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04f366a6 1{{For|the 15th-century poem by Alain Chartier|La Belle Dame sans Mercy}}
f4d321de 2{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2022}}
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4[[File:John William Waterhouse - La Belle Dame sans Merci (1893).jpg|thumb|[[John William Waterhouse]] – ''La belle dame sans merci'', 1893]]
5[[File:Henry Meynell Rheam - La Belle Dame sans Merci.jpg|thumb|''La Belle Dame sans Merci'' by [[Henry Meynell Rheam]], 1901]]
6[[File:Arthur Hugues - La belle dame sans merci.jpg|thumb|[[Arthur Hughes (artist)|Arthur Hughes]] – ''La belle dame sans merci'']]
f4d321de 7[[File:Dicksee Frank, La Belle Dame Sans Merci.jpg|thumb|[[Frank Dicksee]] – ''La belle dame sans merci'', c. 1901]]
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8[[File:La Belle Dame sans Merci - Punch cartoon - Project Gutenberg eText 19105.png|thumb|''[[Punch (magazine)|Punch]]'' magazine cartoon, 1920]]
9
10"'''La Belle Dame sans Merci'''" ("The Beautiful Lady Without Mercy") is a [[ballad]] produced by the [[England|English]] poet [[John Keats]] in 1819. The title was derived from the title of a 15th-century poem by [[Alain Chartier]] called ''[[La Belle Dame sans Mercy]]''.<ref name="symons_2004_title" />
11
12Considered an English classic, the poem is an example of Keats' poetic preoccupation with love and death.<ref name="everest_2002_lovedeath" /> The poem is about a [[fairy]] who condemns a knight to an unpleasant fate after she seduces him with her eyes and singing. The fairy inspired several artists to paint images that became early examples of 19th-century ''[[femme fatale]]'' iconography.<ref name="cooper_1986_fatale" /> The poem continues to be referenced in many works of literature, music, art, and film.
13
14==Poem==
d7088674 15The poem is simple in structure with twelve [[stanza]]s of four lines each in an ABCB [[rhyme scheme]]. Below are both the original and revised version of the poem:<ref name="keats_1905_selincourt" /><ref name="quiller_1927_keats" />
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16
17{|
18|-
19! The original version, 1819 !! !! The revised version, 1820
20|-
21|
22O what can ail thee, knight-at-arms,<br />
23Alone and palely loitering?<br />
24The sedge has withered from the lake,<br />
25And no birds sing!<br />
26<br />
27O what can ail thee, knight-at-arms,<br />
28So haggard and so woe-begone?<br />
29The squirrel’s granary is full,<br />
30And the harvest’s done.<br />
31<br />
32I see a lily on thy brow,<br />
33With anguish moist and fever-dew,<br />
34And on thy cheeks a fading rose<br />
35Fast withereth too.<br />
36<br />
37I met a lady in the meads,<br />
f4d321de 38Full beautiful, a fairy's child;<br />
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39Her hair was long, her foot was light,<br />
40And her eyes were wild.<br />
41<br />
42I made a garland for her head,<br />
43And bracelets too, and fragrant zone;<br />
44She looked at me as she did love,<br />
45And made sweet moan.<br />
46<br />
47I set her on my pacing steed,<br />
48And nothing else saw all day long,<br />
49For sidelong would she bend, and sing<br />
f4d321de 50A faery's song.<br />
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51<br />
52She found me roots of relish sweet,<br />
53And honey wild, and manna-dew,<br />
54And sure in language strange she said—<br />
f4d321de 55'I love thee true'.<br />
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56<br />
57She took me to her Elfin grot,<br />
58And there she wept and sighed full sore,<br />
59And there I shut her wild, wild eyes<br />
60With kisses four.<br />
61<br />
62And there she lullèd me asleep,<br />
63And there I dreamed—Ah! woe betide!—<br />
64The latest dream I ever dreamt<br />
65On the cold hill side.<br />
66<br />
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67I saw pale kings and princes too,<br />
68Pale warriors, death-pale were they all;<br />
69They cried—'La Belle Dame sans Merci<br />
70Hath thee in thrall!'<br />
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71<br />
72I saw their starved lips in the gloam,<br />
73With horrid warning gapèd wide,<br />
74And I awoke and found me here,<br />
f4d321de 75On the cold hill's side.<br />
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76<br />
77And this is why I sojourn here,<br />
78Alone and palely loitering,<br />
79Though the sedge is withered from the lake,<br />
80And no birds sing.
