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1{{For|the 15th-century poem by Alain Chartier|La Belle Dame sans Mercy}}
2
3[[File:John William Waterhouse - La Belle Dame sans Merci (1893).jpg|thumb|[[John William Waterhouse]] – ''La belle dame sans merci'', 1893]]
4[[File:Henry Meynell Rheam - La Belle Dame sans Merci.jpg|thumb|''La Belle Dame sans Merci'' by [[Henry Meynell Rheam]], 1901]]
5[[File:Arthur Hugues - La belle dame sans merci.jpg|thumb|[[Arthur Hughes (artist)|Arthur Hughes]] – ''La belle dame sans merci'']]
6[[File:Dicksee Frank, La Belle Dame Sans Mersi.jpg|thumb|[[Frank Dicksee]] – ''La belle dame sans merci'', c. 1901]]
7[[File:La Belle Dame sans Merci - Punch cartoon - Project Gutenberg eText 19105.png|thumb|''[[Punch (magazine)|Punch]]'' magazine cartoon, 1920]]
8
9"'''La Belle Dame sans Merci'''" ("The Beautiful Lady Without Mercy") is a [[ballad]] produced by the [[England|English]] poet [[John Keats]] in 1819. The title was derived from the title of a 15th-century poem by [[Alain Chartier]] called ''[[La Belle Dame sans Mercy]]''.<ref name="symons_2004_title" />
10
11Considered an English classic, the poem is an example of Keats' poetic preoccupation with love and death.<ref name="everest_2002_lovedeath" /> The poem is about a [[fairy]] who condemns a knight to an unpleasant fate after she seduces him with her eyes and singing. The fairy inspired several artists to paint images that became early examples of 19th-century ''[[femme fatale]]'' iconography.<ref name="cooper_1986_fatale" /> The poem continues to be referenced in many works of literature, music, art, and film.
12
13==Poem==
14The poem is simple in structure with twelve [[stanza]]s of four lines each in an ABCB [[rhyme scheme]]. Below is both the original and revised version of the poem.:<ref name="keats_1905_selincourt" /><ref name="Oxford_English_Verse" />
15
16{|
17|-
18! The original version, 1819 !! !! The revised version, 1820
19|-
20|
21O what can ail thee, knight-at-arms,<br />
22Alone and palely loitering?<br />
23The sedge has withered from the lake,<br />
24And no birds sing!<br />
25<br />
26O what can ail thee, knight-at-arms,<br />
27So haggard and so woe-begone?<br />
28The squirrel’s granary is full,<br />
29And the harvest’s done.<br />
30<br />
31I see a lily on thy brow,<br />
32With anguish moist and fever-dew,<br />
33And on thy cheeks a fading rose<br />
34Fast withereth too.<br />
35<br />
36I met a lady in the meads,<br />
37Full beautiful, a fairy’s child;<br />
38Her hair was long, her foot was light,<br />
39And her eyes were wild.<br />
40<br />
41I made a garland for her head,<br />
42And bracelets too, and fragrant zone;<br />
43She looked at me as she did love,<br />
44And made sweet moan.<br />
45<br />
46I set her on my pacing steed,<br />
47And nothing else saw all day long,<br />
48For sidelong would she bend, and sing<br />
49A faery’s song.<br />
50<br />
51She found me roots of relish sweet,<br />
52And honey wild, and manna-dew,<br />
53And sure in language strange she said—<br />
54‘I love thee true’.<br />
55<br />
56She took me to her Elfin grot,<br />
57And there she wept and sighed full sore,<br />
58And there I shut her wild, wild eyes<br />
59With kisses four.<br />
60<br />
61And there she lullèd me asleep,<br />
62And there I dreamed—Ah! woe betide!—<br />
63The latest dream I ever dreamt<br />
64On the cold hill side.<br />
65<br />
66I saw pale kings and princes too,<br/>
67Pale warriors, death-pale were they all;<br/>
68They cried—‘La Belle Dame sans Merci<br />
69Hath thee in thrall!’<br />
70<br />
71I saw their starved lips in the gloam,<br />
72With horrid warning gapèd wide,<br />
73And I awoke and found me here,<br />
74On the cold hill’s side.<br />
75<br />
76And this is why I sojourn here,<br />
77Alone and palely loitering,<br />
78Though the sedge is withered from the lake,<br />
79And no birds sing.
