. Periodic floods have been a nuisance, with two of the most destructive in June 1894 and May 1948. The 1948 [[Memorial Day]] flood almost topped the Interstate Bridge's support piers and completely destroyed nearby [[Vanport, Oregon]]. Other unusual storms include the [[Columbus Day]] windstorm of 1962 and [[1972 Portland–Vancouver tornado|an April 5, 1972 tornado]] which rated F3 on the [[Fujita scale]], striking a local school. An EF1 tornado struck on January 10, 2008 just after noon causing moderate damage along a {{convert|2|mi|km|adj=on}} path from [[Vancouver Lake]] to the unincorporated Hazel Dell area.{{citation needed|reason=Need sources for various climate events mentioned|date=November 2019}} + +Because many Vancouver residents work in Portland, there is typically significant rush hour traffic congestion on two bridges that cross the Columbia River – the [[Interstate Bridge]] and the [[Glenn Jackson Bridge]]. In 2017 there were 297,932 weekday vehicle crossings on the two bridges. + +{{Weather box +|location = Vancouver, Washington (1981–2010 normals, extremes 1891–present) +|single line = Y +| Jan record high F = 66 +| Feb record high F = 73 +| Mar record high F = 83 +| Apr record high F = 90 +| May record high F = 99 +| Jun record high F = 105 +| Jul record high F = 108 +| Aug record high F = 105 +| Sep record high F = 103 +| Oct record high F = 90 +| Nov record high F = 72 +| Dec record high F = 65 +| year record high F = 108 +| Jan avg record high F = 57.9 +| Feb avg record high F = 61.6 +| Mar avg record high F = 68.9 +| Apr avg record high F = 78.5 +| May avg record high F = 86.6 +| Jun avg record high F = 90.3 +| Jul avg record high F = 95.2 +| Aug avg record high F = 95.6 +| Sep avg record high F = 90.0 +| Oct avg record high F = 77.6 +| Nov avg record high F = 63.1 +| Dec avg record high F = 57.1 +| year avg record high F = 99.1 +| Jan high F = 47.1 +| Feb high F = 51.0 +| Mar high F = 55.9 +| Apr high F = 60.5 +| May high F = 67.0 +| Jun high F = 72.3 +| Jul high F = 78.7 +| Aug high F = 79.9 +| Sep high F = 74.8 +| Oct high F = 63.4 +| Nov high F = 52.4 +| Dec high F = 45.6 +| year high F = 62.3 +| Jan mean F = 40.4 +| Feb mean F = 42.3 +| Mar mean F = 46.7 +| Apr mean F = 50.7 +| May mean F = 56.6 +| Jun mean F = 61.6 +| Jul mean F = 66.6 +| Aug mean F = 67.1 +| Sep mean F = 61.9 +| Oct mean F = 53.0 +| Nov mean F = 45.3 +| Dec mean F = 39.4 +| year mean F = 52.6 +| Jan low F = 33.7 +| Feb low F = 33.7 +| Mar low F = 37.5 +| Apr low F = 40.8 +| May low F = 46.2 +| Jun low F = 50.9 +| Jul low F = 54.5 +| Aug low F = 54.2 +| Sep low F = 49.0 +| Oct low F = 42.6 +| Nov low F = 38.2 +| Dec low F = 33.1 +| year low F = 42.8 +| Jan avg record low F = 21.1 +| Feb avg record low F = 20.3 +| Mar avg record low F = 27.0 +| Apr avg record low F = 30.4 +| May avg record low F = 35.4 +| Jun avg record low F = 42.3 +| Jul avg record low F = 46.0 +| Aug avg record low F = 45.1 +| Sep avg record low F = 39.0 +| Oct avg record low F = 30.7 +| Nov avg record low F = 24.8 +| Dec avg record low F = 19.6 +| year avg record low F = 14.5 +| Jan record low F = -8 +| Feb record low F = -3 +| Mar record low F = 18 +| Apr record low F = 24 +| May record low F = 28 +| Jun record low F = 34 +| Jul record low F = 37 +| Aug record low F = 35 +| Sep record low F = 28 +| Oct record low F = 21 +| Nov record low F = 6 +| Dec record low F = -10 +| year record low F = -10 +| precipitation colour = green +| Jan precipitation inch = 5.49 +| Feb precipitation inch = 4.13 +| Mar precipitation inch = 3.87 +| Apr precipitation inch = 3.10 +| May precipitation inch = 2.49 +| Jun precipitation inch = 1.79 +| Jul precipitation inch = 0.75 +| Aug precipitation inch = 0.71 +| Sep precipitation inch = 1.45 +| Oct precipitation inch = 2.93 +| Nov precipitation inch = 6.13 +| Dec precipitation inch = 5.82 +| year precipitation inch = 36.65 +| Jan snow inch = 0.8 +| Feb snow inch = 1.1 +| Mar snow inch = 0.4 +| Apr snow inch = 0.0 +| May snow inch = 0.0 +| Jun snow inch = 0.0 +| Jul snow inch = 0.0 +| Aug snow inch = 0.0 +| Sep snow inch = 0.0 +| Oct snow inch = 0.0 +| Nov snow inch = 0.0 +| Dec snow inch = 0.5 +| year snow inch = 1.0 +| unit precipitation days = 0.01 in. +| Jan precipitation days = 20.1 +| Feb precipitation days = 16.0 +| Mar precipitation days = 18.4 +| Apr precipitation days = 17.6 +| May precipitation days = 14.3 +| Jun precipitation days = 9.4 +| Jul precipitation days = 4.5 +| Aug precipitation days = 3.8 +| Sep precipitation days = 7.6 +| Oct precipitation days = 14.4 +| Nov precipitation days = 20.5 +| Dec precipitation days = 19.8 +| year precipitation days = 163.7 +| unit snow days = 0.1 in. +| Jan snow days = 0.3 +| Feb snow days = 0.8 +| Mar snow days = 0.2 +| Apr snow days = 0.0 +| May snow days = 0.0 +| Jun snow days = 0.0 +| Jul snow days = 0.0 +| Aug snow days = 0.0 +| Sep snow days = 0.0 +| Oct snow days = 0.0 +| Nov snow days = 0.0 +| Dec snow days = 0.5 +| year snow days = 1.4 +| source = NOAA{{cite web |url=https://w2.weather.gov/climate/xmacis.php?wfo=pqr |title=NOWData - NOAA Online Weather Data |publisher=NOAA |access-date=July 22, 2020 }} +}} + +==Demographics== +{{US Census population +|1880= 1722 +|1890= 3545 +|1900= 3126 +|1910= 9300 +|1920= 12637 +|1930= 15766 +|1940= 18788 +|1950= 41664 +|1960= 32464 +|1970= 41859 +|1980= 42834 +|1990= 46380 +|2000= 143560 +|2010= 161791 +|estyear=2019 +|estimate=184463 +|estref={{cite web |date=May 2020 |title=Annual Estimates of the Resident Population for Incorporated Places in Washington: April 1, 2010 to July 1, 2019 |url=https://www.census.gov/data/tables/time-series/demo/popest/2010s-total-cities-and-towns.html |publisher=United States Census Bureau |accessdate=May 21, 2020}} +|align-fn=center +|footnote=U.S. Decennial Census
2018 Estimate +}} + +===2010 census=== +As of the census of 2010, there were 161,791 people, 65,691 households, and 40,246 families residing in the city. The population density was {{convert|3482.4|PD/sqmi|PD/km2|1}}. There were 70,005 housing units at an average density of {{convert|1506.8|/sqmi|/km2|1}}. The racial makeup of the city was 80.9% [[White (U.S. Census)|White]], 2.9% [[African American (U.S. Census)|African American]], 1.0% [[Native American (U.S. Census)|Native American]], 5.0% [[Asian (U.S. Census)|Asian]], 1.0% [[Race (U.S. Census)|Pacific Islander]], 4.3% from [[Race (U.S. Census)|other races]], and 4.8% from two or more races. [[Hispanic (U.S. Census)|Hispanic]] or [[Latino (U.S. Census)|Latino]] people of any race were 10.4% of the population. + +There were 65,691 households, of which 31.9% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 42.6% were married couples living together, 13.2% had a female householder with no husband present, 5.5% had a male householder with no wife present, and 38.7% were non-families. 30.0% of all households were made up of individuals, and 9.9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.43 and the average family size was 3.02. + +The median age in the city was 35.9 years. 24% of residents were under the age of 18; 9.4% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 28.9% were from 25 to 44; 25.3% were from 45 to 64; and 12.4% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 48.8% male and 51.2% female. + +===2000 census=== +As of the census of 2000, there were 143,560 people, 56,628 households, and 36,298 families living in the city. The population density is 3,354.7 people per square mile (1,295.4/km2). There were 60,039 housing units at an average density of 1,403.0 per square mile (541.7/km2). According to the 2010 US Census, The racial makeup of the city was 76.2% [[White (U.S. Census)|White]], 2.9% [[African American (U.S. Census)|African American]], 1.0% [[Native American (U.S. Census)|Native American]], 5.0% [[Asian (U.S. Census)|Asian]], 1.0% [[Pacific Islander (U.S. Census)|Pacific Islander]], and 4.80% from two or more races. [[Hispanic (U.S. Census)|Hispanic]] or [[Latino (U.S. Census)|Latino]] people of any race were 10.4% of the population. 16.4% were of German, 9.2% English, 8.4% Irish and 7.9% American ancestry. 89.2% spoke English, 5.1% Spanish, 3.2% Russian, 1.4% [[Ukrainian language|Ukrainian]] and 1.1% [[Vietnamese language|Vietnamese]] as their first language. A large increase in persons with Russian or Ukrainian as their primary language has occurred. + +There were 56,628 households, out of which 33.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 47.3% were married couples living together, 12.1% had a female householder with no husband present, and 35.9% were non-families. 27.6% of all households were made up of individuals, and 8.3% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.50 and the average family size was 3.06. + +In the city, the population was spread out, with 26.7% under the age of 18, 9.8% from 18 to 24, 32.1% from 25 to 44, 20.6% from 45 to 64, and 10.7% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 33 years. For every 100 females, there were 96.9 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 93.8 males. + +The [[median]] income for a household in the city was $41,618, and the median income for a family was $47,696. Males had a median income of $37,306 versus $26,940 for females. The per capita income for the city was $20,192. 9.4% of families and 12.2% of the population were below the poverty line, including 16.1% of those under the age of 18 and 8.2% of those 65 and older. + +==Economy== +{{More citations needed|date=May 2013}} +[[File:Uptown Village.jpg|thumb|upright|The banner of the Uptown Village neighborhood]] +The Vancouver economy is characterized by [[Border#Border economics|border economics]] with neighboring Portland, Oregon. The state of Washington levies no individual or corporate income taxes and levies a property tax below the national average and a sales tax above the national median. The State of Oregon has even lower property taxes and no sales tax but one of the highest state income taxes. As a result, many Vancouver residents prefer to shop in neighboring Portland where they do not pay sales taxes, then live and work in Vancouver where they do not pay state income tax. (Washington residents who work in Oregon must pay Oregon income tax.) For the same reasons, the city is popular with retirees. Conversely, the city is less favored by students and young adults.{{Citation needed|date=October 2014}} In 2003, 70% of workers in Vancouver worked in Clark County. There is a risk in sales tax avoidance because Washington has a use tax due on all purchases made in Oregon that are then returned to Washington. Vancouver residents "shop at their own risk" when attempting to avoid the sales tax in Washington, although the rule is rarely, if ever, enforced{{Citation needed|date=May 2013}} except for purchases requiring registration, such as motor vehicles. + +The taxation and demographics of the area depresses the retail sector of Vancouver's economy.{{Citation needed|date=May 2013}} Oregon has stricter development laws to protect the timber industry;{{Citation needed|date=May 2013}} therefore, Vancouver tends to attract a higher proportion of the region's sprawling development. The voting base also led to rejection of extension of Portland's light-rail system into the city for several years.