{{Short description|American aerospace and defense corporation}} {{Use American English|date=August 2016}} {{Use mdy dates|date=January 2024}} {{Infobox company | name = The Boeing Company | former_name = {{unbulleted list|Pacific Aero Products Co. (1916{{nbnd}}1917)|Boeing Airplane Company (1917{{nbnd}}1961)}} | logo = Boeing full logo.svg | logo_size = 260px | image = Boeing_Virginia_Headquarters.jpg | image_upright = 1.2 | image_caption = Headquarters in [[Arlington, Virginia]] | type = [[Public company|Public]] | traded_as = {{unbulleted list |{{NYSE|BA}} |[[Dow Jones Industrial Average|DJIA component]] |[[S&P 100]] component |[[S&P 500]] component }} | industry = [[Aerospace industry|Aerospace]] | fate = | predecessor = | successor = | founder = [[William E. Boeing]] | defunct = | area_served = Worldwide{{cite web |url=http://phx.corporate-ir.net/phoenix.zhtml?c=85482&p=irol-sec#8610474 |title=The Boeing Company 2012 Form 10-K Annual Report, p. 6 |access-date=October 1, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160124223201/http://phx.corporate-ir.net/phoenix.zhtml?c=85482&p=irol-sec#8610474 |archive-date=January 24, 2016 |url-status=dead }}{{rp|page=1}} | key_people = {{Unbulleted list |[[Dave Calhoun]] (President and CEO) |[[Larry Kellner]] (Chairman) }} | products = | production = {{unbulleted list |{{nowrap|480 commercial aircraft (2022)}} |{{nowrap|160 military aircraft (2022)}} |{{nowrap|5 satellites (2022)}} }} | services = | revenue = {{increase}} {{US$|77.79}}{{nbsp}}billion | revenue_year = 2023 | operating_income = {{increasenegative}} {{US$|-773}}{{nbsp}}million | income_year = 2023 | net_income = {{increasenegative}} {{US$|-2.24}}{{nbsp}}billion | net_income_year = 2023 | assets = {{decrease}} {{US$|137.01}}{{nbsp}}billion | assets_year = 2023 | equity = {{decrease}} {{US$|−17.23}}{{nbsp}}billion | equity_year = 2023 | footnotes = {{cite web |url=https://www.sec.gov/ixviewer/ix.html?doc=/Archives/edgar/data/12927/000001292724000010/ba-20231231.htm |title=The Boeing Co. 2023 Annual Report (Form 10-K) |date=January 31, 2024 |publisher=[[U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission]]}} | owner = | num_employees = 171,000 | num_employees_year = 2023 | parent = | divisions = {{unbulleted list |[[Boeing Commercial Airplanes]] |[[Boeing Defense, Space & Security|Boeing Defense, Space & Security]] |Boeing Global Services |[[Boeing Capital]] }} | subsid = {{unbulleted list |[[Aurora Flight Sciences]] |[[Boeing Australia]] |[[Boeing Canada]] |[[Boeing UK]] |[[Insitu]] |[[Jeppesen]] |[[Spectrolab]] |[[Wisk Aero]] }} | caption = | foundation = {{Start date and age|1916|07|15}} in [[Seattle]] | location = | location_city = [[Arlington, Virginia]] | location_country = U.S. | locations = | homepage = {{URL|https://boeing.com}} }} '''The Boeing Company''' ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|b|oʊ|ɪ|ŋ}}) is an American [[multinational corporation]] that designs, manufactures, and sells airplanes, [[rotorcraft]], [[rocket]]s, [[satellite]]s, [[telecommunications equipment]], and [[missile]]s worldwide.{{Cite web |last=Bernal |first=Kyle |date=December 23, 2022 |title=What Are the Top Boeing Government Contracts? |url=https://executivegov.com/articles/what-are-the-top-boeing-government-contracts |access-date=June 8, 2023 |language=en-US}} The company also provides leasing and product support services. Boeing is among the largest global [[aerospace manufacturer]]s; it is the third-largest [[List of defense contractors|defense contractor]] in the world based on 2020 revenue{{Cite web |url=http://people.defensenews.com/top-100/ |title="Top 100 for 2021" |access-date=December 20, 2016 |archive-date=July 31, 2015 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20150731071502/http://people.defensenews.com/top-100/ |url-status=live}} and is the largest exporter in the United States by dollar value.{{Cite news |url=https://www.usatoday.com/money/industries/manufacturing/2009-03-25-boeing-recession_N.htm |title=Boeing says it's flying high despite recession |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120111124655/http://www.usatoday.com/money/industries/manufacturing/2009-03-25-boeing-recession_N.htm |archivedate=January 11, 2012 |newspaper=[[USA Today]] |date=March 27, 2009}} Boeing's stock is a component of the [[Dow Jones Industrial Average]]. Boeing was founded by [[William Boeing]] in [[Seattle]], Washington, on July 15, 1916.{{cite web |url=https://www.boeing.com/resources/boeingdotcom/history/pdf/Boeing_Chronology.pdf |title=Boeing history chronology |website=Boeing |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180508151641/http://www.boeing.com/resources/boeingdotcom/history/pdf/Boeing_Chronology.pdf |archive-date=May 8, 2018 |url-status=live}} The present corporation is the result of the merger of Boeing with [[McDonnell Douglas]] on August 1, 1997. Then-chairman and CEO of Boeing, [[Philip M. Condit]], assumed those roles in the combined company, while [[Harry Stonecipher]], former CEO of McDonnell Douglas, became president and COO. As of 2023, the Boeing Company's corporate headquarters is located in the [[Crystal City, Virginia|Crystal City]] neighborhood of [[Arlington, Virginia]].{{cite web |last=Hansen |first=Drew |date=February 21, 2023 |title=Boeing offers CEO Dave Calhoun more than $5M in additional stock awards to stay on |url=https://www.bizjournals.com/washington/news/2023/02/21/boeing-dave-calhoun-compensation.html |publisher=[[American City Business Journals]]}} The company is organized into four primary divisions: [[Boeing Commercial Airplanes]] (BCA); [[Boeing Defense, Space & Security]] (BDS); Boeing Global Services; and [[Boeing Capital]]. In 2021, Boeing recorded $62.3{{nbsp}}billion (€56.1bn) in sales.{{cite web |url=https://www.statista.com/statistics/264374/boeings-worldwide-revenue/ |title=Boeing's worldwide revenue from FY 2007 to FY 2021 |date=February 3, 2023 |publisher=Statista}} Boeing is ranked 54th on the [[Fortune 500|''Fortune'' 500]] list (2020),{{cite web |url=http://fortune.com/fortune500/boeing/ |title=Boeing |website=Fortune |language=en-US |access-date=July 22, 2021 |archive-date=June 30, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170630173450/http://fortune.com/fortune500/boeing/ |url-status=live}} and ranked 121st on the [[Fortune Global 500|''Fortune'' Global 500]] list (2020).{{cite web |url=https://fortune.com/global500/2020/search/?name=boeing |title=Boeing |website=Fortune |language=en-US |access-date=September 26, 2020 |archive-date=November 16, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211116191448/https://fortune.com/global500/2020/search/?name=boeing |url-status=live}} ==History== {{main|History of Boeing}} ===Origins=== The Boeing Company was started in 1916, when American lumber industrialist [[William E. Boeing]] founded Pacific Aero Products Company in Seattle, Washington. Shortly before doing so, he and Conrad Westervelt created the [[Boeing Model 1|"B&W" seaplane]].{{cite web |url=https://www.aerotime.aero/articles/32338-story-of-boeing-from-single-plane-to-aerospace-giant |title=The story of Boeing: from single plane to aerospace giant |website=aerotime.aero |language=en |access-date=May 3, 2023 |date=October 11, 2022 |first=Gabriele|last=Petrauskaite}} In 1917, the organization was renamed Boeing Airplane Company, with William Boeing forming Boeing Airplane & Transport Corporation in 1928.{{Cite web |url=https://www.historylink.org/file/8023 |title=Boeing, William Edward (1881–1956) |work=[[HistoryLink]] |first1=John |last1=Schultz |first2=David |last2=Wilma |publication-date=December 21, 2006}} In 1929, the company was renamed [[United Aircraft and Transport Corporation]], followed by the acquisition of several aircraft makers such as Avion, Chance [[Vought]], [[Sikorsky Aircraft|Sikorsky Aviation]], [[Stearman Aircraft]], [[Pratt & Whitney]], and Hamilton Metalplane. In 1931, the group merged its four smaller airlines into [[United Airlines]]. In 1934, aircraft manufacturing was required to be separate from air transportation.{{cite web |url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/United-Airlines |title=United Airlines {{!}} American corporation |website=Encyclopedia Britannica |language=en |access-date=January 24, 2020 |archive-date=May 10, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200510035622/https://www.britannica.com/topic/United-Airlines |url-status=live}} Therefore, Boeing Airplane Company became one of three major groups to arise from the dissolution of United Aircraft and Transport; the other two entities were [[United Aircraft]] (later [[United Technologies]]) and United Airlines. In 1960, the company bought [[Piasecki Helicopter|Vertol Aircraft Corporation]], which at the time, was the biggest independent manufacturer of [[helicopter]]s.{{cite web |url=https://yucommentator.org/2019/12/crash-landing/ |title=Crash Landing |date=December 22, 2019 |website=The Commentator |access-date=January 24, 2020 |archive-date=July 27, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200727030644/https://yucommentator.org/2019/12/crash-landing/ |url-status=live}} During the 1960s and 1970s, the company diversified into industries such as outer space travel, marine craft, agriculture, energy production and transit systems. === Sea Launch === In 1995, Boeing partnered with Russian, Ukrainian, and Anglo-Norwegian organizations to create [[Sea Launch]], a company providing commercial launch services sending satellites to geostationary orbit from floating platforms.{{cite web |url=http://www.spacedaily.com/reports/What_Happened_to_Sea_Launch_999.html |title=What Happened to Sea Launch |website=Space Daily |access-date=January 24, 2020 |archive-date=December 14, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181214012227/http://www.spacedaily.com/reports/What_Happened_to_Sea_Launch_999.html |url-status=live}} In 2000, Boeing acquired the satellite segment of [[Hughes Electronics]].