80 || ||
81O what can ail thee, wretched wight,<br />
82Alone and palely loitering?<br />
83The sedge is wither'd from the lake,<br />
84And no birds sing.<br />
85<br />
86Ah, what can ail thee, wretched wight,<br />
87So haggard and so woe-begone?<br />
88The squirrel’s granary is full,<br />
89And the harvest’s done.<br />
90<br />
91I see a lily on thy brow,<br />
92With anguish moist and fever-dew,<br />
93And on thy cheek a fading rose<br />
94Fast withereth too.<br />
95<br />
96I met a lady in the meads,<br />
97Full beautiful, a faery’s child;<br />
98Her hair was long, her foot was light,<br />
99And her eyes were wild.<br />
100<br />
101I set her on my pacing steed,<br />
102And nothing else saw all day long,<br />
103For sideways would she lean, and sing<br />
104A faery’s song.<br />
105<br />
106I made a garland for her head,<br />
107And bracelets too, and fragrant zone;<br />
108She look'd at me as she did love,<br />
109And made sweet moan.<br />
110<br />
111She found me roots of relish sweet,<br />
112And honey wild, and manna dew,<br />
113And sure in language strange she said.—<br />
114I love thee true.<br />
115<br />
116She took me to her elfin grot,<br />
117And there she gaz'd and sighed deep,<br />
118And there I shut her wild sad eyes<br />
119So kiss'd to sleep.<br />
120<br />
121And there we slumber'd on the moss,<br />
122And there I dream'd, ah woe betide!—<br />
123The latest dream I ever dream'd<br />
124On the cold hill side.<br />
125<br />
126I saw pale kings, and princes too,<br/>
127Pale warriors, death-pale were they all;<br/>
128Who cry'd—‘La Belle Dame sans Merci<br />
129Hath thee in thrall!’<br />
130<br />
131I saw their starv'd lips in the gloam,<br />
132With horrid warning gaped wide,<br />
133And I awoke, and found me here,<br />
134On the cold hill’s side.<br />
135<br />
136And this is why I sojourn here,<br />
137Alone and palely loitering,<br />
138Though the sedge is withered from the lake,<br />
139And no birds sing.
140
141|}
142
143==Inspiration==
144In 2019 literary scholars [[Richard Marggraf Turley]] and Jennifer Squire proposed that the ballad may have been inspired by the tomb effigy of [[Richard FitzAlan, 10th Earl of Arundel]] (d. 1376) in [[Chichester Cathedral]]. At the time of Keats' visit in 1819, the effigy stood mutilated and separated from that of Arundel's second wife, [[Eleanor of Lancaster]] (d. 1372), in the northern outer aisle. The figures were reunited and restored by Edward Richardson in 1843, and later inspired [[Philip Larkin]]'s 1956 poem "[[An Arundel Tomb]]".<ref>{{cite web |title=Old sketches, maps and gothic effigies unlock secrets of John Keats's famous poem 'La Belle Dame Sans Merci' |publisher=Aberystwyth University |date=16 May 2019 |url=https://www.aber.ac.uk/en/news/archive/2019/05/title-223178-en.html?bblinkid=160156052&bbemailid=13965598&bbejrid=1065862831 |accessdate=25 December 2019 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |first=Richard |last=Marggraf Turley |author-link=Richard Marggraf Turley |title=How a stone knight inspired two very different visions of love from John Keats and Philip Larkin |publisher=The Conversation |date=16 July 2019 |url=https://theconversation.com/how-a-stone-knight-inspired-two-very-different-visions-of-love-from-john-keats-and-philip-larkin-120377 |accessdate=25 December 2019 }}</ref>
145
146== In other media ==
147
148=== Visual depictions ===
149{{Commons category|La Belle Dame sans Merci}}
150"La Belle Dame sans Merci" was a popular subject for the [[Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood]]. It was depicted by [[Frank Dicksee]],<ref name="dicksee_1890_painting" /> [[Frank Cadogan Cowper]], [[John William Waterhouse]],<ref name="waterhouse_1893_painting" /> [[Arthur Hughes (artist)|Arthur Hughes]],<ref name="hughes_18xx_painting" /> [[Walter Crane]],<ref name="crane_1865_painting" /> and Henry Maynell Rheam.<ref name="rheam_1901_painting" /> It was also satirized in the 1&nbsp;December 1920 edition of ''[[Punch (magazine)|Punch]]'' magazine.<ref name="punch_1920_drawing" />