81 || ||
f4d321de 82Ah, what can ail thee, wretched wight,<br />
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83Alone and palely loitering?<br />
84The sedge is wither'd from the lake,<br />
85And no birds sing.<br />
86<br />
87Ah, what can ail thee, wretched wight,<br />
88So haggard and so woe-begone?<br />
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89The squirrel's granary is full,<br />
90And the harvest's done.<br />
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91<br />
92I see a lily on thy brow,<br />
93With anguish moist and fever-dew,<br />
94And on thy cheek a fading rose<br />
95Fast withereth too.<br />
96<br />
97I met a lady in the meads,<br />
f4d321de 98Full beautiful, a faery's child;<br />
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99Her hair was long, her foot was light,<br />
100And her eyes were wild.<br />
101<br />
102I set her on my pacing steed,<br />
103And nothing else saw all day long,<br />
104For sideways would she lean, and sing<br />
105A faery’s song.<br />
106<br />
107I made a garland for her head,<br />
108And bracelets too, and fragrant zone;<br />
109She look'd at me as she did love,<br />
110And made sweet moan.<br />
111<br />
112She found me roots of relish sweet,<br />
113And honey wild, and manna dew,<br />
114And sure in language strange she said.—<br />
115I love thee true.<br />
116<br />
117She took me to her elfin grot,<br />
118And there she gaz'd and sighed deep,<br />
119And there I shut her wild sad eyes<br />
120So kiss'd to sleep.<br />
121<br />
122And there we slumber'd on the moss,<br />
123And there I dream'd, ah woe betide!—<br />
124The latest dream I ever dream'd<br />
125On the cold hill side.<br />
126<br />
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127I saw pale kings, and princes too,<br />
128Pale warriors, death-pale were they all;<br />
129Who cry'd—'La Belle Dame sans Merci<br />
130Hath thee in thrall!'<br />
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131<br />
132I saw their starv'd lips in the gloam,<br />
133With horrid warning gaped wide,<br />
134And I awoke, and found me here,<br />
135On the cold hill’s side.<br />
136<br />
137And this is why I sojourn here,<br />
138Alone and palely loitering,<br />
139Though the sedge is withered from the lake,<br />
140And no birds sing.
141
142|}
143
144==Inspiration==
c8b07c57 145In 2019 literary scholars [[Richard Marggraf Turley]] and Jennifer Squire proposed that the ballad may have been inspired by the tomb effigy of [[Richard FitzAlan, 10th Earl of Arundel]] (d. 1376) in [[Chichester Cathedral]]. At the time of Keats' visit in 1819, the effigy stood mutilated and separated from that of Arundel's second wife, [[Eleanor of Lancaster]] (d. 1372), in the northern outer aisle. The figures were reunited and restored by Edward Richardson in 1843, and later inspired [[Philip Larkin]]'s 1956 poem "[[An Arundel Tomb]]".<ref name="pau_20190516_chinchestereffigies"/><ref name="marggraf_20190716_chinchester"/>
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146
147== In other media ==
148
149=== Visual depictions ===
150{{Commons category|La Belle Dame sans Merci}}
151"La Belle Dame sans Merci" was a popular subject for the [[Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood]]. It was depicted by [[Frank Dicksee]],<ref name="dicksee_1890_painting" /> [[Frank Cadogan Cowper]], [[John William Waterhouse]],<ref name="waterhouse_1893_painting" /> [[Arthur Hughes (artist)|Arthur Hughes]],<ref name="hughes_18xx_painting" /> [[Walter Crane]],<ref name="crane_1865_painting" /> and Henry Maynell Rheam.<ref name="rheam_1901_painting" /> It was also satirized in the 1&nbsp;December 1920 edition of ''[[Punch (magazine)|Punch]]'' magazine.<ref name="punch_1920_drawing" />
152
153=== Musical settings ===
c8b07c57 154Around 1910, [[Charles Villiers Stanford]] produced a musical setting for the poem. It is a dramatic interpretation requiring a skilled (male) vocalist and equally skilled accompanist.<ref name="stanford_1910_score" /> In the 21st century it remains popular and is included on many anthologies of English song or British Art Music recorded by famous artists.<ref name="hyperion_2022_commerciallistingspromo"/>
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155
156In 1935, [[Patrick Hadley]] wrote a version of the Stanford score for tenor, [[SATB|four-part chorus]], and orchestra.<ref name="hadley_1935_score" />
157
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158Ukrainian composer [[Valentyn Silvestrov]] wrote a song for baritone and piano after Russian translation of the poem. It belongs to Silvestrov's song cycle ''Quiet Songs (Silent Songs)'' (1974–1975).