{{cite web |author=Stanley I. Weiss and Amir R. Amir |url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Boeing-Company |title=Boeing Company – Description, History, & Aircraft |website=Encyclopedia Britannica |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190718204814/https://www.britannica.com/topic/Boeing-Company |archive-date=July 18, 2019 |url-status=live}}{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2000/01/13/business/3.75-billion-boeing-hughes-satellite-deal-expected.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150503031125/http://www.nytimes.com/2000/01/13/business/3.75-billion-boeing-hughes-satellite-deal-expected.html |archive-date=May 3, 2015 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |title=$3.75 Billion Boeing-Hughes Satellite Deal Expected |last=Pollack |first=Andrew |date=January 13, 2000 |work=The New York Times |access-date=January 24, 2020 |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331}} === Merger with McDonnell Douglas === In December 1996, Boeing announced its intention to merge with [[McDonnell Douglas]], which, following regulatory approval, was completed on August 4, 1997.{{cite news |last=Skapinker |first=Michael |date=August 5, 1997 |title= Boeing completes McDonnell Douglas takeover |work=Financial Times |location=London}} The delay was caused by objections from the [[European Commission]], which ultimately placed three conditions on the merger: exclusivity agreements with three US airlines would be terminated, separate accounts would be maintained for the McDonnell-Douglas civil aircraft business, and some defense patents were to be made available to competitors.{{cite news |last=Skapinker |first=Michael |date=September 23, 1997 |title=World's skies are dominated by US |work=Financial Times |location=London}} In 2020, ''[[Quartz (publication)|Quartz]]'' reported that after the merger there was a "clash of corporate cultures, where Boeing's engineers and McDonnell Douglas's bean-counters went head-to-head", which the latter won, and that this may have contributed to the events leading up to the 737 MAX crash crisis.{{Cite news |title=The 1997 merger that paved the way for the Boeing 737 Max crisis |last=Frost |first=Natasha |website=yahoo!finance |publisher=Originally published by Quartz |date=January 3, 2020 |url=https://finance.yahoo.com/news/1997-merger-paved-way-boeing-090042193.html |access-date=February 22, 2022 |archive-date=February 22, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220222184520/https://finance.yahoo.com/news/1997-merger-paved-way-boeing-090042193.html |url-status=live}} === Corporate headquarters moves === Boeing's corporate headquarters moved from Seattle to Chicago in 2001.{{cite web |url=https://www.kiro7.com/news/local/on-this-day-boeing-moves-corporate-headquarters-to-chicago-in-2001/827067193/ |title=On this day: Boeing moves corporate headquarters to Chicago in 2001 |last=Historylink.org |first=David Wilma |website=KIRO |date=September 4, 2018 |language=en-US |access-date=January 24, 2020 |archive-date=September 10, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190910013026/https://www.kiro7.com/news/local/on-this-day-boeing-moves-corporate-headquarters-to-chicago-in-2001/827067193 |url-status=live}} In 2018, the company opened its first factory in Europe at [[Sheffield]], UK, reinforced by a research partnership with the [[University of Sheffield]].{{Cite press release |editor-last1=Barton |editor-first1=Sean |url=https://www.sheffield.ac.uk/news/boeing-and-university-sheffield-amrc-renew-partnership-five-more-years |title=Boeing and University of Sheffield AMRC renew partnership for five more years |publisher=[[University of Sheffield]] |date=February 4, 2021}} In May 2020, the company cut over 12,000 jobs due to the drop in air travel during the [[COVID-19 pandemic]] with plans for a total 10% cut of its workforce or approximately 16,000 positions.{{cite news |url=https://www.npr.org/sections/coronavirus-live-updates/2020/05/27/863289761/boeing-cuts-more-than-12-000-jobs-due-to-drop-in-air-travel |title=Boeing Cuts More Than 12,000 Jobs Due To Drop In Air Travel |newspaper=[[NPR]] |last=Schaper |first=David |date=May 27, 2020 |access-date=July 29, 2020 |archive-date=July 27, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200727010525/https://www.npr.org/sections/coronavirus-live-updates/2020/05/27/863289761/boeing-cuts-more-than-12-000-jobs-due-to-drop-in-air-travel |url-status=live}} In July 2020, Boeing reported a loss of $2.4 billion (€2.2B) as a result of the pandemic and the [[Boeing 737 MAX groundings]], and that it was in response planning to make more job and production cuts.{{cite news |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/boeing-plans-deeper-job-and-production-cuts-11596024925?mod=business_lead_pos3 |title=Boeing Plans Deeper Job and Production Cuts |work=The Wall Street Journal |last1=Cameron |first1=Doug |last2=Tangel |first2=Andrew |date=July 29, 2020 |access-date=July 29, 2020 |archive-date=July 29, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200729212749/https://www.wsj.com/articles/boeing-plans-deeper-job-and-production-cuts-11596024925?mod=business_lead_pos3 |url-status=live}} On August 18, 2020, CEO Dave Calhoun announced further job cuts;{{cite web |author=Chris Isidore |title=Boeing plans more job cuts on top of 16,000 announced this spring |url=https://www.cnn.com/2020/08/18/business/boeing-more-job-cuts/index.html |access-date=August 18, 2020 |website=CNN |date=August 18, 2020 |archive-date=August 18, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200818202931/https://www.cnn.com/2020/08/18/business/boeing-more-job-cuts/index.html |url-status=live}} on October 28, 2020, nearly 30,000 employees were laid off, as the airplane manufacturer was increasingly losing money due to the COVID-19 pandemic.{{cite news |url= https://www.npr.org/sections/coronavirus-live-updates/2020/10/28/928884032/citing-devastating-pandemic-impact-boeing-to-lay-off-7-000-more-workers |title= Citing 'Devastating' Pandemic Impact, Boeing To Lay Off 7,000 More Workers |access-date= October 28, 2020 |website= NPR |date= October 28, 2020 |last1= Schaper |first1= David |archive-date= November 1, 2020 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20201101133848/https://www.npr.org/sections/coronavirus-live-updates/2020/10/28/928884032/citing-devastating-pandemic-impact-boeing-to-lay-off-7-000-more-workers |url-status= live}} In May 2022, Boeing announced plans to move its global headquarters from Chicago to [[Arlington, Virginia]], a suburb of Washington, D.C. The company said that this decision was made in part to concentrate on its defense work with "proximity to our customers and stakeholders."{{cite web |url=https://boeing.mediaroom.com/2022-05-05-Boeing-Names-Northern-Virginia-Office-Its-Global-Headquarters-Establishes-Research-Technology-Hub |title=Boeing Names Northern Virginia Office Its Global Headquarters; Establishes Research & Technology Hub |website=Boeing |language=en-US |access-date=May 5, 2022 |archive-date=May 5, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220505235114/https://boeing.mediaroom.com/2022-05-05-Boeing-Names-Northern-Virginia-Office-Its-Global-Headquarters-Establishes-Research-Technology-Hub |url-status=live}}{{cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/transportation/2022/05/05/boeing-headquarters-chicago-arlington/ |title=Boeing to move headquarters from Chicago to Arlington, Va. |date=May 5, 2022 |author1=Taylor Telford |author2=Ian Duncan |author3=Laura Vozzella |author4=Teo Armus |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |place=Washington, D.C. |issn=0190-8286 |oclc=1330888409 |access-date=July 4, 2022 |archive-date=May 6, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220506062159/https://www.washingtonpost.com/transportation/2022/05/05/boeing-headquarters-chicago-arlington/ |url-status=live}} In February 2023, Boeing announced plans for laying off approximately 2,000 of its workers from finances and human resources.{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/business-64549761 | title=Boeing: Plane maker plans to cut 2,000 office jobs this year | date=February 7, 2023 | publisher=BBC News |access-date=February 7, 2023}} In May 2023, Boeing acquired autonomous [[eVTOL]] air taxi startup [[Wisk Aero]].{{cite news |last=Root |first=Al |date=May 31, 2023 |title= Boeing Buys Self-Driving Air Taxi Start-Up Wisk |url=https://www.barrons.com/articles/boeing-air-taxi-acquisition-5ac7c6ef |work=[[Barron's (newspaper)|Barron's]] |archive-url=https://archive.today/2023.06.01-163230/https://www.barrons.com/amp/articles/boeing-air-taxi-acquisition-5ac7c6ef |archive-date=June 1, 2023 |url-status=live}} ==Divisions== {{Moresources|section|date=February 2024}} [[File:Ridley Park PA Boeing.JPG|thumb|alt=Boeing plant in Ridley Park, Pennsylvania – a building with aluminum siding, parking lot in front, and a flagpole with seven flags|Boeing plant in [[Ridley Park, Pennsylvania]]]] The corporation's four main divisions are Boeing Commercial Airplanes (BCA), Boeing Defense, Space & Security (BDS), Boeing Global Services, and Boeing Capital.{{cite web |url=http://www.boeing.com/company/general-info/ |title=Boeing in Brief |publisher=Boeing |access-date=August 28, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160218224524/http://www.boeing.com/company/general-info |archive-date=February 18, 2016 |url-status=live}} [[Boeing Commercial Airplanes]] (BCA) builds commercial aircraft including the [[Boeing 737|737]], [[Boeing 747|747]], [[Boeing 767|767]], [[Boeing 777|777]], and [[Boeing 787 Dreamliner|787]] along with freighter and [[Boeing Business Jet|business jet]] variants of most. The division employs nearly 35,000 people, many working at the company's manufacturing facilities in [[Boeing Everett Factory|Everett]] and [[Boeing Renton Factory|Renton]], Washington (outside of [[Seattle]]), and [[Boeing South Carolina|South Carolina]]. [[Boeing Defense, Space & Security]] (BDS) builds military aircraft, satellites, spacecraft, and space launch vehicles. Boeing Global Services provides aftermarket support, such as maintenance and upgrades, to customers who purchase equipment from BCA, BDS, or from other manufacturers. [[Boeing Capital]] provides customers financing for the products and services from the company's other divisions. ==Safety defects and airplane crashes== In [[Lion Air Flight 610|2018]] and [[Ethiopian Airlines Flight 302|2019]], two [[Boeing 737 MAX]] narrow-body passenger airplanes crashed, leaving 346 people dead and no survivors. In response, aviation regulators and airlines around the world [[Boeing 737 MAX groundings|grounded all 737 MAX]] airliners.