151
152=== Musical settings ===
153Around 1910, [[Charles Villiers Stanford]] produced a musical setting for the poem. It is a dramatic interpretation requiring a skilled (male) vocalist and equally skilled accompanist.<ref name="stanford_1910_score" /> In the 21st century it remains popular and is included on many anthologies of English song or British Art Music recorded by famous artists.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.hyperion-records.co.uk/tw.asp?w=W6062|title=La belle dame sans merci - Hyperion Records - CDs, MP3 and Lossless downloads|website=www.hyperion-records.co.uk|access-date=2019-04-08}}</ref>
154
155In 1935, [[Patrick Hadley]] wrote a version of the Stanford score for tenor, [[SATB|four-part chorus]], and orchestra.<ref name="hadley_1935_score" />
156
157A setting of the poem, in German translation, appears on the 2009 music album ''Buch der Balladen'' by [[Faun (band)|Faun]].<ref name="faun_2009_balladen" />
158
159A lyrical, mystical musical setting of this poem has been composed by [[Loreena McKennitt]], published in her 2018 CD ''Lost Souls''.<ref name="mckennitt_2018_lost" />
160
161=== Film ===
162The 1915 American film ''[[The Poet of the Peaks]]'' was based upon the poem.<ref name="reaves_1915_peaks" />
163
164The 2009 stop-action animated fantasy film ''[[Coraline]]'' directed by Henry Selick refers to the malevolent Other Mother as "beldam". The film includes a similar theme of entrapment by a seemingly beautiful loving woman.<ref name="selick_2009_coraline" />
165
166===Books ===
167The poem is mentioned in the story entitled "The case of Three Gables" from the 1893 book ''[[The Memoirs of Sherlock Holmes]]'' by Sir [[Arthur Conan Doyle]]. In it Holmes compares and matches the character sketch of Isadora Klein with La Belle Dame sans Merci.<ref name="doyle_1893_sherlock" />
168
169In Agatha Christie's 1936 mystery novel ''[[Murder in Mesopotamia]]'', the plot is centered upon an unusual woman named Louise Leidner who is described multiple times as "a kind of Belle Dame sin Merci". One character describes her as possessing a "calamitous magic that plays the devil with things".<ref name="christie_2003_mesopotamia-cd" /><ref name="christie_1936_mesopotamia" />
170
171[[Vladimir Nabokov]]'s books ''[[The Real Life of Sebastian Knight]]'' (1941), ''[[Lolita]]'' (1955) and ''[[Pale Fire]]'' (1962) allude to the poem.<!--books around 1950s, reference needed-->
172
173The last two lines of the first verse ("The sedge has withered from the lake/And no birds sing") were used as an epigraph for [[Rachel Carson]]'s book ''[[Silent Spring]]'' (1962), about the environmental damage caused by the irresponsible use of pesticides. The second line was repeated later in the book, as the title of a chapter about their specific effects on birds.<ref name="carson_2002_silentspring" />
174
175The last two lines of the 11th verse are used as the title of a science fiction short story, "And I awoke and found me here on the cold hill's side" (1973) by [[James Tiptree, Jr.]].<ref name="tiptree_1973" />
176
177[[Roger Zelazny]]'s ''Amber Chronicles'' refer to the poem in Chapter Five of ''The Courts of Chaos'' (1978) wherein the protagonist journeys to a land that resembles the poem.<ref name="zelazny_1978_chaos" />
178
179[[John Kennedy Toole]]'s novel ''[[A Confederacy of Dunces]]'' (1980) alludes to the poem in initially describing the main character's home.<ref name="toole_1980_dunces" />
180
181[[Farley Mowat]]'s 1980 memoir of his experiences in World War II is entitled ''And No Birds Sang''.<ref name="mowat_1979_birds" />
182
183''[[Pale Kings and Princes]]'', a 1987 [[Spenser (character)|Spenser]] novel by [[Robert B. Parker]], takes its title from the poem.
