draft(en:sekirei):Replace japanese original pub ref refnames

[BK-2020-09.git] / en.wikipedia.org / Sweden_Solar_System / article.txt

{{Sweden Solar System}}
{{coord|59|17|36.80|N|18|04|59.65|E|region:SE_type:landmark|display=title}}

The '''Sweden Solar System''' is the world's largest permanent [[Solar System model|scale model of the Solar System]]. The [[Sun]] is represented by the [[Ericsson Globe]] in [[Stockholm]], the largest hemispherical building in the world. The inner planets can also be found in Stockholm but the outer planets are situated northward in other cities along the [[Baltic Sea]]. The system was started by Nils Brenning and [[Gösta Gahm]]<ref name=SSS-Bakgrund>{{cite web | url=http://ttt.astro.su.se/swesolsyst/bakgrund.html | title=Sweden Solar System: Bakgrund | language=Swedish | publisher=Sweden Solar System | accessdate=2009-09-15}}</ref> and is on the scale of 1:20 million.<ref name=SSS-English>{{cite web | url=http://ttt.astro.su.se/swesolsyst/englishsum.html | title=Sweden Solar System: English summary | publisher=Sweden Solar System | accessdate=2009-09-15}}</ref>

==The system==
[[File:Globen_Stockholm_February_2007.jpg|thumb|300px|right|The Ericsson Globe, representing the Sun in the Sweden Solar System]]The bodies represented in this model include the [[Sun]], the [[planet]]s (and some of their [[natural satellite|moons]]), [[dwarf planets]] and many types of small bodies ([[comet]]s, [[asteroid]]s, [[trans-Neptunian]]s, etc.), as well as some abstract concepts (like the [[Termination Shock]] zone). Because of the existence of many small bodies in the real [[Solar System]], the model can always be further increased.

The [[Sun]] is represented by the [[Ericsson Globe]] (Globen), [[Stockholm]], which is the largest hemispherical building in the world, 110&nbsp;m in diameter. To respect the scale, the globe represents the Sun including its [[solar corona|corona]].

===Inner planets===
* '''[[Mercury (planet)|Mercury]]''' (25&nbsp;cm in diameter) is placed at [[stadsmuseum|Stockholm City Museum]], 2,900&nbsp;m from the Globe. The small metallic sphere was built by the artist Peter Varhelyi.
* '''[[Venus]]''' (62&nbsp;cm in diameter) is placed at Vetenskapens Hus at [[Royal Institute of Technology|KTH]] (Royal Institute of Technology), 5,500&nbsp;m from the Globe. The previous model, made by the [[United States]] artist [[Daniel Oberti]], was inaugurated on 8 June 2004, during a [[Venus transit]] and placed at [[Royal Institute of Technology|KTH]]. It fell and shattered around 11 June 2011. Due to construction work at the location of the previous model of Venus it was removed and as of October 2012 cannot be seen. The current model now at Vetenskapens Hus was previously located at the Observatory Museum in Stockholm (now closed).
* '''[[Earth]]''' (65&nbsp;cm in diameter) is located at the [[Swedish Museum of Natural History]] ([[Cosmonova]]), 7,600&nbsp;m from the Globe. Satellite images of the Earth are exhibited beside the Globe. An elaborate model of [[Moon|the Moon]] (18&nbsp;cm in diameter) is on display in another part of the museum.
* '''[[Mars]]''' (35&nbsp;cm in diameter) is located at ''Mörby Centrum'', a shopping centre in [[Danderyd Municipality|Danderyd]], a suburb of Stockholm. It is 11.6&nbsp;km from the Globe. The model, made in [[copper]] by the [[Finnish people|Finnish]] artist [[Heikki Haapanen]], is connected by an "umbilical cord" to a steel plate on the floor having an Earth image.<ref>[http://www.danderyd.se/DanderydTemplates/Page____5486.aspx Danderyds Kommun: Mars]</ref> The globe also features marks that represent some typical Martian chemical elements.