{{cite news |title= Boeing Scrambles to Contain Fallout From Deadly Ethiopia Crash |work= The New York Times |url= https://www.nytimes.com/2019/03/11/business/ethiopian-airline-crash.html |agency= The New York Times |date= March 12, 2019 |access-date= July 2, 2019 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20190606021034/https://www.nytimes.com/2019/03/11/business/ethiopian-airline-crash.html |archive-date= June 6, 2019 |url-status= live|last1= Gelles |first1= David |last2= Kitroeff |first2= Natalie |last3= Ahmed |first3= Hadra }} A total of 387 aircraft were grounded.{{cite web |url=https://www.flightradar24.com/blog/where-the-grounded-737-max-are-stored/ |title=Where the grounded 737 MAX are stored |date=March 16, 2019 |publisher=Flightradar24 Blog |access-date=March 17, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190606085511/https://www.flightradar24.com/blog/where-the-grounded-737-max-are-stored/ |archive-date=June 6, 2019 |url-status=live}} Boeing's reputation, business, and financial rating suffered after the groundings, as Boeing's strategy, governance, and focus on profits and cost efficiency were questioned.{{cite web |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/faa-wants-to-increase-bear-strap-inspections-in-certain-boeing-planes-11570045320 |title=Boeing Prioritized Costs Over Safety, Engineer Alleges |author=Andrew Tangel and Andy Pasztor |date=October 2, 2019 |work=[[WSJ]] |access-date=October 23, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191015144609/https://www.wsj.com/articles/faa-wants-to-increase-bear-strap-inspections-in-certain-boeing-planes-11570045320 |archive-date=October 15, 2019 |url-status=live}}{{cite news |title= Boeing's credit-rating outlook downgraded by S&P Global |url= https://www.marketwatch.com/story/boeings-credit-rating-outlook-downgraded-by-sp-global-2019-10-22 |publisher= [[MarketWatch]] |author= Claudia Assis |date= October 22, 2019 |access-date= October 23, 2019 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20191023141200/https://www.marketwatch.com/story/boeings-credit-rating-outlook-downgraded-by-sp-global-2019-10-22 |archive-date= October 23, 2019 |url-status= live}}{{cite news |title=Boeing survey showed employees felt pressure from managers on safety approvals |url=https://www.cnbc.com/2019/10/20/boeing-survey-shows-safety-workers-felt-pressure-from-managers-report.html |work=[[CNBC]] |author=Leslie Josephs and Thomas Franck |date=October 22, 2019 |access-date=October 23, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191023142702/https://www.cnbc.com/2019/10/20/boeing-survey-shows-safety-workers-felt-pressure-from-managers-report.html |archive-date=October 23, 2019 |url-status=live}} In 2022, [[Netflix]] released an exposé, ''[[Downfall: The Case Against Boeing]]'', claiming Boeing's corporate merger with McDonnell Douglas led to the crashes through a disintegration of workplace [[Morale|esprit de corps]].{{Cite news |first1=Harry |last1=Hurt III |author1-link=Harry Hurt III |date=November 20, 2010 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2010/11/21/business/21shelf.html |title=The Pain of Change at Boeing |newspaper=[[The New York Times]]}}{{Cite web |last1=Frost |first1=Natasha |date=January 3, 2020 |url=https://qz.com/1776080/how-the-mcdonnell-douglas-boeing-merger-led-to-the-737-max-crisis |title=The 1997 merger that paved the way for the Boeing 737 Max crisis |work=[[Quartz (publication)]]}}{{Cite web |last1=Smart |first1=Jon |date=January 28, 2021 |url=https://itrevolution.com/articles/lack-of-psychological-safety-at-boeing/ |title=Lack of Psychological Safety at Boeing |website=itrevolution.com}} In June 2020, the [[Federal Aviation Administration]] found several 737 MAX defects that Boeing deferred to fix, in violation of [[Federal Aviation Regulations|regulations]].{{cite web |date=July 9, 2020 |title=FAA Probing Boeing's Alleged Pressure on Designated Inspectors |url=https://www.bnnbloomberg.ca/faa-probing-boeing-s-alleged-pressure-on-designated-inspectors-1.1463003 |access-date=July 30, 2020 |website=BNN Bloomberg}} In September 2020, the [[United States House of Representatives|U.S. House of Representatives]] concluded its own investigation and cited numerous instances where Boeing dismissed employee concerns with a 737 MAX flight stabilizing feature ([[Maneuvering Characteristics Augmentation System|MCAS]]) that caused the two fatal accidents, prioritized deadline and budget constraints over [[Aviation safety|safety]], and lacked transparency in disclosing essential information to the FAA. It further found that the assumption that [[Simulator training for the Boeing MAX 737|simulator training]] would not be necessary had "diminished safety, minimized the value of [[Flight training|pilot training]], and inhibited technical design improvements".{{cite web |date=September 15, 2020 |title=Final Committee Report on the Design, Development, and Certification of the Boeing 737 MAX |url=https://transportation.house.gov/download/20200915-final-737-max-report-for-public-release&download=1 |publisher=The House Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure |page=141}}{{Dead link |date=October 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes}} On January 7, 2021, Boeing [[Settlement (litigation)|settled]] to pay over $2.5 billion after being charged with fraud over the company's hiding of information from the safety regulators: a [[fine (penalty)|criminal monetary penalty]] of $243.6 million, $1.77 billion of damages to airline customers, and a $500 million crash-victim beneficiaries fund.{{Cite web |last1=Josephs |first1=Leslie |date=January 7, 2021 |url=https://www.cnbc.com/2021/01/07/doj-fines-boeing-over-2point5-billion-charges-it-with-fraud-conspiracy-over-737-max-crashes.html |title=Boeing to pay more than $2.5 billion to settle criminal conspiracy charge over 737 Max |work=[[CNBC]]}} In September 2022, Boeing was ordered to pay a further $200 million (€180M) over charges of misleading investors about safety issues related to these crashes.{{cite news |date=September 23, 2022 |title=737 MAX: Boeing to pay $200m over charges it misled investors |publisher=BBC News |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/business-63003632 |access-date=September 23, 2022}} In March 2023, Boeing disputed in court filings that the victims of [[Ethiopian Airlines Flight 302]] (the 2019 crash) experienced any pain and suffering in the final six minutes as the plane was nosediving into the ground, citing "speed of sound" as a defence. Boeing's claim was described as "preposterous" by [[Huffington Post]]:{{cite news|url=https://www.huffpost.com/entry/boeing-737-crash-pain-suffering-damages_n_641373e2e4b00c3e6072bda5 |title=Did Victims In 737 Max Crash Suffer Before They Died? Boeing Lawyers Say No. |date=March 17, 2023 |publisher=Huffpost |access-date=March 19, 2023}} {{blockquote|Passengers aboard the plane, the plaintiffs argued in court, "undeniably suffered horrific emotional distress, pain and suffering, and physical impact/injury while they endured extreme G-forces, braced for impact, knew the airplane was malfunctioning, and ultimately plummeted nose-down to the ground at terrifying speed."}} While the investigations into the crashes of the 737 MAX were proceeding, the [[Boeing 777X]], the company's largest capacity twin jet and the largest ever built, made its maiden flight on January 25, 2020,{{cite web |last=Josephs |first=Leslie |date=January 25, 2020 |title=Boeing's 777X, the world's largest twin-engine jet, completes maiden flight |url=https://www.cnbc.com/2020/01/25/boeings-777x-largest-ever-twin-engine-jet-takes-off-in-maiden-flight.html |website=CNBC |language=en |access-date=December 27, 2020 |archive-date=November 28, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201128074413/https://www.cnbc.com/2020/01/25/boeings-777x-largest-ever-twin-engine-jet-takes-off-in-maiden-flight.html |url-status=live}} but also experienced problems. Following an incident during [[Boeing 777X#Testing|flight testing]] in 2021, the estimated first delivery of the aircraft was delayed until 2024.{{cite news |last=Gates |first=Dominic |date=June 27, 2021 |title=Citing a serious flight test incident and lack of design maturity, FAA slows Boeing 777X certification |work=The Seattle Times |url=https://www.seattletimes.com/business/boeing-aerospace/citing-a-serious-flight-test-incident-and-lack-of-design-maturity-faa-slows-boeing-777x-certification/ |access-date=June 27, 2021 |archive-date=June 12, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220612173406/https://www.seattletimes.com/business/boeing-aerospace/citing-a-serious-flight-test-incident-and-lack-of-design-maturity-faa-slows-boeing-777x-certification/ |url-status=live}} After [[Boeing 777X#2022|further technical problems]] were discovered in the aircraft in 2022, the release was delayed again until 2025, six years after the original date.