184
185The line is also featured in [[Philip Roth]]'s ''The Human Stain'' (2000) in reaction to Coleman describing his new, far younger love interest.<ref name="roth_2000_stain" />
186
187In Chapter 32 of [[Kristine Smith]]'s novel ''Law Of Survival'' (2001) the protagonist, Jani, reveals her true hybrid eyes to the general public for the first time, then she asks another character, Niall, what she looks like. Niall smiles and quotes a snippet of La Belle Dame sans Merci and gives Keats credit for his words.<ref name="smith_2001_survival" />
188
189The Beldam in Neil Gaiman's 2002 horror-fantasy novel ''[[Coraline]]'' references the mysterious woman who is also known as Belle Dame. Both share many similarities as both lure their protagonists into their lair by showing their love towards them and giving them treats to enjoy. The protagonists in both stories also encounter the ghosts who have previously met both women and warn the protagonist about their true colours and at the end of the story, the protagonist is stuck in their lair, with the exception of Coraline who managed to escape while the unnamed knight in this poem is still stuck in the mysterious fairy's lair.<ref name="gaiman_2002_coraline" />
190
191[[L. A. Meyer]]'s ''Bloody Jack'' series (2002-2014) features a take on La Belle Dame sans Merci, adapted to reflect the protagonists age. Mary "Jacky" Faber became known as "La belle jeune fille sans merci".<!-- reference needed-->
192
193In ''Hunting Ground'' (2009) by [[Patricia Briggs]], La Belle Dame sans Merci is identified as The Lady of the Lake and is a hidden antagonist.<ref name="briggs_2009_hunting" />
194
195[[David Foster Wallace]]'s 2011 novel ''[[The Pale King]]'' alludes to the poem in its title.<ref name="wallace_2011_king" />
196
197[[Cassandra Clare]]'s 2016 collection of novellas ''[[Tales From the Shadowhunter Academy]]'' includes a novella titled Pale Kings and Princes, named after the line "I saw pale kings and princes too/Pale warriors, death-pale were they all". Three of the poem's stanzas are also excerpted in the story.<ref name="clare_2016_shadowhunter" />
198
199The last two lines of the first verse ("The sedge has withered from the lake/And no birds sing") are used in the text of the 2019 Nebula award-winning science fiction story "This Is How You Lose The Time War" by Amal El-Mohtar and Max Gladstone (2019)<ref>"This Is How You Lose The Time War" by Amal El-Mohtar and Max Gladstone (Saga books, 2019)</ref>
200
201===Television===
202{{Expand section | date = November 2018}}
203
204''[[Rosemary & Thyme]]'' - Season 1, Episode 1<ref name="rosemary_20030831" />
205
206[[Californication (TV series)|''Californication'']] - Season 1, Episode 5<ref name="californ_20070910" />
207
208''[[Downton Abbey]]'' - Season 6, Episode 5<ref name="abbey_20151018" />
209
210''[[Victoria (UK TV series)|Victoria]]'' - Season 2, Episode 3<ref name="victoria_20170910" />
211
212===Other===
213In a March 2017 interview with ''[[The Quietus]]'' the English songwriter and musician [[John Lydon]] cited the poem as a favourite.<ref name="quietus_20170321_interview-fb" />
214
215In the popular trading card game, ''Magic the Gathering'', the card 'Merieke Ri Berit' is modeled after this poem.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Merieke Ri Berit|url=https://mtg.gamepedia.com/Merieke_Ri_Berit|access-date=2020-06-12|website=MTG Wiki|language=en}}</ref>
216
217==References==
218{{Reflist|refs=
219
220<ref name="symons_2004_title">{{cite web
221 |url = http://www.lib.rochester.edu/camelot/teams/sym4int.htm
222 |title = La Belle Dame sans Mercy – Introduction
223 |author = Dana M. Symons
224 |year = 2004
225 |work = Chaucerian Dream Visions and Complaints
226 |publisher = Medieval Institute Publications
227 |access-date = 2018-11-30
228 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20180627144305/http://d.lib.rochester.edu/teams/text/symons-chaucerian-dream-visions-and-complaints-la-belle-dame-sans-mercy-introduction