===Gas giants===
* '''[[Jupiter]]''' (7.3&nbsp;m in diameter) is placed at the [[roundabout]] near ''Sky City'', in [[Stockholm Arlanda Airport]] in [[Sigtuna Municipality]], 40&nbsp;km from the Globe. It is made as a flower decoration, with different flowers representing different zones of the giant gas planet. There are plans to build a 3D model.
* '''[[Saturn]]''' (6.1&nbsp;m in diameter) is placed outside the old observatory of [[Anders Celsius]], in the so-called ''Celsius Square'', in the centre of [[Uppsala]], 73&nbsp;km from the Globe. Inaugurated during the [[International Year of Astronomy]],<ref name="Press release">[http://space.irfu.se/Pressmeddelande_Mattan.pdf Press release], linked 2009-06-08.</ref> the model is a mat with a picture of Saturn, but will eventually grow to crown a school planetarium in the city. In addition, several schools in Uppsala are to provide moons of Saturn: the first completed was [[Enceladus (moon)|Enceladus]] (diameter 2.5&nbsp;cm) at Kvarngärdesskolan.<ref>[http://www.popast.nu/2009/01/egna-manar-till-uppsalaskolor-hela-listan.html List] of moons of Saturn assigned to schools in Uppsala (in Swedish).</ref>
* '''[[Uranus]]''' (2.6&nbsp;m in diameter) was [[Vandalism|vandalized]] and the new model was reconstructed behind Stora magasinet in [[Lövstabruk]] in 2012. It is an outdoor model made of blue steel bars. The rotation axis of the planet is marked in red.<ref>http://www.arbetarbladet.se/uppland/tierp/uranus-landade-i-lovsta</ref>
* '''[[Neptune]]''' (2.5&nbsp;m in diameter) is located by the river Söderhamnsån in [[Söderhamn]], a coast town with tradition of [[fishing]] and [[sailing]] (which relates to [[Neptune (mythology)|Neptune]] being the deity of the seas). Placed 229&nbsp;km from the Globe, the model is made of acrylic and, at night, shines with a blue light.

===Trans-Neptunian objects===
[[File:Neptune_model_of_Sweden_solar_system.jpg|thumb|230px|2.5-m representation of Neptune, by the river Söderhamnsån in [[Söderhamn]]|left]]
* '''[[Pluto]]''' (12&nbsp;cm in diameter) and its largest moon '''[[Charon (moon)|Charon]]''' are placed near the southern of the [[Dellen]] lakes, in [[Delsbo]], 300&nbsp;km from the Globe. The lakes are thought to be formed by a [[meteorite]] impact 90&nbsp;million years ago. The two bodies' sculptures are supported by two gravelike pillars (as [[Pluto (mythology)|Pluto]] is the deity for [[death]]), made up with [[dellenite]], a rare mineral formed at that place by the meteorite impact.
* '''[[28978 Ixion|Ixion]]''' (6.5&nbsp;cm in diameter), a dwarf planet candidate, is located at [[Technichus]], a science center in [[Härnösand]], 360&nbsp;km from the Globe. The sculpture is an orb held by a hand with the arm. This [[plutino]] was discovered by a team which included scientists from [[Uppsala]].
* '''[[Eris (dwarf planet)|Eris]]''' (13&nbsp;cm in diameter) is located at ''Umestans Företagspark'', [[Umeå]], 510&nbsp;km from the Globe. Made by [[Theresa Berg]], the golden model is inspired by the mythical story of [[Eris (mythology)|Eris]] sparking a quarrel between three Greek goddesses with a golden apple bearing the inscription καλλίστῃ ("to the most beautiful one").
* '''[[90377 Sedna|Sedna]]''' (10&nbsp;cm in diameter), another dwarf planet candidate, is located at [[Teknikens Hus]], a science center in [[Luleå]], 912&nbsp;km from the Globe.