{{Cite web |last=Meier |first=Ricardo |date=November 30, 2022 |title=Boeing acknowledges 777X engine problem after grounding flights two months ago |url=https://www.airdatanews.com/boeing-acknowledges-777x-engine-problem-after-grounding-flights-two-months-ago/ |access-date=January 7, 2024 |website=Air Data News |language=en-US}}{{Cite web |title=Emirates' Clark: No A380 or B747 will lead to rising fares |url=https://www.aerotime.aero/articles/32785-emirates-tim-clark-future-a380-operation-interview |access-date=January 7, 2024 |website= aerotime.aero |date=November 29, 2022 |language=en}} On January 5, 2024, on [[Alaska Airlines Flight 1282]], a door plug blowout{{Cite news |first1=Colbi |last1=Edmonds |first2=Rebecca |last2=Carballo |date=January 7, 2024 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2024/01/07/us/alaska-airlines-boeing-passengers.html |title=The Frightful Minutes Aboard Flight 1282 |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |url-access=subscription}}{{Cite web |last1=Sephton |first1=Connor |date=January 7, 2024 |url=https://news.sky.com/story/alaska-airlines-blowout-170-planes-grounded-after-dramatic-mid-air-incident-on-new-aircraft-stuns-aviation-experts-13043399 |title=Alaska Airlines blowout: 197 planes grounded after dramatic mid-air incident on new aircraft stuns aviation experts |work=[[Sky News]]}} occurred on a [[Boeing 737 MAX#737 MAX 9|737 MAX 9]] jetliner after the plane had reached just over 16,000 feet, leaving a [[Boeing 737 MAX groundings#2024|door-sized hole in the fuselage]] and the aircraft made an emergency landing at [[Portland International Airport]] successfully with several people onboard injured, although all had subsequently been "medically cleared".{{Cite web |date=2024-01-18 |title=Information about Alaska Airlines Flight 1282 |url=https://news.alaskaair.com/alaska-airlines/operations/as-1282/ |access-date=2024-01-20 |website=Alaska Airlines News |language=en-US}} The FAA mandated immediate inspections of all 737 MAX 9s fitted with door plugs, [[Alaska Airlines Flight 1282#Aftermath|thereby grounding]] 171 aircraft.{{Cite news |last=[[Federal Aviation Authority]] |first=The |title=FAA Statement on Temporary Grounding of Certain Boeing 737 MAX 9 Aircraft |url=https://www.faa.gov/newsroom/faa-statement-temporary-grounding-certain-boeing-737-max-9-aircraft}}{{Cite news |first1=Audrey |last1=McAvoy |first2=David |last2=Koenig |date=January 7, 2024 |url=https://apnews.com/article/alaska-airlines-portland-oregon-emergency-landing-b522e36ff228b5ea9a89ea13ee24f597 |title=Federal officials order grounding of some Boeing 737 Max 9 jetliners after plane suffers a blowout |work=[[Associated Press News]]}}{{Cite news |first1=David |last1=Shepardson |first2=Valerie |last2=Insinna |first3=Tim |last3=Hepher |date=January 7, 2024 |url=https://www.reuters.com/business/aerospace-defense/us-safety-board-investigating-alaska-airlines-boeing-737-max-9-emergency-landing-2024-01-06/ |title=US grounds some Boeing MAX planes for safety checks after cabin emergency |work=[[Reuters]]}} [[United Airlines]] found loose bolts on jets grounded by the FAA, raising questions about possible systematic problems with the Boeing 737 MAX 9.{{Cite news |first1=Lori |last1=Aratani |first2=Kelly Kasulis |last2=Cho |date=January 8, 2024 |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/business/2024/01/08/boeing-737-max-inspections-begin/ |title=United finds loose bolts on Boeing jets grounded after blowout incident |newspaper=[[Washington Post]] |url-access=subscription}} The FAA announced on January 12 that it was expanding its scrutiny of Boeing, with a production audit of the 737 MAX 9.{{Cite news |last1=Chokshi |first1=Niraj |date=January 12, 2024 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2024/01/12/business/faa-boeing-737-max-investigation.html |title=The F.A.A. to Increase Oversight of Boeing and Audit 737 Max 9 Production |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |url-access=subscription}} On 6 February, the [[National Transportation Safety Board]] released a preliminary report indicating that four bolts used to secure the panel had been removed, and appeared not to have been replaced, at Boeing’s factory in [[Renton, Washington]].{{Cite news |last1=Ember |first1=Sydney | last2=Walker |first2=Mark |date=February 6, 2024 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2024/02/06/business/ntsb-boeing-alaska-airlines-report.htmlhttps://www.nytimes.com/2024/02/06/business/ntsb-boeing-alaska-airlines-report.html |title=Alaska Airlines 737 May Have Left Boeing Factory Missing Bolts, N.T.S.B. Says |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |url-access=subscription}} ==Environmental record== In 2006, the [[UCLA]] Center for Environmental Risk Reduction released a study showing that Boeing's [[Santa Susana Field Laboratory]], a site that was a former Rocketdyne test and development site in the [[Simi Hills]] of eastern [[Ventura County]] in [[Southern California]], had been contaminated by Rocketdyne with [[toxic]] and [[radioactive waste]]. Boeing agreed to a cleanup agreement with the EPA in 2017.{{cite web|url=https://www.nbclosangeles.com/news/local/santa-susana-field-laboratory-cleanup/1966004/|title=Agreement Reached on Santa Susana Field Laboratory Examination Ahead of Cleanup|website=NBC Los Angeles|date=September 20, 2019 |language=en-US|access-date=January 24, 2020|archive-date=July 22, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200722103258/https://www.nbclosangeles.com/news/local/santa-susana-field-laboratory-cleanup/1966004/|url-status=live}} Clean-up studies and lawsuits are in progress.{{cite web|url=https://dtsc.ca.gov/sitecleanup/santa_susana_field_lab/|title=Santa Susana Field Laboratory (SSFL) Main Page|website=Department of Toxic Substances Control|language=en|access-date=January 24, 2020|archive-date=December 21, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191221003017/https://dtsc.ca.gov/sitecleanup/santa_susana_field_lab/|url-status=live}} On July 19, 2022, Boeing announced a renewed partnership with Mitsubishi to innovate carbon-neutral and sustainable solutions.{{cite web |url=https://travelradar.aero/boeing-partner-mitsubishi-to-advance-sustainable-air-travel/ |title=Boeing Partner Mitsubishi to Advance Sustainable Air Travel – Travel Radar |date=July 20, 2022 |access-date=July 21, 2022 |archive-date=July 21, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220721172127/https://travelradar.aero/boeing-partner-mitsubishi-to-advance-sustainable-air-travel/ |url-status=live}} ===Jet biofuels=== {{main|Aviation biofuel|Algae fuel}} [[File: Boeing Everett Plant.jpg|thumb|[[Boeing Everett Factory]], the assembly facility for most of the company's [[wide-body aircraft]]]] The airline industry is responsible for about 11% of [[greenhouse gas]]es emitted by the U.S. transportation sector. Aviation's share of the greenhouse gas emissions was poised to grow, as air travel increases and ground vehicles use more alternative fuels like [[ethanol fuel|ethanol]] and [[biodiesel]]. Boeing estimates that [[biofuel]]s could reduce flight-related greenhouse-gas emissions by 60 to 80%. The solution blends algae fuels with existing [[jet fuel]].{{cite news |author=Ángel González |url=http://seattletimes.nwsource.com/html/boeingaerospace/2003858756_boeingenergy30.html |title=To go green in jet fuel, Boeing looks at algae |work=The Seattle Times |date=August 30, 2007 |access-date=January 27, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090405100626/http://seattletimes.nwsource.com/html/boeingaerospace/2003858756_boeingenergy30.html |archive-date=April 5, 2009 |url-status=live}} Boeing executives said the company was collaborating with Brazilian biofuels maker [[Tecbio]], [[Aquaflow Bionomic]] of New Zealand, and other fuel developers around the world. As of 2007, Boeing had tested six fuels from these companies, and expected to test 20 fuels "by the time we're done evaluating them". Boeing also joined other aviation-related members in the [[Algal Biomass Organization]] (ABO) in June 2008.{{Cite web |url=http://www.greencarcongress.com/2008/06/first-airlines.html |title=First Airlines and UOP Join Algal Biomass Organization |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080623084737/http://www.greencarcongress.com/2008/06/first-airlines.html |archivedate=June 23, 2008 |work=Green Car Congress |date=June 19, 2008}} [[Air New Zealand]] and Boeing are researching the [[jatropha]] plant to see if it is a sustainable alternative to conventional fuel.{{cite web|url=http://www.biomassmagazine.com/articles/1745/air-new-zealand-to-use-jatropha-jet-fuel/|title=Air New Zealand to use jatropha jet fuel {{!}} Biomassmagazine.com|website=www.biomassmagazine.com|language=en|access-date=January 24, 2020|archive-date=July 27, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200727010722/http://www.biomassmagazine.com/articles/1745/air-new-zealand-to-use-jatropha-jet-fuel/|url-status=live}} A two-hour test flight using a 50–50 mixture of the new biofuel with [[Jet fuel|Jet A-1]] in a Rolls-Royce RB-211 engine of a 747–400 was completed on December 30, 2008.{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2008/dec/30/biofuel-test-plane|title=Air New Zealand jet completes world's first second-generation biofuel flight|last1=Jha|first1=Alok|date=December 30, 2008|work=The Guardian|access-date=January 24, 2020|last2=correspondent|first2=green technology|language=en-GB|issn=0261-3077|archive-date=July 22, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160722071324/https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2008/dec/30/biofuel-test-plane|url-status=live}} The engine was then removed to be studied to identify any differences between the Jatropha blend and regular Jet A1. No effects on performances were found. On August 31, 2010, Boeing worked with the [[U.S. Air Force]] to test the [[Boeing C-17]] running on 50% JP-8, 25% hydro-treated renewable jet fuel, and 25% of Fischer–Tropsch fuel with successful results.