229 |archive-date = 2018-06-27
230 |url-status = dead
231}}</ref>
232
233<ref name="everest_2002_lovedeath">{{cite book
234| last = Everest
235| first = Kelvin
236| author2 = British Council
237| author2-link = British Council
238| date = 2002
239| title = John Keats
240| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=9vZaAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA86
241| publisher = Northcote House
242| isbn = 9780746308073
243| oclc = 50526132
244| page = 86
245}}</ref>
246
247<ref name="quietus_20170321_interview-fb">{{cite AV media
248| url = https://www.facebook.com/TheQuietus/videos/1341715772538876/
249| title = The Quietus - John Lydon Official interview LIVE
250| date = 2017-03-21
251| publisher = Facebook
252| language = en
253| access-date = 2018-11-30
254}}</ref>
255
256<ref name="tiptree_1973">{{cite book
257| title = Ten thousand light-years from home
258| url = https://archive.org/details/tenthousandlight00tipt
259| url-access = registration
260| chapter = And I Awoke and Found Me Here on the Cold Hill's Side
261| last = Tiptree
262| first = James Jr.
263| date = 1973
264| publisher = [[Ace Books]]
265| location = New York
266| oclc = 50687237
267}}</ref>
268
269<ref name="carson_2002_silentspring">{{cite book
270| title = [[Silent Spring]]
271| last = Carson
272| first = Rachel
273| date = 2002
274| publisher = [[Houghton Mifflin]]
275| location = Cambridge, Massachusetts
276| author-link = Rachel Carson
277| oclc = 806409808
278| isbn = 9780618249060 <!--Replace with ref to earlier version (ex:1962) if quote presence confirmed.-->
279}}</ref>
280
281<ref name="roth_2000_stain">{{cite book
282| title = [[The Human Stain]]
283| last = Roth
284| first = Philip
285| date = 2000
286| publisher = [[Houghton Mifflin]]
287| author-link = Philip Roth
288| oclc = 930877308
289| page = 27
290}}</ref>
291
292<ref name="gaiman_2002_coraline">{{cite book
293| title = Coraline
294| last = Gaiman
295| first = Neil
296| date = 2002
297| location = London
298| publisher = [[Bloomsbury Publishing]]
299| author-link = Neil Gaiman
300| oclc = 441090183
301| isbn = 9780747558781
302}}</ref>
303
304<ref name="clare_2016_shadowhunter">{{cite book
305| title = [[Tales From the Shadowhunter Academy]]
306| last = Clare
307| first = Cassandra
308| date = 2016
309| location = London
310| publisher = [[Walker Books]]
311| oclc = 1028442554
312| isbn = 9781406362848
313}}</ref>
314
315<ref name="briggs_2009_hunting">{{cite book |title = Hunting Ground
316 |last = Briggs
317 |first = Patricia
318 |date = 2009
319 |location = New York
320 |publisher = Berkley Pub. Group
321 |oclc = 865278362
322 |isbn = 9780441017386
323 |author-link = Patricia Briggs
324 |url-access = registration
325 |url = https://archive.org/details/huntingground00brig
326}}</ref>
327
328<ref name="wallace_2011_king">{{cite book
329| title = [[The Pale King]]
330| last = Wallace
331| first = David Foster
332| date = 2011
333| location = London
334| publisher = Hamish Hamilton
335| oclc = 729687079
336| isbn = 9780241144800
337| author-link = David Foster Wallace
338}}</ref>
339
340<ref name="doyle_1893_sherlock">{{cite book
341| title = [[The Memoirs of Sherlock Holmes]]
342| last = Doyle
343| first = Arthur Conan
344| date = 1893
345| author-link = Arthur Conan Doyle
346}}</ref>
347
348<ref name="mowat_1979_birds">{{cite book
349| title = And No Birds Sang
350| last = Mowat
351| first = Farley
352| date = 1979
353| location = London
354| publisher = Cassell
355| oclc = 16557956
356| isbn = 9780304307470
357| author-link = Farley Mowat
358}}</ref>
359
360<ref name="zelazny_1978_chaos">{{cite book
361| title = Chronicles of Amber. Volume II
362| chapter = Chapter 5, The Courts of Chaos
363| last = Zelazny
364| first = Roger
365| date = 1978
366| location = Garden City, New York
367| publisher = Nelson Doubleday Pub.