{{Citation needed|date=October 2014}} In 2013, Washington transitioned away from being a [[Alcoholic beverage control state|control state]]. + +The economic history of Vancouver reflects the region. Moving from a salmon- and trade-based indigenous economy by the [[Chinookan|Chinook]] people, the [[Hudson's Bay Company]] pioneered extractive industries such as the [[fur trade]] and timber. Subsistence agricultural gave way to market and export crops such as apples, strawberries and prunes. Largely bypassed by the railroad in the 1880s, when the Oregon Steam Navigation company would ferry trains across the river downstream from [[St. Helens, Oregon]] to [[Kalama, Washington]], early downtown development was focused around Washington Street (where ferries arrived), lumber and Vancouver Barracks activities such as a large spruce mill for manufacturing airplanes. A 1908 railroad [[swing bridge]] across the Columbia allowed greater industrial developments such as the Standifer Shipyard during the first world war. With the Interstate Bridge and [[Bonneville Dam]] Vancouver saw an industrial boom in the 1940s, including the [[Kaiser Shipyards|Kaiser shipyard]] and [[Alcoa]], as well as a [[Boise Cascade]] paper mill, just west of the Interstate Bridge. + +As the [[old-growth forest]]s were depleted and heavy industry left the United States, Vancouver's economy has largely changed to high tech and service industry jobs, with many residents commuting to Portland. Vancouver contains the corporate headquarters for [[Nautilus, Inc.]], [[ZoomInfo]], [[Papa Murphy's Pizza]] and The Holland (parent company of the [[Burgerville, USA]] restaurant chain). + +[[File:Aerial view of Vancouver, WA.jpg|thumb|left|Aerial view of the city]] +The [[Port of Vancouver USA]] operates a port on the Columbia River, which separates [[Oregon]] to the south and [[Washington (state)|Washington]] to the north. It handles over 400 ocean-going vessels annually, as well as a number of barges which ply the river and its tributaries as far as [[Lewiston, Idaho]]. + +The Vancouver Energy project was a proposed crude oil transport hub in the [[Port of Vancouver USA]]. It was estimated to produce the equivalent of $1.6 billion in employment income during the terminal's construction and for its first 15 years of operation. Vancouver Energy ended its bid to build the hub in February 2018 following Governor Jay Inslee's rejection of the project. +{{-}} + +===Largest employers=== +According to the City's 2012 Comprehensive Annual Financial Report, the largest employers in the city are: +[[File:PeaceHealth Southwest Medical Center.jpg|thumb|[[PeaceHealth Southwest Medical Center]] is the largest employer in Vancouver.]] +{| class="wikitable" +|- +! # +! Employer +! # of employees +|- +|1 +|[[PeaceHealth Southwest Medical Center]] +|4000+ (2019) +|- +|2 +|[[Evergreen Public Schools]] +|2,455 +|- +|3 +|[[Vancouver Public Schools]] +|2,203 +|- +|4 +|[[Clark County, Washington|County of Clark]] +|1,561 +|- +|5 +|[[Fred Meyer]] +|1,500 +|- +|6 +|[[Clark College (Washington)|Clark College]] +|985 +|- +|7 +|City of Vancouver +|962 +|- +|8 +|The Vancouver Clinic +|912 +|- +|9 +|[[BNSF Railway]] +|800 +|- +|10 +|[[Kaiser Permanente]] +|724 +|} + +===Downtown revitalization=== +In 1997, the city of Vancouver decided to dedicate the next 15–20 years to redeveloping and revitalizing the downtown core, west of I-5 and south of Evergreen Boulevard. The first projects started in the early 2000s with the construction of many tall [[condominium]] structures around [[Esther Short Park]]. The most lauded outside investment was the construction of a [[Hilton Hotels|Hilton]] hotel directly across from the park.{{citation needed|date=March 2019}} +The Downtown redevelopment of Vancouver continued after a slowdown during the 2009–2012 recession. Numerous projects began to rise up around the city core and as of mid-2020 more than three dozen projects with mid-rise or high-rise structures were completed, under construction, or proposed.https://www.cityofvancouver.us/projectshttps://urbanlivinginthecouv.home.blog/urban-pipeline/ + +[[File:Side view of Grant St Pier from NW - Vancouver, Washington (2020).jpg|thumb|left|Grant Street Pier, on the Vancouver Waterfront]] +In 2016 the first ground was broken{{cite news|last=Baer|first=April|title=New Waterfront Development In Vancouver Breaks Ground|date=July 17, 2016|publisher=[[OPB]]|url=https://www.opb.org/news/article/vancouver-washington-waterfront-development/|accessdate=2020-10-11}} for the ambitious $1.5 billion, 21-block redevelopment of Vancouver's waterfront at the former site of Boise Cascade Paper Mill. The site had been inaccessible to the public for more than 100 years.{{citation needed|date=October 2020}} The project was planned for 3,300 residential units, and roughly 1 million square feet of office and retail space.https://gramor.com/lease-property/waterfront-vancouver/ Around 15,000 people were in attendance for the official grand opening, in 2018, of the project and associated public space including Grant Street Pier, a cable-stayed viewing deck that extends out over the Columbia River.{{cite news|last=Macuk|first=Anthony|title=Waterfront Vancouver celebrates first anniversary of grand opening|date=September 29, 2019|newspaper=[[The Columbian]]|url=https://www.columbian.com/news/2019/sep/29/waterfront-vancouver-celebrates-first-anniversary-of-grand-opening/|accessdate=2020-10-11}}https://www.cityofvancouver.us/parksrec/page/vancouver-waterfront-park + +The Redevelopment of Terminal One master plan was approved by the city council in 2017.https://www.portvanusa.com/news-releases/vancouver-city-council-approves-terminal-1-master-plan/ This $500 million project will include multiple phases over several years including a seven-story AC Marriott hotel that began site preparation and construction in late 2019.https://www.columbian.com/news/2019/aug/22/ac-hotel-breaks-ground-at-port-of-vancouvers-terminal-1/ Future plans in the master plan called for a [[mixed-use development|mixed-use]] complex of mid-rise buildings on four blocks and a complete rebuild of the original 100-year Terminal One dock and pier. A public open-air market is also planned. + +[[File:Clark County Historical Museum - Vancouver Washington.jpg|thumb|The Clark County Historical Museum]] +''[[The Columbian]]'' newspaper finished building a new seven-story building adjacent to the Hilton in 2008. Early in 2010, ''The Columbian'' filed for [[Chapter 11]] bankruptcy and the building defaulted to [[Bank of America]]. In June 2010, the City of Vancouver agreed to purchase the former downtown Columbian office building for use as a new city hall. The city bought the two-year-old building and {{convert|5.14|acre|m2}} for $18.5 million, a fraction of the $41.5 million sale price the owners of The Columbian office building had been asking prior to filing for bankruptcy. In 2011, the city consolidated five separate buildings housing 300 employees into one at the new City Hall, located at 415 W. 6th St. The move is saving the city approximately $1 million a year in facility lease and maintenance costs. + +The Fort Vancouver Regional Library District opened a new library on C Street at Evergreen Boulevard in 2011. Future plans on C Street include a new [[Marriott International|Marriott]] hotel and roughly 250 new condominiums. Other planned projects in the downtown area include: +* Library Square, a mixed-use project which includes a condominiums building, hotel/condominiums building, office building, and a new main library. +* The Luxe, a six-story office and condominium building. +* Waterfront Redevelopment, which includes 10K Residents Envision, retail, offices, and parks. +* Prestige Plaza, a six-story building which includes condominiums and offices. + +==Education== +{{see also|Fort Vancouver Regional Library District}} +[[File:ClarkCollegeChimeTower.jpg|thumb|[[Clark College]] chime tower, with the Cannell library in the background]] +[[File:Skyview HS Main Entrance.JPG|thumb|[[Skyview High School (Vancouver, Washington)|Skyview High School]]]] +[[File:WSU Vancouver.jpg|thumb|[[Washington State University Vancouver]] in January 2014]] + +===Public schools=== +Vancouver has two school districts: [[Vancouver Public Schools]] and [[Evergreen School District]]. + +The Vancouver Public Schools cover most of west Vancouver and has seven high schools: [[Hudson's Bay High School]], [[Columbia River High School]], [[Fort Vancouver High School]], Lewis and Clark High School, [[Skyview High School (Vancouver, Washington)|Skyview High School]], [[Vancouver School of Arts and Academics]], and [[Vancouver iTech Preparatory]] (grades 6–12). It also has six middle schools: [[Alki Middle School]], Discovery Middle School, Gaiser Middle School, [[Jason Lee Middle School (Vancouver)|Jason Lee Middle School]], [[Thomas Jefferson Middle School (Vancouver, Washington)|Thomas Jefferson Middle School]], and McLoughlin Middle School. + +Vancouver Public Schools' elementary schools include [[Sarah J. Anderson Elementary School|Sarah J. Anderson]], Chinook, Eisenhower, Felida, Ben Franklin, Fruit Valley Community Learning Center, Harney, Hazel Dell, Hough, Martin Luther King, Lake Shore, Lincoln, Marshall, Minnehaha, Peter S. Ogden, Eleanor Roosevelt, Sacajawea, Salmon Creek, Truman, Walnut Grove, and Washington. + +The Evergreen School District covers most of east Vancouver and has seven high schools: [[Evergreen High School (Vancouver, Washington)|Evergreen High School]], [[Mountain View High School (Washington)|Mountain View High School]], Henrietta Lacks Health and Bioscience High School, Heritage High School, [[Union High School (Camas, Washington)|Union High School]], Legacy High School, and Cascadia Technical Academy (formerly Clark County Vocational Skills Center). + +The district has six middle schools: Cascade, Covington, Frontier, Pacific, Shahala, and Wy'East. + +Evergreen School District's 21 elementary schools are: Burton, Burnt Bridge Creek, Columbia Valley, Crestline, Ellsworth, Endeavour, Fircrest, Fisher's Landing, Harmony, Hearthwood, Illahee, Image, Marrion, Mill Plain, Orchards, Pioneer, Riverview, Sifton, Silver Star, Sunset, and York. + +Vancouver is also home to the [[Washington School for the Deaf]] and [[Washington School for the Blind]], and (through Evergreen School District) Home Choice Academy, for home-schoolers. + +===Colleges and universities=== +* [[Clark College (Washington)|Clark College]] (two-year) +* [[Gateway Seminary]] +* [[Washington State University, Vancouver]] + +==Architecture and notable buildings== +{{see also|National Register of Historic Places listings in Clark County, Washington}} + +File:Evergreen Hotel - Vancouver Washington.jpg|Evergreen Hotel +File:West 5th and Columbia Street, Looking East.jpg|Smith Tower +File:Elks Building in Vancouver, WA.JPG|Elks Building +File:Heritage Building, Vancouver, WA (2013) - 5.JPG|Heritage Building +File:House of Providence in Vancouver, WA (2).JPG|House of Providence +File:U.s. nat. bank bldg 1912 - Copy.jpg|U.S. National Bank Building + + +[[Mother Joseph]] was one of the first architects in the region, and because of its relatively long history, Vancouver contains a variety of buildings.{{citation needed|reason=Need citation supporting Mother Joseph as architect.|date=November 2019}} Homes vary from [[Victorian architecture|Victorians]] and craftsman bungalows downtown, to small wartime [[tract housing]] and [[ranch-style house|ranch-styles]] mid-town, with rural styles and larger homes in the outer ring. In addition to the reconstructed [[Fort Vancouver]] at the [[Fort Vancouver National Historic Site]], the city was named one of the [[National Register of Historic Places]]' "Dozen Distinctive Destinations" for 2003. + +Other notable buildings in Vancouver include: +* The [[Covington House (Vancouver, Washington)|Covington House]] at 4201 Main Street, a [[log cabin]] and boarding school built 1846–1848 +* [[Officers Row]], including the Grant House (first house on the Columbia Barracks) and the [[Queen Anne style architecture|Queen Anne]]-style 1866 Marshall House +* [[Mother Joseph]]'s Providence Academy, dedicated in 1873, where Evergreen Boulevard crosses [[Interstate 5 in Washington|Interstate 5]] +* The [[Proto-Cathedral of St. James the Greater]] (formerly St. James Church) saw its first Roman Catholic Mass celebrated August 16, 1885 +* The [[List of Carnegie libraries in Washington|Carnegie library]] at Sixteenth and Main, which opened on New Year's Eve 1909, to showcase its unusual electric lights; it is now the site of the [[Clark County Historical Museum]] +* The 1914 [[Chicago school (architecture)|Chicago-style]] U.S. National Bank (now the Heritage Building) at sixth and Main +* The 1916 [[United States Postal Service|U.S. Post Office]] at 1211 Daniels Street +* The [[Vertical lift bridge|vertical-lift]] [[Interstate Bridge]], which opened on February 14, 1917, [[Oregon]]'s 58th anniversary +* The 1935 [[art deco]] telephone exchange building at Eleventh and Washington +* The 1941 Clark County Courthouse, designed by prolific local architect Day Hillborn +* Smith Tower, a round downtown apartment building for the elderly, built in 1965 +* The Hilton Hotel and Vancouver Convention Center across from [[Esther Short Park]] + +Many of these buildings have been re-purposed. The 1867 Slocum House, an [[Italianate]] villa-style residence originally built one block south of its current