{{cite web|url=https://www.af.mil/News/Article-Display/Article/115697/c-17-conducts-flight-test-with-biofuel/|title=C-17 conducts flight test with biofuel|website=U.S. Air Force|date=September 3, 2010 |language=en-US|access-date=January 24, 2020|archive-date=July 27, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200727020006/https://www.af.mil/News/Article-Display/Article/115697/c-17-conducts-flight-test-with-biofuel/|url-status=live}} ===Electric propulsion=== For NASA's N+3 future airliner program, Boeing has determined that [[Hybrid electric aircraft|hybrid electric]] engine technology is by far the best choice for its subsonic design. Hybrid electric propulsion has the potential to shorten takeoff distance and reduce noise. Boeing created a team to study electric propulsion in future generation of subsonic commercial aircraft. SUGAR for Subsonic Ultra Green Aircraft Research includes BR&T, Boeing Commercial Airplanes, General Electric, and Georgia Tech. There are five main concepts the team is reviewing. SUGAR-Free and Refined SUGAR, are two concepts based on conventional aircraft similar to the 737. SUGAR High and SUGAR Volt, are both high-span, strut-based wing concepts. The final concept is SUGAR Ray, which is a wing-body hybrid. The SUGAR Volt concept has resulted in a drop in fuel burn by more than 70 percent and a reduction of total energy use by 55%. This reduction is the result of adding an electric battery gas turbine hybrid propulsion system.{{cite web |url=http://www.boeing.com/Features/2010/06/corp_envision_06_14_10.html |title=Boeing Feature Story: Envisioning tomorrow's aircraft |publisher=Boeing |date=August 16, 2010 |access-date=May 21, 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130906062915/http://www.boeing.com/Features/2010/06/corp_envision_06_14_10.html |archive-date=September 6, 2013}} ==Political contributions, federal contracts, advocacy== [[File:Boeing 787-10 rollout with President Trump (32335755473) (cropped).jpg|thumb|Boeing CEO [[Dennis Muilenburg]] and US President [[Donald Trump]] at the [[Boeing 787 Dreamliner|787-10 Dreamliner]] rollout ceremony in 2017]] In 2008 and 2009, Boeing was second on the list of [[Top 100 US Federal Contractors]], with contracts totaling {{US$}}22 billion (€19.8B) and {{US$}}23 billion (€20.7B) respectively.{{cite web |url=https://www.fpds.gov/fpdsng_cms/index.php/reports |title=Top 100 Contractors Report – Fiscal Year 2009 |publisher=fpds.gov |access-date=January 4, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110721045940/https://www.fpds.gov/fpdsng_cms/index.php/reports |archive-date=July 21, 2011 |url-status=live}}{{cite web |url=https://www.fpds.gov/fpdsng_cms/index.php/reports |title=Top 100 Contractors Report – Fiscal Year 2008 |publisher=fpds.gov |access-date=January 4, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110721045940/https://www.fpds.gov/fpdsng_cms/index.php/reports |archive-date=July 21, 2011 |url-status=live}} Between 1995 and early 2021, the company agreed to pay {{US$}}4.3 billion (€3.9B) to settle 84 instances of misconduct, including {{US$}}615 million (€554M) in 2006 in relation to illegal hiring of government officials and improper use of proprietary information.{{cite web |url=https://www.contractormisconduct.org/contractors/13/boeing-company |title=Federal Contractor Misconduct Database |publisher=[[Project on Government Oversight]] |access-date=April 30, 2021 |archive-date=April 11, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210411035227/https://www.contractormisconduct.org/contractors/13/boeing-company |url-status=live}}{{cite web |url=http://www.contractormisconduct.org/index.cfm/1,73,222,html?CaseID=300 |title=Contractor Case – Boeing Company |publisher=[[Project on Government Oversight]] |access-date=January 5, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100817040747/http://www.contractormisconduct.org/index.cfm/1,73,222,html?CaseID=300 |archive-date=August 17, 2010 |url-status=live}}{{cite web |url=http://www.contractormisconduct.org/ |title=Federal Contractor Misconduct Database |publisher=[[Project on Government Oversight]] |access-date=January 5, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110508031346/http://www.contractormisconduct.org/ |archive-date=May 8, 2011 |url-status=live}} Boeing secured the highest-ever [[tax break]]s at the state level in 2013.{{cite news |title=Biggest Tax Break In U.S. History May Not Be Enough For Boeing |url=https://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/11/15/boeing-state-taxes_n_4281100.html |newspaper=[[Huffington Post]] |access-date=November 4, 2016 |date=November 15, 2013 |last1=Berman |first1=Jillian |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161105033407/http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/11/15/boeing-state-taxes_n_4281100.html |archive-date=November 5, 2016 |url-status=live}} Boeing's spent {{US$}}16.9 million (€15.2M) on lobbying expenditures in 2009.{{cite web |url=http://www.opensecrets.org/lobby/clientsum.php?year=2010&lname=Boeing+Co&id= |title=Boeing Co Lobbying Expenditure |publisher=[[OpenSecrets]] |access-date=January 5, 2011 |archive-date=July 21, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220721172129/https://www.opensecrets.org/federal-lobbying/top-spenders?cache=1658423652 |url-status=live}}{{cite web |url=http://soprweb.senate.gov/index.cfm?event=chooseFields |title=Lobbying Disclosure Act Database |publisher=United States Senate |access-date=January 5, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101231011939/http://soprweb.senate.gov/index.cfm?event=chooseFields |archive-date=December 31, 2010 |url-status=dead}} In the [[2008 United States presidential election|2008 presidential election]], [[Barack Obama]] "was by far the biggest recipient of campaign contributions from Boeing employees and executives, hauling in {{US$}}197,000 (€177,000) – five times as much as [[John McCain]], and more than the top eight Republicans combined".{{Cite news |last1=Carney |first1=Timothy |date=April 24, 2011 |url=http://washingtonexaminer.com/boeing-lives-by-big-government-dies-by-big-government/article/113179 |title=Boeing lives by big government, dies by big government |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150907005741/http://www.washingtonexaminer.com/boeing-lives-by-big-government-dies-by-big-government/article/113179 |archivedate=September 7, 2015 |newspaper=[[Washington Examiner]]}} Boeing has a [[corporate citizenship]] program centered on charitable contributions in five areas: education, health, [[human services]], [[Natural environment|environment]], [[the arts]], culture, and [[Civics|civic engagement]].{{Cite web |url=https://www.fundsforngos.org/corporate-donors/boeing-corporate-citizenship-programme/ |title=Boeing Corporate Citizenship Programme |work=fundsforngos.org |accessdate=January 12, 2024}} In 2011, Boeing spent {{US$}}147.3 million (€133M) in these areas through [[Charity (practice)|charitable grants]] and [[Patronage|business sponsorships]].{{cite web |title=Boeing Corporate Citizenship Report 2011 |url=http://www.boeing.com/companyoffices/aboutus/community/2011_report/#/4/ |access-date=September 19, 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120922023316/http://boeing.com/companyoffices/aboutus/community/2011_report/#/4/ |archive-date=September 22, 2012}} In February 2012, Boeing Global Corporate Citizenship partnered with the [[Insight Labs]] to develop a new model for [[Foundation (non-profit)|foundations]] to more effectively lead the sectors they serve.{{Cite web |url=https://www.labstimeline.com/boeing |title=No 30: Boeing Global Corporate Citizenship |work=[[Insight Labs]] |date=February 2012}} The company is a member of the [[U.S. Global Leadership Coalition]], a Washington D.C.-based coalition of more than 400 major companies and NGOs that advocate a larger International Affairs Budget, which funds American diplomatic and development efforts abroad.{{cite web |url=http://www.usglc.org/about/our-coalition |title=U.S. Global Leadership Coalition, Global Trust members |publisher=Usglc.org |access-date=May 21, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170727214451/http://www.usglc.org/about/our-coalition/ |archive-date=July 27, 2017 |url-status=live}} A series of [[US diplomatic cables release|U.S. diplomatic cables]] show how U.S. diplomats and senior politicians intervene on behalf of Boeing to help boost the company's sales.{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2011/01/03/business/03wikileaks-boeing.html |title=Diplomats Help Push Sales of Jetliners on the Global Market |work=The New York Times |access-date=January 5, 2011 |first1=Eric |last1=Lipton |first2=Nicola |last2=Clark |first3=Andrew W. |last3=Lehren |date=January 2, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110903023707/http://www.nytimes.com/2011/01/03/business/03wikileaks-boeing.html |archive-date=September 3, 2011 |url-status=live}} In 2007 and 2008, the company benefited from over {{US$}}10 billion (€9B) of long-term loan guarantees, helping finance the purchase of their commercial aircraft in countries including Brazil, Canada, Ireland, and the [[United Arab Emirates]], from the [[Export-Import Bank of the United States]], some 65% of the total loan guarantees the bank made in the period.{{cite web |url=http://www.pewtrusts.org/news_room_detail.aspx?id=55965 |title=Pew Analysis Shows More than 60% of Export-Import Bank Loan Guarantees Benefitted Single Company |publisher=[[The Pew Charitable Trusts]] |access-date=January 5, 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110505223257/http://www.pewtrusts.org/news_room_detail.aspx?id=55965 |archive-date=May 5, 2011}} === Criticism === In December 2011, the non-partisan organization [[Public Campaign#Reports|Public Campaign]] criticized Boeing for spending {{US$}}52.29 million (€47 million) on [[lobbying]] and [[tax avoidance|not paying taxes]] during 2008–2010, instead getting {{US$}}178 million (€160M) in tax rebates, despite making a profit of {{US$}}9.7 billion (€8.7B), laying off 14,862 workers since 2008, and increasing executive pay by 31% to {{US$}}41.9 million (€37.7M) in 2010 for its top five executives.{{cite web |last=Portero |first=Ashley |title=30 Major U.S. Corporations Paid More to Lobby Congress Than Income Taxes, 2008–2010 |url=http://www.ibtimes.com/articles/264481/20111209/30-major-u-s-corporations-paid-lobby.htm |work=[[International Business Times]] |access-date=December 26, 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120107173713/http://www.ibtimes.com/articles/264481/20111209/30-major-u-s-corporations-paid-lobby.htm |archive-date=January 7, 2012 |date=December 9, 2011}} Boeing has been accused of unethical practices (in violation of the [[Procurement Integrity Act]]) while attempting to submit a revised bid to [[NASA]] for their lunar landing project.