368| oclc = 316235986
369| author-link = Roger Zelazny
370}}</ref>
371
372<ref name="toole_1980_dunces">{{cite book
373| title = [[A Confederacy of Dunces]]
374| last = Toole
375| first = John Kennedy
376| date = 1980
377| location = Baton Rouge
378| publisher = Louisiana State University Press
379| oclc = 318457173
380| isbn = 9780807106570
381| author-link = John Kennedy Toole
382}}</ref>
383
384<ref name="smith_2001_survival">{{cite book
385| title = Law of Survival
386| url = https://archive.org/details/lawofsurvival0000smit
387| url-access = registration
388| chapter = 32
389| last = Smith
390| first = Kristine
391| date = 2001
392| location = New York, NY
393| publisher = Eos Books
394| oclc = 48105904
395| isbn = 9780380807857
396| author-link = Kristine Smith
397}}</ref>
398
399<ref name="reaves_1915_peaks">{{cite AV media
400| people = Eason, Reaves (Director)
401| date = 1915-04-12
402| title = The Poet of the Peaks
403| medium = motion picture
404| language = English
405| time = <!-- Insert relevant hh:mm time in movie referencing poem.-->
406| location = USA
407| publisher = Mutual Film
408| oclc =<!-- None found-->
409}}</ref>
410
411<ref name="selick_2009_coraline">{{cite AV media
412| people = Henry Selick (Director)
413| date = 2009
414| title = Coraline
415| medium = motion picture
416| language = English
417| location = USA
418| publisher = Focus Features
419| oclc = 895036872
420}}</ref>
421
422<ref name="mckennitt_2018_lost">{{cite AV media
423| people = McKennitt, Loreena (Artist)
424| date = 2018
425| title = Lost Souls
426| medium = audio compact disc
427| location = New York, NY
428| publisher = Universal Music Enterprises
429| oclc = 1048033767
430}}</ref>
431
432<ref name="faun_2009_balladen">{{cite AV media
433| people = Faun (Album)
434| date = 2009
435| title = Buch Der Balladen
436| trans-title = Book of Ballads
437| medium = audio compact disc
438| oclc = 1010338374
439| asin = B00CV9225E
440| at = track 10 "Belle Dame Sana Merci"
441}}</ref>
442
443<ref name="stanford_1910_score">{{cite AV media
444| people = Stanford, Charles Villiers (music), Keats, John (words)
445| date = 1910 <!-- Note: This is an approximate year.-->
446| title = La belle dame sans merci : ballad (For voice and piano)
447| medium = musical score
448| location = London
449| publisher = Augener & Co.