location in [[Esther Short Park]], was moved to its present location in 1966 and now houses a winery and art gallery. The Carnegie Library was expanded in the 1940s, becoming the [[Clark County Historical Museum]] after a new library was built in 1963. Other buildings have been torn down for urban renewal or renovated to house professional offices for lawyers and accountants. + +==Art and culture== +[[File:Kiggins Theatre-9.jpg|thumb|upright|[[Kiggins Theatre]] was designed by architect [[Day Walter Hilborn]].]] +In the early 2000s, Vancouver began seeing a revitalization of local art scene and cultural events. In 2010 there was a movement among local artists to form cooperatives and meet with established local gallery owners for a monthly forum known as "Art Conversations." Many of Vancouver's art galleries are located in downtown Vancouver, and in 2014, the City Council formally designated an "Arts District" in the downtown core. + +The [[Kiggins Theatre]] located within the Downtown Vancouver Art District, was built in 1936 by architect Day Hillborn. It was named for J.P. Kiggins, an entrepreneur and politician who cut a swath through town in the early 20th century, serving as Vancouver's mayor for 15 non-consecutive years between 1908 and 1935. It was renovated and reopened in 2011 as an independent film and community event venue. + +The Vancouver Symphony Orchestra first formed in the late 1970s. Conducted and directed by Dr. Salvadore Brotons, the Symphony regularly performs concerts. + +==Annual events== +Every June since 2006, the Recycled Arts Festival held in Esther Short Park has featured the work of dozens of artists whose creations are made from at least 75% reused or recycled materials, along with live music and food. + +Since the mid-1960s, Vancouver hosted a [[Fourth of July]] [[fireworks]] display on the grounds of [[Fort Vancouver National Historic Site]] that draws many people to the city. The display routinely ran to 45 minutes, attracted up to 60,000 visitors and was broadcast on area television, one of the largest west of the Mississippi River. Due to the death of key organizer "Mister Fireworks" Jim Larson and a [[Financial crisis of 2007–2010|poor economy]], the show was not held in 2009. A shorter, redesigned show debuted in 2010 and brought in approximately 35,000 people. As of 2019, The Historic Trust (formerly the "Fort Vancouver National Trust") continues to organize the fireworks event. + +4 Days of Aloha, also known as the Hawaiian Festival, takes place in late July in Esther Short Park, Clark College, and Fort Vancouver. Started in 2012 by "Aunty" Deva Yamashiro, a hula dancer and self-appointed cultural ambassador for Hawaii, the festival features live music, dance performances, craft workshops, and a celebration of Hawaiian food, arts, and culture. + +Late August features the [[Vancouver Wine and Jazz Festival]] in Esther Short Park, which brought 13,500 attendees in 2012 and which is considered the largest jazz festival in the [[Pacific Northwest]]. + +==Local media== +Vancouver is located within the Portland media market for print, radio, and television media. It does, however, serve as the hometown for some media, including: +* ''[[The Columbian]]'' +* ''[[The Oregonian]]'' (based in Portland, Oregon; also covers some southwest Washington news) +* ''[[The Vancouver Voice]]'' was, at one time, southwest Washington's only alternative periodical, published from 2006 to 2011. + +==Transportation== +{{see also|Port of Vancouver USA}} +[[File:C-Tran Gillig low-floor hybrid bus on Washington St in downtown (2017).jpg|thumb|Vancouver's [[public transit]] service is provided by [[C-Tran (Washington)|C-Tran]].]] + +Vancouver has two interstate freeways, [[Interstate 5 in Washington|I-5]] and [[Interstate 205 (Oregon-Washington)|I-205]], both of which run north–south, across the [[Columbia River]] into Portland and toward [[Seattle]]. It also has two heavily travelled [[state highway]]s within the city limits. [[Washington State Route 14|SR 14]] begins at I-5 in downtown Vancouver and makes its way east. It is a freeway all the way until [[Camas, Washington|Camas]]. [[Washington State Route 500|SR 500]] begins from I-5 at 39th Street in north Vancouver, travels east connecting with I-205, and continues east into the suburb of Orchards where the freeway terminates at Fourth Plain Boulevard, and meets with the south end of north–south-oriented 117th Ave., [[Washington State Route 503|SR 503]]. A third state highway, [[Washington State Route 501|SR 501]], starts at I-5 and heads west through downtown and continues along a path that runs between the Columbia River and Vancouver Lake. Route 501 – SR501 dead ends a few miles north of Vancouver. + +The area's mass transit system is [[C-Tran (Washington)|C-Tran]], the Clark County Public Transportation Benefit Area Authority, which operates 135 buses, vanpools, and paratransit vehicles. There are also a number of express routes into Portland's downtown. + +In 1995, Clark County voters defeated a ballot measure that would have funded extension of Portland's [[MAX Light Rail]] system north into Vancouver.{{r|oregonian_19950208_lightrailrejected}} Opposition to paying for light rail was strong at that time, but slowly declined over the following several years, eventually leading Vancouver officials to begin discussing the idea again.{{r|oregonian_20010326_lightrail|secondlook}} Meanwhile, [[TriMet]] reconstituted its planned MAX line to Vancouver as a shorter line running only within Portland, which could potentially be extended across the river and into Clark County at a later date. This extension of the MAX system opened in 2004 as the [[MAX Yellow Line|Yellow Line]],{{r|makingtracks}} running as far north as the [[Portland Metropolitan Exposition Center|Portland Expo Center]], approximately {{convert|1|mi|km|0}} south of downtown Vancouver. Vancouver voters have rejected light rail operations monies in connection with the [[Columbia River Crossing]] proposal.{{r|columbian_20121106_lightrailrejected}} + +Vancouver has always been well served by rail; current freight railroads operating in Vancouver include the [[BNSF Railway|BNSF]], [[Union Pacific Railroad|Union Pacific]], and the local shortline [[Lewis and Clark Railway]]. [[Amtrak]], the national passenger rail system, provides service to [[Vancouver station (Washington)|Vancouver Station]]. The long-distance [[Coast Starlight]] and [[Empire Builder]] serve the city, as well as the regional [[Amtrak Cascades|Amtrak ''Cascades'']]. + +[[Pearson Field]], located near downtown Vancouver, is the main airport serving the city. The airport is intended primarily for general aviation without any commercial air service. The nearest commercial airport is [[Portland International Airport]] (PDX). + +In 2008, Vancouver passed a citywide law requiring anyone on a wheeled device such as a bicycle, skateboard, scooter or skates to wear a helmet while on any sidewalk, street, trail or other public property. Many local cyclists opposed the law as a misuse of city funds and police efforts, as well as encroachment on personal freedoms. Despite opposition from the public, the Vancouver City Council passed the measure 5–1 with then Mayor Royce Pollard saying, "...statistics be damned. I support this."{{r|bikeportland_20080225_helmetlaw|columbian_20080226_helmetlaw}} + +==Sister cities== +Vancouver has one [[Twin towns and sister cities|sister city:]] + +* {{flagicon|Japan}} [[Joyo, Kyoto|Joyo]], [[Kyoto Prefecture|Kyoto]], [[Kansai region|Kansai]], Japan + +Vancouver previously had a sister-city relationship with [[Arequipa]], [[Peru]], between 1961 and 1993, but that relationship ended. + +==Notable people== +{{Main|List of people from Vancouver, Washington}} + +==See also== +* [[List of mayors of Vancouver, Washington]] + +==References== +{{reflist|1=30em|refs= +{{cite web |url=http://geonames.usgs.gov|access-date = January 31, 2008 |title=US Board on Geographic Names |publisher=[[United States Geological Survey]] |date=October 25, 2007}} + +{{cite web 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|access-date = September 16, 2012 }}{{dead link|bot=medic|date=April 2020}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}} + +{{cite web |title=History of Vancouver – Early Northwest Native People |publisher=City of Vancouver |url=http://www.cityofvancouver.us/cmo/page/early-northwest-native-people | access-date = July 12, 2013}} + +{{cite web |title=US Gazetteer files 2010 |url=https://www.census.gov/geo/www/gazetteer/files/Gaz_places_national.txt |publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]] |access-date = December 19, 2012 |url-status = dead |archive-url = https://www.webcitation.org/64vfLAeJ2?url=http://www.census.gov/geo/www/gazetteer/files/Gaz_places_national.txt |archive-date = January 24, 2012}} + +{{cite web |title=Population Estimates |url=https://census.gov/data/tables/2018/demo/popest/total-cities-and-towns.html |publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]]|access-date = June 5, 2019}} + +{{cite web |title=U.S. Census website |url=https://www.census.gov |publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]]|access-date = December 19, 2012}} + +{{cite web |url=http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/53/5374060.html |title=UNITED STATES QuickFacts from the US Census Bureau |website=Quickfacts.census.gov |date=|access-date = December 3, 2016}} + +{{cite book |last=Jollata |first=Pat |title=Images of America: Downtown Vancouver |publisher=Arcadia Publishing |year=2004 |isbn=0-7385-2959-1}} +Vancouver Business Journal ''Book of Lists 2007'', p. 24. + +{{cite news |title=City of Vancouver agrees to buy Columbian office building for $18.5 million |author=Allan Brettman |url=http://www.oregonlive.com/business/index.ssf/2010/06/city_of_vancouver_agrees_to_bu.html |newspaper=The Oregonian |date=June 3, 2010 |access-date = April 20, 2012}} + +{{cite news |last=Mize |first=Jeffrey |title=Many mourn loss of Vancouver's Mr. Fireworks |work=[[The Columbian]] |date=March 18, 2009}} + +{{cite news |last=Damewood |first=Andrea |title=Fourth at the Fort recovers costs, generates warm feelings |work=[[The Columbian]] |date=July 27, 2010 |url=http://www.columbian.com/news/2010/jul/27/fourth-at-the-fort-recovers-costs-generates-warm-f/|access-date = July 28, 2010}} + +{{cite news |last=Hamilton |first=Don |title=Cities take a second look at light rail/Anti-MAX cities reconsider views |work=[[Portland Tribune]] |date=April 18, 2002 |url=http://portlandtribune.com/pt/9-news/117353-cities-take-a-second-look-at-light-rail-anti-max-cities-reconsider-views|access-date = August 10, 2017}} + +{{cite news |title=Making tracks to the MAX |first=Don |last=Hamilton |work=[[Portland Tribune]] |date=April 30, 2004 |url=http://www.portlandtribune.com/news/story.php?story_id=23819 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120331125643/http://www.portlandtribune.com/news/story.php?story_id=23819|archive-date = March 31, 2012|access-date = December 31, 2015}} + +{{cite news |last=Rice |first=Stephanie |title=City has one sister, not sure it can handle another |url=http://blogs.columbian.com/all-politics-is-local/2013/05/17/to-dubrovnik-with-reservation/ |newspaper=The Columbian |date=May 17, 2013}} + +{{cite web |url=http://cityofvancouver.us/charter.asp?menuid=10462&submenuid=10479&itemID=11398|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101121131226/http://cityofvancouver.us/charter.asp?menuid=10462&submenuid=10479&itemID=11398|url-status=dead|archive-date=November 21, 2010 |title=Article I – Government – City Charter – City Government – City of Vancouver, Washington, USA |date=November 21, 2010}} + +{{cite news |title=Best Places to Live |url=https://money.cnn.com/magazines/moneymag/bplive/2005/top100/top100_4.html |publisher=CNN |year=2005}} + +{{cite web |url=https://wallethub.com/edu/best-cities-for-families/4435/ |title=2016's Best & Worst Cities for Families|access-date=February 11, 2017}} + +{{cite news |url=http://www.columbian.com/news/2018/may/11/visit-vancouver-tourism-up-waterfront-will-draw/ |title=Visit Vancouver: Tourism up, waterfront will draw |accessdate=May 29, 2018 |newspaper=[[The Columbian]]}} + +{{cite web |url=https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20180206006273/en/Gramor-Development-Signs-Major-Office-Tenant-Chicago |title=Gramor Development, Inc. Signs Major Office Tenant with Chicago Title & Fidelity National Title: Longtime Vancouver business secures 10,000+ square feet lease on second floor of Block 6 East at The Waterfront |accessdate=May 29, 2018 |publisher=[[Business Wire]]}} + +{{cite web |url=https://www.ajot.com/news/m-v-interlink-amenity-calls-the-port-of-vancouver-usa-on-her-maiden-voyage |title=M/V Interlink Amenity calls the Port of Vancouver USA on her maiden voyage |accessdate=May 29, 2018 |publisher=American Journal of Transportation}} + +{{cite news |url=http://www.businessweek.com/news/2012-03-29/fisher-lured-to-washington-woods-offering-tax-haven#p1 |title=Fisher Lured to Washington Woods Offering Tax Haven |last=Robison |first=Peter |date=March 29, 2012 |work=[[Bloomberg Businessweek]] |accessdate=March 29, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150625233751/http://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2012-03-29/fisher-lured-to-washington-woods-offering-tax-haven|archive-date=June 25, 2015}} + +{{cite web |archivedate=June 1, 2009 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090601093700/http://www.vanvoice.com/article/19677-vantucky-meets-tin-pan-alley |title=Vantucky meets Tin Pan Alley |publisher=vanvoice.com |date=June 1, 2009 |accessdate=May 10, 2012 |url=http://www.vanvoice.com/article/19677-vantucky-meets-tin-pan-alley}} + +[https://web.archive.org/web/20120302024853/http://vanvoice.com/article?articleTitle=you%2Bknow%2Byour%2Bfrom%2Bvantucky%2Bif...