draft(en:The Terraformers):Expand plot summary

[BK-2020-09.git] / en.wikipedia.org / Nicole_Starosielski / article.txt

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 | years_active       = 2010–present
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 | years_active       = 2010–present
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-'''Nicole Starosielski''' is an American author, researcher, and professor. Her research is centered around media infrastructure, particularly underwater infrastructure. She is often interviewed by media outlets as an expert in undersea cables and network infrastructure, especially in relation to national security.<ref>{{Cite magazine|title=What Happens If Russia Attacks Undersea Internet Cables|language=en-us|magazine=Wired|url=https://www.wired.com/story/russia-undersea-internet-cables/|access-date=2020-10-09|issn=1059-1028}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last1=Ethics|first1=Business|last2=Podcasts|last3=Daily|first3=Wharton Business|last4=Focus|first4=Global|last5=America|first5=North|title=Managing Risks for the World's Undersea Cable Network|url=https://knowledge.wharton.upenn.edu/article/managing-risks-for-the-worlds-undersea-cable-network/|access-date=2020-10-09|website=Knowledge@Wharton|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Explainer: How Vulnerable Are Undersea Cables That U.S. Says Russia Is Tracking?|url=https://www.rferl.org/a/explainer-undersea-cables-u-s-says-russia-vulnerable-internet/29287432.html|access-date=2020-10-09|website=RadioFreeEurope/RadioLiberty|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Main|first=Douglas|date=April 2, 2015|title=Undersea Cables Transport 99 Percent of International Data|url=https://www.newsweek.com/undersea-cables-transport-99-percent-international-communications-319072|url-status=live|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=2020-10-09|website=Newsweek|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Collins|first=Keith|date=October 15, 2015|title=Underwater internet cables could be the next target in tech warfare|url=https://qz.com/533559/underwater-internet-cables-could-be-the-next-target-in-tech-warfare/|url-status=live|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=|website=Quartz}}</ref> Her first book ''The Undersea Network'' and online project ''Surfacing'' both describe the evolution of underwater cable networks.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.filmandmedia.ucsb.edu/person/nicole-starosielski/|title=Film and Media Studies {{!}} Nicole Starosielski|website=Film and Media Studies at UCSB|language=en-US|access-date=2019-10-13}}</ref> She also wrote the book ''Signal Traffic: Critical Studies of Media Infrastructures.''<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.filmandmedia.ucsb.edu/publication/signal-traffic-critical-studies-of-media-infrastructures/|title=Film and Media Studies {{!}} Signal Traffic: Critical Studies of Media Infrastructures|website=Film and Media Studies at UCSB|language=en-US|access-date=2019-10-13}}</ref>
+'''Nicole Starosielski''' is an American author, researcher, and professor. Her research is centered around media infrastructure, particularly underwater infrastructure. She is often interviewed by media outlets as an expert in undersea cables and network infrastructure, especially in relation to national security.<ref>{{Cite magazine|title=What Happens If Russia Attacks Undersea Internet Cables|language=en-us|magazine=Wired|url=https://www.wired.com/story/russia-undersea-internet-cables/|access-date=October 9, 2020|issn=1059-1028}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last1=Loney |first1=Dan |last2=Meyer |first2=Robert |last3=Starosielski |first3=Nicole |title=Managing Risks for the World's Undersea Cable Network |url=https://knowledge.wharton.upenn.edu/article/managing-risks-for-the-worlds-undersea-cable-network/ |access-date=October 9, 2020 |website=Knowledge@Wharton |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Explainer: How Vulnerable Are Undersea Cables That U.S. Says Russia Is Tracking?|url=https://www.rferl.org/a/explainer-undersea-cables-u-s-says-russia-vulnerable-internet/29287432.html|access-date=October 9, 2020|website=RadioFreeEurope/RadioLiberty|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Main |first=Douglas |date=April 2, 2015 |title=Undersea Cables Transport 99 Percent of International Data |url=https://www.newsweek.com/undersea-cables-transport-99-percent-international-communications-319072 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161216140208/http://www.newsweek.com/undersea-cables-transport-99-percent-international-communications-319072 |archive-date=December 16, 2016 |access-date=October 9, 2020 |website=Newsweek |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Collins |first=Keith |date=October 27, 2015 |title=Underwater internet cables could be the next target in tech warfare |url=https://qz.com/533559/underwater-internet-cables-could-be-the-next-target-in-tech-warfare/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151028125310/http://qz.com/533559/underwater-internet-cables-could-be-the-next-target-in-tech-warfare/ |archive-date=October 28, 2015 |access-date=February 26, 2023 |website=Quartz}}</ref> Her first book ''The Undersea Network'' and online project ''Surfacing'' both describe the evolution of underwater cable networks.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.filmandmedia.ucsb.edu/person/nicole-starosielski/|title=Film and Media Studies {{!}} Nicole Starosielski|website=Film and Media Studies at UCSB|language=en-US|access-date=October 13, 2019}}</ref> She also wrote the book ''Signal Traffic: Critical Studies of Media Infrastructures.''<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.filmandmedia.ucsb.edu/publication/signal-traffic-critical-studies-of-media-infrastructures/|title=Film and Media Studies {{!}} Signal Traffic: Critical Studies of Media Infrastructures|website=Film and Media Studies at UCSB|language=en-US|access-date=October 13, 2019}}</ref>