450| oclc = 433495401
451}}</ref>
452
453<ref name="hadley_1935_score">{{cite AV media
454| people = Hadley, Patrick (music), Keats, John (words)
455| date = 1935
456| title = La belle dame sans merci
457| medium = printed musical score
458| location = London
459| publisher = Curwen
460| oclc = 24862985
461}}</ref>
462
463<ref name="californ_20070910">{{Cite episode
464 | title = LOL
465 | episode-link = List_of_Californication_episodes#Season_1_(2007)
466 | series = Californication
467 | series-link = Californication (TV series)
468 | first = Tom
469 | last = Kampinos
470 | network = Showtime
471 | date = 2007-09-10
472 | season = 1
473 | number = 5
474 | language = English
475 | oclc = 941908978
476}}</ref>
477
478<ref name="rosemary_20030831">{{Cite episode
479 | title = And No Birds Sing
480 | episode-link = Rosemary_%26_Thyme#Series_1_(2003)
481 | series = Rosemary & Thyme
482 | series-link = Rosemary & Thyme
483 | first1 = Brian
484 | last1 = Eastman
485 | first2 = Clive
486 | last2 = Exton
487 | network = ITV
488 | date = 2003-08-31
489 | season = 1
490 | number = 1
491 | language = English
492 | oclc = 1040647468
493}}</ref>
494
495<ref name="abbey_20151018">{{Cite episode
496 | title = Episode 5
497 | episode-link = List_of_Downton_Abbey_episodes#Series_6_(2015)
498 | series = Downton Abbey
499 | series-link = Downton Abbey
500 | first = Fellowes
501 | last = Julian
502 | network = ITV
503 | date = 2015-10-18
504 | season = 6
505 | number = 5
506 | language = English
507 | oclc = 932137942
508}}</ref>
509
510<ref name="victoria_20170910">{{Cite episode
511 | title = Warp and Weft
512 | episode-link = Victoria_(UK_TV_series)#Series_2_(2017)
513 | series = Victoria
514 | series-link = Victoria (UK TV series)
515 | first = Sax
516 | last = Geoffrey
517 | network = ITV
518 | date = 2017-09-10
519 | season = 2
520 | number = 3
521 | language = English
522 | oclc = 1026276682
523}}</ref>
524
525<ref name="keats_1905_selincourt">{{cite book
526| title = The Poems of John Keats
527| url = https://archive.org/details/poemsofjohnkeats00keat
528| last = Keats
529| first = John
530| author-link = John Keats
531| editor-last = Sélincourt
532| editor-first = Ernest De
533| editor-link = Ernest de Sélincourt
534| date = 1905
535| location = New York
536| publisher = Dodd, Mead & Company
537| pages = [https://archive.org/details/poemsofjohnkeats00keat/page/244 244]-247
538| oclc = 11128824
539}}</ref>
540
541<ref name=" Oxford_English_Verse">{{cite book
542| title = Oxford Book of English Verse 1250-1900
543| url = https://www.bartleby.com/101/633.html
544| last = Keats
545| first = John
546| author-link = John Keats
547| editor-last = Quiller-Couch
548| editor-first = Sir Arthur Thomas
549| editor-link = Sir Arthur Thomas Quiller-Couch
550| date = 1919
551| location = Oxford
552| publisher = Clarendon Press
553| pages = https://www.bartleby.com/101/633.html
554| oclc = 1171806391
555}}</ref>
556
557<ref name="crane_1865_painting">{{Citation
558| last = Crane
559| first = Walter T.