159
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160A setting of the poem, in German translation, appears on the 2009 music album ''Buch der Balladen'' by [[Faun (band)|Faun]].<ref name="faun_2009_balladen" />
161
162A lyrical, mystical musical setting of this poem has been composed by [[Loreena McKennitt]], published in her 2018 CD ''Lost Souls''.<ref name="mckennitt_2018_lost" />
163
164=== Film ===
165The 1915 American film ''[[The Poet of the Peaks]]'' was based upon the poem.<ref name="reaves_1915_peaks" />
166
c8b07c57 167[[Germaine Dulac]]'s 1920 ''La Belle Dame sans Merci'' explores the archetype of the ''femme fatale''.<ref name="icr_20200829_filmdulac"/><ref name="dulac_1920_film"/>
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168
169[[Natassia Malthe]] stars as "The Lady" in Hidetoshi Oneda 2005 fantasy short of the same title.
170
171[[Ben Whishaw]] recites the poem in the 2009 Keats biopic ''[[Bright Star (film)|Bright Star]]''.
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172
173===Books ===
174The poem is mentioned in the story entitled "The case of Three Gables" from the 1893 book ''[[The Memoirs of Sherlock Holmes]]'' by Sir [[Arthur Conan Doyle]]. In it Holmes compares and matches the character sketch of Isadora Klein with La Belle Dame sans Merci.<ref name="doyle_1893_sherlock" />
175
176In Agatha Christie's 1936 mystery novel ''[[Murder in Mesopotamia]]'', the plot is centered upon an unusual woman named Louise Leidner who is described multiple times as "a kind of Belle Dame sin Merci". One character describes her as possessing a "calamitous magic that plays the devil with things".<ref name="christie_2003_mesopotamia-cd" /><ref name="christie_1936_mesopotamia" />
177
178[[Vladimir Nabokov]]'s books ''[[The Real Life of Sebastian Knight]]'' (1941), ''[[Lolita]]'' (1955) and ''[[Pale Fire]]'' (1962) allude to the poem.<!--books around 1950s, reference needed-->
179
180The last two lines of the first verse ("The sedge has withered from the lake/And no birds sing") were used as an epigraph for [[Rachel Carson]]'s book ''[[Silent Spring]]'' (1962), about the environmental damage caused by the irresponsible use of pesticides. The second line was repeated later in the book, as the title of a chapter about their specific effects on birds.<ref name="carson_2002_silentspring" />
181
f4d321de 182The last two lines of the 11th verse are used as the title of a science fiction short story, "And I awoke and found me here on the cold hill's side" (1973) by [[James Tiptree Jr.]]<ref name="tiptree_1973" />
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183
184[[Roger Zelazny]]'s ''Amber Chronicles'' refer to the poem in Chapter Five of ''The Courts of Chaos'' (1978) wherein the protagonist journeys to a land that resembles the poem.<ref name="zelazny_1978_chaos" />
185
186[[John Kennedy Toole]]'s novel ''[[A Confederacy of Dunces]]'' (1980) alludes to the poem in initially describing the main character's home.<ref name="toole_1980_dunces" />
187
188[[Farley Mowat]]'s 1980 memoir of his experiences in World War II is entitled ''And No Birds Sang''.<ref name="mowat_1979_birds" />
189
190''[[Pale Kings and Princes]]'', a 1987 [[Spenser (character)|Spenser]] novel by [[Robert B. Parker]], takes its title from the poem.