===Other bodies===
[[File:Sweden_Solar_System_-_Sedna_2.JPG|thumb|The dwarf planet Sedna|200px|right]]
* The [[near-Earth Object]]''' [[433 Eros|Eros]]''' is located at [[Mörbyskolan]], a school in [[Danderyd Municipality]] (where Mars is located), 11&nbsp;km from the Globe. It was created as a [[Valentine's Day]] project in [[gold]], modeled after [[Eros]], the god of love.  The dimensions are 2&nbsp;&times;&nbsp;0.7&nbsp;&times;&nbsp;0.7&nbsp;mm (0.98&nbsp;mm³).
* The [[asteroid]] '''[[36614 Saltis]]''' is located at [[Saltsjöbaden]]'s Kunskapsskola, a school near the [[Stockholm Observatory]]. The asteroid was discovered by A. Brandeker in 2000, using a telescope at the observatory, and the body was named after the observatory's location, Saltsjöbaden.
* The [[asteroid]] '''[[4 Vesta|Vesta]]''' is located at [[Åva gymnasium]], a public secondary school in [[Täby]].
* The asteroid '''[[Palomar-Leiden]]''' (0.2&nbsp;mm in diameter) is located in a park in [[Alsike, Sweden|Alsike]], [[Knivsta Municipality]], 60&nbsp;km from the Globe. It is not a sculpture but a dot on a map of the System, placed in front of [[Erik Ståhl]]'s monumental cosmic sculptures.
* '''[[Halley's Comet]]''' is located at [[Balthazar Science Center]], in [[Skövde]]. Inaugurated on 16 December 2009, there are actually four models of the comet: three placed outdoors, based on schoolchildren's drawings, plus one indoors, consisting of a laser passing through a block of glass.
* '''[[Comet Swift-Tuttle]]''' is placed at [[Kreativum]], a science center in [[Karlshamn]]. The comet's orbit is  closest to the Globe in inner [[Stockholm]] and farthest in Karlshamn, 390&nbsp;km away.
* '''[[Termination shock|The Termination Shock]]''' is at the edge of the [[heliosphere]]: it is the boundary where the [[solar wind]] transitions to subsonic velocity. No sculpture currently represents the termination shock, but a foundation for a future sculpture exists at the [[Institute of Space Physics (Sweden)|Institute of Space Physics]], 950&nbsp;km from the Globe, in [[Kiruna]], above the [[Arctic Circle]].