--1287789309--453-- ] + +{{cite news |url=http://www.oregonlive.com/clark-county/index.ssf/2011/05/cafe_offers_vantucky_strikes_back_t-shirts_humor_along_with_coffee.html |title=Cafe offers 'Vantucky Strikes Back' T-shirts, humor along with coffee |date=May 17, 2011 |work=[[The Oregonian]] |accessdate=June 5, 2011}} + +{{cite news |url=http://clarkcountyblog.com/vancouver-coffee-shop-strikes-back-and-abides-withlatest-couve-tshirt-promotion/ |title=Vancouver coffee shop Strikes Back and Abides with latest Couve T-shirt promotion |date=May 16, 2011 |work=The Oregonian News Network |accessdate=June 5, 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110522090127/http://clarkcountyblog.com/vancouver-coffee-shop-strikes-back-and-abides-withlatest-couve-tshirt-promotion/|archive-date=May 22, 2011|url-status=dead}} + +{{cite web |url=http://www.stumpedinstumptown.com/2011/03/portlands-wacky-and-wonderful-neighboring-cities/ |title=Portland's wacky and wonderful neighboring cities. |date=March 29, 2011 |work=Stumped in Stumptown |accessdate=June 5, 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120325002333/http://www.stumpedinstumptown.com/2011/03/portlands-wacky-and-wonderful-neighboring-cities/|archive-date=March 25, 2012}} + +{{cite news |url=http://www.columbian.com/news/2011/jun/05/maneuver-by-council-makes-county-look-like-podunkv/ |title=Maneuver by council makes county look like Podunkville (commentary) |last=Jayne |first=Greg |date=June 5, 2011 |work=[[The Columbian]] |accessdate=June 5, 2011 |quote=Because part of the impact of bringing professional baseball to town would be in helping Vancouver to shed its image as Podunkville. As Vantucky. As a sleepy little burg that is a suburb of Portland.|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110702162158/http://www.columbian.com/news/2011/jun/05/maneuver-by-council-makes-county-look-like-podunkv/|archive-date=July 2, 2011}} + +{{cite web |url=http://wweek.com/editorial/3319/8709/ |title=Welcome To The 'Couv |publisher=Wweek.com |date=March 21, 2007 |accessdate=May 10, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100115021107/http://wweek.com/editorial/3319/8709/ |archive-date=January 15, 2010 |url-status=dead}} + +{{cite web |last=Smith |first=Roxann Gess |url=http://gesswhoto.com/ns-chronology.html |title=– Native Sons 1900 |publisher=Gesswhoto.com |accessdate=May 10, 2012}} + +{{cite journal |author=Native Sons of Oregon |year=1901 |title=The Oregon Native Son |url=https://archive.org/details/oregonnativeson02nati/page/n655 |journal=Oregon Native Son and Historical Magazine |publisher=Native Son Publishing Company |volume=2 |pages=324 |oclc=7748147 |access-date=November 6, 2019 |quote=Called by the Chinooks Skit-so-to-ho, and Ala-si-kas by the Klikitats. Its meaning is "place of mud-turtles."}} + +{{cite web |url=https://dahp.wa.gov/sites/default/files/glosurveyorsnotes_0.pdf |title=GLO Surveyor Personal Notes |publisher=Washington State Department of Archaeology and Historic Preservation |author=Olson, Jerry |date=March 30, 2014 |accessdate=August 29, 2019}} + +{{cite web |url=http://www.historylink.org/File/9101 |date=August 7, 2009|access-date=November 6, 2019 |last=Jollota |first=Pat |title=Vancouver – Thumbnail History |number=9101|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161019041802/http://www.historylink.org/File/9101|archive-date=October 19, 2016}} + +{{cite news |title=Single Vote Robbed Vancouver of State Capitol |newspaper=The Columbian |url=http://www.columbian.com/history/Vancouver/vancouvercapitol.cfm |accessdate=November 18, 2007 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927174307/http://www.columbian.com/history/Vancouver/vancouvercapitol.cfm |archivedate=September 27, 2007}} + +{{cite web |last=Oldham |first=Kit |date=January 15, 2003 |title=Governor Isaac Stevens selects Olympia as capital of Washington Territory on November 28, 1853. |publisher=HistoryLink.org |url=http://www.historylink.org/essays/output.cfm?file_id=5054 |accessdate=November 18, 2007 |number=5054}} + +{{cite web |title=Senate Resolution 8636 |publisher=Washington State Legislature |year=2005 |url=http://lawfilesext.leg.wa.gov/biennium/2005-06/Pdf/Bills/Senate%20Resolutions/8636-City%20of%20Olympia.pdf | access-date=November 6, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170221024830/http://lawfilesext.leg.wa.gov/biennium/2005-06/Pdf/Bills/Senate%20Resolutions/8636-City%20of%20Olympia.pdf|archive-date=February 21, 2017}} + +{{cite web |title=About Vancouver's 150th Anniversary |publisher=City of Vancouver |url=http://www.cityofvancouver.us/150th.asp? |accessdate=November 18, 2007 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070927234859/http://www.cityofvancouver.us/150th.asp | archive-date = September 27, 2007 | url-status = dead}} + +{{cite web |url=http://www.cityofvancouver.us/annexation.asp?menuid=10463&submenuid=16654&itemID=16659|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061005225945/http://www.cityofvancouver.us/annexation.asp?menuid=10463&submenuid=16654&itemID=16659|url-status=dead|archive-date=October 5, 2006 |title=Vancouver's annexation history – Annexation – Building, Planning & Environment – City of Vancouver, Washington, USA |date=October 5, 2006}} + +{{cite web |url=http://www.komotv.com/stories/40936.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051226111733/http://www.komotv.com/stories/40936.htm |url-status=dead |archive-date=December 26, 2005 |title=Annexation Would Make Vancouver State's Second Largest City |publisher=komotv.com |date=December 23, 2005 |accessdate=May 10, 2012}} + +{{cite web |title=Columbia River Bridges |publisher=Southwest Washington Regional Transportation Council |url=https://www.rtc.wa.gov/data/traffic/bridges/daily.asp | access-date = November 6, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190207181904/https://www.rtc.wa.gov/data/traffic/bridges/daily.asp|archive-date=February 7, 2019}} + +{{cite web |url=https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/decennial-census.html |title=Census of Population and Housing |author=United States Census Bureau |accessdate=September 19, 2013|author-link=United States Census Bureau}} + +{{cite web |url=http://taxfoundation.org/state-tax-climate/washington |title=Tax Policy Washington |publisher=The Tax Foundation |accessdate=February 10, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190914100020/https://taxfoundation.org/state/washington/|archive-date=September 14, 2019}} + +{{cite web |url=http://taxfoundation.org/state-tax-climate/oregon |title=Tax Policy Oregon |publisher=The Tax Foundation |accessdate=February 10, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170106222936/http://taxfoundation.org/state-tax-climate/oregon|archive-date=January 6, 2017}} + +{{cite web |last=Goodman |first=Josh |url=https://www.pewtrusts.org/en/research-and-analysis/blogs/stateline/2012/04/18/how-two-state-tax-systems-have-and-havent-shaped-metro-portland |title=How Two State Tax Systems Have (and Haven't) Shaped Metro Portland |publisher=The Pew Charitable Trusts |date=April 18, 2012 |access-date=August 1, 2019}} + +{{cite journal |last1=Strombom, Phd. |first1=Bruce |last2=Schatzki, Phd. |first2=Todd |title=Vancouver Energy Project to Generate $2 Billion in Economic Value |journal=The National Law Review |date=September 1, 2014 |url=http://www.natlawreview.com/article/vancouver-energy-project-to-generate-2-billion-economic-value |accessdate=September 15, 2014 |publisher=ANALYSIS GROUP|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181011120805/https://www.natlawreview.com/article/vancouver-energy-project-to-generate-2-billion-economic-value|archive-date=October 11, 2018}} + +{{cite web |last=Bernton |first=Hal |url=https://www.portvanusa.com/news-releases/gov-inslee-rejects-vancouver-energy-project-application/ |title=Vancouver Energy ends bid to build nation's biggest oil-train terminal along Columbia River |date=February 27, 2018|access-date=November 6, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180228010313/https://www.seattletimes.com/seattle-news/no-oil-train-terminal-on-the-columbia-river-vancouver-energy-gives-up-plan/|archive-date=February 28, 2018}} + +{{cite web |url=http://www.cityofvancouver.us/sites/default/files/fileattachments/financial_and_management_services/page/1060/cityofvancouver2012cafr.pdf |title=City of Vancouver Comprehensive Annual Financial Report |page=186 |accessdate=September 19, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130921053538/http://www.cityofvancouver.us/sites/default/files/fileattachments/financial_and_management_services/page/1060/cityofvancouver2012cafr.pdf|archive-date=September 21, 2013}} + +{{Cite web |url=http://esd112news.org/2017/01/13/clark-county-skills-center-becomes-cascadia-technical-academy/ |title=Clark County Skills Center becomes Cascadia Technical Academy {{!}} ESD 112 News |website=esd112news.org |access-date=September 15, 2017}} + +{{cite web |title=Quick Facts |publisher=SW Washington Convention and Visitors Bureau |url=http://www.southwestwashington.com/quick_facts.asp |accessdate=November 18, 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060318011447/http://www.southwestwashington.com/quick_facts.asp|archive-date=March 18, 2006}} + +{{cite web |url=http://www.eastforkcellars.com/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081204081825/http://www.eastforkcellars.com/ |archive-date=December 4, 2008 |title=EFC Home |publisher=East Fork Cellars |accessdate=December 3, 2016|url-status=dead}} + +{{cite web |url=http://www.cityofvancouver.us/sites/default/files/fileattachments/city_council/calendar_event/14776/00_min_-_minutes-april_28_2014.pdf |title=Vancouver City Council Minutes – April 28, 2014 |website=Cityofvancouver.us |accessdate=December 3, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180124070543/http://www.cityofvancouver.us/sites/default/files/fileattachments/city_council/calendar_event/14776/00_min_-_minutes-april_28_2014.pdf|archive-date=January 24, 2018}} + +{{cite web |url=https://vancouversymphony.org/vso-history/ |title=Building a Legacy of Leaders through Music, Education and Community Partnerships |website=vancouversymphony.org |date=July 18, 2017 |accessdate=November 6, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191106103915/https://vancouversymphony.org/vso-history/|archive-date=November 6, 2019}} + +{{cite web |last=Hewitt |first=Scott |url=https://www.columbian.com/news/2018/jun/22/rocks-annual-recycled-arts-festival-vancouver/ |title=Recycling rocks at annual Recycled Arts Festival in Vancouver |website=Clark County Recycled Arts Festival |date=June 22, 2018 |accessdate=August 1, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190802202052/https://www.columbian.com/news/2018/jun/22/rocks-annual-recycled-arts-festival-vancouver/|archive-date=August 