560| year = 1865
561| title = Le belle Dame Sans Merci
562| publisher = Wikimedia Commons, the free media repository
563| url = https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Walter_T._Crane_-_La_belle_Dame_Sans_Merci_(1865).jpg&oldid=290464764
564| access-date = 2018-11-30
565}}</ref>
566
567<ref name="waterhouse_1893_painting">{{Citation
568| last = Waterhouse
569| first = John William
570| year = 1893
571| title = La Belle Dame Sans Merci
572| publisher = Wikimedia Commons, the free media repository
573| url = https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:La_Belle_Dame_Sans_Merci,_by_John_William_Waterhouse,_1893,_oil_on_canvas_-_Hessisches_Landesmuseum_Darmstadt_-_Darmstadt,_Germany_-_DSC01228.jpg&oldid=260668475
574| access-date = 2018-11-30
575}}</ref>
576
577<ref name="dicksee_1890_painting">{{Citation
578| last = Frank
579| first = Dicksee
580| year = 1890
581| title = La Belle Dame Sans Merci
582| publisher = Wikimedia Commons, the free media repository
583| url = https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Redgirl_and_knight02.jpg&oldid=309188121
584| access-date = 2018-11-30
585}}</ref>
586
587<ref name="rheam_1901_painting">{{Citation
588| last = Rheam
589| first = Henry Meynell
590| year = 1901
591| title = La Belle Dame sans Merci
592| publisher = Wikimedia Commons, the free media repository
593| url = https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Henry_Meynell_Rheam_-_La_Belle_Dame_sans_Merci.jpg&oldid=119268210
594| access-date = 2018-11-30
595}}</ref>
596
597<ref name="hughes_18xx_painting">{{Citation
598| last = Hugues
599| first = Arthur
600| author-link = Arthur Hughes (artist)
601| year = <!-- Difficult to pin down.-->
602| title = La Belle Dame Sans Merci
603| publisher = Wikimedia Commons, the free media repository
604| url = https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Arthur_Hugues_-_La_belle_dame_sans_merci.jpg&oldid=132350511
605| access-date = 2018-11-30
606}}</ref>
607
608<ref name="punch_1920_drawing">{{Citation
609| author =
610| first =
611| date = 1920-12-01
612| title = LA BELLE DAME SANS MERCI
613| publisher = [[Punch (magazine)|Punch]]
614| url = https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:La_Belle_Dame_sans_Merci_-_Punch_cartoon_-_Project_Gutenberg_eText_19105.png&oldid=241841701
615| access-date = 2018-11-30
616}}</ref>
617
618<ref name="cooper_1986_fatale">{{cite journal
619| last = Cooper
620| first = Robyn
621| date = 1986
622| editor-last1 = Dean
623| editor-first1 = Sonia
624| editor-last2 = Ryan
625| editor-first2 = Judith
626| title = Arthur Hughes's La Belle Dame sans merci and the femme fatale
627| url = https://www.ngv.vic.gov.au/essay/arthur-hughess-la-belle-dame-sans-merci-and-the-femme-fatale/
628| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170526185635/https://www.ngv.vic.gov.au/essay/arthur-hughess-la-belle-dame-sans-merci-and-the-femme-fatale/
629| url-status = live
630| journal = Art Bulletin of Victoria
631| volume = 27
632| issn = 0066-7935
633| publisher = Council of Trustees of the National Gallery of Victoria
634| oclc = 888714380
635| archive-date = 2017-05-26
636| access-date = 2018-11-30
637}}</ref>
638
639<ref name="christie_2003_mesopotamia-cd">{{cite AV media
640| people = Christie, Agatha (author); Bakewell, Michael
641| date = 2003
642| title = [[Murder in Mesopotamia]] : A BBC Radio 4 full-cast dramatisation
643| medium = audio compact disc
644| language = English
645| time = 01:16:55 <!--See also 00:20:03-->
646| location = Bath
647| publisher = BBC Audiobooks
648| isbn = 9780563494232
649| oclc = 938615128
650| quote = POIROT:But Louise Leidner was no ordinary woman. DR REILLY:She certainly was not. She'd got that sort of... calamitous magic that plays the devil with things. Kind of a Belle Dame sans Merci.
651| author-link = Agatha Christie
652}}</ref>
653
654<ref name="christie_1936_mesopotamia">{{cite book
655| title = Murder in Mesopotamia
656| last = Christie
657| first = Agatha
658| date = 1936
659| chapter = Chapter 19. A New Suspicion
660| location = London
661| publisher = Published for the Crime club by Collins
662| oclc = 938286864
663| author-link = Agatha Christie
664| quote = But Mrs. Leidner was something out of the ordinary in that line. She'd got just that sort of calamitous magic that plays the deuce with things - a kind of Belle Dame sans Merci.
665}}</ref>
666
667}}
668
669== External links ==
670{{Wikisource|La Belle Dame sans Merci}}
671
672{{John Keats}}
673
674{{DEFAULTSORT:Belle Dame Sans Merci, La}}
675[[Category:1819 poems]]
676[[Category:Gothic fiction]]
677[[Category:Poetry by John Keats]]
678[[Category:Witchcraft in written fiction]]