==List of objects==
{|class="wikitable"
|-
!Object
!Distance from [[Globen]]<ref name=SSS-Stationer>{{cite web | url=http://ttt.astro.su.se/swesolsyst/stationer.html | title=Sweden Solar System: Stationer | language=Swedish | publisher=Sweden Solar System | accessdate=15 September 2009}}</ref>
!Diameter<ref name=SSS-Stationer />
!Location<ref name=SSS-Stationer />
!Coordinates
!Inauguration date
|-
|'''[[Sun]]'''||0&nbsp;km||71&nbsp;m (233&nbsp;ft), the disk<br/>110&nbsp;m (361&nbsp;ft), incl. the corona||The [[Ericsson Globe]] in [[Stockholm]]|| {{coord|59|17|36.80|N|18|04|59.65|E|region:SE_type:landmark|display=inline}}||-
|-
|'''[[Mercury (planet)|Mercury]]'''||2.9&nbsp;km (1.8&nbsp;mi)||25&nbsp;cm (9.8&nbsp;in)||[[Stockholm City Museum]] in Stockholm||{{coord|59|19|11|N|18|04|16|E|region:SE_type:landmark|display=inline}}||1998
|-
|'''[[Venus]]'''||5.5&nbsp;km (3.4&nbsp;mi)||62&nbsp;cm (24.4&nbsp;in)||Vetenskapens Hus|| {{coord|59|21|10.38|N|18|03|30.78|E|region:SE_type:landmark|display=inline}}||8 June 2004
|-
|'''[[Earth]]''' and [[Moon]]||7.6&nbsp;km (4.7&nbsp;mi)||65&nbsp;cm (25.6&nbsp;in) and 18&nbsp;cm (7.1&nbsp;in)||[[Cosmonova|Cosmonova Riksmuseet]] in Stockholm|| {{coord|59|22|08.48|N|18|03|12.34|E|region:SE_type:landmark|display=inline}}||before 2000<ref name="psych.illinois.edu">{{cite web|url=http://www.psych.illinois.edu/~wbrewer/solarmodel.html |title=Tours of Model Solar Systems |publisher=Psych.illinois.edu |date= |accessdate=4 October 2013}}</ref>
|-
|[[433 Eros|(433) Eros]]||11&nbsp;km (6.8&nbsp;mi)||2.0&nbsp;mm × 0.7&nbsp;mm × 0.7&nbsp;mm||[[Mörbyskolan]], a school in [[Danderyd Municipality|Danderyd]]|| {{coord|59|23|38|N|18|02|41|E|region:SE_type:landmark|display=inline}}||
|-
|[[36614 Saltis|(36614) Saltis]]||11&nbsp;km (6.8&nbsp;mi)||< 1&nbsp;mm||''Kunskapsskolan'', a school in [[Saltsjöbaden]]|| {{coord|59|16|21|N|18|18|17|E|region:SE_type:landmark|display=inline}}||14 January 2010<ref>[http://www.nyteknik.se/nyheter/it_telekom/allmant/article705537.ece Ny Teknik: Saltis invigs i Saltis] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100623034707/http://www.nyteknik.se/nyheter/it_telekom/allmant/article705537.ece |date=23 June 2010 }}</ref>
|-
|'''[[Mars]]'''||11.6&nbsp;km (7.2&nbsp;mi)||35&nbsp;cm (13.8&nbsp;in)||[[Mörby Centrum]] in [[Danderyd Municipality|Danderyd]]|| {{coord|59|23|52.58|N|18|02|11.58|E|region:SE_type:landmark|display=inline}}||before 2000<ref name="psych.illinois.edu"/>
|-
|[[4 Vesta]]||16.4&nbsp;km (10.2&nbsp;mi)||2.6&nbsp;cm||[[Åva gymnasium]] in [[Täby]]|| {{coord|59|26|24|N|18|03|47.16|E|region:SE_type:landmark|display=inline}}||6 September 2017<ref>http://www2.taby.se/ava</ref>
|-
|'''[[Jupiter]]'''||40&nbsp;km (25&nbsp;mi)||7.3&nbsp;m (24&nbsp;ft)||[[Arlanda airport]] in [[Märsta]]|| {{coord|59|38|58.52|N|17|55|50.38|E|region:SE_type:landmark|display=inline}}||before 2000<ref name="psych.illinois.edu"/>
|-
|5025 Palomar-Leiden|(5025) Palomar-Leiden||60&nbsp;km (37&nbsp;mi)||0.2&nbsp;mm||in [[Alsike, Sweden|Alsike]]|| {{coord|59|45|25|N|17|45|57|E|region:SE_type:landmark|display=inline}}||
|-
|'''[[Saturn]]'''||73&nbsp;km (45&nbsp;mi)||6.1&nbsp;m (20&nbsp;ft)||[[Celsius square]] in [[Uppsala]]|| {{coord|59|51|34|N|17|38|14|E|region:SE_type:landmark|display=inline}}||13 June 2009<ref name="Press release"/>
|-
|'''[[Uranus]]'''||125&nbsp;km (77&nbsp;mi)||2.6&nbsp;m (8.5&nbsp;ft)||Stora magasinet in [[Lövstabruk]]||{{coord|60|24|31|N|17|52|37|E|region:SE_type:landmark|display=inline}}|| 13 October 2012<ref>http://www.unt.se/uppland/tierp/uranus-invigdes-i-lovstabruk-1904483.aspx</ref>
|-
|[[1P/Halley]] comet||204&nbsp;km (127&nbsp;mi)||||[[Balthazar Science Center]] in [[Skövde]]|| {{coord|58|23|14|N|13|51|11|E|region:SE_type:landmark|display=inline}}|| 16 December 2009<ref>{{cite web|url=http://ttt.astro.su.se/swesolsyst/halley_sss.html |title=Sweden Solar System: Halleys komet |publisher=Ttt.astro.su.se |date=16 December 2009 |accessdate=4 October 2013}}</ref>
|-
|'''[[Neptune]]'''||229&nbsp;km (142&nbsp;mi)||2.5&nbsp;m (8.2&nbsp;ft)||by the river ''Söderhamnsån'' in [[Söderhamn]]|| {{coord|61|18|07|N|17|03|19|E|region:SE_type:landmark|display=inline}}||29 October 1998<ref>[http://www.hjalm.org/Neptunus/index.htm Neptunus i Söderhamn]</ref>
|-
|'''[[Pluto]]''' and [[Charon (moon)|Charon]]||300&nbsp;km (186&nbsp;mi)||12&nbsp;cm (4.7&nbsp;in) and 6&nbsp;cm (2.4&nbsp;in)||by the lake [[Dellen|Dellen South]], in [[Delsbo]]|| {{coord|61|47|50.13|N|16|32|59.96|E|region:SE_type:landmark|display=inline}}||before 2000<ref name="psych.illinois.edu"/>
|-
|[[28978 Ixion|(28978) Ixion]]||360&nbsp;km (224&nbsp;mi)||6.5&nbsp;cm (2.6&nbsp;in)||[[Technichus]], a science center in [[Härnösand]]|| {{coord|62|37|49|N|17|56|12|E|region:SE_type:landmark|display=inline}}||18 April 2002<ref name=Ixion>{{cite web | url=http://www.technichus.se/system/visa.asp?HID=803&FID=782&HSID=13958 | title=Technichus' Exhibitions | publisher=Technichus home Page | access-date=10 May 2010 | url-status=dead | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100814020704/http://www.technichus.se/system/visa.asp?HID=803&FID=782&HSID=13958 | archive-date=14 August 2010 | df= }}</ref>
|-
|[[109P/Swift-Tuttle]] comet||390&nbsp;km (242&nbsp;mi)||||[[Kreativum]], a science center in [[Karlshamn]]|| {{coord|56|11|39|N|14|51|09|E|region:SE_type:landmark|display=inline}}||
|-
|[[Eris (dwarf planet)|(136199) Eris]]||510&nbsp;km (317&nbsp;mi)||13&nbsp;cm (5.1&nbsp;in)||''Företagspark'' in [[Umeå]]|| {{coord|63|50|05|N|20|15|37|E|region:SE_type:landmark|display=inline}}|| 6 December 2007<ref>[http://www.umea.se/4.2aeb902411d30c9e46080003810.html Umeå kommun: Umeå får en egen himlakropp] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110929011153/http://www.umea.se/4.2aeb902411d30c9e46080003810.html |date=29 September 2011 }}</ref>
|-
|[[90377 Sedna|(90377) Sedna]]||810&nbsp;km (503&nbsp;mi)||10&nbsp;cm (3.9&nbsp;in)||[[Teknikens Hus]], a science center in [[Luleå]]|| {{coord|65|36|59.50|N|22|08|06.00|E|region:SE_type:landmark|display=inline}}||8 December 2005<ref name=Sedna>{{cite web | url=http://www.kuriren.nu/arkiv/2005/11/17/Lokalt/1510647/Lule%C3%A5-%C3%A4r-Sedna.aspx | title=Luleå är Sedna. I alla fall om vår sol motsvaras av Globen i Stockholm. | publisher=Norrbotten Kuriren (in swedish) | access-date=10 May 2010 | url-status=dead | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100715074955/http://www.kuriren.nu/arkiv/2005/11/17/Lokalt/1510647/Lule%C3%A5-%C3%A4r-Sedna.aspx | archive-date=15 July 2010 | df= }}</ref>
|-
|[[Termination shock]]||950&nbsp;km (590&nbsp;mi)||A plate||[[Institute of Space Physics (Sweden)|Institute of Space Physics]] in [[Kiruna]]|| {{coord|67|50|27|N|20|24|34.5|E|region:SE_type:landmark|display=inline}}||
|}