2, 2019}} + +{{cite web |url=https://www.thehistorictrust.org/about-us/ |title=About the Historic Trust |website=The Historic Trust|access-date=November 6, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191106105310/https://www.thehistorictrust.org/about-us/|archive-date=November 6, 2019}} + +{{cite web |url=https://www.thehistorictrust.org/calendar/vancouvers-fireworks-spectacular-2020-07-04/ |title=Vancouver's Fireworks Spectacular 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191106105543/https://www.thehistorictrust.org/calendar/vancouvers-fireworks-spectacular-2020-07-04/|archive-date=November 6, 2019}} + +{{cite web |last=Hewitt |first=Scott |url=https://www.columbian.com/news/2019/jul/26/spirit-of-aunty-lives-on-at-four-days-of-aloha-in-esther-short-park/ |title=Spirit of 'Aunty' lives on at Four Days of Aloha in Esther Short Park |website=[[The Columbian]] |date=July 26, 2019 |accessdate=August 1, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190802203336/https://www.columbian.com/news/2019/jul/26/spirit-of-aunty-lives-on-at-four-days-of-aloha-in-esther-short-park/|archive-date=August 2, 2019}} + +{{cite news |last=Canton |first=Melanie |title=Annual Vancouver Wine and Jazz Festival 2011 |url=http://www.clarkcountylive.com/clark-county/annual-vancouver-wine-and-jazz-festival-2011 |newspaper=Clark County Live |date=July 25, 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190110234938/https://clarkcountylive.com/annual-vancouver-wine-and-jazz-festival-2011/|archive-date=January 10, 2019|url-status=dead}} + +{{cite news |url=http://www.columbian.com/news/2012/aug/28/vancouver-wine-and-jazz-festival-draws-about-13500/ |title=Vancouver Wine and Jazz Festival draws about 13,500 attendees |last=Vorenberg |first=Sue |date=August 27, 2012 |newspaper=[[The Columbian]]|access-date=January 9, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190414143341/https://www.columbian.com/news/2012/aug/28/vancouver-wine-and-jazz-festival-draws-about-13500/|archive-date=April 14, 2019}} + +{{cite news |last=Stewart |first=Bill |date=February 8, 1995 |title=Clark County turns down north-south light rail. |newspaper=[[The Oregonian]] |page=A1}} + +{{cite news |last=Church |first=Foster |date=March 26, 2001 |title=Vancouver mayor revives discussion of light rail. |newspaper=[[The Oregonian]]}} + +{{cite news |last=Florip |first=Eric |url=http://www.columbian.com/news/2012/nov/06/voters-soundly-reject-c-tran-measure-outcome-deliv/ |title=Voters soundly reject C-Tran measure |newspaper=The Columbian |date=November 6, 2012 |access-date=December 3, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121110091404/http://www.columbian.com/news/2012/nov/06/voters-soundly-reject-c-tran-measure-outcome-deliv|archive-date=November 10, 2012}} + +{{cite news |last=Maus |first=Jonathan |title=Updated: Vancouver passes all-ages helmet law |url=http://bikeportland.org/2008/02/25/vancouver-passes-all-ages-helmet-law/ |website=Bikeportland.org |date=February 25, 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190110235108/https://bikeportland.org/2008/02/25/vancouver-passes-all-ages-helmet-law-6771|archive-date=January 10, 2019}} + +{{cite news |last=Mize |first=Jeffrey |title=Vancouver city council enacts helmet law |url=http://www.columbian.com/news/localNews/2008/02/02262008_Vancouver-city-council-enacts-helmet-law.cfm |work=[[The Columbian]] |date=February 26, 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080306034854/http://www.columbian.com/news/localNews/2008/02/02262008_Vancouver-city-council-enacts-helmet-law.cfm|archive-date=March 6, 2008}} + +{{cite web |url=http://www.ltgov.wa.gov/International/Washington%20Organizations/Sisters/ |title=Organizations |publisher=ltgov.wa.gov |accessdate=May 10, 2012 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121105144331/http://www.ltgov.wa.gov/International/Washington%20Organizations/Sisters/ |archivedate=November 5, 2012}} + +{{cite web|url=http://columbiariverimages.com/Regions/Places/broughton_1792.html|title=George Vancouver and William Broughton, 1792|publisher=Columbia River Images|access-date=14 February 2020}} + +{{cite web|url=https://www.cityofvancouver.us/ourcity/page/vancouver-and-columbia-river-our-history-text-version-page-1|title=Vancouver and the Columbia River - Our History, page 1|publisher=City of Vancouver Washington|access-date=14 February 2020}} + +{{cite book|url=https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=mdp.39015027074981;view=1up;seq=286|title=Origin of Washington geographic names|last=Meany|first=Edmond S.|publisher=University of Washington Press|year=1923|location=Seattle|page=270}} + +}} + +==External links== +{{Commons category}} +* {{wikivoyage-inline|Vancouver (Washington)|Vancouver, Washington}} +* [http://www.cityofvancouver.us/ City of Vancouver official website], including [[anniversary|sesquicentennial]] [https://web.archive.org/web/20070927234859/http://www.cityofvancouver.us/150th.asp timeline] +* [http://www.access.wa.gov/ Access Washington website] +* [http://www.nps.gov/fova/ Fort Vancouver National Historic Site] +* [http://www.vancouverusa.com/ Vancouver Chamber of Commerce official website] +* [http://www.visitvancouverusa.com/ Vancouver USA Regional Tourism Office] + +{{Clark County, Washington}} +{{Portland, Oregon Radio}} +{{Portland TV}} +{{Washington}} +{{Washington cities and mayors of 100,000 population}} +{{Authority control}} + +[[Category:Vancouver, Washington| ]] +[[Category:Cities in Washington (state)]] +[[Category:Cities in Clark County, Washington]] +[[Category:County seats in Washington (state)]] +[[Category:Washington (state) populated places on the Columbia River]] +[[Category:Portland metropolitan area]] +[[Category:Cities in the Portland metropolitan area]] +[[Category:Ukrainian communities in the United States]] +[[Category:1857 establishments in Washington Territory]] diff --git a/en.wikipedia.org/Whitehorse_High_School/article.txt b/en.wikipedia.org/Whitehorse_High_School/article.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..10db0df --- /dev/null +++ b/en.wikipedia.org/Whitehorse_High_School/article.txt @@ -0,0 +1,97 @@ +{{Infobox school +| name = Whitehorse High School +| image = Whitehorse High School in Montezuma Creek, Utah, USA, in November 2018.jpg +| imagesize = +| caption = +| motto = +| streetaddress = State Highway #262 +| city =[[Montezuma Creek, Utah|Montezuma Creek]] +| state = [[Utah]] +| zipcode = 84534 +| country = USA +| url = [http://schools.sjsd.org/whitehorse-high http://schools.sjsd.org/whitehorse-high] +| principal = Kim Schaefer +| fundingtype = [[Public school (government funded)|Public]] +| schooltype = [[High school#United States|high school]] +| grades = 7-12 +| mascot = +| conference = +| colors = +| newspaper = +| yearbook = +| founded = 1978 +| class = +| enrollment = 262 +| enrollment_as_of = 2017-2018 +| coordinates = {{Coord|37|15|58.67|N|109|18|44.5|W|format=dms|display=inline,title|type:edu_region:US-UT}} +| pushpin_map = USA Utah +| pushpin_map_caption = Location of school in Utah +| pushpin_label_position = top +| us_nces_school_id = {{NCES School ID|490090000667|school_name=White Horse High School|access_date=2018-11-27}} +}} + +'''Whitehorse High School''' is located in [[Montezuma Creek, Utah]]. The school is in the [[San Juan School District]], and serves grades 7–12. + +In the 2017–2018 school year, several organizations assisted Whitehorse High School students participate in programs promoting use of the [[Navajo language]] including the San Juan School District Bilingual Education Department and the [[Navajo Nation]] Johnson O'Malley Indian Education Committee. + +==References== +{{reflist|refs= + +{{cite news +| first = JoAnna +| last = Bethea +| url = http://www.sjrnews.com/view/full_story/27560327/article-Bilingual-education-efforts-in-San-Juan +| title = Bilingual education efforts in San Juan +| date = 2018-04-10 +| access-date = 2020-03-27 +| work = San Juan Record +| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20181127030615/http://www.sjrnews.com/view/full_story/27560327/article-Bilingual-education-efforts-in-San-Juan +| archive-date = 2018-11-27 +| url-status = live +}} + +{{cite web +| title = Search for Public Schools - School Detail for Whitehorse High +| publisher = National Center for Education Statistics +| url = https://nces.ed.gov/ccd/schoolsearch/school_detail.asp?Search=1&ID=490090000667 +| access-date = 2018-11-26 +| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20181127033623/https://nces.ed.gov/ccd/schoolsearch/school_detail.asp?Search=1&ID=490090000667 +| archive-date = 2018-11-27 +| url-status = live +}} + +{{cite web +| title = About Us - White Horse High School +| website = San Juan School District +| url = http://schools.sjsd.org/whitehorse-high/about-us +| access-date = 2018-11-27 +| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20180504030345/http://schools.sjsd.org/whitehorse-high/about-us +| archive-date = 2018-05-04 +| url-status = live +}} + +{{cite web +| title = Whitehorse High School Staff Directory (SY19) +| website = San Juan School District +| url = http://schools.sjsd.org/files/WHSstaffDirectorySY19.pdf +| access-date = 2018-11-27 +| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20181127040232/http://schools.sjsd.org/files/WHSstaffDirectorySY19.pdf +| archive-date = 2018-11-27 +| url-status = live +}} + +}} + +==External links== +*[http://schools.sjsd.org/whitehorse-high Whitehorse High School website] +*[http://www.sjsd.org/ San Juan School District website] + +{{San Juan County, Utah Schools}} + +{{authority control}} + +[[Category:Public high schools in Utah]] +[[Category:Schools in San Juan County, Utah]] + + +{{Utah-school-stub}} diff --git "a/en.wikipedia.org/Yokohama_Kaidashi_Kik\305\215/article.txt" "b/en.wikipedia.org/Yokohama_Kaidashi_Kik\305\215/article.txt" new file mode 100644 index 0000000..781f079 --- /dev/null +++ "b/en.wikipedia.org/Yokohama_Kaidashi_Kik\305\215/article.txt" @@ -0,0 +1,355 @@ +{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2020}} +{{Infobox animanga/Header +| name = Yokohama Kaidashi Kikō +| image = Yokohama Kaidashi Kikō volume 1.jpeg +| caption = ''Yokohama Kaidashi Kikō'' Japanese cover volume 1 +| ja_kanji = ヨコハマ買い出し紀行 +| ja_romaji = +| genre = [[Science fiction]], [[slice of life]] +}} +{{Infobox animanga/Print +| type = manga +| author = [[Hitoshi Ashinano]] +| publisher = [[Kodansha]] +| demographic = ''[[Seinen manga|Seinen]]'' +| magazine = [[Monthly Afternoon]] +| first = June 1994 +| last = February 2006 +| volumes = 14 +| volume_list = #Manga +}} +{{Infobox animanga/Video +| type = ova +| director = Takashi Annō +| producer = {{ubl|RyÅ«ji Katō|Seiji Suzuki|Masahiro Okamura}} +| writer = +| music = [[Gontiti]] +| studio = [[Ajia-do Animation Works]] +| first = 21 May 1998 +| last = 2 December 1998 +| runtime = 28 minutes each +| episodes = 2 +| episode_list = +}} +{{Infobox animanga/Video +| type = ova +| title = Quiet Country Cafe +| director = [[Tomomi Mochizuki]] +| producer = Naomi Sudō +| writer = Tomomi Mochizuki +| music = Choro Club +| studio = Ajia-do Animation Works +| first = 18 December 2002 +| last = 5 March 2003 +| runtime = 32 minutes each +| episodes = 2 +| episode_list = +}} +{{Infobox animanga/Footer}} + +{{Nihongo|'''''Yokohama Kaidashi Kikō'''''|ヨコハマ買い出し紀行|lead=yes}} is a [[science fiction]] [[manga]] written and illustrated by [[Hitoshi Ashinano]]. The title can be translated as '''''Yokohama Shopping Log''''' or '''''Record of a Yokohama Shopping Trip'''''. One [[tankōbon]] volume can be found at the publisher's former English language website,{{cite web | url=http://www.kodanclub.com/cgi-local/comic.cgi?id=009-00029-01-001 | title= Yokohama Kaidashi Kiko (1) Quiet Country Cafe (1) | publisher=[[Kodansha]] | accessdate=27 January 2009 | archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20071211212104/http://www.kodanclub.com/cgi-local/comic.cgi?id=009-00029-01-001 | archivedate=11 December 2007}} and the second [[original video animation]] (OVA) series has the subtitle ''Quiet Country Cafe'' in English. The series is often referred to in [[wāpuro rōmaji]] as ''Yokohama Kaidashi Kikou'', or simply abbreviated as ''YKK'' by fans outside Japan. + +The manga was serialized in [[Kodansha]]'s ''[[Monthly Afternoon]]'' magazine from June 1994 to February 2006, with