 
 == Academic career ==
 
 == Academic career ==

-In 2005, Starosielski graduated from the [[University of Southern California]] with Bachelor's degrees in Cinema Television and English. She continued her education at [[University of California, Santa Barbara]], earning both a Master's degree and PhD in Film and Media Studies. After completing her degrees, Starosielski became an Assistant Professor of Communication at [[Miami University]] for one year. Following this, she began a career as an Associate Professor of Media, Culture, and Communication at [[Steinhardt School of Culture, Education, and Human Development|New York University Steinhardt]] where she has taught since 2012.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://research.steinhardt.nyu.edu/faculty/Nicole_Starosielski|title=Nicole Starosielski – Faculty Bio|website=research.steinhardt.nyu.edu|access-date=2019-09-27}}</ref>
+In 2005, Starosielski graduated from the [[University of Southern California]] with Bachelor's degrees in Cinema Television and English. She continued her education at [[University of California, Santa Barbara]], earning both a Master's degree and PhD in Film and Media Studies. After completing her degrees, Starosielski became an Assistant Professor of Communication at [[Miami University]] for one year. Following this, she began a career as an Associate Professor of Media, Culture, and Communication at [[Steinhardt School of Culture, Education, and Human Development|New York University Steinhardt]] where she has taught since 2012.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://research.steinhardt.nyu.edu/faculty/Nicole_Starosielski|title=Nicole Starosielski – Faculty Bio|website=research.steinhardt.nyu.edu|access-date=September 27, 2019}}</ref>

 
 == ''The Undersea Network'' and ''Surfacing'' ==
 
 
 == ''The Undersea Network'' and ''Surfacing'' ==
 

-In her book ''The Undersea Network'' Starosielski examines the underwater telecommunications cable infrastructure that allows the internet to operate. The book covers the history of the cables, as well as the geography of the underwater network. In addition, the book discusses the cultural, political, and environmental implications of underwater cable infrastructure.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.dukeupress.edu/The-Undersea-Network/|title=The Undersea Network|last=|first=|date=|website=Duke University Press|url-status=live|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=2019-11-17}}</ref> ''The Undersea Network'' includes an analysis of the contingencies of the internet as well as information network myths and challenges.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://cconlinejournal.org/crider/|title=The Undersea Network review|website=cconlinejournal.org|access-date=2019-12-01}}</ref>
+In her book ''The Undersea Network'' Starosielski examines the underwater telecommunications cable infrastructure that allows the internet to operate. The book covers the history of the cables, as well as the geography of the underwater network. In addition, the book discusses the cultural, political, and environmental implications of underwater cable infrastructure.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.dukeupress.edu/The-Undersea-Network/ |title=The Undersea Network |last= |first= |date= |website=Duke University Press |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160320034351/https://www.dukeupress.edu/The-Undersea-Network |archive-date=March 20, 2016 |access-date=November 17, 2019}}</ref> ''The Undersea Network'' includes an analysis of the contingencies of the internet as well as information network myths and challenges.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://cconlinejournal.org/crider/|title=The Undersea Network review|website=cconlinejournal.org|access-date=December 1, 2019}}</ref>