==Gallery==
<gallery>
File:Stockholm Globe Arena.jpg|The [[Ericsson Globe]] represents the Sun. The rest of the Solar System is scattered in, and north of, Stockholm.
File:Sweden Solar System Mercury.jpg|Mercury in Stockholm
File:Swedish Solar System Venus.jpg|Venus in Stockholm
File:Sweden Solar System Earth.jpg|Earth in Stockholm
File:Mars model of Sweden solar system.jpg|Mars in Stockholm
File:Neptune model of Sweden solar system.jpg|Neptune in Söderhamn
File:Sculpture of asteroid Vesta.jpg|Asteroid Vesta in Täby
File:Sweden Solar System - Sedna 2.JPG|Sedna in Luleå
File:Entrance to Swedish Institute of Space Physics.JPG|The foundation for the sculpture of the Termination Shock in front of the [[Institute of Space Physics (Sweden)|Swedish Institute of Space Physics]] in Kiruna.
</gallery>

==See also==
* [[Somerset Space Walk]]
* [[Nine Views]]
* [[St Kilda Solar System Trail]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commons category|Sweden Solar System}}
* [http://www.swedensolarsystem.se/en Sweden Solar System's webpage]

[[Category:Scale modeling]]
[[Category:Space art]]
[[Category:Science and technology in Sweden]]
[[Category:Buildings and structures in Sweden]]
[[Category:Tourist attractions in Sweden]]
[[Category:Solar System models]]
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