191
192The line is also featured in [[Philip Roth]]'s ''The Human Stain'' (2000) in reaction to Coleman describing his new, far younger love interest.<ref name="roth_2000_stain" />
193
194In Chapter 32 of [[Kristine Smith]]'s novel ''Law Of Survival'' (2001) the protagonist, Jani, reveals her true hybrid eyes to the general public for the first time, then she asks another character, Niall, what she looks like. Niall smiles and quotes a snippet of La Belle Dame sans Merci and gives Keats credit for his words.<ref name="smith_2001_survival" />
195
196The Beldam in Neil Gaiman's 2002 horror-fantasy novel ''[[Coraline]]'' references the mysterious woman who is also known as Belle Dame. Both share many similarities as both lure their protagonists into their lair by showing their love towards them and giving them treats to enjoy. The protagonists in both stories also encounter the ghosts who have previously met both women and warn the protagonist about their true colours and at the end of the story, the protagonist is stuck in their lair, with the exception of Coraline who managed to escape while the unnamed knight in this poem is still stuck in the mysterious fairy's lair.<ref name="gaiman_2002_coraline" />
197
f4d321de 198[[L. A. Meyer]]'s ''Bloody Jack'' series (2002–2014) features a take on La Belle Dame sans Merci, adapted to reflect the protagonists age. Mary "Jacky" Faber became known as "La belle jeune fille sans merci".<!-- reference needed-->
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199
200In ''Hunting Ground'' (2009) by [[Patricia Briggs]], La Belle Dame sans Merci is identified as The Lady of the Lake and is a hidden antagonist.<ref name="briggs_2009_hunting" />
201
202[[David Foster Wallace]]'s 2011 novel ''[[The Pale King]]'' alludes to the poem in its title.<ref name="wallace_2011_king" />
203
204[[Cassandra Clare]]'s 2016 collection of novellas ''[[Tales From the Shadowhunter Academy]]'' includes a novella titled Pale Kings and Princes, named after the line "I saw pale kings and princes too/Pale warriors, death-pale were they all". Three of the poem's stanzas are also excerpted in the story.<ref name="clare_2016_shadowhunter" />
205
f4d321de 206The last two lines of the first verse ("The sedge has withered from the lake/And no birds sing") are used in the text of the 2019 Nebula award-winning science fiction story ''[[This Is How You Lose the Time War]]'' by Amal El-Mohtar and Max Gladstone (2019).<ref>"This Is How You Lose The Time War" by Amal El-Mohtar and Max Gladstone (Saga books, 2019)</ref>
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207
208===Television===
209{{Expand section | date = November 2018}}
210
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211''[[Rosemary & Thyme]]'' – Season 1, Episode 1<ref name="rosemary_20030831" />
212
213[[Californication (TV series)|''Californication'']] – Season 1, Episode 5<ref name="californ_20070910" />
214
215''[[Downton Abbey]]'' – Season 6, Episode 5<ref name="abbey_20151018" />
04f366a6 216
f4d321de 217''[[Victoria (UK TV series)|Victoria]]'' – Season 2, Episode 3<ref name="victoria_20170910" />
04f366a6 218
f4d321de 219The theme of a woman seducing men to keep herself immortal is in ''The Twilight Zone'' series episode "[[Queen of the Nile (The Twilight Zone)|Queen of the Nile]]".
04f366a6 220
f4d321de 221It has also been suggested that there is a strong similarity with the plot of Monty Python's [[Seduced Milkmen]] sketch.
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222
223===Other===
224In a March 2017 interview with ''[[The Quietus]]'' the English songwriter and musician [[John Lydon]] cited the poem as a favourite.<ref name="quietus_20170321_interview-fb" />
225
f4d321de 226In the popular trading card game, ''Magic the Gathering'', the card "Merieke Ri Berit" is modeled after this poem.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Merieke Ri Berit|url=https://mtg.gamepedia.com/Merieke_Ri_Berit|access-date=2020-06-12|website=MTG Wiki|language=en}}</ref>
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227
228==References==
229{{Reflist|refs=
230
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231<ref name="abbey_20151018">{{Cite episode
232 |title = Episode 5
233 |episode-link = List_of_Downton_Abbey_episodes#Series_6_(2015)
234 |series = Downton Abbey
235 |series-link = Downton Abbey
236 |first = Fellowes
237 |last = Julian
238 |network = ITV
239 |date = 2015-10-18
240 |season = 6
241 |number = 5
242 |language = en
243 |oclc = 932137942
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244}}</ref>
245
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246<ref name="briggs_2009_hunting">{{cite book |title = Hunting Ground
247 |last = Briggs
248 |first = Patricia
249 |date = 2009
250 |location = New York
251 |publisher = Berkley Pub. Group
252 |oclc = 865278362
253 |isbn = 9780441017386
254 |author-link = Patricia Briggs
255 |url-access = registration
256 |url = https://archive.org/details/huntingground00brig
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257}}</ref>
258
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259<ref name="californ_20070910">{{Cite episode
260 |title = LOL
261 |episode-link = List_of_Californication_episodes#Season_1_(2007)
262 |series = Californication
263 |series-link = Californication (TV series)
264 |first = Tom
265 |last = Kampinos
266 |network = Showtime
267 |date = 2007-09-10
268 |season = 1
269 |number = 5
270 |language = en
271 |oclc = 941908978
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272}}</ref>
273
274<ref name="carson_2002_silentspring">{{cite book
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275 |title = [[Silent Spring]]
276 |last = Carson
277 |first = Rachel
278 |date = 2002
279 |publisher = [[Houghton Mifflin]]
280 |location = Cambridge, Massachusetts
281 |author-link = Rachel Carson
282 |oclc = 806409808
283 |isbn = 9780618249060 <!--Replace with ref to earlier version (ex:1962) if quote presence confirmed.-->
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284}}</ref>
285
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286<ref name="christie_1936_mesopotamia">{{cite book
287 |title = Murder in Mesopotamia
288 |last = Christie
289 |first = Agatha
290 |date = 1936
291 |chapter = Chapter 19. A New Suspicion
292 |location = London
293 |publisher = Published for the Crime club by Collins
294 |oclc = 938286864
295 |author-link = Agatha Christie
296 |quote = But Mrs. Leidner was something out of the ordinary in that line. She'd got just that sort of calamitous magic that plays the deuce with things - a kind of Belle Dame sans Merci.