 
 

-''Surfacing'' is a website designed as a companion to Starosielski's book. The project was developed by Nicole Starosielski, [[Erik Loyer]], and Shane Brennan, with additional writing from Jessica Feldman and Anne Pasek.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.surfacing.in/?image=new-caledonia-aerial-view|title=Surfacing|website=www.surfacing.in|access-date=2019-10-22}}</ref> The website shows non-lineal archival photographs along with text and information about various areas and countries that are connected through the Pacific's underwater cable network. ''Surfacing'' also discusses the history of the underwater cable network and some of the modern day challenges of the system.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://ijoc.org/index.php/ijoc/article/viewFile/4717/1475|title=Nicole Starosielski, The Undersea Network Book Review|last=Maréchal|first=Nathalie|date=|website=International Journal of Communication|url-status=live|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=2019-11-17}}</ref>
+''Surfacing'' is a website designed as a companion to Starosielski's book. The project was developed by Nicole Starosielski, [[Erik Loyer]], and Shane Brennan, with additional writing from Jessica Feldman and Anne Pasek.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.surfacing.in/?image=new-caledonia-aerial-view|title=Surfacing|website=www.surfacing.in|access-date=October 22, 2019}}</ref> The website shows non-lineal archival photographs along with text and information about various areas and countries that are connected through the Pacific's underwater cable network. ''Surfacing'' also discusses the history of the underwater cable network and some of the modern day challenges of the system.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://ijoc.org/index.php/ijoc/article/viewFile/4717/1475|title=Nicole Starosielski, The Undersea Network Book Review|last=Maréchal|first=Nathalie|date=|website=International Journal of Communication|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160221034325/http://ijoc.org/index.php/ijoc/article/viewFile/4717/1475 |archive-date=February 21, 2016 |access-date=November 17, 2019}}</ref>

 
 

-== Other works ==
+== Works ==

 
 * "Things & Movies: DVD Store Culture in Fiji.” (2010) <ref>{{Cite journal|last=Starosielski|first=Nicole|date=2010|title=Things & Movies: DVD Store Culture in Fiji|url=https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0vb2k5gc|journal=Media Fields Journal|language=en|volume=1|issue=1}}</ref>
 * "‘Movements that are Drawn’: A History of Environmental Animation from The Lorax to FernGully to Avatar." (2011)<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Starosielski|first=Nicole|date=February 1, 2011|title='Movements that are drawn': A history of environmental animation from The Lorax to FernGully to Avatar|journal=International Communication Gazette|language=en|volume=73|issue=1–2|pages=145–163|doi=10.1177/1748048510386746|s2cid=144108423|issn=1748-0485}}</ref>
 
 * "Things & Movies: DVD Store Culture in Fiji.” (2010) <ref>{{Cite journal|last=Starosielski|first=Nicole|date=2010|title=Things & Movies: DVD Store Culture in Fiji|url=https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0vb2k5gc|journal=Media Fields Journal|language=en|volume=1|issue=1}}</ref>
 * "‘Movements that are Drawn’: A History of Environmental Animation from The Lorax to FernGully to Avatar." (2011)<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Starosielski|first=Nicole|date=February 1, 2011|title='Movements that are drawn': A history of environmental animation from The Lorax to FernGully to Avatar|journal=International Communication Gazette|language=en|volume=73|issue=1–2|pages=145–163|doi=10.1177/1748048510386746|s2cid=144108423|issn=1748-0485}}</ref>