{{cite news|last=Davenport|first=Christian|date=November 17, 2020|title=A NASA official asked Boeing if it would protest a major contract it lost. Instead, Boeing resubmitted its bid.|newspaper=The Washington Post|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/technology/2020/11/17/nasa-boeing-lunar-lander-probe/|access-date=November 19, 2020|archive-date=November 18, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201118215513/https://www.washingtonpost.com/technology/2020/11/17/nasa-boeing-lunar-lander-probe/|url-status=live}} ==== War profiteering ==== The firm has been criticized for [[War profiteering|supplying and profiting from wars]], including [[Saudi-led intervention in the Yemeni civil war|the war in Yemen]] where its missiles were found to be used for indiscriminate attacks, killing many civilians.{{cite web|last=Kane|first=Alex|title=Here's Exactly Who's Profiting from the War on Yemen|url=http://inthesetimes.com/features/us-saudi-arabia-yemen-war-arms-sales.html|access-date=June 20, 2020|website=inthesetimes.com|language=en|archive-date=June 18, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200618155635/https://inthesetimes.com/features/us-saudi-arabia-yemen-war-arms-sales.html|url-status=live}}{{cite news|last1=LaForgia|first1=Michael|last2=Bogdanich|first2=Walt |date=May 16, 2020|title=Why Bombs Made in America Have Been Killing Civilians in Yemen|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/05/16/us/arms-deals-raytheon-yemen.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200516091049/https://www.nytimes.com/2020/05/16/us/arms-deals-raytheon-yemen.html |archive-date=May 16, 2020 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live|access-date=June 21, 2020|issn=0362-4331}} During the [[2023 Israel–Hamas war]], demonstrations sought to block shipments of weapons for the [[Israel Defense Forces]] at Boeing facilities in [[St. Charles, Missouri]],{{Cite web |last1=Munoz |first1=Brian |last2=Goodwin |first2=Jeremy D. |date=November 7, 2023 |title=Protesters block Boeing plant in Missouri that produces weapons used in Israel-Hamas war |url=https://www.kcur.org/news/2023-11-07/protesters-block-boeing-plant-in-missouri-that-produces-weapons-used-in-israel-hamas-war |access-date=December 8, 2023 |website=KCUR – Kansas City news and NPR |language=en}} [[Tukwila, Washington]],{{Cite web |last=Hart |first=Daniel |date=November 14, 2023 |title=Hundreds Gather in Tacoma and Tukwila to Protest U.S. Weapons Bound for Israel |url=https://southseattleemerald.com/2023/11/14/hundreds-gather-in-tacoma-and-tukwila-to-protest-u-s-weapons-bound-for-israel/ |access-date=December 8, 2023 |website=South Seattle Emerald |language=en-US}} and [[Gresham, Oregon]].{{Cite web |last=Foster |first=Kevin |title=Protesters Picket Boeing Over Weapons Shipments to Israel |url=https://www.portlandmercury.com/news/2023/11/20/46874609/protesters-picket-boeing-over-weapons-shipments-to-israel |access-date=December 8, 2023 |website=Portland Mercury |language=en}} Students at [[Florida State University]],{{Cite web |last=Casale |first=Christian |date=November 10, 2023 |title=FSU students demonstrate for Palestine; demand trustees divest from Israel |url=https://floridaphoenix.com/2023/11/10/fsu-students-demonstrate-for-palestine-demand-trustees-divest-from-israel/ |access-date=December 8, 2023 |website=Florida Phoenix |language=en-US}} [[University of Washington]],{{Cite web |last=Harris |first=Jeremy |date=December 7, 2023 |title=UW police detain 36 pro-Palestine protesters engaging in sit-in |url=https://komonews.com/news/local/pro-palestinian-protesters-disrupt-hanukkah-menorah-lighting-ceremony-at-university-washington-uw-campus-gerberding-hall-united-front-for-palestine-israel-hamas-conflict-seattle |access-date=December 8, 2023 |website=KOMO |language=en}} [[Saint Louis University]], [[University of Missouri–St. Louis]], and [[Washington University in St. Louis]]{{Cite web |last=Davis |first=Chad |date=December 4, 2023 |title=St. Louis-area college student groups want universities to sever ties with Boeing |url=https://www.stlpr.org/education/2023-12-04/st-louis-area-college-student-groups-want-universities-to-sever-ties-with-boeing |access-date=December 8, 2023 |website=STLPR |language=en}} called for their institutions to break partnerships with Boeing. The company rushed 1 000 small diameter bombs for the first week of Israeli air attacks on Gaza that were shipped from a [[US Air Force]] base by [[Israeli Air Force]].{{Cite news |last=Capaccio |first=Anthony |date=October 10, 2023 |title=Boeing Sped 1,000 Smart Bombs to Israel After Hamas Attacks |language=en |work=Bloomberg.com |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2023-10-10/boeing-sped-1-000-smart-bombs-to-israel-after-the-hamas-attacks |access-date=December 8, 2023}} Research estimates that Boeing has made between $50 billion (45 mld. €) to $100 billion (90 mld. €) from weapon sales to Israel. == Financials == For the fiscal year 2017, Boeing reported earnings of {{US$}}8.191{{nbsp}}billion (€7,4B), with annual revenue of {{US$}}93.392{{nbsp}}billion (€84,09B), a 1.25% decline over the previous fiscal cycle. Boeing's shares traded at over $209 (€188.19) per share, and its market capitalization was valued at over {{US$}}206.6{{nbsp}}billion (€186B).{{cite web|url=https://www.macrotrends.net/stocks/charts/BA/boeing/revenue|title=Boeing Revenue 2006–2018 {{!}} BA|website=macrotrends.net|access-date=October 27, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181027185942/https://www.macrotrends.net/stocks/charts/BA/boeing/revenue|archive-date=October 27, 2018|url-status=live}} {| class="wikitable float-left" style="text-align: right;" ! scope="col" | Year ! scope="col" | {{br list | Revenue | in million US$}} ! scope="col" | {{br list | Net earnings/(loss) | in mil. US$}} ! scope="col" | {{br list | Price per Share | in US$}} ! scope="col" | Employees |- |2005 |53,621{{Cite web|title=Boeing 2005 Annual Report Download – page 1|url=https://www.annualreportowl.com/Boeing/2005/Annual%20Report?p=1|access-date=January 26, 2022|website=www.annualreportowl.com|archive-date=January 26, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220126195418/https://www.annualreportowl.com/Boeing/2005/Annual%20Report?p=1|url-status=live}} |2,572 |45.42 | |- |2006 |61,530{{Cite web|title=Boeing 2006 Annual Report Download|url=https://www.annualreportowl.com/Boeing/2006/Annual%20Report|access-date=January 26, 2022|website=www.annualreportowl.com|archive-date=January 26, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220126195417/https://www.annualreportowl.com/Boeing/2006/Annual%20Report|url-status=live}} |2,215 |59.20 | |- |2007 |66 387{{Cite web|title=Boeing 2007 Annual Report Download – page 2|url=https://www.annualreportowl.com/Boeing/2007/Annual%20Report?p=2|access-date=January 26, 2022|website=www.annualreportowl.com|archive-date=January 26, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220126195417/https://www.annualreportowl.com/Boeing/2007/Annual%20Report?p=2|url-status=live}} |4,074 |71.05 | |- |2008 |60,909 |2,672 |50.76 | |- |2009 |68,281{{cite web |url=http://s2.q4cdn.com/661678649/files/doc_financials/annual/2009/2009-annual_report.pdf |title=The Boeing Company 2009 Annual Report |access-date=March 19, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191013163559/https://s2.q4cdn.com/661678649/files/doc_financials/annual/2009/2009-annual_report.pdf |archive-date=October 13, 2019 |url-status=live}} |1 312 |35.73 | |- |2010 |64,306{{cite web |url=http://s2.q4cdn.com/661678649/files/doc_financials/annual/2010/2010_annual_report.pdf |title=The Boeing Company 2010 Annual Report |access-date=March 19, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191013163611/https://s2.q4cdn.com/661678649/files/doc_financials/annual/2010/2010_annual_report.pdf |archive-date=October 13, 2019 |url-status=live}} |3,298 |53.89 | |- |2011 |68,735{{cite web |url=http://s2.q4cdn.com/661678649/files/doc_financials/annual/2011/2011_annual_report.pdf |title=The Boeing Company 2011 Annual Report |access-date=March 19, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191013163601/https://s2.q4cdn.com/661678649/files/doc_financials/annual/2011/2011_annual_report.pdf |archive-date=October 13, 2019 |url-status=live}} |4,009 |58.20 | |- |2012 |81 698{{cite web |url=http://s2.q4cdn.com/661678649/files/doc_financials/annual/2012/2012_annual_report.pdf |title=The Boeing Company 2012 Annual Report |access-date=March 19, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191013163559/https://s2.q4cdn.com/661678649/files/doc_financials/annual/2012/2012_annual_report.pdf |archive-date=October 13, 2019 |url-status=live}} |3,900 |62.65 | |- |2013 |86 623{{cite web |url=http://s2.q4cdn.com/661678649/files/doc_financials/annual/2013/2013_annual_report.pdf |title=The Boeing Company 2013 Annual Report |access-date=March 19, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191103165939/http://s2.q4cdn.com/661678649/files/doc_financials/annual/2013/2013_annual_report.pdf |archive-date=November 3, 2019 |url-status=live}} |4,578 |90.39 |168,400 |- |2014 |90,762{{cite web |url=http://s2.q4cdn.com/661678649/files/doc_financials/annual/2014/The-Boeing-Company-2014-Annual-Report.pdf |title=The Boeing Company 2014 Annual Report |access-date=March 19, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191013163626/https://s2.q4cdn.com/661678649/files/doc_financials/annual/2014/The-Boeing-Company-2014-Annual-Report.pdf |archive-date=October 13, 2019 |url-status=live}} |5,440 |114.72 |165,500 |- |2015 |96,114{{cite web |url=http://s2.q4cdn.com/661678649/files/doc_financials/annual/2015/2015-Annual-Report.pdf |title=The Boeing Company 2015 Annual Report |access-date=March 19, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191013163614/https://s2.q4cdn.com/661678649/files/doc_financials/annual/2015/2015-Annual-Report.pdf |archive-date=October 13, 2019 |url-status=live}} |5,172 |131.43 |161,400 |- |2016 |94 571{{cite web |url=http://s2.q4cdn.com/661678649/files/doc_financials/annual/2016/2016-Annual-Report.pdf |title=The Boeing Company 2016 Annual Report |access-date=March 19, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181108193702/http://s2.q4cdn.com/661678649/files/doc_financials/annual/2016/2016-Annual-Report.pdf |archive-date=November 8, 2018 |url-status=live}} |4,892 |125.66 |150,500 |- |2017 |93,392{{cite web |url=http://s2.q4cdn.com/661678649/files/doc_financials/annual/2017/2017-Annual-Report.pdf |title=The Boeing Company 2017 Annual Report |access-date=March 19, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180815024655/http://s2.q4cdn.com/661678649/files/doc_financials/annual/2017/2017-Annual-Report.pdf |archive-date=August 15, 2018 |url-status=live}} |8,191 |209.85 |140,800 |- |2018 |101,127{{cite web|url=http://s2.q4cdn.com/661678649/files/doc_financials/annual/2019/Boeing-2018AR-Final.pdf|title=The Boeing Company 2018 Annual Report|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190415115127/http://s2.q4cdn.com/661678649/files/doc_financials/annual/2019/Boeing-2018AR-Final.pdf|archive-date=April 15, 2019|url-status=live}} |10,460 |319.05 |153,000 |- |2019 |76,559{{cite web|url=https://boeing.mediaroom.com/2020-01-29-Boeing-Reports-Fourth-Quarter-Results|title=Boeing Reports Fourth-Quarter Results|date=January 29, 2020|access-date=January 30, 2020|archive-date=January 31, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200131021641/https://boeing.mediaroom.com/2020-01-29-Boeing-Reports-Fourth-Quarter-Results|url-status=live}} |(636) |325.76 | |- |2020 |58,158{{cite web|title=Boeing Reports Fourth-Quarter Results|url=https://boeing.mediaroom.com/2021-01-27-Boeing-Reports-Fourth-Quarter-Results|access-date=January 27, 2021|website=MediaRoom|archive-date=January 27, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210127165323/https://boeing.mediaroom.com/2021-01-27-Boeing-Reports-Fourth-Quarter-Results|url-status=live}} |(11,941) |311.11{{cite news |last=Cameron|first=Doug|date=January 27, 2021|title=Boeing Reports Record Annual Loss|language=en-US|work=[[The Wall Street Journal]]|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/boeing-reports-record-annual-loss-11611753635|access-date=January 27, 2021|issn=0099-9660|archive-date=January 27, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210127142034/https://www.wsj.com/articles/boeing-reports-record-annual-loss-11611753635|url-status=live}} |141,014{{cite web |title=Boeing in Brief |url=https://www.boeing.com/company/general-info/ |website=Boeing |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220104094105/https://www.boeing.com/company/general-info/ |archive-date=January 4, 2022 |access-date=February 13, 2013}} |- |2021 |62,286{{cite web |title=Boeing Reports Fourth-Quarter Results |url=https://investors.boeing.com/investors/investor-news/press-release-details/2022/Boeing-Reports-Fourth-Quarter-Results/default.aspx |website=Boeing |date=January 26, 2022 |access-date=February 13, 2013 |archive-date=February 2, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220202114650/https://investors.boeing.com/investors/investor-news/press-release-details/2022/Boeing-Reports-Fourth-Quarter-Results/default.aspx |url-status=live}} |(4,290) | |- |2022 |66,608{{cite web |url=https://www.sec.gov/ix?doc=/Archives/edgar/data/12927/000001292723000007/ba-20221231.htm |title=The Boeing Co. 2022 Annual Report (Form 10-K) |date=January 27, 2023 |publisher=[[U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission]]}} |(5,053){{r|FY22}} | |156,000{{r|FY22}} |- |2023 |77,794{{r|FY23}} |(2,242){{r|FY23}} | |171,000{{r|FY23}} |} Between 2010 and 2018, Boeing increased its operating [[cash flow]] from $3 to $15.3{{nbsp}}billion (€2.7 to 13.78B), sustaining its [[Share (finance)|share]] price, by negotiating [[advance payment]]s from customers and delaying payments to its suppliers. This strategy is sustainable only as long as orders are good and delivery rates are increasing.{{cite news |url= https://www.seattletimes.com/business/boeing-aerospace/for-boeing-juggling-cash-flow-often-means-another-houdini-moment/ |title= For Boeing, juggling cash flow often means "another 'Houdini moment'" |date= February 8, 2019 |author= Dominic Gates |author-link=Dominic Gates |newspaper= The Seattle Times |access-date= February 15, 2019 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20190215160219/https://www.seattletimes.com/business/boeing-aerospace/for-boeing-juggling-cash-flow-often-means-another-houdini-moment/ |archive-date= February 15, 2019 |url-status= live}} From 2013 to 2019, Boeing spent over $60 billion (€54B) on dividends and [[Share repurchase|stock buybacks]], twice as much as the development costs of the 787.{{cite magazine|url=https://newrepublic.com/article/154944/boeing-737-max-investigation-indonesia-lion-air-ethiopian-airlines-managerial-revolution|title=Crash Course|last=Tkacik|first=Maureen |date=September 18, 2019|magazine=The New Republic|access-date=September 19, 2019|issn=0028-6583|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190919185120/https://newrepublic.com/article/154944/boeing-737-max-investigation-indonesia-lion-air-ethiopian-airlines-managerial-revolution|archive-date=September 19, 2019|url-status=live}} In 2020, Boeing's second quarter revenue was $11.8 billion (€10.6B) as a result of the pandemic slump. Due to higher sales in other divisions and an influx in deliveries of commercial jetliners in 2021, second quarter revenue increased by 44%, reaching nearly $17 billion (€15.3B).{{Cite web|last=Josephs|first=Leslie|date=July 28, 2021|title=Boeing posts surprise profit as aircraft demand rebounds from pandemic slump|url=https://www.cnbc.com/2021/07/28/boeing-ba-q2-2021-earnings.html|access-date=January 26, 2022|website=CNBC|language=en|archive-date=January 26, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220126203715/https://www.cnbc.com/2021/07/28/boeing-ba-q2-2021-earnings.html|url-status=live}} ==Employment numbers== The company's employment totals are listed below. {{col-begin|width=auto}} {{col-break}} {| class="wikitable sortable" |+ {{br list | Employment by group | (December 31, 2022){{cite web|url=http://www.boeing.com/company/general-info/#/employment-data|title=Boeing: The Boeing Company: General Information|website= boeing.com|access-date=February 19, 2016|archive-date=February 18, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160218224524/https://www.boeing.com/company/general-info/index.page#/employment-data}}}} |- ! scope="col" | Group ! scope="col" | Employees |- |[[Boeing Commercial Airplanes]] (BCA) |style="text-align: right;"|41 256 |- |[[Boeing Defense, Space & Security]] (BDS) |style="text-align: right;"|16 961 |- |Global Services |style="text-align: right;"|20 523 |- |Enterprise |style="text-align: right;"|77 614 |- |'''Total company''' |style="text-align: right;"|156 354 |} {{col-break}} {| class="wikitable sortable" |+ {{br list | Employment by location | (December 31, 2022)}} |- ! scope="col" | Location ! scope="col" | Employees |- |[[Alabama]] |style="text-align: right;"|3 287 |- |[[Arizona]] |style="text-align: right;"|4 778 |- |California |style="text-align: right;"|13 615 |- |[[Missouri]] |style="text-align: right;"|15 796 |- |[[Oklahoma]] |style="text-align: right;"|3 738 |- |[[Pennsylvania]] |style="text-align: right;"|4 429 |- |[[South Carolina]] |style="text-align: right;"|6 465 |- |[[Texas]] |style="text-align: right;"|6 719 |- |[[Washington (state)|Washington]] |style="text-align: right;"|60 244 |- |Other locations |style="text-align: right;"|37 283 |- |'''Total company''' |style="text-align: right;"|156 354 |} {{col-end}} Approximately 1.5% of Boeing employees are in the [[Boeing Technical Fellowship|Technical Fellowship]] program, a program through which Boeing's top engineers and scientists set technical direction for the company.{{cite web |url=http://www.boeing.com/news/frontiers/archive/2009/november/cover.pdf |title=Go To Gang Boeing Frontiers Magazine |access-date=May 21, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110629103058/http://www.boeing.com/news/frontiers/archive/2009/november/cover.pdf |archive-date=June 29, 2011 |url-status=live}} The average salary at Boeing is $76,784 (€69,136), reported by former employees.{{cite web |url=http://www.careerbliss.com/top-10-best-companies-for-u-s-veterans-5/boeing-10/ |title=Top 10 Best Companies for U.S. Veterans: Boeing |access-date=June 14, 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110530023115/http://www.careerbliss.com/top-10-best-companies-for-u-s-veterans-5/boeing-10/ |archive-date=May 30, 2011}} ==Corporate governance== In 2022, [[Rory Kennedy]] made a documentary film, ''[[Downfall: The Case Against Boeing]]'', streamed by [[Netflix]].{{Cite web |url=https://www.netflix.com/title/81272421 |title=DOWNFALL: The Case Against Boeing |date=2022 |publisher=[[Netflix]] |url-access=subscription}} She said about the 21st-century history of Boeing "There were many decades when Boeing did extraordinary things by focusing on excellence and safety and ingenuity. Those three virtues were seen as the key to profit. It could work, and beautifully. And then they were taken over by a group that decided Wall Street was the end-all, be-all."{{Cite news |title='All those agencies failed us': inside the terrifying downfall of Boeing |last=Bramesco |first=Charles |newspaper=The Guardian |date=February 22, 2022 |url=https://www.theguardian.com/film/2022/feb/22/downfall-the-case-against-boeing-netflix-documentary-737-max |access-date=January 8, 2024 |archive-date=February 22, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220222184523/https://www.theguardian.com/film/2022/feb/22/downfall-the-case-against-boeing-netflix-documentary-737-max |url-status=live}} On May 5, 2022, Boeing announced that it would be moving its headquarters from Chicago to Arlington, Virginia in the Washington, D.C. metropolitan area. Additionally, it plans to add a research and technology center in [[Northern Virginia]].