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297}}</ref>
298
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299<ref name="christie_2003_mesopotamia-cd">{{cite AV media
300 |people = Christie, Agatha (author); Bakewell, Michael
301 |date = 2003
302 |title = [[Murder in Mesopotamia]] : A BBC Radio 4 full-cast dramatisation
303 |medium = audio compact disc
304 |language = en
305 |time = 01:16:55 <!--See also 00:20:03-->
306 |location = Bath
307 |publisher = BBC Audiobooks
308 |isbn = 9780563494232
309 |oclc = 938615128
310 |quote = POIROT:But Louise Leidner was no ordinary woman. DR REILLY:She certainly was not. She'd got that sort of... calamitous magic that plays the devil with things. Kind of a Belle Dame sans Merci.
311 |author-link = Agatha Christie
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312}}</ref>
313
314<ref name="clare_2016_shadowhunter">{{cite book
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315 |title = [[Tales From the Shadowhunter Academy]]
316 |last = Clare
317 |first = Cassandra
318 |date = 2016
319 |location = London
320 |publisher = [[Walker Books]]
321 |oclc = 1028442554
322 |isbn = 9781406362848
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323}}</ref>
324
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325<ref name="cooper_1986_fatale">{{cite journal
326 |last = Cooper
327 |first = Robyn
328 |date = 1986
329 |editor-last1 = Dean
330 |editor-first1 = Sonia
331 |editor-last2 = Ryan
332 |editor-first2 = Judith
333 |title = Arthur Hughes's La Belle Dame sans merci and the femme fatale
334 |url = https://www.ngv.vic.gov.au/essay/arthur-hughess-la-belle-dame-sans-merci-and-the-femme-fatale/
335 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170526185635/https://www.ngv.vic.gov.au/essay/arthur-hughess-la-belle-dame-sans-merci-and-the-femme-fatale/
336 |url-status = live
337 |journal = Art Bulletin of Victoria
338 |volume = 27
339 |issn = 0066-7935
340 |publisher = Council of Trustees of the National Gallery of Victoria
341 |oclc = 888714380
342 |archive-date = 2017-05-26
343 |access-date = 2018-11-30
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344}}</ref>
345
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346<ref name="crane_1865_painting">{{Citation
347 |last = Crane
348 |first = Walter T.
349 |year = 1865
350 |title = Le belle Dame Sans Merci
351 |publisher = Wikimedia Commons, the free media repository
352 |url = https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Walter_T._Crane_-_La_belle_Dame_Sans_Merci_(1865).jpg&oldid=290464764
353 |access-date = 2018-11-30
354}}</ref>
355
356<ref name="dicksee_1890_painting">{{Citation
357 |last = Frank
358 |first = Dicksee
359 |year = 1890
360 |title = La Belle Dame Sans Merci
361 |publisher = Wikimedia Commons, the free media repository
362 |url = https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Redgirl_and_knight02.jpg&oldid=309188121
363 |access-date = 2018-11-30
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364}}</ref>
365
366<ref name="doyle_1893_sherlock">{{cite book
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367 |title = [[The Memoirs of Sherlock Holmes]]
368 |last = Doyle
369 |first = Arthur Conan
370 |date = 1893
371 |author-link = Arthur Conan Doyle
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372}}</ref>
373
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374<ref name="dulac_1920_film">{{cite AV media
375 |title = La Belle Dame sans merci
376 |people = Dulac, Germaine (director)
377 |date = 1920
378 |oclc = 691529310
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379}}</ref>
380
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381<ref name="everest_2002_lovedeath">{{cite book
382 |last = Everest
383 |first = Kelvin
384 |author2 = British Council
385 |author2-link = British Council
386 |date = 2002
387 |title = John Keats
388 |url = https://books.google.com/books?id=9vZaAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA86
389 |publisher = Northcote House
390 |isbn = 9780746308073
391 |oclc = 50526132
392 |page = 86
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393}}</ref>
394
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395<ref name="faun_2009_balladen">{{cite AV media
396 |people = Faun (Album)
397 |date = 2009
398 |title = Buch Der Balladen
399 |trans-title = Book of Ballads
400 |medium = audio compact disc
401 |oclc = 1010338374
402 |asin = B00CV9225E
403 |at = track 10 "Belle Dame Sana Merci"
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404}}</ref>
405
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406<ref name="gaiman_2002_coraline">{{cite book
407 |title = Coraline
408 |last = Gaiman