a concluding postscript episode in July 2006, and collected in 14 [[tankōbon]] volumes. Parts of the story were adapted as two [[Original video animation|OVA]] anime series of two episodes each. + +The series depicts the daily life of a robot who runs a coffee shop some time after the Earth's ecology has collapsed. It is noted for its spare [[pen and ink|pen-and-ink]] drawing style, as well as its calm, meticulously paced stories and engaging characters. ''Yokohama Kaidashi Kikō'' won the 2007 [[Seiun Award]] for best science fiction comic. + +==Plot== +''Yokohama Kaidashi Kikō'' is set in a peaceful, [[Post-apocalyptic|post-cataclysmic]] world where mankind is in decline after an environmental disaster. Exactly what happened is never explained, but sea levels have risen significantly, inundating coastal cities such as [[Yokohama]], [[Mount Fuji]] erupted in living memory, and climate change has occurred. With the seasons being less pronounced, the winters are milder and the summer isn't scorching anymore. The reduced human population has reverted to a simpler life, and the reader is told this is the twilight of the human age. One scene depicts an anti-aircraft missile being used in a firework display. Instead of raging against their fate, humans are quietly accepting. + +Alpha Hatsuseno is an [[android (robot)|android]] ("robot person") who runs an out-of-the-way [[Coffeehouse|coffee shop]], Café Alpha, on the lonely coast of the [[Miura Peninsula]] of [[Japan]], while her human "owner" is on a trip of indefinite length. Though she spends much of her time alone, Alpha is cheerful, gregarious, and—unlike the slowly declining humans—immortal. + +Most chapters of ''Yokohama Kaidashi Kikō'' are self-contained [[slice-of-life]] episodes depicting Alpha in daily activities, either alone, with customers, or on occasional trips through the countryside or into [[Yokohama]] for supplies (whence the "shopping log" of the title came). Whole chapters are devoted to brewing [[coffee]], taking photographs, or repairing a tiny [[model aircraft]] engine, sometimes with only a few lines of dialogue. Through Alpha's experiences, the author brings out the small wonders of everyday life and makes the reader aware of their passing: the aircraft engine runs out of fuel; her [[Scooter (motorcycle)|scooter]] breaks down; the rising ocean encroaches on her coffee shop; the neighborhood children she loves grow up and move away. In evoking a nostalgia for this loss, Ashinano follows the Japanese tradition of ''[[mono no aware]]'' (sadness for the transience of things).{{cite web | url=http://www22.brinkster.com/gzeus/YKK%20review%20v3.htm | title=Yet another review of Yokohama Kaidashi Kikou | author=Jonathan Maniago | accessdate=16 December 2007}} + +Though often self-contained, the stories have continuity—relationships grow and change, and seemingly insignificant details reappear later. Ashinano explains few details of Alpha's world, leaving mysteries that engage the reader as the series unfolds in a meandering progression, by turns funny, touching, and nostalgic.{{cite web | title=Yuri Manga:Yokohama Shopping Log Volume 14 | url=http://okazu.yuricon.com/2006/09/21/yuri-mangayokohama-shopping-log-volume-14/ | author=Erica Friedman | accessdate=10 July 2007}}{{cite web | title=Yokohama Kaidashi Kikou – Quiet Country Café | url=http://www.oomu.org/yokohama.html | author=Michel Galle | language=French | accessdate=10 July 2007}} + +==Characters== +[[File:Kokone YKK vol5.jpg|thumb|right|Alpha (left) and Kokone (right) from a color page of the manga]] +;{{Nihongo|Alpha Hatsuseno|初瀬野 アルファ|Hatsuseno Arufa}} +:{{Voiced by|[[Hekiru Shiina]]}} +:A type A7M2 robot, one of only three production prototypes, who runs Café Alpha in the absence of her owner (whose family name is Hatsuseno). Alpha is cheerful and thoughtful. She enjoys talking with her few customers, but is initially socially awkward and sheltered—despite being her model's prototype, at the start of the series she has met only a few people and no other robots. Because of this, when her owner departed, she declined to travel with him. As the series progresses, however, she grows more confident in her social skills, enough so that she spends a year traveling herself, and becomes more attached to her human friends even as they age and depart. Alpha is not very experienced about human behavior or appearances, she uses dishwasher liquid instead of brushing her teeth and doesn't think of her eye or hair color being strange. One of her unique abilities is that she is, according to her emotions, able to induce tears in her eye moisturizers. In her spare time, Alpha plays a [[Yueqin|gekkin]], carves small art objects with fish designs, and travels the local countryside on her scooter, investigating the remains of humanity's previous age and the emerging world to come. +;{{Nihongo|Kokone Takatsu|鷹津 ココネ|Takatsu Kokone|sometimes [[romaji|romanized]] as Cocone}} +:{{Voiced by|[[Akiko Nakagawa]]}} +:A type A7M3 production robot who works as a [[courier]] in what remains of [[Musashino, Tokyo]]. She is the first robot that Alpha meets, when she delivers a package (containing a camera) and a message from Alpha's owner. They soon become friends. Kokone is sweet, shy, and somewhat intellectual, but because of her job she has more experience with people than Alpha, and can sometimes pass for human. After meeting Alpha, her "older sister" production-wise, Kokone becomes curious about the history and nature of robots. Unlike Alpha, she is able to process animal protein. +;{{Nihongo|Ojisan|おじさん|Ojisan|"Uncle"}} +:{{Voiced by|Mikio Terashima (OVA 1), [[Shōzō Iizuka]] (OVA 2)}} +:A middle-aged man with a perpetual grin, he is Alpha's closest neighbor and a regular customer at her café. He runs a gas station and sells vegetables on the side. He is a grandfather-figure to Alpha and the actual grandfather of Takahiro. Ojisan refers to himself as a bum, and seems to regret not pursuing a relationship with Sensei when they were younger. His real name is never given. +; {{Nihongo|Sensei|せんせい||"Doctor"}} +:{{Voiced by|Ikuko Sugita}} +:An older woman, she is a doctor for both humans and androids. She was involved in the creation of the A7 series of robots,{{cite book | last=Ashinano | first=Hitoshi | authorlink=Hitoshi Ashinano | title=Yokohama Kaidashi Kikō | publisher=[[Kodansha]] | location=Tokyo | language=Japanese |date=March 1997 | isbn=978-4-06-321066-8 | series=Volume 4 | chapter=Chapter 28: Connections}} and hosted Director Alpha in her home, possibly as Director Alpha's owner.{{cite book | last=Ashinano | first=Hitoshi | authorlink=Hitoshi Ashinano | title=Yokohama Kaidashi Kikō | publisher=[[Kodansha]] | location=Tokyo | language=Japanese |date=March 2002 | isbn=978-4-06-321134-4 | series=Volume 9 | chapter=Chapter 82: Kuromatsu Road}} When she was younger, she rode motorcycles and raced hovercraft, and was Ojisan's [[senpai]] from school. Her surname is {{nihongo|Koumi'ishi|子海石||, lit. "child-sea-stone"}}, but she is always addressed by just her title. +;{{Nihongo|Takahiro|タカヒロ}} +:{{Voiced by|[[Akio Suyama]] (OVA 1), [[Toshiyuki Toyonaga]] (OVA 2)}} +:The grandson of Ojisan, who lives with his grandparents. He meets Alpha at age nine, and she quickly takes to him as if he were a younger brother. He is the first character in the series to meet the Misago. As he grows up, Takahiro becomes fascinated with engines of all types and eventually moves away in his mid-teens to work for Nai. +;{{Nihongo|Matsuki|真月||usually called Makki}} +:{{Voiced by|[[Miki Nagasawa]]}} +:A girl a few years younger than Takahiro. She likes Takahiro and is initially jealous of Alpha. Makki eventually becomes close to Alpha after learning the latter would never consider having a relationship with Takahiro because mortal humans move through time in a different way than immortal robots. She is skeptical of Takahiro's stories of the Misago until she meets the wild-woman herself. In her early teens, Makki works for a while at Alpha's café, before moving away to become a courier with Kokone's company, and then later to Hamamatsu to be with Takahiro. +;{{Nihongo|Misago|ミサゴ||"[[Osprey]]"}} +:An ageless wild-woman who lives in the inlets and bays near Café Alpha. She is always naked, and eats raw fish, crabs and insects caught using her short fangs and inhuman speed which enables her to run on water and easily jump 10 metres high. She only shows herself to young children, and shies away from contact with adults. She does not age and, according to [[omake]] material, does not understand how children grow up. While Ayase claims she existed "decades before" robots were created, it is later implied by Doctor that she is the first robot. Despite Misago's feral nature, she is a gentle person, and does not cause harm to anyone beyond accidentally scaring some of the children she encounters. +;Ayase +:A wanderer who travels endlessly, relying on his ''kamas'' (a large predatory flying fish) to live off the land. He likes to see the curiosities of the world, and is especially fascinated by the Misago after an encounter with her as a child. Because of Makki's affinity for the Misago and his ''kamas'', he tries to convince her to travel with him as a sort of [[protégé]]. +;Director Alpha +:The A7M1 prototype of the A7 series, and thus "older sister" to the other A7 robots. Like Alpha Hatsuseno, Director Alpha acquired her given name because she is the initial model, or "alpha-type", of a robot series. She is the director of a stratospheric aircraft called Taapon that circles the Earth without landing, observing the world's changes from above without ever being able to leave. Her surname is Koumi'ishi, the same as Sensei, and she has a pendant with Sensei's logo, indicating a past with her that is never elaborated on, and she never interacts with any of the other major characters. +;{{Nihongo|Maruko Maruko|丸子マルコ|Maruko Maruko}} +:A type A7M3 robot with a prickly personality. She is an artist who lives in Yokohama and works as a waitress and then shopclerk as a [[day job]]. She is unusual among robots for having changed her surname to one of her own choosing rather than adopting her owner's. Her given name is pronounced the same as her surname, but spelled in [[katakana]]. She likes Kokone and is jealous of Alpha for "taking" her. Nai sometimes sends her sensory impressions, delivered by Kokone, which she uses in her art. +;Nai +:{{Voiced by|[[Ryō Naitō]]}} +:An A7 robot of unknown model. He is unusual because for unknown reasons the majority of male robots rarely survive for very long after activation. He runs a delivery service, flying an [[North American T-6 Texan|AT-6 Texan]] aircraft. Nai is quiet and impassive. +;Saetta +:The young daughter of Makki and Takahiro. She is the last character to meet the Misago. + +==Influences and themes== +Flying and flight recurs through the series. Alpha herself has repeated visions of flying. Planes that appear include Nai's airplane, the always-flying Taapon, and the model airplane engine that Alpha finds but never flies. The A7 series of robots is named after a Japanese [[World War II]] warplane [[Mitsubishi A7M]] that never saw production, and the character Saetta's name may be inspired by an [[Macchi C.200|Italian World War II warplane]] built by [[Alenia Aermacchi|Aeronautica Macchi]]. Takahiro leaves ("flies away") to work for Nai. Ayase's ''kamas'' is a kind of flying fish. In the postscript episode, the unnamed character travels by glider. + +The series contains elements of Chinese culture and mythology. Alpha's [[Yueqin|gekkin]] guitar is of Chinese origin, and the Taapon aircraft is named after the mythological bird [[Peng (mythology)|Peng]] (''taapon'' is the Japanese transliteration of ''da peng''). + +Some character names appear in the geography of the Yokohama area. For example, there is a bus stop named Koumi'ishi to the south of [[Hayama, Kanagawa|Hayama]], and [[Naval Air Facility Atsugi|Atsugi airfield]], where Alpha meets Nai, is located in [[Ayase, Kanagawa|Ayase]]. There is a place called Maruko in Yokohama where Maruko's gallery is supposed to be. + +[[File:Yokohama-map.jpg|250px|thumb|right|Map of the setting of ''Yokohama Kaidashi Kikō'', showing how the coastline of the [[Miura Peninsula]] has changed]] +That several details of ''Yokohama Kaidashi Kikō'' are left unexplained, or have answers only hinted at, is frequently mentioned in reviews of the series as contributing to a tone of mystery. Some are mysteries to the characters, which they speculate about without reaching conclusions, while others are presented to the reader without comment. Among the most prominent are: + +* What is the nature of the natural disaster that caused the world's oceans to rise? +* Who is Alpha's owner, and where did he go? Why does Ayase call him "[[sensei]]"? +* Why were robots created? Since none are slaves or servants, what is their purpose? In what sense are they, as Kokone claims, humanity's children?