{{cite press release |url=https://boeing.mediaroom.com/2022-05-05-Boeing-Names-Northern-Virginia-Office-Its-Global-Headquarters-Establishes-Research-Technology-Hub |title=Boeing Names Northern Virginia Office Its Global Headquarters; Establishes Research & Technology Hub |publisher=Boeing |date=May 5, 2022 |access-date=May 6, 2022 |archive-date=May 5, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220505235114/https://boeing.mediaroom.com/2022-05-05-Boeing-Names-Northern-Virginia-Office-Its-Global-Headquarters-Establishes-Research-Technology-Hub |url-status=live}} ===Board=== {{As of|2022}}, Boeing is headed by a President who also serves as the chief executive officer. The roles of chairman of the board and CEO were separated in October 2019.{{cite press release|title=Boeing Board of Directors Separates CEO and Chairman Roles|url=https://boeing.mediaroom.com/2019-10-11-Boeing-Board-of-Directors-Separates-CEO-and-Chairman-Roles|date=October 11, 2021|publisher=Boeing|access-date=October 11, 2019|archive-date=October 11, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191011223750/https://boeing.mediaroom.com/2019-10-11-Boeing-Board-of-Directors-Separates-CEO-and-Chairman-Roles|url-status=live}} {| class="wikitable" ! scope="col" colspan="2" |Chairman of the Board |- ! scope="col" | Name ! scope="col" | Background |- |[[Larry Kellner|'''Lawrence W. Kellner''']] |Former Chairman and CEO, [[Continental Airlines|Continental Airlines, Inc.]] |- ! scope="col" colspan="2" |Board of Directors |- ! scope="col" | Name ! scope="col" | Background |- |[[Robert A. Bradway]] |Chairman and CEO, [[Amgen, Inc.]] |- |'''[[David L. Calhoun]]''' |'''President and CEO, The Boeing Company''' |- |Lynne M. Doughttie |Former U.S. Chairman and CEO, [[KPMG]] |- |[[Admiral (United States)|ADM]] [[Edmund Giambastiani|Edmund P. Giambastiani Jr.]](retd) |Former Vice-chairman, [[Joint Chiefs of Staff|U.S. Joint Chiefs of Staff]] Former Supreme Allied Commander Transformation, [[NATO]] |- |[[Lynn Good|Lynn J. Good]] |Chairman, President and CEO, [[Duke Energy|Duke Energy Corporation]] |- |[[Lieutenant general (United States)|Lt Gen]] [[Stayce Harris|Stayce D. Harris]] (retd) |Former United Airlines Pilot Former Inspector General, U.S. Air Force |- |Akhil Johri |Former Executive Vice-president and CFO, [[United Technologies Corporation]] |- |David L. Joyce |Former President and CEO, [[GE Aviation]] Former Vice-chair, [[General Electric Company]] |- |Steven M. Mollenkopf |Former CEO, [[Qualcomm|Qualcomm Inc.]] |- |[[Admiral (United States)|ADM]] [[John M. Richardson (admiral)|John M. Richardson]] (retd) |Former [[Chief of Naval Operations]], [[United States Navy|U.S. Navy]] Former Director of the Naval Nuclear Propulsion Program, U.S. Navy |- |[[Ron Williams|Ronald A. Williams]] |Former Chairman, President and CEO, [[Aetna, Inc.]] |} ===Past leadership=== {| class="wikitable" ! scope="col" colspan="2" |Chief Executive Officer ! scope="col" colspan="2" |President ! scope="col" colspan="3" |Chairman |- | rowspan="3" |''N/A'' | rowspan="3" |''Position not created'' |''N/A'' |''Position not created'' | rowspan="6" |1916–1934 | rowspan="6" |[[William Boeing|William E. Boeing]] | style="padding:0" | |- |1922–1925 |[[Edgar Gott|Edgar N. Gott]]{{Cite web |url=http://www.boeing.com/history/boeing/gott.html |title=Boeing: History -- Biographies - Boeing: Edgar N. Gott |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080511191411/http://www.boeing.com/history/boeing/gott.html |archivedate=May 11, 2008 |publisher=Boeing}} | style="padding:0" | |- |1926–1933 |Philip G. Johnson | style="padding:0" | |- | rowspan="4" |1933–1939 | rowspan="4" |[[Claire Egtvedt|Clairmont L. Egtvedt]]{{Cite web |url=http://www.boeing.com/history/pioneers/clairmont-l-egtvedt.page |title=Boeing: Clairmont L. Egtvedt |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160820172833/http://www.boeing.com/history/pioneers/clairmont-l-egtvedt.page |archivedate=August 20, 2016 |publisher=Boeing}} | rowspan="4" |1933–1939 | rowspan="4" |Clairmont L. Egtvedt | style="padding:0" | |- | style="padding:0" | |- | style="padding:0" | |- | rowspan="5" |1934–1968 | rowspan="5" |Clairmont L. Egtvedt | style="padding:0" | |- | rowspan="2" |1939–1944 | rowspan="2" |[[Philip G. Johnson]] | rowspan="2" |1939–1944 | rowspan="2" |Philip G. Johnson | style="padding:0" | |- | style="padding:0" | |- |1944–1945 |Clairmont L. Egtvedt |1944–1945 |Clairmont L. Egtvedt | style="padding:0" | |- |1945–1968 |[[William McPherson Allen|William M. Allen]] |1945–1968 |William M. Allen | style="padding:0" | |- | rowspan="3" |1969–1986 | rowspan="3" |[[Thornton Wilson|Thornton A. Wilson]] |1968–1972 |Thornton A. Wilson |1968–1972 |William M. Allen | style="padding:0" | |- |1972–1985 |[[Malcolm T. Stamper]] | rowspan="2" |1972–1987 | rowspan="2" |Thornton A. Wilson | style="padding:0" | |- | rowspan="2" |1985–1996 | rowspan="2" |Frank Shrontz | style="padding:0" | |- |1986–1996 |[[Frank Shrontz]]{{Cite web |url=http://www.boeing.com/history/boeing/shrontz.html |title=Boeing: History -- Biographies - Boeing: Frank Shrontz |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20071103141007/http://www.boeing.com/history/boeing/shrontz.html |archivedate=November 3, 2007 |publisher=Boeing}} |1988–1996 |Frank Shrontz | style="padding:0" | |- | rowspan="2" |1996–2003 | rowspan="2" |[[Philip M. Condit]] |1996–1997 |Philip M. Condit | rowspan="2" |1997–2003 | rowspan="2" |Philip M. Condit | style="padding:0" | |- | rowspan="2" |1997–2005 | rowspan="2" |Harry C. Stonecipher | style="padding:0" | |- |2003–2005 |[[Harry Stonecipher|Harry C. Stonecipher]] | rowspan="2" |2003–2005 | rowspan="2" |[[Lewis E. Platt]] | style="padding:0" | |- |2005 |[[James A. Bell]] ''(acting)'' |2005 |James A. Bell ''(acting)'' | style="padding:0" | |- | rowspan="2" |2005–2015 | rowspan="2" |[[James McNerney]] |2005–2013 |James McNerney | rowspan="2" |2005–2016 | rowspan="2" |James McNerney | style="padding:0" | |- | rowspan="3" |2013–2019 | rowspan="3" |Dennis Muilenburg{{cite web|title=Executive Biography of Dennis A. Muilenburg|url=http://www.boeing.com/company/bios/dennis-a-muilenburg.page|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190513061959/http://www.boeing.com/company/bios/dennis-a-muilenburg.page|archive-date=May 13, 2019|access-date=June 24, 2015|publisher=Boeing}} | style="padding:0" | |- | rowspan="2" |2015–2019 | rowspan="2" |[[Dennis Muilenburg]]{{cite news |date=July 23, 2015|title=Boeing Promotes Dennis Muilenburg To Top Job|agency=[[Forbes]]|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/samanthasharf/2015/06/23/boeing-promotes-dennis-muilenburg-to-top-job/|url-status=live|access-date=August 24, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170729115716/https://www.forbes.com/sites/samanthasharf/2015/06/23/boeing-promotes-dennis-muilenburg-to-top-job/|archive-date=July 29, 2017}} |2016–2019 |Dennis Muilenburg | style="padding:0" | |- |2019 |David L. Calhoun | style="padding:0" | |- |2020–present |[[Dave Calhoun|David L. Calhoun]] |2020–present |David L. Calhoun |2019–present |Lawrence W. Kellner | style="padding:0" | |} ==See also== {{Portal|Companies|Aviation|Chicago}} * [[Boeing Everett Factory]] – main production facility for commercial widebody aircraft * [[Competition between Airbus and Boeing]] * [[CSeries dumping petition by Boeing]] * [[Future of Flight Aviation Center & Boeing Tour]] – Corporate public museum * [[United Aircraft Corporation]] * [[United States Air Force Plant 42]] ==References== {{Reflist|refs= {{cite book |url=https://archive.org/details/directoryofcorpo00jarr |title=Directory of Corporate Name Changes |last=Jarrell |first=Howard R. |year=1993 |isbn=0-8108-2761-1 |publisher=Scarecrow Press |pages=[https://archive.org/details/directoryofcorpo00jarr/page/43 43] |url-access=registration |via=Internet Archive}} }} ==Further reading== * Cloud, Dana L. ''We Are the Union: Democratic Unionism and Dissent at Boeing.'' Urbana, IL: University of Illinois Press, 2011. {{OCLC|816419078}} * Greider, William. ''One World, Ready or Not: The Manic Logic of Global Capitalism''. London: Penguin Press, 1998. {{OCLC|470412225}} * Reed, Polly. ''Capitalist Family Values: Gender, Work, and Corporate Culture at Boeing.'' Lincoln, NE: University of Nebraska Press, 2015. {{OCLC|931949091}} * Sell, Terry M. ''Wings of Power: Boeing and the Politics of Growth in the Northwest'' (U of Washington Press, 2015) {{ISBN|9780295996257}} ==External links== {{Commons category}} * {{Official website}} * {{Finance links |name= Boeing Co |symbol= BA |sec_cik= 12927 |yahoo= BA |google= BA}} * {{cite web |url= http://digitalcollections.lib.washington.edu/cdm/search/collection/reports/field/publis/searchterm/Boeing |title= Annual Reports Collection |date= 1948–1984 |publisher= University of Washington}} {{Boeing}} {{Navboxes |title= Articles related to Boeing |list1= {{Boeing model numbers}} {{Boeing airliners}} {{Boeing military aircraft}} {{Boeing rotorcraft}} {{Stearman}} {{Dow Jones Industrial Average companies}} {{Illinois Corporations}} {{Aviation in Illinois}} {{Satcomm}} }} {{Authority control}} [[Category:Boeing| ]] [[Category:1916 establishments in Washington (state)]] [[Category:American companies established in 1916]] [[Category:Collier Trophy recipients]] [[Category:Companies in the Dow Jones Industrial Average]] [[Category:Companies listed on the New York Stock Exchange]] [[Category:Defense companies of the United States]] [[Category:History of Seattle]] [[Category:Manufacturing companies established in 1916]] [[Category:Multinational companies headquartered in the United States]] [[Category:Space Act Agreement companies]] [[Category:Technology companies established in 1916]] [[Category:Vehicle manufacturing companies established in 1916]] [[Category:Wind turbine manufacturers]] [[Category:Organizations investigating aviation accidents and incidents]]