409 |first = Neil
410 |date = 2002
411 |location = London
412 |publisher = [[Bloomsbury Publishing]]
413 |author-link = Neil Gaiman
414 |oclc = 441090183
415 |isbn = 9780747558781
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416}}</ref>
417
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418<ref name="hadley_1935_score">{{cite AV media
419 |people = Hadley, Patrick (music), Keats, John (words)
420 |date = 1935
421 |title = La belle dame sans merci
422 |medium = printed musical score
423 |location = London
424 |publisher = Curwen
425 |oclc = 24862985
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426}}</ref>
427
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428<ref name="hughes_18xx_painting">{{Citation
429 |last = Hugues
430 |first = Arthur
431 |author-link = Arthur Hughes (artist)
432 |year = <!-- Difficult to pin down.-->
433 |title = La Belle Dame Sans Merci
434 |publisher = Wikimedia Commons, the free media repository
435 |url = https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Arthur_Hugues_-_La_belle_dame_sans_merci.jpg&oldid=132350511
436 |access-date = 2018-11-30
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437}}</ref>
438
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439<ref name="hyperion_2022_commerciallistingspromo">{{Cite web
440 |url = https://www.hyperion-records.co.uk/tw.asp?w=W6062
441 |title = La belle dame sans merci - Hyperion Records - CDs, MP3 and Lossless downloads
442 |website = www.hyperion-records.co.uk
443 |access-date = 8 April 2019
444 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20220507202804/https://www.hyperion-records.co.uk/tw.asp?w=W6062
445 |archive-date = 7 May 2022
446 |url-status = live
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447}}</ref>
448
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449<ref name="icr_20200829_filmdulac">{{cite web
450 |url = https://festival.ilcinemaritrovato.it/en/proiezione/la-belle-dame-sans-merci/
451 |title = La Belle Dame sans Merci
452 |website = Il Cinema Ritrovato]
453 |access-date = 18 July 2022
454 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20210506003403/https://festival.ilcinemaritrovato.it/en/proiezione/la-belle-dame-sans-merci/
455 |archive-date = 6 May 2021
456 |url-status = live
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457}}</ref>
458
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459<ref name="keats_1905_selincourt">{{cite book
460 |title = The Poems of John Keats
461 |url = https://archive.org/details/poemsofjohnkeats00keat
462 |last = Keats
463 |first = John
464 |author-link = John Keats
465 |editor-last = Sélincourt
466 |editor-first = Ernest De
467 |editor-link = Ernest de Sélincourt
468 |date = 1905
469 |location = New York
470 |publisher = Dodd, Mead & Company
471 |pages = [https://archive.org/details/poemsofjohnkeats00keat/page/244 244]-247
472 |oclc = 11128824
473}}</ref>
474
475<ref name="marggraf_20190716_chinchester">{{cite web
476 |first = Richard
477 |last = Marggraf Turley
478 |author-link = Richard Marggraf Turley
479 |title = How a stone knight inspired two very different visions of love from John Keats and Philip Larkin
480 |publisher = The Conversation
481 |date = 16 July 2019
482 |url = https://theconversation.com/how-a-stone-knight-inspired-two-very-different-visions-of-love-from-john-keats-and-philip-larkin-120377
483 |access-date = 25 December 2019
484 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20220507202804/https://theconversation.com/how-a-stone-knight-inspired-two-very-different-visions-of-love-from-john-keats-and-philip-larkin-120377
485 |archive-date = 7 May 2022
486 |url-status = live
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487}}</ref>
488
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489<ref name="mckennitt_2018_lost">{{cite AV media
490 |people = McKennitt, Loreena (Artist)
491 |date = 2018
492 |title = Lost Souls
493 |medium = audio compact disc
494 |location = New York, NY
495 |publisher = Universal Music Enterprises
496 |oclc = 1048033767
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497}}</ref>
498
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499<ref name="mowat_1979_birds">{{cite book
500 |title = And No Birds Sang
501 |last = Mowat
502 |first = Farley
503 |date = 1979
504 |location = London
505 |publisher = Cassell
506 |oclc = 16557956
507 |isbn = 9780304307470
508 |author-link = Farley Mowat
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509}}</ref>
510
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511<ref name="pau_20190516_chinchestereffigies">{{cite web
512 |title = Old sketches, maps and gothic effigies unlock secrets of John Keats's famous poem 'La Belle Dame Sans Merci'