{{cite book | last=Ashinano | first=Hitoshi | authorlink=Hitoshi Ashinano | title=Yokohama Kaidashi Kikō | publisher=[[Kodansha]] | location=Tokyo | language=Japanese |date=March 2003 | isbn=978-4-06-321147-4 | series=Volume 10 | chapter=Chapter 93: Flower of Humanity}} +* Why are the humans in Alpha's world dying out? +* Why are male robots so rare?{{Citation needed|date=October 2010}} +* Why is Alpha, unlike other robots, allergic to animal proteins?{{Citation needed|date=October 2010}} +* What are the "water gods", strangely beautiful mushrooms with human faces, that have started growing in the wilds?{{Citation needed|date=October 2010}} +* Why have trees that mimic streetlamps and fungi that mimic buildings begun growing? Are they really, as Alpha and Ayase speculate, the "recollections of people that the earth remembers"?{{cite web | url=http://suguru-anime.blogspot.com/2006/03/yokohama-kaidashi-kikou-end.html | title=Yokohama Kaidashi Kikou – End | author=Suguru | publisher=Suguru's Dame-Dame Anime Blog | accessdate=5 September 2007}}Ayase: {{cite book | last=Ashinano | first=Hitoshi | authorlink=Hitoshi Ashinano | title=Yokohama Kaidashi Kikō | publisher=[[Kodansha]] | location=Tokyo | language=Japanese |date=July 2005 | isbn=978-4-06-321171-9 | series=Volume 13 | chapter=Chapter 129: Solo}} Alpha: {{cite book | last=Ashinano | first=Hitoshi | authorlink=Hitoshi Ashinano | title=Yokohama Kaidashi Kikō | publisher=[[Kodansha]] | location=Tokyo | language=Japanese |date=May 2006 | isbn=978-4-06-321176-4 | series=Volume 14 | chapter=Chapter 140: Yokohama Kaidashi Kikō}} +* When was the eruption that removed [[Mount Fuji]]'s top, and was it related to the ocean rise?{{cite web | title=Yokohama Shopping Trip: Quiet Country Cafe | url=http://www.themanime.org/viewreview.php?id=519 | author=Stig Høgset | publisher=THEM Anime Reviews | accessdate=14 September 2007 }} +* What is the Misago? Why does she only show herself to children, and why is she unable to comprehend that they become adults? If, as Ayase claims, she is not a robot, then what is she?{{cite book | last=Ashinano | first=Hitoshi | authorlink=Hitoshi Ashinano | title=Yokohama Kaidashi Kikō | publisher=[[Kodansha]] | location=Tokyo | language=Japanese |date=March 2002 | isbn=978-4-06-321134-4 | series=Volume 9 | chapter=Chapter 87: People of the Bay}} + +Comparisons have been made between ''Yokohama Kaidashi Kikō'' and ''[[Aria (manga)|Aria]]'', noting that they are both quiet slice-of-life stories in a futuristic setting with a similar emotional effect.{{cite web | url=http://archives.tcj.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=513&Itemid=70 | title=ADV's Abandoned Manga | author=Dirk Deppey | publisher=[[The Comics Journal]] | date=24 January 2007 | accessdate=13 December 2010 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120319182824/http://archives.tcj.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=513&Itemid=70 |archivedate=March 19, 2012}}{{cite web | url=http://www.themanime.org/viewreview.php?id=1060 | title=Aria the Origination | first=Stig | last=Høgset | publisher=T.H.E.M. Anime Reviews | accessdate=4 January 2009 | quote=Much like when I finished the Yokohama Kaidashi Kikou manga, the ending of Aria fills me with a certain sense of melancholia as much as happiness over having been given the chance to view it in its entirety.}} A reviewer at Uknighted Manganime wrote, "What the two have in common, though, is a bright look at the future and a generally optimistic view of humanity, despite our failings."{{cite web|title=Manga review – Aria |url=http://manganime.animeblogger.net/64/manga-review-aria/ |author=Northlander |publisher=Uknighted Manganime |accessdate=11 July 2007 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070813220923/http://manganime.animeblogger.net/64/manga-review-aria/ |archivedate=13 August 2007 }} + +==Media== + +===Manga=== +A total of 140 chapters were published in Japan by [[Kodansha]] in the ''[[seinen]]'' (aimed at younger adult men) [[manga magazine]] ''[[Monthly Afternoon]]'' between June 1994 to February 2006. The serial chapters were collected in 14 ''[[tankōbon]]'' volumes by Kodansha under the Afternoon KC imprint. In Q4 of 2009 Kodansha started a reprint of the ''[[tankōbon]]'' volumes. It is licensed in Korea under the title {{lang|ko|카페 알파}} (''Café Alpha''), in Indonesia by [[M&C Comics]], and in Taiwan by [[Tong Li Publishing]]. + +====First edition==== +{{Graphic novel list/header + | OneLanguage = yes + | Width=100% +}} +{{Graphic novel list + | VolumeNumber = 1 + | RelDate = 18 August 1995{{cite web|title=『ヨコハマ買い出し紀行（１）』（芦奈野ひとし）：アフタヌーンＫＣ｜講談社コミックプラス|url=http://kc.kodansha.co.jp/product?isbn=9784063210507|publisher=[[Kodansha]]|accessdate=3 December 2015|language=ja}} + | ISBN = 978-4-06-321050-7 + | ChapterList = +*Chapters 1–7 + | Summary =Alpha Hatsuseno is an android that runs a coffee shop in place of her missing master. She befriends an unnamed elderly man and his grandson, Takahiro. The chapters in this volume cover Alpha's daily life in an episodic fashion: Takahiro meets the Misago, Alpha attempts to give watermelons to her customers, Alpha is hit by lightning, Alpha attends a party, Alpha and Takahiro see the first sunrise of the new year, and Alpha befriends an android named Kokone Takatsu. +}} +{{Graphic novel list + | VolumeNumber = 2 + | RelDate = 21 February 1996{{cite web|title=『ヨコハマ買い出し紀行（２）』（芦奈野ひとし）：アフタヌーンＫＣ｜講談社コミックプラス|url=http://kc.kodansha.co.jp/product?isbn=9784063210552|publisher=Kodansha|accessdate=3 December 2015|language=ja}} + | ISBN = 978-4-06-321055-2 + | ChapterList = +*Chapters 8–15 + | Summary =Kokone delivers a message from Alpha's master who gives her permission to explore the world and a camera. Continuing episodically: Takahiro befriends a wanderer named Ayase, Alpha tries to ingest animal protein per Kokone's suggestion and becomes sick, Alpha decides to try and take a good picture with her camera, Alpha and friends watch a firework display, Alpha finds a glass bottle at a beach, Takahiro's grandfather reminisces about the past when he watched a beach sink a city. +}} +{{Graphic novel list + | VolumeNumber = 3 + | RelDate = 19 July 1996{{cite web|title=『ヨコハマ買い出し紀行（３）』（芦奈野ひとし）：アフタヌーンＫＣ｜講談社コミックプラス|url=http://kc.kodansha.co.jp/product?isbn=9784063210613|publisher=Kodansha|accessdate=3 December 2015|language=ja}} + | ISBN = 978-4-06-321061-3 + | ChapterList = +*Chapters 16–23 + | Summary =Kokone has begun to act more human due to her friendship with Alpha. In this volume: Kokone visits Alpha and sleeps over for the night, Alpha runs into Ayase and befriends him, Alpha watches the drowned city light up at night, and the Misago searches for Takahiro. +}} +{{Graphic novel list + | VolumeNumber = 4 + | RelDate = 18 March 1997{{cite web|title=『ヨコハマ買い出し紀行（４）』（芦奈野ひとし）：アフタヌーンＫＣ｜講談社コミックプラス|url=http://kc.kodansha.co.jp/product?isbn=9784063210668|publisher=Kodansha|accessdate=3 December 2015|language=ja}} + | ISBN = 978-4-06-321066-8 + | ChapterList = +*Chapters 24–31 + | Summary =In this volume: Takahiro befriends Kokone; Alpha and Kokone swim at the beach; Alpha's predecessor, Alpha Koumi'ishi, watches the world below from her plane; Dr. Koumi'ishi contemplates on her past and her creations, the Alpha androids; Takahiro spends the day with Matsuki; a customer visits Alpha's coffee shop and shares their thoughts; and Takahiro helps Alpha fix the water to her shop. +}} +{{Graphic novel list + | VolumeNumber = 5 + | RelDate = 20 February 1998{{cite web|title=『ヨコハマ買い出し紀行（５）』（芦奈野ひとし）：アフタヌーンＫＣ｜講談社コミックプラス|url=http://kc.kodansha.co.jp/product?isbn=9784063210811|publisher=Kodansha|accessdate=3 December 2015|language=ja}} + | ISBN = 978-4-06-321081-1 + | ChapterList = +*Chapters 32–42 + | Summary =Alpha heads to the city for some shopping and decides to visit Kokone. After returning home, Dr. Koumi'ishi asks Alpha to pilot her old boat; while piloting, Alpha discovers she can astral project her soul. The last stories are episodic: Matsuki meets the Misago while playing with Takahiro, one of Ayase's travels is covered, Alpha expresses her thoughts about pictures from her camera, and Alpha procrastinates cleaning the café. +}} +{{Graphic novel list + | VolumeNumber = 6 + | RelDate = 19 February 1999{{cite web|title=『ヨコハマ買い出し紀行（６）』（芦奈野ひとし）：アフタヌーンＫＣ｜講談社コミックプラス|url=http://kc.kodansha.co.jp/product?isbn=9784063210958|publisher=Kodansha|accessdate=3 December 2015|language=ja}} + | ISBN = 978-4-06-321095-8 + | ChapterList = +*Chapters 43–54 + | Summary =In this volume: Alpha Koumi'ishi expresses her opinions about the current state of the world, Alpha befriends Matsuki, Kokone finds an [[LP record]] and decides to seek out a Gramophone to play it, Alpha takes Takahiro and Matsuki to the beach, Takahiro expresses melancholy since the Misago no longer wishes to see him since he is no longer a child, Ayase travels through a dark tunnel, Kokone sends Alpha alcoholic coffee to mix with milk, Dr. Koumi'ishi reminisces about her past, Alpha sends a gratitude letter to Kokone and receives more alcoholic coffee in return. +}} +{{Graphic novel list + | VolumeNumber = 7 + | RelDate = 21 February 2000{{cite web|title=『ヨコハマ買い出し紀行（７）』（芦奈野ひとし）：アフタヌーンＫＣ｜講談社コミックプラス|url=http://kc.kodansha.co.jp/product?isbn=9784063211108|publisher=Kodansha|accessdate=3 December 2015|language=ja}} + | ISBN = 978-4-06-321110-8 + | ChapterList = +*Chapters 55–65 + | Summary =Episodically, in this volume: Takahiro witnesses Alpha's astral projection, Takahiro spends the night at Alpha's, Alpha contemplates on her missing master and how loneliness would be unbearable if not for her friends, Alpha talks with Dr. Koumi'ishi while Alpha Koumi'ishi reminisces about her creator's gift, Alpha falls into a hole and searches for her camera, and Kokone's friend, Maruko, attempts to sneak up on Kokone to scare her. Later, a typhoon destroys the café, so Alpha decides to explore the world. +}} +{{Graphic novel list + | VolumeNumber = 8 + | RelDate = 20 February 2001{{cite web|title=『ヨコハマ買い出し紀行（８）』（芦奈野ひとし）：アフタヌーンＫＣ｜講談社コミックプラス|url=http://kc.kodansha.co.jp/product?isbn=9784063211207|publisher=Kodansha|accessdate=3 December 2015|language=ja}} + | ISBN = 978-4-06-321120-7 + | ChapterList = +*Chapters 66–76 + | Summary =Episodically in this volume: Alpha travels through a rural journey and is relieved to find an inn, she ends up an airport and befriends a male android named Nai, Nai flies Alpha on his plane where Alpha uses her astral projection to fly alongside him, Alpha continues her journey and travels down a road that lights up at night, a teenage Takahiro and Matsuki spend the day together, Alpha works at a food stand near Mount Fuji, Maruko receives a telegram of Nai depicting Alpha, and, Alpha finds a stranger and eats roasted chestnuts with him. +}} +{{Graphic novel list + | VolumeNumber = 9 + | RelDate = 19 March 2002{{cite web|title=『ヨコハマ買い出し紀行（９）』（芦奈野ひとし）：アフタヌーンＫＣ｜講談社コミックプラス|url=http://kc.kodansha.co.jp/product?isbn=9784063211344|publisher=Kodansha|accessdate=3 December 2015|language=ja}} + | ISBN = 978-4-06-321134-4 + | ChapterList = +*Chapters 77–88 + | Summary =Alpha wanders onto a field of geysers before reaching her hometown. Resuming her life in an episodic manner: Alpha relaxes at home, she adds a wind flag to the café and reacquaints with Takahiro's grandfather, Kokone discusses the Alpha androids with Dr. Koumi'ishi, Alpha and Kokone later spend time together, Alpha begins rebuilding the café and contemplates during a rainy day, and later contemplates during a summer day, Matsuki meets Ayase and becomes familiar with his pet kama. +}} +{{Graphic novel list + | VolumeNumber = 10 + | RelDate = 18 March 2003{{cite web|title=『ヨコハマ買い出し紀行（１０）』（芦奈野ひとし）：アフタヌーンＫＣ｜講談社コミックプラス|url=http://kc.kodansha.co.jp/product?isbn=9784063211474|publisher=Kodansha|accessdate=3 