@@ -31,11 +31,12 @@ In her book ''The Undersea Network'' Starosielski examines the underwater teleco
 * "Critical Nodes, Cultural Networks: Re-mapping Guam’s Cable Infrastructure.” (2012) <ref name=":0" />
 * "Warning: Do Not Dig’: Negotiating the Visibility of Critical Infrastructures." (2012) <ref>{{Cite journal|last=Starosielski|first=Nicole|date=April 1, 2012|title=Warning: Do Not Dig': Negotiating the Visibility of Critical Infrastructures|journal=Journal of Visual Culture|language=en|volume=11|issue=1|pages=38–57|doi=10.1177/1470412911430465|issn=1470-4129|doi-access=free}}</ref>
 * "Beyond Fluidity: A Cultural History of Cinema under Water.” (2012) <ref name=":0" />
 * "Critical Nodes, Cultural Networks: Re-mapping Guam’s Cable Infrastructure.” (2012) <ref name=":0" />
 * "Warning: Do Not Dig’: Negotiating the Visibility of Critical Infrastructures." (2012) <ref>{{Cite journal|last=Starosielski|first=Nicole|date=April 1, 2012|title=Warning: Do Not Dig': Negotiating the Visibility of Critical Infrastructures|journal=Journal of Visual Culture|language=en|volume=11|issue=1|pages=38–57|doi=10.1177/1470412911430465|issn=1470-4129|doi-access=free}}</ref>
 * "Beyond Fluidity: A Cultural History of Cinema under Water.” (2012) <ref name=":0" />

-* "Network Archaeology" with Braxton Soderman and [[Cris Cheek]]. (2013)<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://amodern.net/article/network-archaeology/|title=AMODERN 2: NETWORK ARCHAEOLOGY|website=Amodern|language=en-US|access-date=2019-11-17}}</ref>
+* "Network Archaeology" with Braxton Soderman and [[Cris Cheek]]. (2013)<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://amodern.net/article/network-archaeology/|title=AMODERN 2: NETWORK ARCHAEOLOGY|website=Amodern|language=en-US|access-date=November 17, 2019}}</ref>

 * "Signal Tracks." (2014)<ref name=":0" />
 * "Signal Tracks." (2014)<ref name=":0" />

-* "The Materiality of Media Heat." (2014)<ref>{{Cite journal|url=https://ijoc.org/index.php/ijoc/article/view/3298/1268|title=The Materiality of Media Heat|last=Starosielski|first=Nicole|date=2014|journal=International Journal of Communication|volume=8 |page=5 |url-status=live|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=2019-11-17}}</ref>
+* "The Materiality of Media Heat." (2014)<ref>{{Cite journal|url=https://ijoc.org/index.php/ijoc/article/view/3298/1268|title=The Materiality of Media Heat|last=Starosielski|first=Nicole|date=2014|journal=International Journal of Communication|volume=8 |page=5 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150927001711/http://ijoc.org/index.php/ijoc/article/download/3298/1268 |archive-date=September 27, 2015 |access-date=November 17, 2019}}</ref>

 * ''Signal Traffic: Critical Studies of Media Infrastructures'' (2015) <ref name=":0" />
 * ''Signal Traffic: Critical Studies of Media Infrastructures'' (2015) <ref name=":0" />

-* "In our Wi-Fi world, the internet still depends on undersea cables." (2019) <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://theconversation.com/in-our-wi-fi-world-the-internet-still-depends-on-undersea-cables-49936|title=In our Wi-Fi world, the internet still depends on undersea cables|last=Starosielski|first=Nicole|website=The Conversation|language=en|access-date=2019-10-22}}</ref>
+* ''The Undersea Network'' (2015) {{OCLC|891123817}}
+* "In our Wi-Fi world, the internet still depends on undersea cables." (2019) <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://theconversation.com/in-our-wi-fi-world-the-internet-still-depends-on-undersea-cables-49936|title=In our Wi-Fi world, the internet still depends on undersea cables|last=Starosielski|first=Nicole|website=The Conversation|language=en|access-date=October 22, 2019}}</ref>

 
 == References ==
 {{Reflist}}
 
 == References ==
 {{Reflist}}