513 |publisher = Aberystwyth University
514 |date = 16 May 2019
515 |url = https://www.aber.ac.uk/en/news/archive/2019/05/title-223178-en.html?bblinkid=160156052&bbemailid=13965598&bbejrid=1065862831
516 |access-date = 25 December 2019
517 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20220718041655/https://www.aber.ac.uk/en/news/archive/2019/05/title-223178-en.html
518 |archive-date = 18 July 2022
519 |url-status = live
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520}}</ref>
521
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522<ref name="punch_1920_drawing">{{Citation
523 |date = 1920-12-01
524 |title = LA BELLE DAME SANS MERCI
525 |publisher = [[Punch (magazine)|Punch]]
526 |url = https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:La_Belle_Dame_sans_Merci_-_Punch_cartoon_-_Project_Gutenberg_eText_19105.png&oldid=241841701
527 |access-date = 2018-11-30
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528}}</ref>
529
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530<ref name="quietus_20170321_interview-fb">{{cite AV media
531 |url = https://www.facebook.com/TheQuietus/videos/1341715772538876/
532 |title = The Quietus - John Lydon Official interview LIVE
533 |date = 2017-03-21
534 |publisher = Facebook
535 |language = en
536 |access-date = 2018-11-30
537}}</ref>
538
539<ref name="quiller_1927_keats>{{cite book
540 |title = Oxford Book of English Verse 1250-1900
541 |url = https://archive.org/details/cu31924011997909
542 |last = Keats
543 |first = John
544 |chapter = 633. La Belle Dame sans Merci
545 |author-link = John Keats
546 |editor-last = Quiller-Couch
547 |editor-first = Sir Arthur Thomas
548 |editor-link = Sir Arthur Thomas Quiller-Couch
549 |date = 1912
550 |page = 741
551 |location = Oxford
552 |publisher = Clarendon Press
553 |via = [[Internet Archive]]
554 |oclc = 239048
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555}}</ref>
556
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557<ref name="reaves_1915_peaks">{{cite AV media
558 |people = Eason, Reaves (Director)
559 |date = 1915-04-12
560 |title = The Poet of the Peaks
561 |medium = motion picture
562 |language = en
563 |time = <!-- Insert relevant hh:mm time in movie referencing poem.-->
564 |location = USA
565 |publisher = Mutual Film
566 |oclc = <!-- None found-->
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567}}</ref>
568
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569<ref name="rheam_1901_painting">{{Citation
570 |last = Rheam
571 |first = Henry Meynell
572 |year = 1901
573 |title = La Belle Dame sans Merci
574 |publisher = Wikimedia Commons, the free media repository
575 |url = https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Henry_Meynell_Rheam_-_La_Belle_Dame_sans_Merci.jpg&oldid=119268210
576 |access-date = 2018-11-30
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577}}</ref>
578
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579<ref name="rosemary_20030831">{{Cite episode
580 |title = And No Birds Sing
581 |episode-link = Rosemary_%26_Thyme#Series_1_(2003)
582 |series = Rosemary & Thyme
583 |series-link = Rosemary & Thyme
584 |first1 = Brian
585 |last1 = Eastman
586 |first2 = Clive
587 |last2 = Exton
588 |network = ITV
589 |date = 2003-08-31
590 |season = 1
591 |number = 1
592 |language = en
593 |oclc = 1040647468
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594}}</ref>
595
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596<ref name="roth_2000_stain">{{cite book
597 |title = [[The Human Stain]]
598 |last = Roth
599 |first = Philip
600 |date = 2000
601 |publisher = [[Houghton Mifflin]]
602 |author-link = Philip Roth
603 |oclc = 930877308
604 |page = 27
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605}}</ref>
606
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607<ref name="smith_2001_survival">{{cite book
608 |title = Law of Survival
609 |url = https://archive.org/details/lawofsurvival0000smit
610 |url-access = registration
611 |chapter = 32
612 |last = Smith
613 |first = Kristine
614 |date = 2001
615 |location = New York, NY
616 |publisher = Eos Books
617 |oclc = 48105904
618 |isbn = 9780380807857
619 |author-link = Kristine Smith
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620}}</ref>
621
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622<ref name="stanford_1910_score">{{cite AV media
623 |people = Stanford, Charles Villiers (music), Keats, John (words)
624 |date = 1910 <!-- Note: This is an approximate year.-->
625 |title = La belle dame sans merci : ballad (For voice and piano)
626 |medium = musical score
627 |location = London
628 |publisher = Augener & Co.