December 2015|language=ja}} + | ISBN = 978-4-06-321147-4 + | ChapterList = +*Chapters 89–99 + | Summary =Alpha has finished rebuilding her café. Episodically: Alpha invites Takahiro to see Nai's plane, experiences snow for the first time, and befriends Maruko; Kokone's friend turns the LP record into a cassette, Alpha Koumi'ishi considers visiting the surface, Alpha plays with a gun and grows a giant sunflower, Ayase invites Matsuki to journey with him to learn about kamas, and Ayase visits Alpha and tells her a ghost story. +}} +{{Graphic novel list + | VolumeNumber = 11 + | RelDate = 23 March 2004{{cite web|title=『ヨコハマ買い出し紀行（１１）』（芦奈野ひとし）：アフタヌーンＫＣ｜講談社コミックプラス|url=http://kc.kodansha.co.jp/product?isbn=9784063211597|publisher=Kodansha|accessdate=3 December 2015|language=ja}} + | ISBN = 978-4-06-321159-7 + | ChapterList = +*Chapters 100–110 + | Summary =Episodically: Kokone and Maruko visit Alpha, Alpha searches for quality water to make coffee, Alpha Koumi'ishi contemplates melancholy as her plane prepares to leave to the other side of earth for six years, Alpha receives brown sugar and takes a liking to it, Ayase thinks about how he world was before being taken over by nature, Maruko visits Alpha again, Alpha adds a viewing window to the café, an adult Takahiro decides to leave town to pursue his dreams, Matsuki and Takahiro spend time together at the beach, Alpha's scooter breaks down while on a trip. +}} +{{Graphic novel list + | VolumeNumber = 12 + | RelDate = 22 November 2004{{cite web|title=『ヨコハマ買い出し紀行（１２）』（芦奈野ひとし）：アフタヌーンＫＣ｜講談社コミックプラス|url=http://kc.kodansha.co.jp/product?isbn=9784063211658|publisher=Kodansha|accessdate=3 December 2015|language=ja}} + | ISBN = 978-4-06-321165-8 + | ChapterList = +*Chapters 111–120 + | Summary = Episodically: Alpha has a dream about her master, Takahiro starts working under Nai, Alpha and Matsuki watch the first sunrise of the new year, Takahiro's grandfather and Dr. Koumi'ishi talk about their loneliness, Alpha teaches Matsuki how to ride a scooter, Alpha visits Maruko in the city, Alpha expresses sadness on how short human life is, Alpha revisits the sunken city and Kokone and her friend discuss men. +}} +{{Graphic novel list + | VolumeNumber = 13 + | RelDate = 22 July 2005{{cite web|title=『ヨコハマ買い出し紀行（１３）』（芦奈野ひとし）：アフタヌーンＫＣ｜講談社コミックプラス|url=http://kc.kodansha.co.jp/product?isbn=9784063211719|publisher=Kodansha|accessdate=3 December 2015|language=ja}} + | ISBN = 978-4-06-321171-9 + | ChapterList = +*Chapters 121–130 + | Summary =Episodically: Takahiro's grandfather tells Alpha to live in his house once he dies, Matsuki rejects Ayase's offer to travel with him, Alpha starts up an old motor and contemplates about her life, Alpha goes to a field and astra projects, Kokone visits Alpha and befriends Matsuki, Ayase contemplates while looking at the sunken city, Kokonoe upgrades her scooter, Alpha and Takahiro's grandfather discuss how things changed over the six years they've known each other. Continuing after a timeskip: Matsuki returns to visit Alpha, Dr. Koumi'ishi gives Alpha her pendant; Alpha, Kokonoe, Matsuki, and Maruko go to the beach and Alpha Koumi'ishi contemplates on when she can return to the Earth's surface. +}} +{{Graphic novel list + | VolumeNumber = 14 + | RelDate = 23 May 2006{{cite web|title=『ヨコハマ買い出し紀行（１４）　＜完＞』（芦奈野ひとし）：アフタヌーンＫＣ｜講談社コミックプラス|url=http://kc.kodansha.co.jp/product?isbn=9784063211764|publisher=Kodansha|accessdate=3 December 2015|language=ja}} + | ISBN = 978-4-06-321176-4 + | ChapterList = +*Chapters 131–140 + | Summary = Kokonoe has a final talk with her friend who is relocating. A second time skip, Matsuki sends a letter detailing her life to Alpha. A third time skip, Matsuki became engaged to Takahiro and visits Alpha with her daughter. An unknown amount of time passes, Alpha monologues she will never forget her friends and the memories they shared. +}} +{{Graphic novel list/footer}} + +====Second edition==== +{{Graphic novel list/header + | OneLanguage = yes + | Width=50% +}} +{{Graphic novel list + | VolumeNumber = 1 + | RelDate = 23 October 2009 + | ISBN = 978-4-06-314588-5 +}} +{{Graphic novel list + | VolumeNumber = 2 + | RelDate = 23 October 2009 + | ISBN = 978-4-06-314589-2 +}} +{{Graphic novel list + | VolumeNumber = 3 + | RelDate = 20 November 2009 + | ISBN = 978-4-06-314593-9 +}} +{{Graphic novel list + | VolumeNumber = 4 + | RelDate = 22 December 2009 + | ISBN = 978-4-06-310615-2 +}} +{{Graphic novel list + | VolumeNumber = 5 + | RelDate = 22 January 2010 + | ISBN = 978-4-06-310618-3 +}} +{{Graphic novel list + | VolumeNumber = 6 + | RelDate = 23 February 2010 + | ISBN = 978-4-06-310630-5 +}} +{{Graphic novel list + | VolumeNumber = 7 + | RelDate = 23 March 2010 + | ISBN = 978-4-06-310644-2 +}} +{{Graphic novel list + | VolumeNumber = 8 + | RelDate = 23 April 2010 + | ISBN = 978-4-06-310656-5 +}} +{{Graphic novel list + | VolumeNumber = 9 + | RelDate = 21 May 2010 + | ISBN = 978-4-06-310661-9 +}} +{{Graphic novel list + | VolumeNumber = 10 + | RelDate = 7 July 2010 + | ISBN = 978-4-06-310671-8 +}} +{{Graphic novel list/footer}} + +In addition, a six-page [[postscript]] episode was published in the July 2006 issue of ''Afternoon''. Titled "Touge" ("Mountain Pass"), this story does not have a chapter number and was not included in the original collection, though it is included in volume 10 of the re-release. + +A postcard book ({{ISBN|978-4-06-330041-3}}) with art from the manga was published on 24 September 1997,{{cite web | url=http://shop.kodansha.jp/bc2_bc/search_view.jsp?b=3300412 | script-title=ja:ポストカード·ブック ヨコハマ買い出し紀行 芦奈野ひとし 講談社 | publisher=[[Kodansha]] | language=Japanese | accessdate=27 January 2009}} and an artbook ({{ISBN|978-4-06-330196-0}}) was published on 20 March 2003.{{cite web | url=http://shop.kodansha.jp/bc2_bc/search_view.jsp?b=3301966 | script-title=ja:ヨコハマ買い出し紀行 芦奈野ひとし画集 芦奈野ひとし 講談社 | publisher=[[Kodansha]] | language=Japanese | accessdate=27 January 2009}} + +===Anime=== +Parts of the manga have been dramatized in two [[original video animation]] (OVA) [[anime]] series of two episodes each. In both series, Alpha is voiced by [[Hekiru Shiina]] and Kokone by [[Akiko Nakagawa]].{{cite web | url=http://www.sonymusic.co.jp/Animation/yokohama/news/ririsu.html | title=OVA·ヨコハマ買い出し紀行 -Quiet Country Cafe- 公式Webサイト | language=Japanese | publisher=[[Sony Music]] | accessdate=27 January 2009 | archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121011154210/http://www.sonymusic.co.jp/Animation/yokohama/news/ririsu.html | archivedate=2012-10-11}} + +* The first OVA series, produced by [[Ajia-do Animation Works]] and directed by [[Takashi Annō]], was released in May 1998 and December 1998 on [[VHS]] and [[Laserdisc]]. It dramatizes selected events from volumes 1–3, including the initial meeting of Alpha and Kokone and Alpha's recovery from being struck by [[lightning]]. It was subsequently rereleased on DVD. +* The second series, produced by Ajia-do Animation Works and [[SME Visual Works]] and directed by [[Tomomi Mochizuki]], was released in December 2002 and May 2003 on VHS and DVD. It dramatizes selected events from volumes 7–9, including the storm that destroys Alpha's cafe and her subsequent journeys in central Japan. + +A soundtrack CD for the second series was produced in 1998. + +===Drama CDs=== +Three [[drama CD]]s of ''Yokohama Kaidashi Kikō'' were released in 2002.{{cite web | title=Yuri Drama CD: Yokohama Shopping Log, Volume 2 | url=http://okazu.yuricon.com/2007/01/31/yuri-drama-cd-yokohama-shopping-log-volume-2/ | author=Erica Friedman | accessdate=11 July 2007}} In all three, Alpha is [[seiyÅ«|voiced]] by [[Hekiru Shiina]] and Kokone by [[Akiko Nakagawa]]. + +* Volume 1 (released October 2002) dramatizes events from volume 1 of the manga, ending with the meeting of Alpha and Kokone. +* Volume 2 (released October 2002) dramatizes events from volume 2 of the manga, picking up immediately from where the first CD ended. +* Volume 3 (released December 2002) dramatizes events from later in the manga. It included an original song and an interview with Shiina and Nakagawa. + +===Novel=== +A novel based on ''Yokohama Kaidashi Kikō'' called {{nihongo|''Yokohama Kaidashi Kikō Novel: Seeing, Walking, Being Glad''|小説 ヨコハマ買い出し紀行―見て、歩き、よろこぶ者|}}, written by {{nihongo|Teriha Katsuki|香月照葉|Katsuki Teriha}} and illustrated by Hitoshi Ashinano, was published by Kodansha on 23 October 2008 ({{ISBN|978-4-06-373326-6}}).{{cite web | url=http://shop.kodansha.jp/bc2_bc/search_view.jsp?b=3733262 | script-title=ja:小説 ヨコハマ買い出し紀行 見て、歩き、よろこぶ者 香月照葉 芦奈野ひとし 講談社 | publisher=[[Kodansha]] | language=Japanese | accessdate=27 January 2009}} Set long after the conclusion of the manga series, it tells the story of a boy robot named Omega and his search for the legendary Cafe Alpha. + +==Reception and awards== +Even though it has not been published in English, ''Yokohama Kaidashi Kikō'' has received significant attention from reviewers outside Japan. Many reviewers praise Ashinano's drawing style, meticulous pacing, and engaging characters.{{cite web | title=Yokohama Kaidashi Kikou | author=Ivevei Upatkoon | url=http://www.ex.org/3.4/26-anime_yokohama.html | publisher=EX | accessdate=10 July 2007}}{{cite web | title=Yuri Anime: Yokohama Shopping Log | url=http://okazu.yuricon.com/2004/02/27/yuri-anime-yokohama-shopping-log/ | author=Erica Friedman | accessdate=7 June 2007}}{{cite web | title=A Quiet Vision of Hope | author=Janet Crocker| publisher=Anime Fringe | url=http://www.animefringe.com/magazine/2004/04/feature/02.php | accessdate=8 June 2007}}{{cite web | title=Yokohama Shopping Trip | url=http://www.ex.org/2.4/27-yokohama.html | author=Eric Luce | publisher=EX | accessdate=26 June 2007 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/19990204022115/http://www.ex.org/2.4/27-yokohama.html |archivedate=February 4, 1999}} Dirk Deppey wrote in ''[[The Comics Journal]]'', "''Yokohama Kaidashi Kikou'' isn't just one of my favorite manga stories; it's one of my favorite comics, period."{{cite web | title=A Comics Reader's Guide to Manga Scanlations | author=Dirk Deppey | url=http://www.tcj.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=430&Itemid=70&limit=1&limitstart=2 | publisher=The Comics Journal | accessdate=11 July 2007 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090212220015/http://www.tcj.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=430&Itemid=70&limit=1&limitstart=2 |archivedate=February 12, 2009}} Derik A. Badman wrote, "This is light years beyond almost all the manga being translated and published in the US."{{cite web | title=Quiet Country Cafe | url=http://madinkbeard.com/blog/archives/quiet-country-cafe | author=Derik A. Badman | accessdate=11 July 2007}} A reviewer at Uknighted Manganime wrote, "Artwise, Yokohama Kaidashi Kikou ranks as the most impressive I have ever seen," adding, "Yokohama Kaidashi Kikou is, in short, the finest manga I have ever read, and I don’t see it being surpassed anytime soon, if ever."{{cite web | title=Yokohama Kaidashi Kikou manga review | url=http://manganime.animeblogger.net/304/yokohama-kaidashi-kikou-manga-review/ | author=Northlander | publisher=Uknighted Manganime | accessdate=11 July 2007}} + +The series won the 2007 [[Seiun Award]] for Best Manga.{{cite web | url=http://www.tokyograph.com/news/id-1659 | title=2007 Seiun Awards announced | publisher=TokyoGraph | accessdate=4 September 2007}} + +==References== +{{Reflist|30em}} + +==External links== +* [https://kc.kodansha.co.jp/product?item=0000031796 Kodansha Comic Plus] +* [https://www.sonymusicshop.jp/m/arti/artiItm.php?site=S&cd=EC000048&ima=1141 ''Yokohama Kaidashi Kikou'' DVD official homepage] +* [http://users.skynet.be/mangaguide/au180.html Ashinano Hitoshi] at The Ultimate Manga Guide +* [http://kimoto.cc/ykk/ "Behind the Panels" of Yokohama Kaidashi Kikou] +* {{ann|manga|3605}} + +{{Afternoon}} +{{Seiun Award - Best Comic}} +{{Tomomi Mochizuki}} +{{Ajia-do Animation Works}} + +{{DEFAULTSORT:Yokohama Kaidashi Kiko}} +[[Category:1994 manga]] +[[Category:1998 anime OVAs]] +[[Category:2002 anime OVAs]] +[[Category:Ajia-do Animation Works]] +[[Category:Aniplex]] +[[Category:Kodansha manga]] +[[Category:Post-apocalyptic anime and manga]] +[[Category:Science fiction anime and manga]] +[[Category:Seinen manga]] +[[Category:Slice of life anime and manga]]