* If parenthetical referencing is combined with alphabetic order of author names, this can lead to discrimination of authors with last names starting with a letter in the end of the alphabet. Studies have demonstrated that alphabetical lists can lead to a significant discrimination of authors with last names in the end of such lists (e.g., funding, citations).<ref>Einav, L., & Yariv, L. (2006). What's in a surname? The effects of surname initials on academic success. Journal of Economic Perspectives, 20(1), 175–187.</ref> Some style guides therefore suggest to list the authors chronologically instead.
=== Origins and use ===
-The origin of the author–date style is attributed to a paper by [[Edward Laurens Mark]], Hersey professor of anatomy and director of the zoological laboratory at [[Harvard University]], who may have copied it from the cataloguing system used then and now by the library of Harvard's [[Museum of Comparative Zoology]].<ref name="Chernin">{{citation|last=Chernin|first=Eli|year=1988|title=The 'Harvard system': a mystery dispelled |url=http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/picrender.fcgi?artid=1834803&blobtype=pdf |work=British Medical Journal|pages=1062–1063}}</ref> In 1881 Mark wrote a paper on the embryogenesis of the garden slug, in which he included an author–date citation in parentheses on page 194, the first known instance of such a reference.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Mark|first=Edward Laurens|year=1881|title=Maturation, fecundation, and segmentation of Limax campestris, Binney|journal=Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College|volume=6|page=194|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Bn0tAAAAYAAJ}}</ref> Until then, according to Eli Chernin writing in the ''[[The BMJ|British Medical Journal]]'', references had appeared in inconsistent styles in footnotes, referred to in the text using a variety of printers' symbols, including asterisks and daggers. Chernin writes that a 1903 [[festschrift]] dedicated to Mark by 140 students, including [[Theodore Roosevelt]], confirms that the author–date system is attributable to Mark. The festschrift pays tribute to Mark's 1881 paper, writing that it "introduced into zoology a proper fullness and accuracy of citation and a convenient and uniform method of referring from text to bibliography." According to an editorial note in the ''British Medical Journal'' in 1945, an unconfirmed anecdote is that the term "Owen system" was introduced by an English visitor to Harvard University library, who was impressed by the citation system and dubbed it "Harvard system" upon his return to England.<ref name="Chernin"/>
+The origin of the author–date style is attributed to a paper by [[Edward Laurens Mark]], Hersey professor of anatomy and director of the zoological laboratory at [[Harvard University]], who may have copied it from the cataloguing system used then and now by the library of Harvard's [[Museum of Comparative Zoology]].<ref name="Chernin">{{citation|last=Chernin|first=Eli|year=1988|title=The 'Harvard system': a mystery dispelled |url=http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/picrender.fcgi?artid=1834803&blobtype=pdf |work=British Medical Journal|pages=1062–1063}}</ref> In 1881 Mark wrote a paper on the embryogenesis of the garden slug, in which he included an author–date citation in parentheses on page 194, the first known instance of such a reference.<ref name="mark_1881_firstharvardcite">{{cite journal|last=Mark|first=Edward Laurens|year=1881|title=Maturation, fecundation, and segmentation of Limax campestris, Binney|journal=Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College|volume=6|page=194|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Bn0tAAAAYAAJ|doi=10.1086/273085|oclc=6822275174}}</ref> Until then, according to Eli Chernin writing in the ''[[The BMJ|British Medical Journal]]'', references had appeared in inconsistent styles in footnotes, referred to in the text using a variety of printers' symbols, including asterisks and daggers. Chernin writes that a 1903 [[festschrift]] dedicated to Mark by 140 students, including [[Theodore Roosevelt]], confirms that the author–date system is attributable to Mark. The festschrift pays tribute to Mark's 1881 paper, writing that it "introduced into zoology a proper fullness and accuracy of citation and a convenient and uniform method of referring from text to bibliography." According to an editorial note in the ''British Medical Journal'' in 1945, an unconfirmed anecdote is that the term "Owen system" was introduced by an English visitor to Harvard University library, who was impressed by the citation system and dubbed it "Harvard system" upon his return to England.<ref name="Chernin"/>
Although it originated in biology, it is now more common in humanities, history, and social science. It is favored by a few scientific journals, including the major biology journal ''[[Cell (journal)|Cell]]''.{{cn|date=March 2022}}
projects / BK-2020-09.git / blobdiff