629 |oclc = 433495401
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630}}</ref>
631
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632<ref name="symons_2004_title">{{cite web
633 |url = http://www.lib.rochester.edu/camelot/teams/sym4int.htm
634 |title = La Belle Dame sans Mercy – Introduction
635 |author = Dana M. Symons
636 |year = 2004
637 |work = Chaucerian Dream Visions and Complaints
638 |publisher = Medieval Institute Publications
639 |access-date = 2018-11-30
640 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20180627144305/http://d.lib.rochester.edu/teams/text/symons-chaucerian-dream-visions-and-complaints-la-belle-dame-sans-mercy-introduction
641 |archive-date = 2018-06-27
642 |url-status = dead
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643}}</ref>
644
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645<ref name="tiptree_1973">{{cite book
646 |title = Ten thousand light-years from home
647 |url = https://archive.org/details/tenthousandlight00tipt
648 |url-access = registration
649 |chapter = And I Awoke and Found Me Here on the Cold Hill's Side
650 |last = Tiptree
651 |first = James Jr.
652 |date = 1973
653 |publisher = [[Ace Books]]
654 |location = New York
655 |oclc = 50687237
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656}}</ref>
657
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658<ref name="toole_1980_dunces">{{cite book
659 |title = [[A Confederacy of Dunces]]
660 |last = Toole
661 |first = John Kennedy
662 |date = 1980
663 |location = Baton Rouge
664 |publisher = Louisiana State University Press
665 |oclc = 318457173
666 |isbn = 9780807106570
667 |author-link = John Kennedy Toole
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668}}</ref>
669
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670<ref name="wallace_2011_king">{{cite book
671 |title = [[The Pale King]]
672 |last = Wallace
673 |first = David Foster
674 |date = 2011
675 |location = London
676 |publisher = Hamish Hamilton
677 |oclc = 729687079
678 |isbn = 9780241144800
679 |author-link = David Foster Wallace
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680}}</ref>
681
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682<ref name="zelazny_1978_chaos">{{cite book
683 |title = Chronicles of Amber. Volume II
684 |chapter = Chapter 5, The Courts of Chaos
685 |last = Zelazny
686 |first = Roger
687 |date = 1978
688 |location = Garden City, New York
689 |publisher = Nelson Doubleday Pub.
690 |oclc = 316235986
691 |author-link = Roger Zelazny
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692}}</ref>
693
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694<ref name="victoria_20170910">{{Cite episode
695 |title = Warp and Weft
696 |episode-link = Victoria_(UK_TV_series)#Series_2_(2017)
697 |series = Victoria
698 |series-link = Victoria (UK TV series)
699 |first = Sax
700 |last = Geoffrey
701 |network = ITV
702 |date = 2017-09-10
703 |season = 2
704 |number = 3
705 |language = en
706 |oclc = 1026276682
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707}}</ref>
708
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709<ref name="waterhouse_1893_painting">{{Citation
710 |last = Waterhouse
711 |first = John William
712 |year = 1893
713 |title = La Belle Dame Sans Merci
714 |publisher = Wikimedia Commons, the free media repository
715 |url = https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:La_Belle_Dame_Sans_Merci,_by_John_William_Waterhouse,_1893,_oil_on_canvas_-_Hessisches_Landesmuseum_Darmstadt_-_Darmstadt,_Germany_-_DSC01228.jpg&oldid=260668475
716 |access-date = 2018-11-30
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717}}</ref>
718
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719}}
720
721== External links ==
722{{Wikisource|La Belle Dame sans Merci}}
f4d321de 723* {{StandardEbooks|Standard Ebooks URL=https://standardebooks.org/ebooks/john-keats/poetry|Display Name=An omnibus collection of Keats' poetry|noitalics=true}}
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724
725{{John Keats}}
f4d321de 726{{Authority control}}
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727
728{{DEFAULTSORT:Belle Dame Sans Merci, La}}
729[[Category:1819 poems]]
730[[Category:Gothic fiction]]
731[[Category:Poetry by John Keats]]
732[[Category:Witchcraft in written fiction]]